15 results on '"Shikimic Acid"'
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2. Agronomical characterization of minority grapevine cultivars from Asturias (Spain)
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Dolores Loureiro Maria, Moreno-Sanz Paula, and Suárez Bélen
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vitis vinifera l. ,phenology ,fertility ,production ,shikimic acid ,berry quality ,Plant culture ,SB1-1110 - Abstract
Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) was an important crop in the past in Asturias (Northwestern Spain), but the phylloxera and later the boom of the mining industry almost led to its extinction in the last century. Currently, the grape growers are rescuing the old cultivars present in the region from ancient times, but the long period of abandon has originated a lack of information about their characteristics. Four red (‘Albarín Negro’, ‘Carrasquín’, ‘Verdejo Negro’ and ‘Mencía’) and two white (‘Albarín Blanco’ and ‘Godello’) minority grapevine cultivars from Asturias (Spain) were studied for phenology, fertility, vigor, production and berry quality parameters for two consecutive years. Great differences between cultivars were found: ‘Verdejo Negro’ and ‘Albarín Blanco’ had an early budburst both years, ‘Carrasquín’ was the latest harvested, and ‘Albarín Negro’ presented the highest total fertility. ‘Mencía’ had the greatest bunch weight, and, together with ‘Verdejo Negro’, the lowest total acidity and highest pH. Shikimic acid was a varietal marker, its content being higher in ‘Carrasquín’, ‘Verdejo Negro’ and ‘Albarín Blanco’. Significant differences between years in the measured parameters were also found. Agronomical evaluation is the first step to recover these minority cultivars from extinction and to provide to grape growers a deeper knowledge about the characteristics of each cultivar, allowing enriching and diversifying the wine market with different products.
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- 2017
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- View/download PDF
3. Monitoring of Resistance of Sourgrass to Glyphosate Herbicide in Urban Areas of the State of São Paulo, Brazil
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T. GAZOLA, M.F. DIAS, C.A. CARBONARI, and E.D. VELINI
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shikimic acid ,Digitaria insularis ,EPSPS ,resistance ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Botany ,QK1-989 - Abstract
ABSTRACT: The objective of this work was to monitor the resistance of sourgrass (Digitaria insularis) to glyphosate in urban areas of the State of São Paulo to understand the spread of resistant biotypes. Three experiments were conducted under greenhouse conditions in a completely randomized design, with four replications. In the first experiment, seven sourgrass biotypes were used, and the control of plants was evaluated at 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days after application (DAA) of glyphosate. In the second experiment, the shikimic acid accumulation was quantified at 72 hours after the glyphosate application, and the same evaluations of weed control were performed. In the third experiment, rate-response curves were developed, with glyphosate at rates of 0, 90, 180, 360, 720, 1,440, 2,880, and 5,760 g a.e. ha-1 applied on three progenies obtained from self-fertilized seeds; the percentage of control and shoot dry weight of the plants were evaluated at 28 DAA to determine their resistance factor. The results confirmed the occurrence of biotypes of sourgrass resistant to glyphosate in urban areas of Ipaussu and Santa Cruz do Rio Pardo and transmission of this resistance to the progenies obtained from self-fertilized seeds. These results indicate the possibility of resistant sourgrass seeds to be transported and disseminated to other Brazilian regions, thus, contributing to increase cases of resistance of sourgrass to this herbicide. However, it should be confirmed by more detailed studies involving DNA and family trees to determine the genetic proximity between resistant biotypes from different regions, since independent selection may also occur.
- Published
- 2019
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4. VERIFICATION OF THE MECHANISM OF GLYPHOSATE RESISTANCE IN ITALIAN RYEGRASS BIOTYPES
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L. VARGAS, Q. RUCHEL, D. AGOSTINETTO, F.P. LAMEGO, A.C. LANGARO, and S.R. PIESANTI
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shikimic acid ,EPSPs ,Lolium multiflorum ,metabolism ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Botany ,QK1-989 - Abstract
ABSTRACT The intense use of glyphosate for weed control led to the emergence of several cases of resistance to this herbicide. Weeds can survive the application of herbicides due to several factors, which may or may not be related to the herbicide site of action. The objectives of this study were to quantify the accumulation of shikimate in ryegrass biotypes in response to glyphosate application; investigate possible mutations on the EPSPs gene in susceptible and resistant biotypes; and evaluate the response of ryegrass biotypes to the application of glyphosate after treatment with a metabolism inhibitor of cyt P450 monooxygenase. The seeds of ryegrass biotypes with suspected resistance came from the municipality of São Valentim, RS (SVA 1 and SVA 4) and Passo Fundo, RS (PFU 5) and the seeds of the susceptible biotype (SVA 2), from São Valentim. The results demonstrated that, SVA biotype 2 accumulated more shikimate than any of the resistant biotypes, regardless of the herbicide dose used. The EPSPs gene showed no point mutation previously associated with the resistance to glyphosate, and the evaluated biotypes show no metabolism of glyphosate by the cyt P450 complex concerning inhibition by piperonyl butoxide (PBO) and malathion.
