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Copyright of Exacta is the property of Exacta - Engenharia de Producao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Fuentes, El Reventón Energético is the property of Universidad Industrial de Santander and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This work aimed to evaluate the effect of preservation of bacuri almond oil by slow and fast freezing methods on its physical and chemical characteristics, in different storage times. We divided the oil samples obtained to receive slow (-18°C) and fast (-22°C) freezing. The analyzes of the iodine, saponification, and refraction indices were analyzed at T0, T1 (55 days), and T2 (75 days), while the acidity and peroxide index were performed at T0, T1 (50 days), T2 (70 days), and T3 (80 days). There was a significant difference (p<0.05) in the iodine index at time T1, while the saponification and acidity index at times T1 and T2 had higher values for slow freezing oil. In the peroxide index, there was no significant difference between the freezing methods. The coldtechnology provid to be efficient to increase the useful life of bacuri oil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Agrotecnologia is the property of Universidade Estadual de Goias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Facing the possibility of the depletion of fossil fuels sources, there is a need to obtain new means of energy production, preferably cleaner modes that are environmentally correct. Therefore, the need of the development of new means of energy transformation which cause less harmful effects to the environment has become essential. It is in this context that biofuels researches appear. These have fewer polluting emissions and generally have better characteristics than a common fuel. Biodiesel is one of these biofuels; it can be produced from vegetable oils or from oil extracted from animal fats / tallow and also residues from the animal slaughter industry, from oil used in frying and even from fat present in sewage networks. This work aims to demonstrate, in a comparative manner, different ways of producing biodiesel and the different conditions that can be used to produce it, through the study of published articles between 2010 and 2021. Through the discussion it is possible to see that production depends mainly on the used raw material quality and that it will define since the preparation of it (if pre-treatment is required, which type of catalysis, among others) until the quality of the obtained final product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With progress in biodiesel driven by renewable energy matrices, Brazil is at the forefront of using vegetable and animal oil as the automotive fuel. The dynamic production of biodiesel solutions for the production of biodiesel, since the industry in general uses metallic tanks for the development of other fuels with different physical and chemical characteristics. Industrial corrosion is a 30% industry results from installation with subsequent replacement or preventive maintenance. The work sought a methodology to evaluate the corrosion of steel from tanks used for the storage of biodiesel, due to the absence of a specific methodology for the analysis of biodiesel as a corrosion factor. Tests of cloudiness with biodiesel were developed in an experimental machine, as well as immersion tests and electrochemical tests for comparison. A statistical basis for experiment planning was performed. The results were more aggressive than the specified steel, and what is present in the fuel is the factor that has the greatest impact on corrosion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The importance of different energy matrixes in the development process of society is undeniable; however, the consumption of fossil fuels has increased atmospheric pollution and has become a serious threat to the health population. Diesel, even so its use is lower than that of gasoline, has a much more harmful emission profile. Biofuels are a present and efficient alternative in the mitigation of greenhouse gases and particulate matter in substitution of or in the mixture with fossil fuels. Researches show that the systems most affected by this pollution are the respiratory, circulatory, and reproductive. Recent data from the World Health Organization (WHO) show that particulate matter alone is responsible for 7 million deaths worldwide, mainly due to respiratory problems. This study searched the scientific literature for the benefits of biodiesel production and the negative effects caused by air pollution. Biodiesel is capable of substantially reducing gas emissions from incomplete combustion of diesel and with the differential of carbon capture (CO2) in the phase of soybean cultivation, the main Brazilian raw material.

