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Objective. To determine the prevalence of HIV in women with (pre)cancerous cervical lesions in Suriname and their retention in care. Methods. A retrospective population study including all women diagnosed with (pre)invasive cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN I to III or cervical cancer) in the only pathology department, during 2010–2020. The HIV test coverage and the HIV positivity ratio were determined through matching pathology data with the national HIV test database. The relation between retention in HIV care up to 2022 and different covariates was determined through Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and log-rank tests. Results. There were 2 901 (1 395 CIN I, 396 CIN II, 444 CIN III, and 666 cervical cancer) diagnoses of (pre)invasive cervical neoplasia. An overall HIV test coverage of 57.5% and a positivity ratio of 5.8% were found, with no difference among the (pre)cancer stages. The undiagnosed prevalence (women not previously known HIV-positive at cervical diagnosis) was 1.6% and 2.9% among precancer and cancer diagnoses, respectively. The median time in care of women with cervical cancer was 8 months for those not on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and 4 years for those starting ART. Among women with precancer stages this was 5 and 10 years, respectively (p < 0.05). Conclusions. HIV testing, followed by treatment initiation when found HIV-positive, should be prioritized in women diagnosed with cervical neoplasia. This will enhance the individual clinical outcomes and facilitate the control of the HIV epidemic in Suriname.

Objective. To compare the adequacy, agreement, and acceptability of Papanicolaou testing (cytology) for cervical cancer screening using self-collected samples compared to physician-collected samples in Grenada in the Caribbean. Furthermore, the study identifies the human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes present among asymptomatic women testing positive for HPV, the etiologic cause of cervical cancer. Methods. Participants were divided into two groups and two cervical samples were collected from the women in each group: a self-collected sample and a physician-collected sample. Cervical specimens were tested for cytology and HPV. HPV genotyping was performed on positive specimens. Results. Self-collected samples were adequate and in agreement with physician-collected samples, showing no difference between the two sampling methods. Oncogenic high-risk HPV genotypes were identified in cervical samples which were positive for atypical squamous cells and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. The high-risk HPV genotypes found, notably HPV 45 and 53, differed from those most commonly reported. Although the commonly reported high-risk genotypes HPV 16 and 18 were found, so were 31, 33, 35, 52, 66, 68, and 82. Conclusions. Using self-collection facilitated the discovery of unexpected HPV genotypes among asymptomatic women in Grenada. These findings add new information to the literature regarding cervical cancer and neoplasia screening and HPV genotypes in the Caribbean. This genotype information may impact surveillance of women with low-grade lesions, HPV vaccine selection, and possibly further vaccine research. Research regarding HPV in Caribbean pathology samples of cervical neoplasia and cancer is needed.

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the role of being human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive for predicting the risk of recurrence in women with a cervical high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) diagnosis. Methods: Retrospective observational case-control study, comprising HIV positive (case) and HIV negative (control) women in a 1:4 ratio. Women assisted by the Erasto Gaertner Hospital, between 2009-2018, with cervical HSIL diagnosis, submitted to treatment by Loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP), and with a minimum follow-up of 18 months, were included. The immunological status, number and time to recurrence were analyzed, with p

Abstract Background: Cervical cancer (CC) is associated with persistent high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and it causes about 265,000 deaths per year worldwide, thus becoming an important public health problem. Objective: This study aimed to describe the epidemiological profile, clinical history, and cytological findings of 55 women infected with HPV living in remote areas in Amazonas, Brazil. Method: The samples were obtained by self-collection using the Rovers® Evalyn® Brush for HPV detection through PCR. The cytological examination was performed by liquid-based cytology. Results: The mean age of participants was 35 years (SD=14). Most of the women presented low or no schooling (52.7%), lived in stable relationship with a partner (74.5%), and had three to five children (32.7%). Inconsistent use of condoms by most of the participants (“never” — 34.5% and “sometimes” — 41.8%) was observed. Cytopathological examinations showed that 14 (25.4%) women had cytological alterations: 7 atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (50.0%), 5 low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (35.7%), and 2 high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (14.3%). Conclusion: As cervical lesions have been caused by persistent HPV infection over the years, CC Prevention Programs use effective strategies to follow up on HPV-positive women living in remote areas.

Abstract Objective: To describe Top-hat results and their association with margin status and disease relapse in a referral facility in Brazil. Methods: A retrospective study of 440 women submitted to LEEP to treat HSIL, in which 80 cases were complemented immediately by the top hat procedure (Top-hat Group - TH). TH Group was compared to women not submitted to Top-hat (NTH). The sample by convenience included all women that underwent LEEP from January 2017 to July 2020. The main outcome was the histological result. Other variables were margins, age, transformation zone (TZ), depth, and relapse. The analysis used the Chi-square test and logistic regression. Results: The TH Group was predominantly 40 and older (NTH 23.1% vs. TH 65.0%, p

Abstract Objective To compare cytological and histological results from women > 64 years old who followed the Brazilian national cervical cancer screening guidelines with those who did not. Methods The present observational retrospective study analyzed 207 abnormal cervical smear results from women > 64 years old in a mid-sized city in Brazil over 14 years. All results were reported according to the Bethesda System. The women were divided into those who followed the screening guidelines and those who did not. Results Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion cytology results were found in 128 (62.2%) cases. Of these, 112 (87.5%) had repeated cytology with positive results. The other 79 (38.1%) with abnormal results should have been referred to colposcopy and biopsy. Out of 41 (51.9%) biopsied women, 23 (29.1%) had a confirmed diagnosis of neoplasia or precursor lesion. In contrast, among the 78 (37.7%) biopsied patients, 40 (51.3%) followed the guideline recommendations, with 9 (22.5%) positive biopsies. Of the 38 (48.7%) women who did not follow the guidelines, there were 24 (63.1%) positive results. Women who did not follow the guidelines demonstrated higher chances of cancer and precursor lesions (odds ratio [OR]: 5.904; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.188–15.932; p = 0.0002). Conclusion Women > 64 years old who did not follow the national screening protocol showed significant differences in the frequency of abnormal results and severity of diagnosis compared with those who followed the protocol.