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- 2016
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- View/download PDF
5. Potassium phosphite does not protect maize plants against the phytotoxic effects of glyphosate
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Giovanna Larissa Gimenes Cotrick Gomes, Edivaldo Domingues Velini, and Caio Antonio Carbonari
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Zea mays ,shikimic acid ,quinic acid ,aromatic amino acids ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 - Abstract
There are conflicting reports on the effect of potassium phosphite with or without glyphosate in plants. Some of them indicate that potassium phosphite may cause injuries when applied alone, while others point out that it can reduce the injury caused by glyphosate, when applied in association with this herbicide. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of potassium phosphite alone or in association with glyphosate on visual injury, dry matter accumulation, phytotoxicity indicator compounds levels and aromatic amino acid contents in maize plants. Treatments consisted of isolated or associated application of two glyphosate doses (72 g ha-1 and 720 g ha-1) and one potassium phosphite dose (Fosway - 3 L ha-1). The visual evaluations of injury and harvesting were performed at 2, 4, 10 and 15 days after application. The potassium phosphite applied alone did not cause injury to plants, and its association with glyphosate, regardless of the dose tested, did not protect the plants against the injury and dry mass reduction caused by the herbicide. There was an accumulation of shikimic and quinic acids on the plants subjected to the highest dose of glyphosate with or without phosphite. The potassium phosphite treatments with or without glyphosate showed higher tryptophan levels and did not alter the phenylalanine and tyrosine contents in the plants.
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- 2015
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6. Glyphosate influence on the physiological parameters of Conyza bonariensis biotypes
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L. Vargas, D.R.O. Silva, D. Agostinetto, M.B. Matallo, F.M. Santos, S.D.B. Almeida, G. Chavarria, and D.F.P. Silva
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hairy fleabane ,resistance ,photosynthesis ,EPSPs ,shikimic acid ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Botany ,QK1-989 - Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine changes in gas exchange and inhibition of EPSPs, based on the accumulation of shikimic acid in horseweed biotypes resistant and sensitive to glyphosate. Two experiments were conducted in a factorial model. The first one evaluated horseweed biotypes (one resistant and one susceptible to glyphosate), and herbicide rates (0 and 1,080 g a.e. ha ¹) applied on the weed. In the second experiment, the horseweed biotypes (susceptible and resistant to glyphosate) were evaluated in five periods as following: 0, 3, 7, 10, and 14 days after herbicide application (DAH). The photosynthetic rate, transpiration, carboxylation efficiency, and water efficiency were determined using an infrared gas analyzer (IRGA), and shikimic acid concentration by HPLC. The application of glyphosate damaged the photosynthetic parameters of the susceptible biotype, causing complete inhibition of the photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, carboxylation efficiency and water use efficiency, starting from the 7 DAH. On the other hand, total inhibition of the photosynthetic parameters was not observed for the resistant biotype. Shikimic acid accumulation occurred in both biotypes after glyphosate application but the susceptible biotype had the highest concentrations, indicating greater sensitivity of the enzyme EPSPs. The accumulation of shikimic acid in the resistant biotype indicates that the mechanism of resistance is not related to the total insensitivity of the enzyme EPSPs to glyphosate and/or that other resistance mechanisms may be involved.