Anthelmintic resistance has been a major obstacle in sheep farming, given this problem, other tools have been used as an alternative to control gastrointestinal parasites, among them, herbal medicine with the use of vegetable oils and extracts stands out. The objective of the present work was to evaluate in vitro the bioactivity of the aqueous extract of the leaves of Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit (Lamiaceae) on gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep. Three dilutions of the aqueous extract were tested: 100%, 50% and 25% with three repetitions per treatment, forming two control groups, a negative control (distilled water) and positive control (Albendazole). The negative control larvae cultures revealed infective larvae of the genus Haemonchus, Oesophagostomum and Trichostrongylus, with a predominance of the first genus. The aqueous extract of the leaves of H. suaveolens at a concentration of 100% showed effective in vitro bioactivity against gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global energy demand has increased significantly and nations have come to depend on petroleum as their primary energy source. However, the use of this raw material tends to have limitations regarding long-term availability. Thus, the study of different raw materials for the production of renewable fuels is of great importance. The present study had as objective the production of biodiesel from corn and the study of the physicochemical characteristics of the diesel-biodiesel mixtures in the proportions of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80 % and 90%. Biodiesel was produced by methyl route, using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as a catalyst. The transesterification took place under magnetic stirring, respecting the proportion of 6 moles of methyl alcohol to 1 mole of vegetable oil, 1% of NaOH in volumetric basis and stirring time of 60 minutes. An increase in specific mass and kinematic viscosity was observed in relation to the proportion of biodiesel in the blends. The results indicated that the production of biodiesel from corn oil had a satisfactory average yield of 94.29% and that only the diesel-biodiesel blends B10, B20, B30, B40 and B50 presented specific mass and kinematic viscosity in patterns consistent with the norm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hybrids between caiaué and oil palm (IEH OxG) are explored in genetic improvement with the main objective of associating the high palm oil productivity of oil palm with resistance of caiaué to Bud Rot disease. In addition, caiaué has better oil quality and greater resistance to some pests and diseases than oil palm and these characteristics are transmitted to the hybrid between species. Due to fertility problems, IEH OxG plantations require assisted pollination, which raises the production costs. Backcrossings using oil palm as recurrent parent (BC OGxG) are being evaluated as a solution to restore the fertility of IEH OxG, however, the species contrast to physicochemical characteristics of the bunch and to oil composition, therefore, there is a need to observe how these characteristics vary in BC OGxG. Physicochemical characteristics of the bunch and fatty acid composition of the oil produced by 90 plants from an BC OGxG progeny were analysed. A large variation was observed in the progeny, with mean values of 9.0 kg for bunch weight, 46.0% of parthenocarpic fruits in the bunch weight, 72.2% of mesocarp in normal fruit and 86.5% in parthenocarpic fruit, 37.6% of oil in the humid mesocarp of normal fruits and 35.9% in parthenocarpic fruits and 16.4% of oil content in the fresh fruits bunch (FFB). The unsaturated fatty acids oleic (52.5%) and linoleic (10.8%) and the saturated fatty acids palmitic (30.7%) and stearic (4.4 %) stood out in the oil composition. In the progeny BC OGxG is possible to select individuals for high OCB and for a greater or lesser percentage of saturated or unsaturated fatty acids in the oil composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lambari, Astyanax altiparanae, exhibits a great potential for aquaculture due to its omnivory, rapid growth and ease captive production. Despite of fish lipid metabolism being directly related to the dietary lipid consumed, which may lead to changes in fish growth, nothing much have been established regarding the lipid sources that can be applied in A. altiparanae captive production. Thus, this present research was conducted aiming to evaluate the growth performance and whole body composition of A. altiparanae fed with lipid sources of plant and/or animal origins. Were used a Completely Randomized design experiment with five treatments. The treatments consisted of isoproteic and isoenergetic diets, containing the following lipid sources: T1: linseed, chia and sunflower oils; T2: linseed and corn oils; T3: linseed, chia, corn and sunflower oils; T4: sunflower, corn and fish oils; T5: linseed, chia, sunflower, corn oils and bovine fat. Each treatment was replicated six times, where the experimental units consists of 10 fishes (averaged weight: 4.0 + 0.5 g) placed in an aquarium containing 80L of dechlorinated water. Were compared the growth performance parameters among the treatments by applying an one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 5% significance (P < 0.05). The results revealed that both growth performance and whole body composition of A. altiparanae were not affected by the lipid source, which indicate that these fishes can efficiently use both vegetable lipid sources as well as mixtures of vegetable and animal lipid sources without any growth disadvantages.

Introduction: The obesity is closely related to quality of life, beyond that, psychological and behavioral factors may explain the relationship between obesity and anxiety/depression, to encourage health expansion, aromatherapy is a resource with enough results, few explored in anxiety and weight reduction on obese people. Objective: To investigate the relation of using Lavender angustifolia oil in anxiety score reduction and loss' weight in obese women. Materials and Methods: intervention study with no group control, composed by obese women, the data were collected from April until October 2019, anthropometic measures were analyzed (weight/stature), to measure their anxiety, was used the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). The intervention was with massage and essencial Lavender angustifolia 3% oil inhaling, diluted on sweet almonds' vegetable oil totalizing eight massage sessions in witch had dured 35 minutes, in addition to contact with the lavender oil during the massage, the participants took home a bottle with the same oil as used on the procedure to drip one (1) drop on the pillow before the sleep, every night for the 30 subsequent research days. Results: Anxiety decreasing (p=0,002), just like loss' weight (p=0,022) but without changing the body mass index (p=0,110). Conclusion: The aromatherapy with Lavender angustifolia essencial oil can be used as an alternative treatment to reduce anxiety and in consequence, loss weight in obese people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Non-renewable chemical products are still the most used for wood protection, however, they have negative aspects. Several problems associated with the extensive use of these substances have been reported, such as intoxication of animals and plants, and environmental contamination. This has led to a search for alternative methods of control that cause less impact on the environment. In this context, the use of natural products extracted from different plants can be an alternative to this industrial activity. The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of andiroba, copaiba and jatropha oils, either pure or enriched with iodine (I2), to improve the biological resistance of Pinus elliottii wood to wood-decay fungi causing brown, white and soft rot. The andiroba and copaiba oils came from the state of Pará and the jatropha oil came from Paraíba. Thus, we performed resistance tests to accelerated decay (brown and white rot fungi) and soft rot tests in the laboratory. We used pure natural oils and those enriched with sublimated iodine in assessing efficiency. In turn, we evaluated the effects of volatilization and leaching on the efficiency of solutions against decaying fungi. Pure andiroba and jatropha oils were the least efficient in controlling the Trametes versicolor fungus in the accelerated decay biological assay. Moreover, the wood treated with pure copaiba oil (normal situation) was classified as non-resistant for controlling Postia placenta fungus. In the soft rot test, we observed that there was a tendency to improve the wood resistance (normal situation) with an increase in the iodine concentration (I2).