Abstract Objective The present study aims to establish a risk profile for high-grade cervical lesions and cervical cancer (CIN2 + ) in women undergoing colposcopy at the Hospital do Câncer de Barretos, through the analysis of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection, cervical cytology, and patient's age. Methods Retrospective cross-sectional study based on a computerized database of women aged ≥ 18 years old who underwent colposcopy at the Prevention Department of the Hospital do Câncer de Barretos from 2017 to 2019. Results A total of 3,411 women were included, 58.0% were positive for high-risk-HPV test, with a higher prevalence of CIN2+ for HPV16 (30.3%) and other HPV (45.0%). Cytological findings that suggest invasive cervical cancer (squamous cells or adenocarcinoma), regardless of the status of HPV test, showed 100% diagnosis of CIN2 + , while atypias that suggest high-grade lesions, HSIL and ASC-H, positive for HPV test, showed in 86 and 55.2%, respectively, diagnosis of CIN2 + . ASC-H cytological results among women aged > 40 years old and negative HPV were mainly associated with benign findings. We observed that ≤ CIN1 has a higher prevalence among older women with negative HPV, while for high-grade lesions there is an increase among young women HPV16- and/or 18-positive. In cancer diagnosis, we observed a predominance of HPV 16/18 regardless of the age group. Conclusion The highest risks of precursor lesions and cervical cancer were found among women with positive HPV 16/18 tests and severe cytological atypia in population screening tests. In addition, cytological findings of ASC-H HPV negative in women > 40 years old usually represent benign findings in histological investigation.

Objective: To identify how the breast and cervical cancer prevention and screening practices performed by nurses working in Primary Health Care in the state of Rio Grande do Sul occurs. Methods: This is a qualitative study with an analytical and comprehensive nature. The collaborators were 58 nurses working in Primary Health Care. Results: The results indicate that the practices are developed in a context of increasing professional autonomy and the role of Nursing. Aspects such as proximity and bonding with the community, other procedures and actions offered in the consultations, including clinical/therapeutic management in cases of signs and symptoms of infection, are consistent with a broader attention to women's health and care needs. Conclusion: The study highlights the importance of supporting protocols for the safe performance of Primary Care nurses' practices, aiming at the prevention and screening of breast and cervical cancer. These documents must be easily accessible and constantly updated in order to guarantee the standardization recommended by the Ministry of Health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cervical cancer (CC) remains a major cause of death in the poorest regions of the world. Objective: To analyze trends in relative distribution of CC deaths occurred in extreme poverty municipalities, Brazil, from 2000 to 2018. Method: The relative distribution of CC deaths occurred in extreme poverty municipalities was evaluated in relation to total number of CC deaths observed in each Federative Unit (FU). An autoregressive modeling was used to assess the temporal trends in the death distribution, 2000-2018. Results: From 2000 to 2018, there were 94,065 CC deaths, and 10.7% of them were recorded in extreme poverty municipalities. There were six states (Amazonas, Roraima, Pará, Amapá, Tocantins, and Mato Grosso do Sul) with 100.0% of extreme poverty municipalities reporting the occurrence of these deaths. The trends of death distribution in extreme poverty municipalities in relation to the total of deaths in each FU followed in increasing trends in eleven Brazilian FU. Conclusions: CC is a disease prioritized by public policies in Brazil, and the trends of these deaths observed in the poorest municipalities point out that more attention should be given to these units of analysis, in order to improve the health of the poorest people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Abstract Objective To evaluate the accuracy and patient acceptability toward self-sampling using a new device - SelfCervix® - for detecting HPV-DNA. Methods A total of 73 women aged 25–65 who underwent regular cervical cancer screening from March to October 2016 were included. Women performed self-sampling followed by a physician-sampling, and the samples were analyzed for HPV-DNA. After that, patients were surveyed about their acceptability of self-sampling. Results HPV-DNA detection rate of self-sampling presented high accuracy and was similar to physician-collection. Sixty-four (87.7%) patients answered the acceptability survey. Most patients (89%) considered the self-sampling comfortable, and 82.5% preferred self-sampling to physician-sampling. The reasons cited were time-saving and convenience. Fifty-one (79.7%) reported that they would recommend self-sampling. Conclusion Self-sampling using the new Brazilian device SelfCervix® is not inferior in HPV-DNA detection rate compared with physician-collection, and patients are supportive of the method. Therefore, it might be an option to reach under-screened populations in Brazil.

