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Domestic and care work is a largely feminized sector marked by high levels of informality, low wages, and precarious working conditions worldwide. Over the past decade, particularly in the United States and Europe, new intermediaries have emerged, organizing search and hiring services through digital platforms. More recently, significantly driven by the Covid-19 pandemic, these platforms have proliferated in Latin America, raising questions about the effects of this new form of intermediation in the region. While the dominant global view on digital labor platforms is that they lead to the precarization of working conditions, emerging international literature questions whether they might contribute to the formalization of the sector. This hypothesis is based on recognizing certain characteristics of digital intermediaries that can institutionalize the employment relationship in an activity that largely operates outside of regulation, where direct hiring and personalized negotiation of working conditions prevail. At the same time, the literature warns that certain business models of these platforms contribute to non-formalization and promote hiring practices that deepen precariousness. Within this debate, this article aims to contribute to understanding the intermediation methods of these new actors in Latin America, considering that the employment classification of workers is crucial for their access to rights. To this end, the article presents a regional mapping of digital platforms operating in the sector and proposes a typology based on the business models and types of hiring promoted by the studied platforms

Planning an architectural project represents an arduous mental process that combines various physical, social, environmental, economic, and technological variables in the attempt to reach the best possible result for an idea of future human inhabiting. In this context, university teachers face the challenge of developing appropriate teaching methodologies for first-year students to allow them to take a starting point for developing projects with appropriate criteria that generate feasible future instrumental lines to be applied in their academic and professional career. This article presents reflections and results related to the pedagogical strategies taught in the Architecture Workshop, which use architectural typologies to begin with the starting idea. To this aim, a work methodology is addressed as an urban housing project exercise that includes the study of the site, the analysis of a hypothetical owner, and the incorporation of theoretical-practical resources according to the choice of a specific typology. The results delve into the potential and difficulties of its use. It is concluded that the use of typologies contributes significantly to initial learning in our discipline, which makes this reflection essential throughout the project planning process.

In the last 20 years, the Uruguayan dairy sector has intensified and concentrated on higher cow productivity, maintaining the herd, smaller land, and fewer farms. The research aims are to identify, describe, and evaluate the economic performance of different types of dairy farms. A sample of 284 farms from the National Dairy Farm Survey 2019 was used (representing 2,021 dairies); using k-means Cluster analysis with the variables: cow productivity, stocking rate, land productivity, concentrate, roughage, and grass intake (per hectare). We identified six farm types, three with high participation of grass in the cows’ diets (HG, 60% or more of dry matter intake), and the other three focused on supplementation (HS); with three intensification levels (1-low, 2-intermediate and 3-high productivity per ha). For the 2018/19 season three types of farms presented the best economic performance (HS-3, HG-3, and HG-2), including those with the highest stocking rate and grass intake per hectare, and more than USD 225 Economic Farm Surplus (EFS) per hectare with the lower unitary cost. Other two types exhibited intermediate economic performance (HS-2 and HG-1) with EFS close to zero and unitary cost similar to price. And one type (HS-1) displayed the worst economic performance, with negative indicators and the largest number of farms with very low productivity.

As chamadas “construções existenciais” são comuns a várias línguas do mundo, ainda que possam ter formas e funções bastante diversificadas. Entre essas línguas, verifica-se a presença de um tipo específico de marcador, que afirma a não existência de um elemento. Esse fenômeno, chamado de “negação existencial”, difere de um caso de negação de predicado, em que uma marca simples de negação torna a sentença negativa. O presente trabalho analisa a negação existencial em 21 línguas nativas do Brasil, verificando i) a relação entre a forma de expressão da negação existencial (lexical ou gramatical) e a forma da marca da existência positiva; ii) a sobreposição entre existência, localização e posse. Entre outros resultados, foi possível mostrar que, ainda que um paralelismo formal entre existência e inexistência não seja obrigatório, o estatuto gramatical da forma de expressão da negação existencial sempre pressupõe o estatuto gramatical da construção existencial.