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- 2014
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7. Alterações no metabolismo da cana-de-açúcar em função da aplicação de maturadores Response of sugarcane metabolism to ripener application
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D.K. Meschede, E.D. Velini, F.G. Tonin, and C.A Carbonari
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ácido chiquímico ,ácido salicílico ,doenças ,fisiologia ,shikimic acid ,salicylic acid ,diseases ,physiology ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Botany ,QK1-989 - Abstract
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as alterações nos níveis de ácido chiquímico e ácido salicílico em plantas de cana-de-açúcar submetidas à aplicação de maturadores. Aplicou-se glyphosate nas doses de 400 e 200 mL ha-1 e na dose de 150 mL ha-1 em mistura com sulfumeturon-methyl a 12 e 20 g ha-1 e sulfumeturon-methyl a 20 g ha-1. As avaliações foram realizadas aos 15 e 30 dias após a aplicação (DAA) e aos 30, 60, 90, 120 e 150 dias após a colheita da cana-de-açúcar. Os teores de ácido chiquímico e salicílico nas plantas de canade-açúcar foram determinados por cromatografia líquida e espectrometria de massas. Os resultados mostraram que as doses de glyphosate correlacionaram-se diretamente com as concentrações de ácido chiquímico na planta, sendo superiores à da testemunha. Aos 30 DAA, houve aumento na concentração de ácido salicílico em todos os tratamentos estudados, revelando um processo de senescência da planta. Maiores doses de glyphosate promoveram aumento na concentração de ácido chiquímico e ácido salicílico antes da colheita da canade-açúcar. No período de crescimento da planta, aumentos nos teores dos ácidos chiquímico e salicílico revelaram dependência da aplicação dos produtos e também dos fatores abióticos e bióticos a que a cultura foi exposta.The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of shikimic acid and salicylic acid in sugarcane plants after ripener application. Glyphosate was applied at the doses of 400 and 200 mL ha-1, with a dose of 150 mL ha-1 being mixed with sulfumeturon-methylat 12 and 20 g ha-1 and sulfumeturon-methyl at 20 g ha-1.Evaluations were performed at 15 and 30 days after application (DAA) and at 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 days after sugarcane harvest. The shikimic acid and salicylic acid contents in sugarcane were determined by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. The results showed that the glyphosate doses were directly correlated with shikimic acid concentrations in the plants, being higher than the control. An increase in salicylic acid concentration was observed at 30 DAA for all treatments, revealing a process of plant senescence. Higher glyphosate doses led to increased concentrations of shikimic acid and salicylic acid before sugarcane harvest. During plant growth, increases in shikimic acid and salicylic acid levels showed dependence on application of products and on the biotic and abiotic factors to which the culture had been exposed.
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- 2012
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8. Productivity of maize and enzymes activity carbohydrate metabolism with foliar fertilizers containing water shale
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João Peterson Pereira Gardin et al.
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Alternative Inputs ,Secondary Metabolism ,Induction of Resistance ,Phytoalexin ,Shikimic Acid ,Enzymes ,Biotechnology ,TP248.13-248.65 ,Food processing and manufacture ,TP368-456 - Abstract
Brazilian agriculture has sought new supplies and materials to ensure the sustainability and sovereignty of the country. Thus, there is also interest in the search for appropriate fertilizers to different production systems. The water shale (AX) constitutes one of the products of industrial processing of shale, sedimentary rock of Permian age, with features to meet this demand. Thus, in order to evaluate the efficiency of use of such product on the grain yield of corn and enzyme activity, an experiment was conducted with application of foliar fertilizers based on AX and combined with various nutrients.The experimental design was randomized blocks with four replications. The treatments were: 1) control (without fertilization leaf), 2) AX + micronutrients, 3) and commercial foliar fertilizer 4) AX. The starch content in corn kernels wereshown to be influenced by foliar fertilization performed. From a physiological standpoint, the highest grain yield seems tobe associated with the synthesis and accumulation of starch and the activity of sucrose synthase (SuSy).