Objective. To identify the 2022 recommendations made by ministries of health in the 13 countries and areas of South America for human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and cervical cancer screening. Methods. A systematic review of scientific literature and official documents was conducted between July 7 and October 17, 2022. The review included an initial search on official websites (e.g. ministries of health, national cancer institutes and health departments) of South American countries to identify current guidelines or recommendations for HPV vaccination and cervical cancer screening. Results. Recommendations for HPV vaccination were found for 11 countries, with the exceptions of French Guiana and the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. Recommendations were found for cervical cancer screening in official documents from 11 countries, with the exceptions of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, where one article was found that was not an official recommendation, and Suriname, for which no documents were found on websites or in other publications. A total of 12 countries use cytology to screen for cervical cancer. Four countries (Bolivia [Plurinational State of], Colombia, Guyana and Peru) use visual inspection with acetic acid and the screen-and-treat strategy. Six countries (Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay and Peru) are transitioning from cytology to HPV testing. Conclusions. No documents were found about a national HPV vaccination program in French Guiana and Venezuela, and no official guidelines for cervical cancer screening were found for Suriname and Venezuela; thus, it will be difficult to eliminate this public health problem in these countries. Countries in South America must update their guidelines for HPV vaccination and cervical cancer screening as new evidence emerges. Official websites with information about HPV vaccination and cervical cancer screening are important sources that can be accessed by health professionals and the population.

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate recurrence rates and risk factors among women with stage IA1 cervical cancer without lymph vascular space invasion managed conservatively. Methods: retrospective review of women with stage IA1 squamous cervical cancer who underwent cold knife cone or loop electrosurgical excision procedure, between 1994 and 2015, at a gynecologic oncology center in Southern Brazil. Age at diagnosis, pre-conization findings, conization method, margin status, residual disease, recurrence and survival rates were collected and analyzed. Results: 26 women diagnosed with stage IA1 squamous cervical cancer without lymphovascular space invasion underwent conservative management and had at least 12 months follow-up. The mean follow-up was 44.6 months. The mean age at diagnosis was 40.9 years. Median first intercourse occurred at age 16 years, 11.5% were nulliparous and 30.8% were current or past tobacco smokers. There was one Human immunodeficiency virus positive patient diagnosed with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 at 30 months after surgery. However, there were no patients diagnosed with recurrent invasive cervical cancer and there were no deaths due to cervical cancer or other causes in the cohort. Conclusion: Excellent outcomes were noted in women with stage IA1 cervical cancer without lymphovascular space invasion and with negative margins who were managed conservatively, even in a developing country.

Introduction: Primary cervical melanoma is a rare and often challenging diagnosis, particularly in the presence of amelanotic lesions, where confirmation should be made through immunohistochemical methods. Despite aggressive treatment, the prognosis for this disease is typically poor. Case Report: A 79-year-old woman with a history of vaginal bleeding from a malignant cervical lesion. Initially, colposcopy examination revealed an ulcerated lesion of the exocervix, and biopsy confirmed a malignant neoplasm. However, following a radical abdominal hysterectomy, histopathological examination displayed a malignant epithelioid neoplasm, confirmed a malignant melanoma of the cervix through immunohistochemical assays. The patient received adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy, but eventually experienced recurrence and died. Conclusion: The present report assesses a patient with an uncommon diagnosis of cervical melanoma, which, despite aggressive treatment, had an unfavorable outcome. However, thorough skin surveillance should be performed to correctly diagnose it as primary.

Copyright of Arquivos de Ciências da Saúde da UNIPAR is the property of Associacao Paranaense de Ensino e Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

It is known that the presence of HPV is closely related to the development of cervical intraepithelial lesions. In order to identify the viral presence in the organism, the search for DNA-HPV is used through the hybrid capture test. The objective of the study was to evaluate findings from hybrid captures and compare them with the results of the anatomopathological examination of women with cervical lesions at a diagnostic pathology medical center. Secondary data were used through the analysis of reports of positive hybrid capture for HPV, and the anatomopathological examination suggestive of cervical intraepithelial lesion. The mean age of patients treated was 30.14 years, and women with high-grade lesions had a higher mean age. As for the anatomopathological examination, most women had lowgrade lesions. High-risk HPV was more prevalent both in women with low-grade and high-grade lesions. The sensitivity of the hybrid capture was 62.2%, specificity 28.9% and negative predictive value 63.2%. The results obtained were lower than those in the literature, but they corroborate current guidelines. The study suggests that hybrid capture be used as an auxiliary method for the diagnosis and follow-up of women with cervical injuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Objectives: to identify, map and describe characteristics of educational interventions for cervical cancer prevention in adult women. Methods: a scoping review conducted on eleven databases and the gray literature, including studies that described educational interventions aimed at preventing cervical cancer in adult women. Results: thirty-three articles with 151,457 participants were analyzed. The most used educational strategies were participatory discussions and educational leaflets. Most of the interventions took place in a single session, ranging from 40 to 60 minutes. The most used theoretical model in interventions to improve women’s compliance with Pap smear was the Health Belief Model. Conclusions: group discussions, lectures and educational brochures can increase knowledge and reduce barriers to cervical cancer prevention. Theory-based and culturally sensitive interventions can have a positive impact on women’s health.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVES To identify the possible causes of low adherence to vaccination campaigns in Brazil, find and analyze campaigns regarding human papillomavirus (HPV) in Brazil and abroad, and apply quality tools to prepare proposals to increase vaccination coverage (VC) and prevent HPV in the country. METHOD This is a qualitative and deductive-hypothetical research. A narrative review of the literature (especially on the narratives and formats applied in vaccination campaigns in Brazil) was the technique used to develop our method. RESULTS Brazil had a 49.6% VC in 2019, unlike countries such as Australia (80.2% in 2017), Mexico (97.5% in 2019), and Peru (91% in 2019). This study found evidence of the use of social marketing strategies to engage communities as good practices in the vaccination campaigns of these countries. CONCLUSION With the retrieved information, three quality tools (Ishikawa diagram, Pareto graph, and 5W2H) classified and quantified the causes of low VC in Brazil and enabled proposals that can direct its Ministry of Health to take more effective strategies to achieve the HPV VC goal recommended by the WHO.