The so-called "existential constructions" are common to several languages around the world, although they can have quite different forms and functions. Among those languages, a specific type of marker that affirms the nonexistence of an element is verified. This phenomenon, called "existential negation", differs from a case of predicate negation, in which a simple negation turns the sentence into a negative one. The present work analyzes existential negation in 21 native languages of Brazil, verifying i) the relationship between the existential negation form of expression (lexical or grammatical) and the form of positive existence marker; ii) the overlap between existence, location and possession. Among other results, it was possible to show that, although formal parallelism between existence and non-existence is not mandatory, the grammatical status of the expression of existential negation form always presupposes the grammatical status of the existential construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In light of the decarbonization objectives in agriculture, environmental preservation, and the resulting challenges of economic sustainability and food security, both European (Farm to Fork) and French policies are encouraging a profound transition within agri-food systems. Consequently, the transformation of agricultural production methods has become imperative. This article delineates the landscape of transitioning farms across mainland France. It relies on a categorization of farms that integrates their agricultural production methods (organic or conventional) and their product marketing approaches (short circuits or long channels), drawing on data from the 2010 and 2020 agricultural censuses. The analysis yields a detailed map (INSEE canton level) illustrating the evolution of transitional farming from 2010 to 2020, opening the way for discussion on the factors favoring the emergence of certain transition types over others. The outcome reveals a complex geography influenced by sectoral factors such as adaptation to pedo-climatic conditions, agricultural policies, the influence of food chains and distribution channels, historical production system dynamics, and the significance of alternative agricultural networks. Additionally, non-sectoral factors stemming from the socio-residential environment, including proximity to urban centers, tourism, areas experiencing residential migration, and the socio-economic profile of resident populations, as well as local public policies, also play pivotal roles in shaping these transitional landscapes.

The discourse on Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) teacher education in Germany is dominated by the high demand for TVET teachers. A shortage of TVET teachers is arguably a part of the “tradition” of the TVET system. For many years, universities developing new programs for initial TVET teacher education to tackle this problem. However, this has led to a non-transparent structure of degree programmes on offer. This article presents, as a result of a qualitative research approach, a typology of initial TVET teacher education programmes in order to provide more transparency in the TVET teacher education system. Basis for the presented typology are the information provided by all universities in Germany (N=52) who offer vocational teacher education programmes. These information were then run through a criteria matrix, resulting in a typology of seven different study models. In conclusion, we can see that traditional models, while being offered the most in German universities, are challenged by a lot of different study models who are generally not considered traditional.

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Se presentan algunos rasgos morfosintácticos del español hablado por bilingües mapuzugun/español. La premisa básica que se adopta propone que el español de contacto presenta construcciones atribuibles a la influencia del sustrato mapuche en diversos dominios morfosintacticos; sin embargo, la convencionalización de estas es condicionada por la distancia tipológica establecida entre los códigos, la saliencia de ciertos dominios y su codificación, y la innovación del repertorio por parte de los hablantes. En el español, estas dimensiones funcionales se manifiestan en la variedad de contacto a partir de patrones de uso y significado particulares que adoptan diversas formas lingüísticas. Se presentan avances en el dominio de la concordancia, la evidencialidad, la expresión perifrástica de estar + gerundio y la negación en el español producido por hablantes bilingües mapuzugun-castellano.

En The concept of co-working has gradually grown in importance and new types of workplaces have increased in Istanbul in step with global trends. As the most populated city in Turkey, Istanbul hosts the largest number of co-working spaces (CWSs) in the country. This paper describes the types of CWSs in Istanbul. In this context, the paper is organized around two main topics: the physical structure and the non-physical structure of CWSs. The physical structure of CWSs refers to the type of building, layout, and architectural features, as well as the facility management services and ancillary spaces that CWSs provide. The non-physical structure of CWSs covers the financial structure, community structure, organization and management structure, decision-making structure, partnership structure, and communication structure of CWSs. In this framework, 20 CWSs in Istanbul (87 locations in total, including multiple branches in the city) were empirically studied through face-to-face interviews, observations, websites, and advertisements analysis. The main result of the analysis reveals that CWSs have different characteristics and cannot be encompassed in one type for the case of Istanbul. In this context, four different co-working types were identified in Istanbul. These are chain CWSs, lifestyle CWSs, community-oriented CWSs, and service-oriented CWSs. The results of the study contribute to the literature for a better understanding of CWSs in an urban context. They also help to understand the changing working environment in Istanbul and Turkey, which has been largely overlooked by the literature to date.