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- 2011
9. Fosfito de potássio não protege plantas de milho contra os efeitos fitotóxicos do glyphosate.
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Cotrick Gomes, Giovanna Larissa Gimenes, Velini, Edivaldo Domingues, and Carbonari, Caio Antonio
- Abstract
Copyright of Agricultural Research in the Tropics / Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical is the property of Pesquisa Agropecuaria Tropical and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2015
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10. Hormesis of glyphosate in coffee: morphological, physiological and biochemical responses
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Costa, Renato Nunes [UNESP], Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), and Carbonari, Caio Antonio
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Hometic effect ,Subdoses ,Ácido chiquímico ,Efeito hormético ,Estímulo de crescimento ,Fotossíntese ,Underdoses ,Photosynthesis ,Shikimic acid ,Growth stimulus - Abstract
Submitted by Renato Nunes Costa (renato.costa@unesp.br) on 2021-02-17T02:55:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Renato Nunes Costa - Final.pdf: 3460528 bytes, checksum: 0ab5c18b3a6ca9fe3e1dc477f35378b9 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Ana Lucia de Grava Kempinas (ana.kempinas@unesp.br) on 2021-02-17T19:06:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 costa_rn_dr_botfca.pdf: 3460528 bytes, checksum: 0ab5c18b3a6ca9fe3e1dc477f35378b9 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2021-02-17T19:06:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 costa_rn_dr_botfca.pdf: 3460528 bytes, checksum: 0ab5c18b3a6ca9fe3e1dc477f35378b9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-12-17 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Na cafeicultura, a utilização do glyphosate constitui uma das principais ferramentas no manejo de plantas daninhas, porém o contato direto com o produto, a depender da taxa de exposição, pode comprometer o crescimento e rendimento da cultura. O glyphosate é um herbicida não seletivo de ação sistêmica, que ao inibir a enzima 5-enolpiruvilchiquimato-3-fosfato sintase (EPSPs) compromete a produção de aminoácidos aromáticos essenciais e, consequentemente, o crescimento e desenvolvimento vegetal, porém em baixas doses pode promover o estímulo de parâmetros morfológicos, fisiológicos e bioquímicos das plantas, o que pode ser entendido como hormesis. Dessa forma, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito hormético do glyphosate na morfologia, fisiologia e bioquímica de plantas de café. Mudas de café (Coffea arabica cv Catuaí Vermelho IAC-144) foram transplantadas em vasos de 6 L, preenchidos com a mistura de solo e substrato. Os tratamentos foram dispostos em delineamento inteiramente casualisado com cinco repetições e as plantas foram submetidas a dez doses de glyphosate: 0; 11,25; 22,5; 45; 90; 180; 360; 720; 1440 e 2880 g e.a. ha-1. As avaliações foram realizadas por meio de variáveis morfológicas: altura, número de folhas, acúmulo de biomassa e outros parâmetros que caracterizaram o crescimento das plantas e a dinâmica foliar; variáveis fisiológicas: análise de trocas gasosas e fluorescência da clorofila; análises bioquímicas: teor interno de glyphosate e compostos produzidos na rota do ácido chiquímico. O efeito hormético do glyphosate na morfologia de plantas de café se deu pelas variáveis altura de planta, número de folhas, área foliar, massa seca foliar, caule e total, taxa de crescimento absoluta, índice de área foliar, duração de área foliar, taxa emissão e expansão foliar que foram estimuladas pela aplicação de subdoses. As doses de 14,5 a 30 g e.a. ha-1, acarretam os maiores estímulos, que por sua vez variou de 10,2 a 26,2%. Nas análises fisiológicas os maiores estímulos (14,7 a 58,7%) foram observados sobre a assimilação de CO2, transpiração, condutância estomática, eficiência de carboxilação, eficiência intrínseca do uso da água, taxa de transporte de elétrons e eficiência fotoquímica do PSII em doses que variaram de 4,4 a 55 g e.a. ha-1. Sobre as análises bioquímicas, a aplicação de subdoses de glyphosate acarretou aumento significativo na concentração do ácido quínico, ácido salicílico, ácido caféico e ácido cumárico, com estímulo máximo entre as doses de 3 a 140 g e.a. ha-1 a depender do composto avaliado e da época de avaliação. Desta forma, a aplicação em baixas doses de glyphosate apresenta implicações positivas sobre a morfologia, fisiologia e bioquímica de plantas de café. In coffee farming, the use of glyphosate is one of the main tools in the management of weeds, however direct contact with the product, depending on the exposure rate, can compromise the growth and yield of the crop. The glyphosate is a non-selective herbicide with systemic action, which by inhibiting the enzyme 5-enolpyruvylchiquimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPs) compromises the production of essential aromatic amino acids and, consequently, plant growth and development, however in low doses can promote the stimulation of morphological, physiological and biochemical parameters of plants, which can be understood as hormesis. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the hormetic effect of glyphosate on the morphology, physiology and biochemistry of coffee plants. Coffee seedlings (Coffea arabica cv Catuaí Vermelho IAC-144) were transplanted in 6 L pots, filled with the mixture of soil and substrate. The treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design with five replications and the plants were subjected to ten doses of glyphosate: 0; 11.25; 22.5; 45; 90; 180; 360; 720; 1440 and 2880 g ae ha-1. The evaluations were carried out by means of morphological variables: height, number of leaves, accumulation of biomass and other features that characterized the growth of plants and leaf dynamics; physiological variables: analysis of gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence; biochemical analysis: compounds produced in the route of the shikimic acid. The hometic effect of glyphosate on coffee plants morphology was due to the variables plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, leaf dry mass, stem and total, absolute growth rate, leaf area index, leaf area duration, emission rate and leaf expansion that were stimulated by the application of underdoses. The doses of 14.5 to 30 g ae ha-1, resulted in the greatest stimuli, which ranged from 10.2 to 26.2%. In the physiological analyzes, the greatest stimuli (14.7 to 58.7%) were observed on CO2 assimilation, transpiration, stomatal conductance, carboxylation efficiency, intrinsic efficiency of water use, electron transport rate and photochemical efficiency of PSII in doses ranging from 4.4 to 55 g ae ha-1. Regarding biochemical analyzes, the application of underdoses of glyphosate resulted in a significant increase in the concentration of quinic, salicylic, caffeic and cumáric acids, with maximum stimulation between doses of 3 to 140 g ae ha-1 depending on the compound evaluated and the time of evaluation. Thus, the application in low doses of glyphosate has positive implications for the morphology and physiology of coffee plants. 001
- Published
- 2020
11. Propriedades antioxidantes, anti-inflamatórias e antinociceptivas do ácido chiquímico
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Rabelo, Thallita Kelly and Gelain, Daniel Pens
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Inflammation ,Nociception ,Ácido chiquímico ,RAW 264.7 ,Antioxidantes ,SH-SY5Y ,Antioxidants ,Inflamação ,Neuroblastoma ,Oxirredução ,Anti-inflamatórios ,Estresse oxidativo ,Dor ,Shikimic acid - Abstract
A investigação do potencial terapêutico de compostos naturais não tóxicos capazes de prevenir ou reduzir o impacto do estresse oxidativo em doenças inflamatórias diretamente relacionadas a dor tem exercido um papel fundamental no desenvolvimento de novas medicamentos. O ácido chiquímico (ACH) é um composto natural originalmente extraído da Illicium verum Hook. f., uma planta medicinal usada no tratamento de doenças inflamatórias. Apesar do ACH ter sido usado como um precursor químico na síntese do antiviral Tamiflu®, o seu potencial como um composto anti-inflamatório e antioxidante, já enraizado pelo uso popular, ainda permanece desconhecido. Baseado nisso, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a atividade antioxidante, anti-inflamatória e antinociceptiva do ACH em modelos in vitro e in vivo. Inicialmente as propriedades físico-químicas do ACH foram avaliadas e a atividade antioxidante comprovada, bem como seu potencial de proteger a morte celular induzida por peróxido de hidrogênio em células de neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y. O ACH atenuou a inflamação induzida pelo LPS em macrófagos RAW 264.7, foi capaz de inibir a produção de citocinas (TNF-α e IL-β) e de NO, assim como a ativação das MAPKs (ERK1/2 e P38) induzida pelo LPS, sugerindo que o ACH pode exercer uma atividade anti-inflamatória. In vivo, o ACH bloqueou a hiperalgesia mediada pela carragenina (CG), TNF-α, prostaglandinas (PEG2) e dopamina (DA) em camundongos. Esses resultados sugerem que o efeito antinociceptivo do ACH pode ser atribuído, em parte, a sua ação antioxidante e anti-inflamatória, dois mecanismos que sustentam a transdução do sinal doloroso. The investigation of the therapeutic potential of natural non-toxic compounds capable of counteracting oxidative stress associated with inflammatory disease and painful conditions, has been of key interest in drug development. Shiquimic acid (SA) is a nature-derived compound originally extracted from Illicium verum Hook. f., a chinese medicinal herb used to treat inflammatory diseases. Even though SA has currently been used as a chemical precursor for synthesis of the antiviral Tamiflu, its potential as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant compound – already rooted by its popular use - remains unknown until now. Based on that, the aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activity of SA in vitro and in vivo models. Initially the physic-chemical properties of SA were evaluated and proven antioxidant activity, as well as its potential to protect hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death in neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. SA attenuates LPS-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophages, SA was capable of inhibiting TNF-α and IL-1β cytokines production, NO production as well as LPS-induced activation of MAPKs (p38 and ERK1/2), thus suggesting that SA may exert anti-inflammatory activity. In vivo, SA blocked carrageenan, TNF-alpha-, prostaglandin (PE2)-, and dopamine-induced hyperalgesia in mice. These results suggest that anti-nociceptive effect of SA could be attributed, at least in part, to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions, two mechanisms underpinning painful signal transduction.