ABSTRACT Objectives: to evaluate the effect of guided imagery relaxation through virtual reality on anxiety in women with cervical cancer undergoing radiochemotherapy. Methods: randomized, non-blinded, single-center clinical trial conducted at a cancer reference hospital. 52 women participated, with randomized allocation of 24 in the control group and 28 in the experimental group (12 sessions of guided imagery relaxation through virtual reality, applied three times a week). The outcome was evaluated using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and statistical analysis was performed using the Generalized Linear Mixed Model. Results: n the experimental group, women presented significant anxiety traits (p=0.010) before the intervention. Between the 4th and 12th week of follow-up, there was a reduction in anxiety levels, without statistical significance. Conclusions: guided imagery relaxation through virtual reality provided evidence of anxiety reduction in women with cervical cancer undergoing radiochemotherapy and may contribute to clinical practice. Brazilian Clinical Trial Registry: RBR-7ssvytb.

To report the experience of producing Educational Resources as a requirement of a discipline offered by the Professional Master's Program in Teaching in Health and Technology. Methodology: this is a descriptive study of the experience report type with a qualitative approach, resulting from the production of the subject of Educational Resources of the Professional Master's Degree in Teaching in Health and Technology, from a Public University of Alagoas. Results: the educational resources in health described in this report are part of the construction requested throughout the course of the professional master's degree. Three educational products were developed with the aim of informing health professionals and users about the prevention, protection and diagnosis of the HPV virus: an educational video, an interactive manual and a string leaflet. For the construction of these products, the CTM3 method was used, exploring the tools: transactional analysis, neurolinguistics and sensory exploration. The three educational products have an educational, playful and dynamic character and are easy to understand. Conclusion: the subject of educational resources provides an understanding of the need for planning and methodical construction of information and teaching technologies for the effective dissemination of knowledge and relevant information related to health care, in this case cervical cancer, which has as its main cause is the HPV virus, occupying the third place of involvement in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To document Grenadian women’s knowledge about cervical cancer and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, as well as their attitudes towards primary cervical cancer screening methods. Methods. In this qualitative study, we used focus groups in Grenada to gather information concerning women’s knowledge about, attitudes towards and perceptions of screening for cervical cancer and general knowledge about HPV. Ten focus groups comprising 73 participants representing 5 of the 6 parishes in Grenada were conducted with women aged 19–59. Participants were asked about pelvic exams, Pap smears, HPV, reasons for seeking or avoiding cervical cancer screening and how different modalities of testing might affect their decision-making. Responses were then coded and organized into common themes. Results. While many respondents had heard of HPV, far fewer knew about its causative role in cervical cancer, how to prevent HPV infection or testing for the high-risk HPV types that cause almost all cases of cervical cancer. Many participants were aware that cervical cancer screening was beneficial, but numerous barriers to obtaining that screening were noted, including concerns about privacy and stigma, potential discomfort, and the cost and inconvenience involved. Conclusions. Our findings have implications for future cervical cancer screening efforts in Grenada. Central to these efforts should be a focus on educating Grenadians about the role of HPV infection in cervical cancer and the importance of early detection through screening. In addition, addressing issues of stigma and privacy are key to eliminating cervical cancer in Grenada.

Abstract Objective This systematic review aims at describing the prevalence of urinary and sexual symptoms among women who underwent a hysterectomy for cervical cancer. Methods A systematic search in six electronic databases was performed, in September 2019, by two researchers. The text search was limited to the investigation of prevalence or occurrence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and sexual dysfunctions in women who underwent a hysterectomy for cervical cancer. For search strategies, specific combinations of terms were used. Results A total of 8 studies, published between 2010 and 2018, were included in the sample. The average age of the participants ranged from 40 to 56 years, and the dysfunctions predominantly investigated in the articles were urinary symptoms (n= 8). The rates of urinary incontinence due to radical abdominal hysterectomy ranged from 7 to 31%. The same dysfunction related to laparoscopic radical hysterectomy varied from 25 to 35% and to laparoscopic nerve sparing radical hysterectomy varied from 25 to 47%. Nocturia ranged from 13%, before treatment, to 30%, after radical hysterectomy. The prevalence rates of dyspareunia related to laparoscopic radical hysterectomy and laparoscopic nerve sparing radical hysterectomy ranged from 5 to 16% and 7 to 19% respectively. The difficulty in having orgasm was related to laparoscopic radical hysterectomy (10 to 14%) and laparoscopic nerve sparing radical hysterectomy (9 to 19%). Conclusion Urinary and sexual dysfunctions after radical hysterectomy to treat cervical cancer are frequent events. The main reported disorders were urinary incontinence and dyspareunia.