In the spring of 2020, a national lockdown was declared in France to control the Covid-19 epidemic – the longest and strictest to date. This led to spontaneous population movements, widely publicised in the media as the urban exodus of Parisians. But were departures from large cities to low-density areas the only types of mobility during this period? And what can we learn from housing changes during lockdown about the ordinary residential practices and dwelling conditions of households, as well as about the resources mobilised to cope with these exceptional situations? Based on the EpiCOV survey (Inserm-Drees), conducted in France among a sample of 135,000 people aged 15 and over at the end of the first lockdown, this article examines the different types of residential mobility that took place in the spring of 2020 on French territory. While this study does not predict whether or not these movements are to become permanent, or whether they would be repeated during further phases of lockdown, it highlights the heterogeneity of mobility practices, captured here in terms of distance travelled, changes within the urban gradient, types and conditions of housing, as well as the variety of resources mobilised according to sex, age and social position of individuals. While long-distance mobility more often concerns wealthy populations, local movements are almost as frequent and concern more heterogeneous fractions of the population.

Agri-food innovations can contribute to the sustainability transition. However, the spatial dimension of their development remains poorly addressed in transition research, and food environment research does not focus on new retailing initiatives. This article aims to characterize the diversity of existing initiatives as well as to identify potential inequalities in access to these retail networks. It is based on a study of 214 local food retailing initiatives developed in the province of Liege, Belgium. Data were collected between January 2018th and May 2021st through a telephone survey. A typology of initiatives was conducted using a multiple factor analysis followed by a hierarchical clustering. The initiatives’ clusters and the retail and socio-demographic environment of associated outlets are located were characterized. Three profiles were identified: (i) a network of depot outlets carried by citizen and association collectives, (ii) retailers combining long and short chain supplies, and (iii) farmers and artisans in direct sales who pool their sales. The outlets of the different initiatives’ clusters are characterized by different socio-demographic and retail environments, underlining their complementarity. Finally, the socio-spatial differentiation in the physical accessibility of the outlets of local food retailing initiatives raises questions about the inclusive dimension of the sustainability transition.

Copyright of LIAMES: Línguas Indígenas Americanas is the property of Universidade Estadual de Campinas - Portal de Periodicos Eletronicos Cientificos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ABSTRACT: Backyards are family settings adjacent to the house, characterized mainly by being small-scale and diversified productive spaces. The research typologically characterized the backyards and their contribution to family food security in La Concordia municipality, Chiapas, Mexico. The research was descriptive and mixed, quantitative, and qualitative, and semi-structured interviews were applied to 130 families. For the typification, 21 variables were used, and the statistical techniques of Factorial Analysis and Clusters were applied. The cases studied were classified, according to the relevance of their production and contribution to food security, into two general groups: a) a group of backyards that is more productive and contributes to food security, which in turn includes three subtypes of backyards that differ from each other by their profile towards vegetable or poultry production for subsistence, and/or pigs as a form of savings; b) a group of less productive backyards in which other management strategies for food security are assumed and differ from each other by the level of expulsion of labor force and types of families, nuclear or extended. Poultry and plant species for multiple uses was the most frequently characteristic, regardless of the type of backyard.

Public agricultural policies and the evolution of agricultural techniques have led to a transformation of agricultural landscapes in recent decades. The spatial entity of agricultural management, the plot, is generally described with indicators that do not reflect the complexity of its forms. This article proposes a method to characterize the morphological diversity of agricultural plots at the national scale. Based on data from the Land-Parcel Identification System of metropolitan France (9,3 million plots in 2016), this method combines tools of geomatics and multivariate statistical analysis to produce a typology in 20 contrasting and spatially differentiated plot morphologies based on six indicators related to plot contours and area. We show that simplified plot shapes (rectangular shapes) are particularly present in field crop systems, whereas irregularly shaped plots are typical of grassland systems. We could establish a link with the history of some areas, with a strong representation of large simple plots cereal basins in northern France where land consolidation was generalized in recent decades. The typology of plot morphologies can contribute to model ecosystem services at regional or even national scales or to evaluate public policies for rural areas.