- Published
- 2016
12. Competitiveness and genetic characteristics of Conyza bonariensis from Rio Grande do Sul State
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Silva, Diecson Ruy Orsolin da and Agostinetto, Dirceu
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Série de substituição ,Hairy fleabane ,Replacement series ,Competition period ,Soja ,Ácido chiquímico ,Fotossíntese ,Período de competição ,Soybeans ,Shikimic acid ,Photosynthesis ,CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::FITOSSANIDADE [CNPQ] ,Nível de dano econômico - Abstract
Submitted by Gabriela Lopes (gmachadolopesufpel@gmail.com) on 2020-06-10T01:45:56Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Tese_Diecson_Ruy_Silva.pdf: 1529572 bytes, checksum: e413e672caeaa29d6a134df564571690 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2020-06-10T04:25:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Tese_Diecson_Ruy_Silva.pdf: 1529572 bytes, checksum: e413e672caeaa29d6a134df564571690 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-06-10T04:25:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Tese_Diecson_Ruy_Silva.pdf: 1529572 bytes, checksum: e413e672caeaa29d6a134df564571690 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-05-26 Conyza bonariensis (buva) é a principal planta daninha resistente ao herbicida glifosato que infesta lavouras de soja no Rio Grande do Sul. As plantas daninhas resistentes a herbicidas podem ter sua habilidade competitiva modificada, em função da capacidade em resistir à ação do herbicida. O conhecimento da habilidade competitiva das plantas daninhas nos permite adotar as melhores estratégias de manejá-las nos cultivos agrícolas, sem que ocorram prejuízos econômicos para os agricultores. O estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a competitividade de biótipos de buva com a cultura da soja; determinar a interferência dos períodos de controle e de convivência; avaliar a perda da produtividade e o nível de dano econômico (NDE) de biótipos de buva resistentes ao herbicida glifosato sobre a cultura da soja; respostas fotossintéticas entre biótipos resistentes e suscetíveis ao herbicida glifosato; determinar alterações nas fotossíntese e acúmulo de ácido chiquímico em biótipos de buva sob efeito do glifosato; e caracterizar a diversidade de biótipos de buva ocorrentes no RS. Os resultados dos experimentos evidenciam que a cultivar de soja CD 226 RR possui menor habilidade competitiva que os biótipos de buva, e o biótipo suscetível apresenta maior dano à cultura da soja; a soja apresenta maior estresse oxidativo quando em competição com biótipo resistente; a cultivar de soja BRS Estância RR possui maior habilidade competitiva que a buva independente do estádio de desenvolvimento, e a soja não sofre com a competição por recursos de 8 solo, luz ou ambos. Períodos crescentes de convivência de buva com a soja afetam as respostas morfológicas e fisiológicas da cultura. E o incremento da população de buva impacta negativamente a produtividade da cultura e é mais econômico controlar as plantas de buva quando se distribuem em maior população. O biótipo resistente de buva apresenta melhor adaptabilidade fotossintética comparado com o biótipo suscetível. O efeito de glifosato sobre os biótipos de buva é mais intenso sobre o biótipo suscetível, reduzindo o crescimento e inibindo completamente as variáveis fotossintéticas e a enzima EPSPs. A técnica de RAPD pode ser importante ferramenta para caracterização de espécies de Conyza. Conyza bonariensis (hairy fleabane) is the main glyphosate resistant weeds on soybean crops in Rio Grande do Sul State. The herbicide resistant weeds may have modified their competitive ability, due to the ability to resist the action of the herbicide. Knowledge of weed competitive ability allows us to adopt the best management strategies to improve the crops, without incurring economic losses for farmers. The study aimed to evaluate the competitiveness of biotypes of hairy fleabane in soybean; determine the interference of control periods and coexistence; assess the crop yield loss and the threshold level of glyphosate resistant hairy fleabane biotypes on soybeans; photosynthetic responses between glyphosate resistant and susceptible biotypes; determine changes in photosynthesis and accumulation of shikimic acid in hairy fleabane biotypes under glyphosate effect, and characterize the hairy fleabane diversity occurring in Rio Grande do Sul State. The experimental results show that the cultivar CD 226 RR has a lower competitive ability that hairy fleabane biotypes, and susceptible biotype is more damage to soybean, soybean has a higher oxidative stress when in competition with resistant biotype; cultivar BRS Estância RR has greater competitive ability than horseweed regardless of stage of development, and soy does not suffer from competition for resources of soil, light or both. The Increasing coexistence periods of hairy fleabane with soybean affect the physiological and morphological responses of crop. And the increase in hairy 10 fleabane population impacts negatively crop yield and is more economical control hairy fleabane plants when allocating a greater population. The glyphosate resistant hairy fleabane biotype has better adaptability photosynthetic compared with the glyphosate susceptible population. The effect of glyphosate on the hairy fleabane biotypes is most intense on the glyphosate susceptible biotype, reducing growth and inhibiting completely the photosynthesis variable and EPSPs enzyme. RAPD analysis can be important tool for characterization Conyza species.