Copyright of Enfermagem Brasil is the property of Atlantica Editora and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ABSTRACT Objective: To estimate prevalence, assess trends and identify factors associated with non-performance of Pap smears among postpartum women residing in Rio Grande, Southern Brazil. Methods: Between 01/01 and 12/31 of 2007, 2010, 2013, 2016 and 2019, previously trained interviewers applied a single standardized questionnaire at the hospital to all postpartum women residing in this municipality. It was investigated from the planning of pregnancy to the immediate postpartum period. The outcome consisted of not performing a Pap smear in the last three years. The chi-square test was used to compare proportions and assess trends, and Poisson regression with robust variance adjustment in the multivariate analysis. The measure of effect was the prevalence ratio (PR). Results: Although 80% of the 12,415 study participants had performed at least six prenatal consultations, 43.0% (95%CI 42.1–43.9%) had not been screened in the period. This proportion ranged from 64.0% (62.1–65.8%) to 27.9% (26.1–29.6%). The adjusted analysis showed a higher PR for not performing Pap smears among younger puerperal women, living without a partner, with black skin color, lower schooling, and family income, who did not have paid work during pregnancy or planned pregnancy, who attended fewer prenatal consultations. smoked during pregnancy and were not being treated for any illness. Conclusion: Despite the improvement in coverage, the observed rate of non-performance of Pap smears is still high. Women most likely to have cervical cancer were those who had the highest PR for not having this test.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the HPV vaccine coverage in adolescents and young adults relatives of women with cervical cancer. METHOD: A Prospective study held in the oncology department at a tertiary referral Hospital, using an adapted form. RESULTS: Epidemiological data were collected from 102 women with CC and 59 family members between 9-21 years. The degree of kinship between these young woman and cancer patients treated at the Hospital in the study was daughter (56%), sister (3%), niece (22%) and granddaughter (19%). Most of these girls (81%) were instructed to carry out HPV prevention, with the school (39%) being the main responsible for promoting vaccination. Regarding the reasons for not performing the immunization, the lack of information about the vaccine was the most mentioned (63%). When asking the girls relatives if they would vaccinate their daughters, 17% said they would not and none of these relatives knew the function of the vaccine. CONCLUSION: despite advances in HPV vaccination programs, there is still a great deal of misinformation about the topic in the population, especially among family members of the target audience. The school was identified as the protagonist in access to information and can be used as a means of access to the vaccine for young women and information for their families.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze the trends of cervical cancer mortality in Brazilian Southeastern states, and to compare them to Brazil and other regions between 1980 and 2020. METHODS Time series study based on data from the Sistema de Informações de Mortalidade (Brazilian Mortality Information System). Death data were corrected by proportional redistribution of deaths from ill-defined causes and cervical cancer of unspecified portion. Age-standardized and age-specific rates were calculated by screening target (25–39 years; 40–64 years) and non-target (65 years or older) age groups. Annual percentage changes (APC) were estimated by linear regression model with breakpoints. The coverage of Pap Smear exam in the Unified Health System (SUS) was evaluated between 2009 and 2020 according to age group and locality. RESULTS There were increases in corrected mortality rates both in 1980 and in 2020 in all regions, with most evident increments at the beginning of the series. There was a decrease in mortality nationwide between 1980–2020; however, the state of São Paulo showed a discrete upward trend in 2014–2020 (APC=1.237; 95%CI 0.046–2.443). Noteworthy is the trend increment in the 25–39 year-old group in all study localities, being sharper in the Southeast region in 2013–2020 (APC=5.072; 95%CI 3.971–6.185). Screening coverage rates were highest in São Paulo and lowest in Rio de Janeiro, with a consistent decline from 2012 onwards at all ages. CONCLUSIONS São Paulo is the first Brazilian state to show a reversal trend in mortality from cervical cancer. The changes in mortality patterns identified in this study point to the need for reorganization of the current screening program, which should be improved to ensure high coverage, quality, and adequate follow-up of all women with altered test results.