Copyright of InterfacEHS is the property of Revista InterfacEHS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Agricultura Irrigada - RBAI is the property of Revista Brasileira de Agricultura Irrigada - RBAI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the biological aspects of C. flavipes your markup, and the development of a methodology for adult capture. Sugarcane borers fed on artificial diet containing the dyes SudanRed 7B and Solvent Blue 35 in concentrations of 200 and 400 ppm, vegetable oil at 200 and 400 ppm and without oil. Later, the caterpillars were parasitized in the above treatments. We evaluated the period between parasitism and larvae emergence, pupation, weight of the masses and pupae, sex ratio, adult longevity and marking. After the setting of the dye / marker suitable concentration for adult C. flavipes, we evaluated the dispersibility and parasitism of adult females under field conditions. We used the Dunnett test for the variables related to the development of larvae, pupae and adults of C. flavipes and the GLM procedure for analysis of variance and the LSMEANS to fit the media in each factor tested. Set up The SudanRed 7B dye at a concentration of 200 ppm is the best dye / concentration to mark the larval parasitoid C. flavipes after developed the methodology for capturing C. flavipes, which associated with marking, allowed evaluating the flight capacity by distance and capture these individuals accurately. It was defined bottle trap 600 as the best pet for evaluation capture and parasitism. The maximum flight distance field in individuals was 17 meters, and the captured number was increased up to five meters. 80% of the traps with captured females were parasitized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente is the property of Universidade Federal do Parana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The advancement of bacterial resistance has been considered by WHO as one of the greatest threats to public health in the 21st century. Multidrug-resistant pathogens increase mortality rates and raise the cost of antibiotic treatment worldwide, both in hospitals and community. Therapeutic options are becoming increasingly scarce in face of so many resistance mechanisms. Among them, enzymes, such as extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL), stand out for the large spectrum of hydrolysis, inactivating penicillins and cephalosporins. The dissemination of the production capacity of these enzymes is facilitated by the location of genes in plasmids, and is currently present both in hospital environments and in the community. New alternatives are being researched, and possible sources of substances with antimicrobial activity are plants, which are already widely used in folk medicine. Among them, we can mention arnica (Arnica montana) and lemon balm (Cymbopogon citratus), which has antimicrobial activity described in literature, and showed activity against enterobacteria in previous tests of this same research group. In this work, in vitro activities of glycolic extracts and essential oils of these two plants were tested against ESBL-producing enterobacteria. 42 strains were tested, and among them, 12 tested positive for ESBL. Agar diffusion technique was performed, which showed that the microorganisms showed some sensitivity to glycolic extracts, with greater emphasis on the extract of arnica. Therefore, it is suggested that these extracts can be used as an alternative in sanitizing products on hospital surfaces and health care units, being an alternative to the potentially toxic synthetic products commonly used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microemulsion-based drilling fluids are a new technology that aims to substitute water and oil-based drilling fluid, for featuring high lubricity, stability, low toxicity, low cost and less fluid loss. This paper studies the viscosifying action of xanthan gum and bentonite in a microemulsion-based drilling fluid, composed by an aqueous solution of glycerin, vegetable oil and a nonionic surfactant, through rheological tests. From the results, it could be concluded that the xanthan gum has a higher viscosifying action, since the drilling fluid added with a smaller amount of this biopolymer presented a higher apparent and plastic viscosity, gel strength and shear limit. The two viscosifiers attributed pseudoplasticity to the drilling fluids and the rheological model that better adjusted to the presented behaviors was the Herschel-Bulkley model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing technological advances obtained both in the development of new materials and of machine tools increased the demand for the machining processes and in addition, the use of increased cutting fluids. However, it’s necessary to have characteristics that don’t harm the environment and the operator. In machining processes, cutting fluids, when properly chosen and applied, may reflect benefits during the manufacturing process. This work evaluated the performance of a commercial cutting fluid by comparing it with vegetable oil extracted from carapa guianensis in the abnt 1045 steel turning process. The cutting speed (vc), tool feed (f) and depth (ap) and the influence of the use of both of them on the metal was verified with the following variables: chip