- Published
- 2013
13. Response of sugarcane metabolism to ripener application
- Author
-
Edivaldo Domingues Velini, Caio Antonio Carbonari, Fernando Gustavo Tonin, D. K. Meschede, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), and Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
- Subjects
doenças ,Physiology ,salicylic acid ,physiology ,ácido chiquímico ,Plant Science ,fisiologia ,shikimic acid ,ácido salicílico ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Biochemistry ,diseases - Abstract
Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:52:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-83582012000100013.pdf: 191000 bytes, checksum: 8ad34f1fcbf3edf689fb69b5b44f6681 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:52:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-83582012000100013.pdf: 191000 bytes, checksum: 8ad34f1fcbf3edf689fb69b5b44f6681 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T17:47:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-83582012000100013.pdf: 191000 bytes, checksum: 8ad34f1fcbf3edf689fb69b5b44f6681 (MD5) S0100-83582012000100013.pdf.txt: 25026 bytes, checksum: f3fb1a846ddd4c19d787942a1d76103b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:20:58Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-83582012000100013.pdf: 191000 bytes, checksum: 8ad34f1fcbf3edf689fb69b5b44f6681 (MD5) S0100-83582012000100013.pdf.txt: 25026 bytes, checksum: f3fb1a846ddd4c19d787942a1d76103b (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:20:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-83582012000100013.pdf: 191000 bytes, checksum: 8ad34f1fcbf3edf689fb69b5b44f6681 (MD5) S0100-83582012000100013.pdf.txt: 25026 bytes, checksum: f3fb1a846ddd4c19d787942a1d76103b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-01 O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as alterações nos níveis de ácido chiquímico e ácido salicílico em plantas de cana-de-açúcar submetidas à aplicação de maturadores. Aplicou-se glyphosate nas doses de 400 e 200 mL ha-1 e na dose de 150 mL ha-1 em mistura com sulfumeturon-methyl a 12 e 20 g ha-1 e sulfumeturon-methyl a 20 g ha-1. As avaliações foram realizadas aos 15 e 30 dias após a aplicação (DAA) e aos 30, 60, 90, 120 e 150 dias após a colheita da cana-de-açúcar. Os teores de ácido chiquímico e salicílico nas plantas de canade-açúcar foram determinados por cromatografia líquida e espectrometria de massas. Os resultados mostraram que as doses de glyphosate correlacionaram-se diretamente com as concentrações de ácido chiquímico na planta, sendo superiores à da testemunha. Aos 30 DAA, houve aumento na concentração de ácido salicílico em todos os tratamentos estudados, revelando um processo de senescência da planta. Maiores doses de glyphosate promoveram aumento na concentração de ácido chiquímico e ácido salicílico antes da colheita da canade-açúcar. No período de crescimento da planta, aumentos nos teores dos ácidos chiquímico e salicílico revelaram dependência da aplicação dos produtos e também dos fatores abióticos e bióticos a que a cultura foi exposta. The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of shikimic acid and salicylic acid in sugarcane plants after ripener application. Glyphosate was applied at the doses of 400 and 200 mL ha-1, with a dose of 150 mL ha-1 being mixed with sulfumeturon-methylat 12 and 20 g ha-1 and sulfumeturon-methyl at 20 g ha-1.Evaluations were performed at 15 and 30 days after application (DAA) and at 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 days after sugarcane harvest. The shikimic acid and salicylic acid contents in sugarcane were determined by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. The results showed that the glyphosate doses were directly correlated with shikimic acid concentrations in the plants, being higher than the control. An increase in salicylic acid concentration was observed at 30 DAA for all treatments, revealing a process of plant senescence. Higher glyphosate doses led to increased concentrations of shikimic acid and salicylic acid before sugarcane harvest. During plant growth, increases in shikimic acid and salicylic acid levels showed dependence on application of products and on the biotic and abiotic factors to which the culture had been exposed. UNESP FCA Dep. de Produção Vegetal USP Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos UNESP FCA Dep. de Produção Vegetal