This paper aims to demonstrate the efficacy of a five-level homelessness prevention typology, encompassing universal, targeted, crisis, emergency, and recovery categories. We argue that this typology can be deployed to illuminate key comparisons in homelessness prevention policy and practice between different jurisdictions and over time. Meanwhile, it avoids the confusions and overlaps that occur in extant categorisations. Using the UK jurisdictions as an empirical testbed for this analytical framework, four key lessons emerge which we contend have resonance across much of the global north. First, though there is growing evidence of the importance of both universal prevention measures (particularly the delivery of affordable housing and poverty reduction), and targeted preventative interventions (focused on high risk groups and transitions), practical action on both fronts has been deeply deficient to date. Second, and more encouragingly, there is a nascent shift in homelessness practice from an overwhelming focus on basic, emergency interventions, towards more upstream attempts to avert the kind of crisis situations that can lead to homelessness arising in the first place. Third, and also welcome, is a trend within recovery interventions from treatment-led to more housing-led models, albeit that this shift has been frustratingly slow to materialise in many countries. Fourth, across all of these categories of homelessness prevention, there remain substantial evidence gaps, especially outside of the US.

The objective of this paper is to propose a typology for the Economic Organizations of Family Agriculture (OEAFs) in Brazil. From the SIES database a Multiple Factor Analysis was proposed to find the possible types of OEAFs. Four Types were determined. Subsequently, logistic regressions were made in order to verify which socioeconomic and regional characteristics were most related to each of the four types found. The results suggest that Type 1 are OEAFs from family farming, from rural areas, from less complex managerial organization and from poorer regions of Brazil. Type 2 includes younger OEAFs, composed of cooperatives as well as less developed regions of the country. Type 3 is characterized by cooperatives, Enterprises from Agrarian Reform, and the northern region of the country. And, finally, Type 4 is marked by even younger OEAFs, Business Agriculture, non-rural activities and located in the most dynamic regions of the country.

Copyright of Mouseion (19817207) is the property of Editora Unilasalle and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Tamoios is the property of Editora da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (EdUERJ) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective/context: Mexican governors have had great capabilities for action, before and after the transition, although in different degrees. The literature holds measurements of the power of governors; however, most lack an abstract conceptualization or do not consider the influence that local executives have beyond the territory they govern. In this work we establish a conceptualization to identify what is the basis of the power of governors. Based on the above, we formulate the Governor’s Power Index and a couple of typologies to capture and measure the power that local executives have in Mexico. Methodology: The research is based on the multilevel nature of the structuring of a concept. On the first level we establish an abstract conceptualization of a governor’s power. In the second level we identify the constituent dimensions that point to the presence or absence of the concept. On the third level, we determine empirical indicators (based on the constituent dimensions) to identify the concept in reality. These indicators are the basis of the index and the typologies. Conclusions: The governor of the state of Mexico, for the year 2015, has greater capabilities with respect to the rest; the above, both in the general index and in the typologies built. He is very closely followed by Jalisco and Chiapas, although this is not constant, as it is in the state of Mexico. On the other hand, the local executive of the state of Morelos is the weakest and is closely followed by the one in Querétaro. Originality: The conceptual framework established allows the formulation of a quantitative instrument, which is practical in comparative research. With this conceptual basis, the development of typologies is also possible, which is useful for research that needs to delve into specific aspects of the power of local executives.