Introduction: Mind-body therapies, such as guided imagery relaxation, which are among the main integrative practices used by cancer patients, are essential for maintaining a healthy balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic arousal in the brain. Objective: To evaluate the effect of guided image relaxation, with the use of virtual reality, on the health-related quality of life of women with cervical cancer undergoing concomitant treatment with chemoradiotherapy. Materials and Method: A quasi-experimental study, carried out in an oncology referral hospital in southern Brazil, from October 2019 to January 2021. 52 women participated, divided into two groups, experimental (relaxation intervention guided by imagery with virtual reality), and control (default routine). The Functional instrument was used to assess health-related quality of life scores. Assessment of Cancer therapy cervix cancer, applied before, 14 days after and at the end of treatment, in approximately 35 days. The analyzes were performed using the mixed generalized linear model, with an autoregressive covariance matrix of order 1, and the significance was confirmed by the Sidak test. Results: There was a statistically significant difference for the experimental group in the physical (p =0.02), functional (p =0.00), specific symptoms of cervical cancer and treatment effects (p =0.03) and overall quality of life (p =0.02). Conclusion: Guided Image Relaxation contributed to an improvement in the Health-Related Quality of Life of patients with cervical cancer during treatment with chemoradiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Espaço Para a Saúde is the property of Faculdades Pequeno Principe and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Atencao Primaria a Saude is the property of Revista de Atencao Primaria a Saude and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cadernos de Saude Publica is the property of Escola Nacional de Saude Publica Sergio Arouca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: to analyze and predict cervical cancer incidence and mortality rates, using time series models. Method: ecological study of a historical series, with a secondary base, carried out in Greater Cuiabá. The incidence data referred to the population based cancer registry (2000 to 2012), and mortality data (1981 to 2018), obtained from the Mortality Information System. Data were analyzed by Arima and Holt models. Results: in the series of incidence rate of carcinoma in situ, the appropriate model was AR (1), whose estimated projections (2013-2014) fluctuated between 15,54 and 16,45 per 100.000 women. In the invasive cervix rate series (Holt model) the forecasts (2013-2014), with values between 11,28 to 8,9 per 100.000 women. In the mortality rate, a satisfactory model was ARMA (1,1), whose forecasts (2019-2020) fluctuated between 9,46 and 9,62 per 100.000 women. Conclusion: in the three cases, the predicted rates showed levels close to those observed, indicating that the models allowed estimating and predicting adequately. It was also possible to observe a slight increase in in situ cancer and a decline in the incidence of invasive cancer, in mortality, showing stability in results and predictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The northern Brazil has the highest rates of incidence and mortality from cervical cancer (CC), a 100% curable pathology if diagnosed early. Objective: This study aims at a temporo-spatial analysis of the adherence to the screening test for CC and the number of pregnant women monitored by health agents at home, in the state of Tocantins. Method: Data searched on the DATASUS platform covering a 15-year period (2001 to 2015) and organized on Excel spreadsheets. The spatial assessment was performed through geoprocessing tools, such as the Quantum GIS program, to generate thematic maps. Results: The results revealed that despite the CC prevention programs, women's adherence to the exam is still far below the expected for the state. In turn, most municipalities registered averages above expectations concerning pregnant women monitoring. Conclusion: The study indicates the need to adopt new measures to improve the adherence to the CC preventive exam since educational campaigns have not been effective enough. Pregnant women monitoring should be assessed in terms of quality and not just of quantity to provide better guidance and care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cadernos de Saude Publica is the property of Escola Nacional de Saude Publica Sergio Arouca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the fourth leading factor in cancer mortality in women in Brazil and has been a target of the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS for short, in Portuguese) vaccination campaigns since 2014. This study aimed to expose possible impacts of the campaigns and understand the reasons affecting adherence to the program by a comparative analysis of the North and Southeast regions of Brazil. Methods: The study was conducted between January 2020 and September 2021 and analyzed data from the DATASUS-MS database, comparing the North and Southeast regions of Brazil. These regions were chosen based on data on the incidence of cervical cancer, as well as on socioeconomic data that highlight inequalities within the country. Results: The HPV vaccination coverage target was 80% (4.16 million) with a complete vaccination schedule. In 2014, adherence between the first and second doses dropped by 57% (188.164/331.230) in the North region and 73.5% (1.126.376/1.530.557) in the Southeast region. From 2014 to 2018, the number of preventive gynecological examinations in girls up to 14 years of age increased by 193% (933/318) in the North region and 12.4% (3793/3374) in the Southeast region. Conclusion: Neither of the regions reached the vaccination coverage target. However, we can infer that the campaign encouraged individuals to seek gynecological care. It is necessary to extend the reach of public health care and to contextualize and tailor the campaign to the specific social groups, thus ensuring the protection of more girls and women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Nursing & Health is the property of Journal of Nursing & Health (JONAH) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a huge concern in public and private health. The prevention of this condition is the combination of the use of Papanicolaou smear test, condoms and HPV vaccines. Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, is the first Brazilian municipality to implement in September 2010 the quadrivalent HPV vaccine (Gardasil®) for girls in the age group of 11–15 years, in a hybrid strategy of vaccination (schools and health centers). In 2014, the vaccination was started also for boys, at the same time that the Ministry of Health introduced it for girls. Objective: The aim of the study was to analyze the trends in reduction of low-grade cervical abnormalities five years after the introduction of the quadrivalent HPV vaccine in this municipality (primary outcome). Furthermore, this study evaluated the relative risk (RR) of each of the groups studied, in order to explain the protective effect of the vaccine (secondary outcome). Methods: The ecological analysis evaluated the impact of HPV vaccination as a protective factor against low risk of HPV abnormalities. Results of the Pap smear test obtained from the Brazilian Ministry of Health’s Sistema de Informação do Câncer do Colo do Útero (SISCOLO) were categorized in low-grade abnormalities (LGA) and high-grade abnormalities (HGA). This preliminary study focused in LGA rates, which were estimated for a 1-month period and then stratified by four age groups (30 years) from 2007 to 2014. A quantitative comparison of LGA temporal trends before and after vaccination was done with Quasi-Poisson regression analysis. The protective effect of the vaccine over time was evaluated by calculating the RR in each age group. Results: The study showed significant decrease of more than 60% in LGA in women

Introduction: Cervical cancer is currently the third malignancy on number of female deaths in the world. Persistent HPV infection is the main agent involved in cervical cancer development, particularly of high risk (HR) HPV types 16 and 18, accountable for approximately 75% of cervical cancer cases. These aspect has increased demand for HPV detection molecular tests. Objectives: To summarise and update the current knowledge on HPV and cervical cancer screening techniques and, also, discuss HPV-related data and screening techniques in Brazil. Methods: We include articles published in the past 10 years, both in English and Portuguese. Scientific search engines as Scopus, Cochrane Library and Pubmed were used for the terms “cervical cancer”, “HPV”, “cervical carcinoma”, “HPV vaccine”. Only research articles and reviews were considered. Results: The most used techniques for HPV detection are PCR and Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2). However, techniques for detection of HPV E6/E7 mRNA and p16INK4a have been developed, which are still being validated. These tests may help distinguish transient from persistent HPV infections. Conclusion: To reduce the number of cervical cancer cases, screening strategies could be adjusted to contain the best combination of cytological and molecular tests. The ideal screening strategy require high sensitivity to minimize false negative results, and high specificity, to avoid false positives and over referral. Optimization may be achieved by using by co-testing, combining HPV genotyping and cytology triage with low-grade intraepithelial lesions (LSILs) or with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US). Besides, strategies to prevent cervical cancer cases include HPV vaccination.