analysis, surface finish, cutting temperature and tool wear. It was observed that with the use of andiroba oil, better chip was generated for the safety of the operator, higher cutting temperatures in the piece, higher tool wear and better surface finish with a difference of 23% compared to commercial cutting fluid. Thus, the fluid from andiroba based on the conventional application demonstrated a viable alternative in the turning process of abnt 1045 steel, because it’s biodegradable and reduces petroleum-based cutting fluids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order for the oils to achieve the desired sensory quality, they undergo refining steps. Clarification is one of these steps, where clarifying clays are used in which natural undesired pigments adhere to the oil, making it visually more attractive to consumers. The problem is the incorrect disposal given to these clays wich are disposed of in landfills causing damage to the environment. Similarly, waste frying oils cause problems when disposed of in sinks and drains, compromising groundwater. Thus, a solution to this drawback would be the production of biodiesel, since it is produced through oils and fats, even in a state of deterioration provided that the physicochemical quality standards are met. The objectives of this work were to thermally activate the residual clay, to purify the residual oil in this recovered clay and to produce via biodegradable residual oil and purified oil biodiesel. All physicochemical analyzes were performed according to official methodologies and the near infrared (NIR) spectra were treated by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Physicochemical analyzes were performed after thermal activation of the clay. Results were obtained of humidity of 1.07%, acidity of 0.16 g oleic acid.100g-1 and peroxides 19.01 meq.kg-1. For the insoluble in ether, no significant values were obtained, besides the difference between the recovered residual clay and virgin clay by the NIR technique. With the results, the acidity values in the purified oil and residual oil remained within the standards, stipulated by the National Health Surveillance Agency (Anvisa), but the peroxide index above the recommend values, showing that the oil was deteriorating. It is concluded that thermally activating the clay from the industrial process together with the residual oil is a good alternative for its reuse, as it contributes to the fact that this material is not lost and possibly incorrectly discarded and halso has advantages over the production of biofuel by acid transesterification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Exact Sciences is the property of Master Editora and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Applied Technology for Agricultural Science / Revista Brasileira de Tecnologia Aplicada nas Ciências Agrárias is the property of Brazilian Journal of Applied Technology for Agricultural Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In machining, the proper selection of cutting fluids result in benefits that vary from superior quality of the machined component to manufacturing cost. In addition, the must have characteristics that do not harm the user and the environment. In this sense, this work evaluates the effects of the vegetable base oil extracted from Carapa Guianensis in the external cylindrical turning process of the ABNT 1020 and 1045 steel grades. Highspeed steel tools were tested under roughing and finishing conditions. In addition to the physico-chemical characterization (dynamic viscosity at 40 °C and pH) of fluid, the chip form, surface finish, tool wear and workpiece temperature were evaluated. After characterization of oil, there were recorded in the dynamic viscosity at 40 °C of 0.11 Pa.s and pH of 2.3. The average roughness recorded were very close to those usually reported in the literature for finishing turning for ABNT 1020 and 1045 steels. It was also observed that the workpiece temperatures were higher when machining the ABNT 1020 steel grade under finishing condition than for other steel and conditions tested. Based on these findings, the andiroba oil delivered the conventional coolant technique demonstrated to be a technically viable alternative to conventional coolants in the turning process of ABNT 1020 and 1045 steels, because of it biodegradability characteristics and to reduce petroleumbased cutting fluids in the machining processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Total hydrogenation of vegetable oils to yield hydrocarbons is an emerging process for production of biofuels. Some researchers have been chosen tristearate as a model compound to represent vegetable oils in the calculations. The first problem is that its thermodynamic data were not available in literature, their values were estimated by using the Joback’s contribution method. Based on the comparison to enthalpy of formation estimated in this work and in Smejkal et al., it was concluded that the chosen method can influence in the result of thermodynamic data. In this work, we realised that the basic thermodynamic analysis of the reaction system was performed presenting some misconceptions and problems which must be better discussed and checked. Calculations were done in classroom and as home-work, then the results have pointed out corrections.