This work aims to present a typology of uses of social media by Brazilian traditional newspapers, by analyzing their journalistic content. The research observed 9,993 posts from nine regional newspapers on their Facebook fan pages. We use a quantitative approach through a content analysis of the posts about news collected. Due to the migration to a digital version, many newspapers have used social media as tools for spreading journalistic content. However, the strategies to occupy these spaces are diverse and the enterprises evoke different themes to call the public’s attention, which allows the creation of a typology of different uses of social media. The results show five different profiles of journalistic content on newspapers’ social media, which vary from politicized fan pages to those focused almost exclusively on entertainment. Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar uma tipologia dos usos que os jornais impressos brasileiros fazem das redes sociais digitais, a partir do conteúdo jornalístico. A pesquisa é feita tendo como base 9.993 postagens realizadas por nove veículos regionais brasileiros em suas fanpages do Facebook. Trata-se de uma abordagem quantitativa, a partir da análise de conteúdo das notícias coletadas. Com a migração para uma versão digital, muitos passaram a utilizar as redes sociais como ferramenta para distribuir conteúdo jornalístico. Porém, as estratégias para ocupar este espaço são diferentes e os veículos exploram de variados temas para chamar a atenção, o que permite a criação de uma tipologia de usos distintos das redes sociais. Os resultados mostram que há, pelo menos, cinco diferentes perfis de conteúdo jornalístico nas redes sociais dos jornais pesquisados, que variam desde fanpages politizadas até aquelas voltadas quase que exclusivamente para o entretenimento. Este artículo busca presentar una tipología de los usos que los periódicos impresos brasileños hacen de las redes sociales, a partir del contenido periodístico. La investigación analiza 9993 posts hechos a lo largo de 45 días por nueve vehículos regionales brasileños en sus fanpages en Facebook. El abordaje metodológico posee un enfoque cuantitativo, teniendo por base el análisis de contenido de las noticias recogidas. Con la migración de los periódicos a una versión digital, muchos de ellos pasaron a utilizar las redes sociales como herramienta para distribuir contenido periodístico. Sin embargo, las estrategias para ocupar este espacio son diferentes entre los medios, los cuales exploran temáticas variadas para llamar la atención, lo que permite la creación de una tipología de usos distintos de las redes sociales. Los resultados muestran que hay al menos cinco diferentes perfiles de contenido periodístico en las redes sociales de los periódicos investigados, que varían desde fanpages politizadas hasta aquellas que se dirigen casi exclusivamente al entretenimiento.

O estudo dos ex-votos como objeto de pesquisa na área de comunicação está na origem da teoria fundada por Luiz Beltrão, a Folkcomunicação. Porém, os pesquisadores encontram, ainda hoje, dificuldades na classificação tipológica dos ex-votos. Beltrão não faz uma classificação exclusiva dos ex-votos, mas os enquadram na tipologia geral dos estudos folkcomunicacionais. A tipologia adotada hoje é a elaborada pelo pesquisador mexicano Jorge González (1981), que está restrita as manifestações culturais do catolicismo popular. O professor José Marques de Melo ao escrever sobre o tema, diz que a questão não está definida, deixando em aberto uma possível reclassificação. O objetivo deste artigo é a tentativa de ampliar o entendimento, agrupar e atualizar os tipos de ex-votos abrindo horizontes inclusive para outras manifestações religiosas que não se enquadram no catolicismo popular, mas que podem ser entendidas dentro deste processo comunicacional, hoje à margem da academia. A metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, bem como o inventário através da observação participante.

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Ciencias Sociais is the property of Revista Brasileira de Ciencias Sociais and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In almost all authors who work with overseas history texts, there is an affinity to think of a type or group that brings these works together from labels such as 'travel books', 'navigation poetry', 'itineraries', 'travel report, 'nautical literature' etc. With all this diversity of classifications, what is perceived is that the existence of a more concise proposal needs to be explored, promoting a denser study about the discursive and ideological conventions of each written source. So, in this article, we propose a short attempt to conceptually reorganize this historical-literary field of studies, paying particular attention to the refigurative precepts provided by Paul Ricoeur's narratological studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Portuguesa de Pedagogia is the property of Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, we investigated the effect of typological peculiarities of manifestations of properties of the nervous system of young football players the ability to react quickly. 32 young football players of 10-11 years participated in the pedagogical experiment. 16 athletes were engaged in experimental methodic which is based on using the same exercise and methods development of the ability to react quickly, but different components of the load, for players with a strong nervous system (8 people), the load was intensive, but for players with a weak nervous system (8 persons) - volumetric load. The other 16 football players made up the control group. For 8 months of the experiment there was a significant increase in the ability to react quickly football players 10-11 years old in the experimental group, which was engaged in by a special methodic. The football players with a strong nervous system indicator has improved from 251.4 ± 4.6 cm to 231.4 ± 5.9 cm (P 0.05). The study proved the effectiveness of the use of the typological properties of the nervous system as a differentiated method of developing the ability to react quickly of young football players. This approach allows to improve the quality of the training process of young athletes. RESUMO O desenvolvimento da reação em crianças que estão envolvidas no futebol levando em conta o sistema nervoso Neste estudo, nós investigamos o efeito das peculiaridades tipológicas de manifestações de propriedades do sistema nervoso de jovens jogadores de futebol a capacidade de reagir rapidamente. 32 jovens jogadores de futebol de 10-11 anos, participaram na experiência pedagógica. 16 atletas foram contratados experimental metódica, que é baseado no uso de um mesmo exercício e métodos de desenvolvimento da capacidade de reagir rapidamente, mas diferentes componentes da carga, para os jogadores com um forte sistema nervoso (8 pessoas), a carga foi intenso, mas, para os jogadores com um fraco sistema nervoso (8 pessoas) - volumétrica de carga. Os outros 16 jogadores de futebol compõem o grupo de controle. Durante 8 meses do experimento, houve um aumento significativo na capacidade de reagir rapidamente os jogadores de futebol 10-11 anos de idade no grupo experimental, o qual foi contratada, em especial metódica. Os jogadores de futebol com um forte sistema nervoso indicador melhorou de 251,4 ± 4,6 cm para 231,4 ± 5,9 cm (P 0,05). O estudo comprovou a eficácia da utilização do tipológicas propriedades do sistema nervoso como um método diferenciado de desenvolver a capacidade de reagir rapidamente de jovens jogadores de futebol. Esta abordagem permite melhorar a qualidade do processo de formação de jovens atletas.