Objective. To describe cervical cancer (CC) prevention and control strategies in the primary care setting in South America. Method. Two review steps were performed: review of documents published in governmental websites in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, and Venezuela; and systematic review of the literature available in LILACS, MEDLINE, Scopus, SciELO, and Science Direct databases. Results. Twenty-one institutional documents (plans, practice guides, and national guidelines) and 25 journal articles were included. All countries had high CC morbidity and mortality rates. Screening in primary healthcare (PHC) was mostly opportunistic, although the institutional documents indicated an intention and strategies for early diagnosis and longitudinal follow-up of suspected and confirmed cases, preferably within the public healthcare system. All countries adopted a broad view of PHC, although the stage of PHC implementation was heterogeneous in different countries, with predominance of selective PHC. Access to screening was more difficult for women from rural or remote areas and for indigenous populations. The unavailability of PHC close to households/communities was an important barrier for CC screening. Conclusions. The fragmentation of healthcare systems and the selective provision of services are barriers for the prevention and control of CC in South America. Organized CC screening programs and active search for Papanicolaou testing in primary care are needed. Intercultural practices and intersectional public policies are essential to overcome the inequities in CC control in South American countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cervical cancer screening is a multistage process, therefore access to both the primary test and subsequent diagnostic procedures is essential. Considering women undergoing screening on the public health system in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, we aimed to estimate the proportion of women accessing colposcopy within six months of an abnormal smear result. We retrieved records from two administrative databases, the Information System on Uterine Cervical Cancer (SISCOLO) that contains smear results and the Outpatient Information System of the Brazilian Unified National Health System (SIA/SUS) that records colposcopies. A reference cohort consisted of women, aged 25 years or older, with an abnormal smear result between May 1, 2014, and June 30, 2014. We excluded prevalent cases. We linked the reference cohort and records in the SIA/SUS extending to December 31, 2014. After excluding prevalent cases, 1,761 women with abnormal cytology results were left. A total of 700 (39.8%) women were linked to a colposcopy record within the follow-up period; this dropped to 671 (38.1%) women when follow-up was censored at six months. We could notice a slightly higher attendance in women living in the metropolitan region of São Paulo compared with residents of the rest of the state. We found no association between colposcopy attendance and age or cytology class. These results emphasize that access to colposcopy in the public health system in São Paulo is limited. This compromises the quality of screening, and the issue needs to be prioritized in service planning.

Abstract Objective To analyze the factors associated with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in women with cervical cancer (CC) in a single center in Rio de Janeiro, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Methods A cross-sectional study in women with a diagnosis of CC followed-up in the gynecology outpatient clinic of the Hospital do Câncer II (HCII, in the Portuguese acronym) of the Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA, in the Portuguese acronym). The data were collected from March to August 2015. Women with palliative care, communication/cognition difficulty, undergoing simultaneous treatment for other types of cancer, or undergoing chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy were excluded. For the evaluation of the HRQoL, a specific questionnaire for women with CC was used (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy - Cervix Cancer [FACT-Cx]). The total score of the questionnaire ranges from 0 to 168, with higher scores indicating a better HRQoL. Results A total of 115 women were included in the present study, with a mean age of 52.64 years old (standard deviation [SD] = 12.13). The domains of emotional (16.61; SD = 4.55) and functional well-being (17.63; SD = 6.15) were those which presented the worst scores. The factors that had an association with better HRQoL in women with CC were having a current occupation, a longer time since the treatment and diagnosis, and women who had undergone hysterectomy. Conclusion Considering the domains of HRQoL of the women treated for cervical cancer, a better score was observed in the domains of physical and social/family wellbeing. For most domains, better scores were found between those with a current occupation, with a longer time after the diagnosis and treatment, and among those who had undergone a hysterectomy.

Abstract Objective To evaluate the level of information possessed by pregnant adolescents regarding the human papillomavirus (HPV). Methods Descriptive study developed in the adolescent prenatal outpatient clinic of a tertiary hospital fromthe state of São Paulo, Brazil. Data were collected between June and December 2017 following approval from the ethics and research committee (CAAE: 1.887.892/2017). Pregnant adolescents, ≤18 years old, who attended the abovementioned outpatient section, composed the sample. Those diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder and those with hearing or cognitive disabilities were excluded. After acceptance to participate in the present study, the pregnant adolescents signed an Informed Consent Form. Regarding the statistical analysis, the chi-squared test and the Fisher exact test were used. Results Regarding the knowledge about HPV, 123 (80.92%) of the participants had already heard about the subject; for 77 (50.66%), their schools had been the source of the information; 101 (66.45%) did not know how they could be infected by the virus. Age variation did not influence their knowledge on how to prevent themselves from HPV (p = 0.2562). The variable vaccine is associated with HPV prevention (p < 0.0001). Conclusion The pregnant adolescents composing the sample have shown to have knowledge about HPV. However, they do not prevent themselves from it appropriately, given that little more than half of the sample was vaccinated, had not reported an understanding that the use of preservatives and vaccination are effective means of prevention, and did not correlate HPV with uterine cervical cancer.