Andiroba, or crabwood (Carapa guianensis), copaiba (Copaifera sp.) and jatropha (Jatropha curcas) oils are studied since they are used for a wide range of purposes, as soaps, candles, medicines, biodiesel, paints, wool spinning, and furniture lustration. Besides, they are also used as insecticides, fungicides, and molluscicides. The objective of this study was to characterize the physical properties of andiroba, copaíba and jatropha oils and to assess their efficiency against fungus of brown and white rot. The oils of andiroba and copaiba came from communities in the municipality of Santarém (state of Pará, Brazil), and the jatropha oil, from Fazenda Tamanduá, municipality of Santa Terezinha (state of Paraíba, Brazil). The physical characteristics (pH, acidity index, viscosity, and density) of the oils were determined, and the toxicity test was carried out in culture medium with brown rot fungi. The enrichment of the oils with iodine (I2) provided higher viscosity. It was found lower density for pure andiroba and copaiba oil than for enriched oil with 5% I2. The addition of iodine in the solutions caused the decrease of pH value in the oils of andiroba and copaiba and the increase of acidity index on andiroba oil. For the assessment of efficiency, oils were tested either pure or enriched with sublimated iodine. For the toxicity test in culture medium, the greatest inhibition in 20 days occurred on the treatment of andiroba with 1% of I2 for Trametes versicolor fungus. For Postia placenta fungus, the highest inhibition was observed on the treatment of andiroba oil with 5% of I2 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of InterfacEHS is the property of Revista InterfacEHS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Os objetivos deste trabalho foram avaliar o perfil de ácidos graxos e o teor de colesterol em mortadelas elaboradas com diferentes óleos vegetais. Nove tratamentos de mortadela foram elaborados com quatro diferentes óleos vegetais (canola, linhaça, oliva e soja), em dois níveis de substituição (50% e 100%). Os ácidos graxos e o teor de colesterol foram separados e identificados por cromatografia gasosa. Houve predominância dos ácidos graxos oleico, linoleico e palmítico. O teor de ácidos graxos saturados foi menor nos produtos que continham óleos vegetais. A relação PUFA/SFA foi menor no tratamento controle, enquanto que o maior valor foi observado no tratamento com 100% de óleo de linhaça. Os teores de colesterol encontrados foram semelhantes entre todos os tratamentos, sendo superior apenas no tratamento contendo 100% de óleo de soja. Logo, exceto o tratamento com 100% de óleo de soja, todos os outros tratamentos com óleos vegetais apresentaram uma melhor qualidade nutricional quando comparados com o controle.The aim of this study was to evaluate the fatty acid profile and the cholesterol content of mortadella prepared with different vegetable oils. Nine treatments were made with four different vegetable oils (canola, linseed, olive and soy) using two substitution levels (50% and 100%). The fatty acids and the cholesterol content were separated and identified by gas chromatography. There was a prevalence of the oleic, linoleic and palmitic fatty acids. The saturated fatty acids were lower in the products with vegetable oils. The PUFA/SFA relation was lower in the control treatment while the higher value was observed in the 100% linseed oil treatment. The cholesterol levels found were similar between all the treatments, but a reduction of these levels were observed in the treatments, being superior only in treatment containing 100% of soybean oil. Thus, except the treatment with 100% of soybean oil, all the other treatments with vegetable oils showed a better nutritional quality in relation to the control treatment.

Biodiesel has been obtained from methanolysis of buriti oil. This biodiesel was added in fossil diesel in order to obtain diesel/biodiesel blends. Thermal analysis of blends were carried on 30-600oC range at rate of 10oC min.-1. Kinetic parameters such as activation energy (Ea), pre-exponential factor (A), Gibbs energy (≠G), enthalpy (≠H) and entropy (≠S) of activation were determined by using Coats–Redfern equation. The Ea, ≠H and ≠G values presented a linear increase with biodiesel amount added in blends. The heat of combustion of diesel/biodiesel blends was determined, and it was observed that the heat of combustion decreased with the addition of biodiesel in diesel/biodiesel blends.O biodiesel foi obtido a partir de metanólise de óleo de buriti. O biodiesel foi adicionado ao diesel fóssil a fim de obter misturas de biodiesel/diesel. Análises térmica das misturas foram realizadas entre 30-600°C com uma taxa de aquecimento de 10ºC min.-1. Parâmetros cinéticos como a energia de ativação (Ea), fator pré-exponencial (A), energia livre de Gibbs (≠G), entalpia (≠H) e entropia de ativação (≠S) foram determinadas usando equação de Coats-Redfern. Os valores de Ea, ≠H and ≠G apresentaram aumento linear com a quantidade de biodiesel adicionado na mistura. O calor de combustão de misturas de biodiesel/diesel foi determinada, e foi observado que o calor de combustão diminuiu com a adição de biodiesel no diesel e nas misturas de biodiesel.