The aim of this study was to assess padel facilities and its characteristics in the Autonomous Community of Extremadura according to the number of inhabitants. The totality of the padel courts built in this area was registered considering property, structure, the pavement surface and the location. The results show a total of 649 padel courts in Extremadura (409 in province of Badajoz and 240 in province of Cáceres). Public facilities account for the 50% of the total, however we found large differences between the provinces (44,25% in Badajoz and 57,92% in Cáceres). Likewise, similar density were observed between provinces but not when comparing districts. Regarding court profile, 93,05% had an artificial turf ground, 68,26% had a glass enclosure and 69,34 had an outdoor location.

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el número y características de las instalaciones de pádel en los municipios en relación con su número de habitantes en la Comunidad Autónoma de Extremadura. Para ello se registraron todas las pistas de pádel existentes en la región atendiendo a los criterios de propiedad, estructura de la pista, tipo de pavimento y cerramiento. Los resultados muestran un total de 649 pistas, 409 en la provincia de Badajoz y 240 en la provincia de Cáceres. El 50% aproximadamente de las pistas son de propiedad pública, existiendo diferencias cuando analizamos por provincias (44,25% públicas en provincia de Badajoz y 57,92% en la provincia de Cáceres). Respecto a la densidad no existen diferencias entre provincias, pero si cuando se analizan las instalaciones de pádel por comarcas. Con respecto al perfil de las pistas de pádel, el 93,05% de las pistas presentan un pavimento de césped artificial, el 68,26% un cerramiento de cristal y el 69,34% una ubicación outdoor (al aire libre). Abstract The aim of this study was to assess padel facilities and its characteristics in the Autonomous Community of Extremadura according to the number of inhabitants. The totality of the padel courts built in this area was registered considering property, structure, the pavement surface and the location. The results show a total of 649 padel courts in Extremadura (409 in province of Badajoz and 240 in province of Cáceres). Public facilities account for the 50% of the total, however we found large differences between the provinces (44,25% in Badajoz and 57,92% in Cáceres). Likewise, similar density were observed between provinces but not when comparing districts. Regarding court profile, 93,05% had an artificial turf ground, 68,26% had a glass enclosure and 69,34 had an outdoor location.

The Munduruku people live in the states of Pará and Amazonas, including a handful of residents in Mato Grosso, in Brazil. My research about the language takes place within the Munduruku population of Pará. It is a language of the Tupi stock, that belongs to the Munduruku family. It is of head-marking type. The most common constituent order is s(o)v. The arguments do not receive morphologic marks, usually occurring in noun phrases. The verb receives person marks, which indicate/co-refer subject and direct object. Our objective here is to present the inventory of the postpositions, in order to discuss the properties they share; what their structural and functional features are; and their participation in the passive voice, causative, subordination, modality, source of information, and locative and possessive predication. We also approach the isomorphism among postpositions, nouns and verbs; the syntactic relation that establishes the postpositional phrase with the rest of the sentence: whether argument or adjunct. Finally we will also reflect upon its typology.