Copyright of Fisioterapia Brasil is the property of Atlantica Editora and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To verify the effect of the Pact for Health on premature mortality (30–69 years) attributed to cervical cancer in Brazil and its macroregions, using interrupted time series analysis. METHODS: Segmented regression was used to assess “change in level” and “change in trend” in premature mortality rates attributed to cervical cancer considering the post-Pact period (2010-2018), controlling by the pre-Pact period (1998–2006). Understanding the triennium 2007-2009 as essential for the adoption and implementation of the policy, it was excluded from the main modeling, but assessed in the sensitivity analysis. RESULTS: From 1998 to 2018, there were more than 119,000 deaths due to cervical cancer in women aged 30 to 69 years in Brazil. The Northern region experienced the highest rates (> 20 per 100,000). Comparing with baseline (1998–2006), segmented regression showed a progressive increase in changing trend from cervical cancer deaths in Brazil as a whole (coefficient = 0.513; 95%CI 0.430 to 0.596) and in the Southeast region (coefficient = 0.515; 95%CI 0.358 to 0.674), South region (coefficient = 0.925; 95%CI 0.642 to 1.208), and Midwest region (coefficient = 0.590; 95%CI 0.103 to 1.077). The Northeast region presented the most promising effects with immediate reduction in change level (-0.635; 95%CI −1.177 to −0.092) and progressive reduction in the changing trend of premature deaths (coefficient= −0.151; 95%CI −0.231 to −0.007). CONCLUSIONS: Premature mortality rates due to cervical cancer are high in Brazil and its macroregions. This interrupted time series was not able to reveal the effectiveness of initiatives related to the Pact for Health on premature deaths from cervical cancer nationally and in all macroregions equally. The best results are restricted to the Northeast region.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To verify the spatial pattern of mortality from breast and cervical cancer in areas of primary health care, considering socioeconomic conditions. METHODS This is an ecological study, from January 2000 to December 2016. The study area is the municipality of São Paulo, Brazil, and its 456 coverage areas of primary health units. Information on deaths of women aged 20 years or over were geocoded according to residence address. We calculated mortality rates, standardized by age, and smoothed by the local empirical Bayesian method, and grouped into three or two years to reduce the random fluctuation of the data. In addition, bivariate global and local Moran indexes were calculated to verify the existence of spatial agglomeration of standardized mortality rates with a domain of socioeconomic condition, elaborated based on the Índice Paulista de Vulnerabilidade Social (IPVS – São Paulo Index of Social Vulnerability). RESULTS The success rate of geocoding was 98.9%. Mortality from breast cancer, without stratification by time, showed a pattern with higher rates located in central regions with better socioeconomic conditions. It showed a decrease at the end of the period and a change in spatial pattern, with increased mortality in peripheral regions. On the other hand, mortality from cervical cancer remained with the highest rates in peripheral regions with worse socioeconomic conditions, despite being reduced over time. CONCLUSION The spatial pattern of mortality from the studied cancers, over time, suggests association with the best socioeconomic conditions of the municipality, either as protection (cervical) or risk (breast). This knowledge may direct resources to prevent and promote health in the territories.

Objective: In the world it is estimated that 291 million women are carriers of Human Papillomavirus (HPV), and its importance is due to the association with cervical cancer. Thus, it is necessary to understand the level of knowledge of women who are at risk of developing the disease. Method: For this, a questionnaire was applied to women between 18 and 40 years old. Results: Most women (97.6%) know that HPV is related to cancer and 91.9% responded that HPV is a risk factor for cancer. As for the clinical manifestations, 60.3% had partially correct answers, what shows satisfactory knowledge on the subject. Of those interviewed, 79.8% also are acquainted to the HPV detection method. Conclusion: It is concluded that, despite the main information on the subject being sedimented, it is possible to perceive a great insecurity of the interviewees regarding their own knowledge. These data reinforce the need to build new articles and campaigns on the subject as a mean to increase the dissemination of information associating HPV with cancer in order to consolidate such knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Extensão em Foco is the property of Universidade Federal do Parana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cervical cancer occurs due to disordered replication of the organ lining epithelium, compromising the stromal tissue and being able to invade contiguous or distant structures and organs, it has a slow development that can occur without symptoms at an early stage. Invasive carcinomas of the cervix are squamous cell carcinoma, the most incident type that affects the squamous epithelium, and adenocarcinoma, the rarest type that affects the glandular epithelium. In surgical cases due to cervical cancer, fertility preservation surgeries are chosen, since most of these cancers occur in women of reproductive age. Surgeries to preserve fertility include cervical conization, simple trachelectomy, removal of the uterine cervix with conservation of the uterus and radical trachelectomy, removal of the uterine cervix and surrounding tissues with conservation of the uterus. In contrast, radical hysterectomy is the standard surgical treatment for women with early-stage cervical cancer and chemoradiation is the treatment for women in more advanced stages. Trachelectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy is an alternative treatment method for early cervical cancer without reducing life expectancy and the rate of cancer recurrence. The technique is an alternative to traditional radical hysterectomy and was originally described by Dargent and Mathevet, radical vaginal trachelectomy is a modification of radical vaginal hysterectomy for early treatment of cervical cancer and preservation of uterine morphology and reproductive function. The pelvic lymphadenectomy technique has several approaches, such as retroperitoneal or transperitoneal laparoscopy and laparotomy. For women who wish to preserve fertility, radical trachelectomy with removal of the cervix and preservation of the uterus is an accepted option. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]