Biodiesel has been obtained from methanolysis of buriti oil. This biodiesel was added in fossil diesel in order to obtain diesel/biodiesel blends. Thermal analysis of blends were carried on 30-600oC range at rate of 10oC min.-1. Kinetic parameters such as activation energy (Ea), pre-exponential factor (A), Gibbs energy (Δ≠G), enthalpy (Δ≠H) and entropy (Δ≠S) of activation were determined by using Coats–Redfern equation. The Ea, Δ≠H and Δ≠G values presented a linear increase with biodiesel amount added in blends. The heat of combustion of diesel/biodiesel blends was determined, and it was observed that the heat of combustion decreased with the addition of biodiesel in diesel/biodiesel blends.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência de óleos vegetais no desenvolvimento corporal e composição do filé de jundiás. Foram testadas seis dietas (32%PB), sendo avaliados óleos de arroz, canola ou soja com 5 ou 10% de inclusão, durante 90 dias. Os peixes (180, peso inicial=71,0±0,8g) foram distribuídos ao acaso em 18 caixas (280L) de um sistema de recirculação de água, com temperatura controlada. Para avaliação de desempenho, estimaram-se variáveis como peso, comprimentos totais, padrão, altura caudal, sobrevivência, taxa de crescimento específico, fator de condição, consumo diário, conversão alimentar aparente e rendimento de partes comestíveis. Além disso, foram avaliadas a composição centesimal e taxas de deposição de proteína e gordura nos filés. Não houve diferenças entre os óleos e os níveis sobre o crescimento dos peixes; entretanto, os jundiás alimentados com 10% de óleo depositaram mais gordura no filé. Conclui-se que os óleos de canola, arroz e soja proporcionam bom crescimento e rendimento de partes comestíveis. As dietas contendo óleo de canola, com 5% de inclusão, possibilitam menor deposição de gordura no filé.The influence of vegetable oils in the body development of jundiá (Rhamdia quelen) and its relationship with the flesh quality were evaluated in the present study. Six diets (32% of crude protein) with rice, canola or soybean oil at 5 or 10% of inclusion were tested, for 90 days. The fishes (180, initial weight=71± 0.8g) were randomly distributed in 18 boxes (280L) in a water re-use system, with controlled temperature. The following parameters were considered for evaluation of fish performance: weight, total and standard length, survival, specific growth rate, condition factor, daily consumption, food conversion ratio, carcass and fillet yield, proximate composition and protein and fat deposition in the filets. There were no differences for the productive parameters among the tested treatments. Fishes fed with higher oil levels in the diets deposited larger fat percentage in the fillet. Canola, rice and soybean oils used as alternatives in diets in rearing of jundiá (Rhamdia quelen) provide good growth and carcass and fillet yield. Diets containing 5% of canola oil lead to a small fat deposition in the fillet of jundiás juveniles.

Esta investigación tuvo como objetivos identificar y cuantificar residuos de los plaguicidas organoclorados (POC) hexaclorobenceno (HCB), lindano, cis-clordano, heptacloro, aldrín, dieldrín, endrín y o,p’-diclorodifeniltricloroetano (o,p’-DDT) en aceites de maíz, soya, girasol y mezclas de aceites, que se expenden en la ciudad de Maracaibo, Venezuela. Se analizaron 30 muestras de 4 tipos de aceites de 10 marcas comerciales. La extracción de residuos de POC se realizó según la técnica de la AOAC. Para la identificación y cuantificación se utilizó un cromatógrafo de gases con detector de captura electrónica (GC-ECD), y para la confirmación, un cromatógrafo de gases acoplado a un espectrómetro de masas (GCMS). Todos los residuos de POC investigados fueron detectados en las muestras analizadas. Se detectaron en mayor concentración (mg/ g) aldrín (0,0088), lindano (0,0054) y o,p’-DDT (0,0035). El análisis estadístico demostró diferencias significativas (PThe present study had as objectives to identify and to quantify organochlorine pesticide residues (OCP) hexachlorobenzene (HCB), lindane, cis-chlordane, heptachlor, aldrín, dieldrín, endrín and o,p’-DDT in vegetable oils of corn, soybean, sunflower and mixtures of oils, sold in the city of Maracaibo, Venezuela. 30 samples of 4 types of vegetable oils of 10 commercial brands were analyzed. The extraction of OCP residues was done according to the Official Method of AOAC. A gas chromatograph with an electronic capture detector (GC-ECD) was used for identification and quantification of OCP residues and confirmation was done with a gas chromatograph coupled with a mass spectrometer (GC-MS). All the OCP residues investigated were detected in the analyzed samples. Aldrin (0.0088), lindane (0.0054) and o,p’-DDT (0.0035) were the OCP residues detected in higher concentrations (mg/g). The statistical analysis showed significant differences (P

A utilização crescente de alimentos rápidos determinou a expansão de uma indústria de produtos fritos e pré-fritos. A compreensão das mudanças que o óleo sofre durante os processos de fritura é importante, pois pode levar à otimização destes processos, e a melhoria da qualidade do óleo de fritura e do produto final. Neste trabalho, objetivou-se determinar os níveis de alteração de diferentes óleos vegetais, girassol, soja e milho, no processo de fritura dos snacks produto cárneo empanado pré-frito congelado. As frituras foram conduzidas em temperatura de 180°C, relação superfície/volume (S/V) de 0,3 cm-1 e tempo total de aquecimento de 12 horas. Nos snacks procederam-se as análises de teor de umidade e lipídios; nos óleos as determinações de compostos polares totais, ácidos graxos livres e índice de peróxidos. Nenhuma análise apresentou alteração acima dos limites recomendados por alguns países. Desta forma, concluiu-se que as condições estabelecidas no processo de fritura são seguras, indicando que todos os óleos foram adequados à fritura, sendo o óleo de milho de maior estabilidade oxidativa.The ever growing utilization of fast food determined the expansion of an industry of pre-fried and fried products. The understanding of the changes that the oil undergoes during the frying processes is outstanding because it may lead to the optimization of such processes as well as to improvements on the quality of both frying oil and the finished product. The purpose of the present study was to determine the alteration levels of different vegetable oils, sunflower, soybean and corn, in the frying process of snacks frozen pre-fried meat coated product. The frying sessions were carried out at 180ºC temperature, 0.3 cm-1surface/volume ratio and 12 hours overall heating time. As for the snacks, the moisture rate and lipids analyses were performed; for the oils, total polar compounds, free fatty acids and peroxide indices were determined. No analysis presented any alteration above the limits recommended by some countries. Therefore, it was concluded that the conditions established in the frying process are safe, suggesting that all of the oils were fit for the frying, being the corn oil the one of the highest oxidative stability.