This paper analyzes the evolution in transport modal use in daily mobility of workers in the greater Paris area in the last decade. After many decades of continuous growth, car use has decreased while public transport, walking, cycling and motorized two-wheelers use has increased. The objective of this paper is to define the spatial and socio-demographic characteristics of workers who have changed their modes of transportation. A typological analysis is conducted based on data from the last two Paris region household travel surveys. This approach identifies who are the workers behind the decrease in private car use. A growing number of workers who live or work in Paris and in the inner suburbs, white collar and highly qualified workers, men, high incomes, workers with children, workers with driving license and workers in mono-motorized households have an alternative mobility. The results also underlines that high automobile mobility, a decreasing mobility behavior, concerns more and more peri-urban workers, craftsmen, tradesman, managers and blue collar, and workers over the age of thirty.

Copyright of Revista Ibero-Americana de Ciência da Informação is the property of Revista Ibero-Americana de Ciencia da Informacao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article reviews categories such as Propaganda, Advertising, functions, rhetoric and typologies in the genre of the political poster defined by some of their authors, who through these definitions allow us to understand when we are talking about a political poster and when this is not the case. This is relevant, since the poster has regained its validity as an instrument for disseminating political ideas, gender discourses and ecological concerns to name the hottest topics of today. Thus the poster retakes a certain prestige as a propagator of ideals in the urban society, where it precisely had its origin and continues reflecting the social and political tensions that claim it as a genre that does not lose validity, being also a vehicle and support of the visualization of data in the context of campaigns of an ideological nature that in addition go viral and develop more widely in social networks, great protagonists of the current times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first peripheries were supporting growth of many cities in aggregative process by which immediate spatial solutions to the new socioeconomic needs were given. Currently, these areas have gained central characteristics and need to build their historiography. The story of their past has to rebuild its bases and singularities, in order to deal with contemporary urban requirements. The article focuses on the period of genesis of “South District of Granada”, first extension to the south, as a sign of an urban history that needs to locate key moments or periods. In a process of gradual transformation from agricultural matrix, in a fragmented way and without global growth models, from the beginning this peripheral “foundation” was testing laboratory of urbanism and architecture of the time, and shows the confluence of tradition and production of new residential typological formulations.

This paper is a literature review that intend to think about the typology applied currently to sign language interpretating. We did not reach a consensus on the terms translation or interpretation and only the use of certain terminology, even without consideration of other broader possibilities of conceptualization, can not achieve the precision we have to pursue so that we can exchange researching in order to promote the dialogue among researchers.

In this paper, I take up the case of quotative evidentials and their (non-?)existence in Romance languages, in an attempt to illustrate the fact that the dialogue between typological linguistics and general linguistics is essential. I review briefly the case of grammaticalization from a typological point of view, and the category of evidentiality, before discussing the case of discourse markers specialized in the introduction of reported speech, in Romance languages.

The article presents the methodology and the results of a socio-sanitary taxonomy of French territories. This taxonomy is used to analyze primary health care in France and the effectiveness of measures to attract and retain general practitioners in underserved areas. We identify in the literature the relevant dimensions and indicators to address these issues. We made a principal component analysis (PCA) of the 32 selected indicators and then an agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC).We obtain 6 types of living territories with a complex spatial distribution. For instance, it is very contiguous alongside the coast or the inland countryside. On the other hand, regional entities present a more diverse trait with all type of living territories and a geographic distribution showing central and peripheral oppositions.

ABSTRACT: Milk supply chain in Brazil exhibits significant production system heterogeneity in all federal units. Thus, the objective of this study was to form homogeneous groups of bovine milk production units based on the chemical and microbiological quality of the milk via multivariate statistical techniques. A total of 1,541 milk producing units (MPUs), corresponding to 44,089 samples, were analyzed. The first three principal components accounted for 81.38% of the total variation in the data. Principal component 1 (PC1) was associated with the chemical quality of milk (fat, protein [PROT] and total dry extract [TDE] content), while PC2 and PC3 were associated with microbiological quality (somatic cell count [SCC] and total bacterial count [TBC]). The concurrent analysis of the two two-dimensional projections characterized the different productive strata by their quality attributes and identified the positive/negative points of milk microbiological characteristics in each production group. Thus, the dimensionality of the set of 1,541 MPUs was reduced to 15 homogeneous production groups. This method optimizes the use of the dairy industry monthly database and characterizes all the heterogeneities present in dairy production systems.