We studied the transesterification of two vegetable oils: soybean and waste frying oil. The main problem of transesterification is related to the measurement of the ethyl ester content. In this work we used a quick analytical method for assessing the ethyl ester fraction of the purified fuel-grade transesterification products by applying a simple correlation with density. If the ester content is higher than 85% by weight the correlation allows the determination by a single density measurement. This method is suitable for control and determines the ethyl ester quickly and simply.

Objetivou-se com este estudo determinar a influência dos fatores relação superfície/volume (S/V) e tempo de fritura sobre a alteração da mistura azeite de dendê-óleo de soja em frituras descontínuas de batatas chips.Foram realizados dois procedimentos de fritura com relações S/V de 0,5 e 1,0 cm-1 e temperatura média de 180°C. O óleo foi aquecido por um período de 7,25 horas. As amostras obtidas durante o processo de fritura foram analisadas pelas determinações de índice de peróxidos, compostos polares totais, ácidos graxos livres e índice de refração. Todas as determinações analíticas foram influenciadas pelo tempo de fritura, verificando-se aumentos significativos destes parâmetros ao longo do processo de fritura. O fator relação S/V apresentou influência sobre os valores dos índices de peróxidos e de refração. A mistura azeite de dendê-óleo de soja apresentou alteração acima do limite recomendado para óleos de fritura (compostos polares totais > 25%) a partir de 6,25 horas de fritura.The purpose of this study was to determine the factors influence of surface/volume ratio (S/V) and frying time on the alteration to the "dendê" and soybean oil mixture during discontinuous frying of potatoes chips. Two frying procedures with surface/volume ratios (S/V) of 0.5 and 1.0 cm-1 at temperature of 180°C were done. The oil was heated up for 7.25 hours. Oil samples obtained during the frying process were assessed for peroxide value, total polar compounds, free fatty acids and refractive index. All analytical determinations were influenced by frying time, verifying significative increases in the values during frying process. The factor S/V ratio showed influence on the peroxide values and refractive index. "Dendê" and soybean oil mixture showed alteration above the recommended limits for frying oils (total polar compounds > 25%) after 6.25 hours of frying.

The fatty acid profile of the carcass of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings fed diets enriched with different soybean, canola, sunflower, flaxseed, rice, and corn oils was examined. The results showed that palmitic (16:0), stearic (18:0), oleic (18:1n-9), linoleic (18:2 n-6), and linolenic (18:3 n-3) acids were the predominant fatty acids in all vegetable oil, diet, and fish carcass samples analyzed. Flaxseed oil presented the highest amount of linolenic acid (45.63%), while the other vegetable oils had percentages lower than 5.0%. Neither of the vegetable oils used affected the performance of tilapia fingerlings and they can be utilized in Nile tilapia fingerling diets. However, in relation to the carcass fatty acid profile, the use of flaxseed oil in Nile tilapia fingerling diet is recommended. Foram examinados o perfil de ácidos graxos nas carcaças de alevinos de tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) alimentados com dietas enriquecidas com diferentes óleos vegetais (soja, canola, girassol, linhaça, arroz e milho). Os resultados indicaram que o ácido palmítico (16:0), esteárico (18:0), oléico (18:1n-9), linoleico (18;2n-6) e linolênico (18:3n-3) foram os ácidos predominantes em todas as frações analisadas (no óleo vegetal, dietas e carcaças dos peixes). O óleo de linhaça apresentou o maior valor de ácido linolênico (45,63%), quanto aos outros óleos vegetais tiveram uma percentagem menor que 5,0%. Todos os óleos vegetais não afetaram a performance dos alevinos e podem ser utilizados nas dietas, entretanto, em relação a qualidade nutricional o uso do óleo de linhaça é recomendado em dietas de alevinos de tilápia.