El presente estudio pretende esbozar algunas diferencias culturales en los estilos adulatorios y en la manera de formular, recibir y rechazar piropos y cumplidos en distintas lenguas y culturas. Se presenta una clasificación propia de las características de los piropos y se establece una tipología de las secuencias piropo-respuesta y cumplido-respuesta, acompañada con ejemplos en distintas lenguas: español, inglés, búlgaro y polaco. A pesar de que el estudio se centra en estos cuatro idiomas, se hacen alusiones a más lenguas con sus respectivas diferencias culturales y estrategias de las respuestas. El estudio combina la revisión bibliográfica con la investigación cuantitativa y cualitativa al usar como instrumento un cuestionario de preguntas abiertas. Los participantes son 76 estudiantes universitarios de la Universidad de Granada (España), Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación (años 2009 y 2013). Se ha obtenido una muestra de 326 piropos proporcionados por hombres (219) y mujeres (107). El estudio ha confirmado una parte universal de los piropos y los cumplidos, y otra más específica, que depende de cada lengua y cultura.

This article addresses the issue of constructive characterization and morphology of an ancient urban centre of the city of Faro, enhancing further reflection on the assessment of vulnerability and risk in the occurrence of natural and human source disasters, such as earthquakes, tsunamis, floods or urban fires. The implementation of both protection and revitalization strategies to our historic and architectural heritage are fundamental to preserve our cultural identity. Thus, the process of inventorying of the Riverside neighbourhood of Faro, named Bairro Ribeirinho, presenting a summary of the main typologies and construction techniques, is assumed as an asset to the municipal authorities and civil protection, in view of establishing strategies and urban intervention plans to mitigate the risk associated with these disasters, by reducing the vulnerability of old buildings.

To characterize the agrarian systems of a high Andean valley, 32 peasant communities are grouped into six types based on the composition of their resources (agro-pastoral production areas). There are oppositions between altitude and bottom valley, agriculture (rainfed, irrigated) and livestock (wool, milk), diversification and specialization, etc. The access of the familial production units to the production areas and to livestock confirms the partition of communities and clarifies the situations of transition. The information provided by this study improves our understanding of the social and economic context of peasant communities concerned.

RESUMEN El término “Paisaje” es un concepto que fue incorporado al vocabulario técnico de la Geografía a principios del Siglo XIX, aunque su significado ha variado a lo largo del tiempo y reconoce hoy al menos dos acepciones. Conjuntamente con las diversas interpretaciones, el estudio del paisaje se aborda desde distintas concepciones filosóficas y con variados métodos. En este trabajo se realiza una síntesis de la evolución del concepto del paisaje y sus formas de abordarlo desde la Geografía, considerando que las unidades paisajísticas (a diversas escalas) proporcionan una base para la organización y gestión territorial. Se presentan, además, algunos ejemplos de delimitación llevados a cabo en la región patagónica. ABSTRACT

The study of exvotos as an object of research in the area of communication is at the origin of the theory founded by Luiz Beltrão, Folkcommunication. However, researchers still find difficulties in the typological classification of exvotos. Beltrão does not make an exclusive classification of the exvotos, but they fit them in the general typology of the folkcommunicational studies. The typology adopted today is that elaborated by the Mexican researcher Jorge González (1981), which is restricted to the cultural manifestations of popular Catholicism. Professor José Marques de Melo, writing on the subject, says that the issue is not defined, leaving open a possible reclassification. The objective of this article is the attempt to broaden the understanding, to group and to update the types of exvotos, opening horizons even to other religious manifestations that do not fit into the popular Catholicism, but that can be understood within this communicational process, today on the margins of the academy. The methodology used was the bibliographical and documentary research, as well as the inventory through participant observation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Exercise is a learning tool in constant use in language learning. But familiarity often leads to hide in construction terms. We will examine different exercise routines to update the choice of the constituents, the organization of the activity, learning principles underlying and reference grammatical descriptions. We try to show at last that the procedure of the exercise, under some conditions, can take place in learning complex tasks like reading here.