This study analyzed the elasticity of price transmission in the soybean oil market for palm oil, sunflower and canola from October 1997 to September 2016. From the concepts of the theories of the relevant market and market integration, it were estimated an error-correction models (VEC) for palm, sunflower and canola oils. The results showed that in the long term, the markets palm, sunflower and colza oils are integrated with that of soybean oil, thus being substitutes. The impulse response functions indicated that unanticipated changes in soybean oil prices are not dissipated for other vegetable oils. The decomposition of the variance of the palm, sunflower and canola oils showed that in the last analyzed month, soybean oil accounted for 62.36%, 55.12% and 44.76% of their prices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objetivou-se com este trabalho conhecer a influência dos tipos de óleos e tempos de fritura na perda de umidade e absorção de óleo em batatas fritas. Os experimentos foram conduzidos com frituras de batatas empregando óleos de girassol, milho e soja, submetidos em diferentes tempos, à temperatura de 175ºC. Amostras de batatas fritas foram analisadas por meio das determinações de umidade e teor lipídico, após primeira, quinta, décima e décima-quinta fritura. Análise de variância e teste de Tukey foram aplicados aos dados experimentais a níveis de 1 e 5% de significância. Verificou-se que batatas quando fritas em óleo de soja absorveram menor quantidade de óleo, diferindo significativamente daquelas fritas nos demais óleos estudados, além de ter obtido maior teor de umidade ao longo de todo o processo. No entanto, para o teor lipídico, batatas fritas em óleos de girassol e milho não diferiram significativamente entre si.The objective of this study was to determine the influence of the oil type and the frying time on oil absorption and moisture loss by potato chips. Sliced potatoes were fried in sunflower, corn or soybean oils, at 175ºC, for 10 minutes and different times. Samples of potatoes were analyzed for moisture and lipid contents after 1, 5, 10 and 15 fryings. Analysis of variance and Tukey test were applied to the experimental data at 1 and 5% level of significance. It was verified that the soybean oil resulted in smaller absorption by the potatoes, in comparison with the other oils studied, and higher moisture contents in the fried potatoes. Regarding lipid contents, potato chips fried in sunflower and corn oils didn't differ significantly.

The aim of this study is to determine the influence of frying time on the alterations of sunflower, corn and soybean oils during deep fat frying of potato chips. The analytical methods used to evaluate the oil alterations are: free fatty acids, peroxide value, refractive index and total polar compounds. An increase of free fatty acids, refractive index and total polar compounds with frying time were observed. The different behaviors observed for the three vegetables oils can be explained by the differences in the initial composition and quality of them.

Objetivando avaliar a utilização de óleos vegetais de diferentes origens em rações no desempenho e características de carcaça do escargot francês “gros gris” (Helix aspersa maxima), 240 animais com peso inicial médio de 0,11g, foram distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com seis tratamentos e quatro repetições com dez animais cada, em aquários de 12L. As rações foram formuladas de forma a diferirem quanto ao emprego (3 % da ração) dos óleos de soja, canola, girassol, linhaça, arroz e milho. Os valores médios de peso final, conversão alimentar, taxa de eficiência protéica, rendimento de carcaça, percentagem de concha e taxa de sobrevivência dos animais alimentados com as rações com os diferentes óleos não diferiram (p>0,01) entre si. Os teores de umidade, cinza, proteína bruta e lipídeos totais e a relação ácidos graxos poliinsaturados/ácidos graxos saturados da porção comestível dos animais submetidos as diferentes rações não foram influenciados (p>0,05). Entretanto, os animais que receberam dieta com óleo de linhaça apresentaram o melhor (p0,05) nos teores de umidade e cinza das conchas dos animais submetidos às diferentes rações. Por outro lado, os animais que receberam óleo de linhaça tiveram concha com menor (pAiming to evaluate the use of different vegetable oil sources on performance and carcass characteristics of “gros gris” (Helix aspersa maxima) diets, two hundred forty snails with initial average weight of 0.11g samples were distributed in an entirely randomized design with six treatments and four replications in twelve-liter aquaria. The diets were formulated to have differences on soybean, canola, sunflower, linseed, rice and corn oil inclusion at 3% of the diet. The average final weight, feed conversion, protein efficiency rate, carcass yields, percentage of shell and survival rates were not affected (p>0.01) by the use of different oils. The moisture, ash, crud protein and fat contents and the polyunsaturated fatty acids/saturated fatty acids (PUAF/SAF) relation of the comestible part of the animal that were fed with different diets was not affected (p>0.05). Therefore, the animals that received diets with linseed oil showed the best w6/ w3 relation than that one fed with diets with sunflower and corn oils. No differences were observed (p>0.05) in the shell moisture and ash contents of the animals fed with the different diets. By other hand the animals fed with linseed oil had lower shell crud protein contents in relation to the ones fed diets with soybean oil. It was concluded that all the oils can be used on Helix aspersa maxima diets in growth phase; however, the linseed oil promotes better w6/w3 relation than the sunflower and corn oils in the comestible part f this animal.