- Published
- 2012
14. Response of sugarcane metabolism to ripener application
- Author
-
Meschede,D.K., Velini,E.D., Tonin,F.G., and Carbonari,C.A
- Subjects
doenças ,salicylic acid ,physiology ,ácido chiquímico ,fisiologia ,shikimic acid ,ácido salicílico ,diseases - Abstract
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as alterações nos níveis de ácido chiquímico e ácido salicílico em plantas de cana-de-açúcar submetidas à aplicação de maturadores. Aplicou-se glyphosate nas doses de 400 e 200 mL ha-1 e na dose de 150 mL ha-1 em mistura com sulfumeturon-methyl a 12 e 20 g ha-1 e sulfumeturon-methyl a 20 g ha-1. As avaliações foram realizadas aos 15 e 30 dias após a aplicação (DAA) e aos 30, 60, 90, 120 e 150 dias após a colheita da cana-de-açúcar. Os teores de ácido chiquímico e salicílico nas plantas de canade-açúcar foram determinados por cromatografia líquida e espectrometria de massas. Os resultados mostraram que as doses de glyphosate correlacionaram-se diretamente com as concentrações de ácido chiquímico na planta, sendo superiores à da testemunha. Aos 30 DAA, houve aumento na concentração de ácido salicílico em todos os tratamentos estudados, revelando um processo de senescência da planta. Maiores doses de glyphosate promoveram aumento na concentração de ácido chiquímico e ácido salicílico antes da colheita da canade-açúcar. No período de crescimento da planta, aumentos nos teores dos ácidos chiquímico e salicílico revelaram dependência da aplicação dos produtos e também dos fatores abióticos e bióticos a que a cultura foi exposta. The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of shikimic acid and salicylic acid in sugarcane plants after ripener application. Glyphosate was applied at the doses of 400 and 200 mL ha-1, with a dose of 150 mL ha-1 being mixed with sulfumeturon-methylat 12 and 20 g ha-1 and sulfumeturon-methyl at 20 g ha-1.Evaluations were performed at 15 and 30 days after application (DAA) and at 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 days after sugarcane harvest. The shikimic acid and salicylic acid contents in sugarcane were determined by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. The results showed that the glyphosate doses were directly correlated with shikimic acid concentrations in the plants, being higher than the control. An increase in salicylic acid concentration was observed at 30 DAA for all treatments, revealing a process of plant senescence. Higher glyphosate doses led to increased concentrations of shikimic acid and salicylic acid before sugarcane harvest. During plant growth, increases in shikimic acid and salicylic acid levels showed dependence on application of products and on the biotic and abiotic factors to which the culture had been exposed.
- Published
- 2012
15. Glyphosate on eucalyptus resistance to rust (Puccinia psidii)
- Author
-
L.D. Tuffi Santos, A.C. Alfenas, Lino Roberto Ferreira, Francisco A. Ferreira, R. Neves Graça, and S. Oda
- Subjects
biology ,Physiology ,Inoculation ,Puccinia psidii ,Plant Science ,doença de plantas ,Shikimic acid ,Plant disease resistance ,biology.organism_classification ,Biochemistry ,Rust ,Eucalyptus ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Eucalyptus spp ,Agronomy ,chemistry ,herbicide ,Glyphosate ,herbicida ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Urediniospore ,plant disease - Abstract
O glyphosate é o herbicida mais usado no controle de plantas daninhas em eucalipto, atuando diretamente na rota do ácido chiquímico, principal via de formação de compostos ligados aos mecanismos de defesa das plantas, como: lignina, ácido salicítico e fitoalexinas. Assim, o contato do glyphosate com as folhas do eucalipto pode levar a conseqüências importantes sobre a resistência a doenças. Objetivou-se neste estudo avaliar o envolvimento do glyphosate, via deriva, na severidade da ferrugem causada por Puccinia psidii em genótipos de eucalipto com diferentes níveis de resistência ao patógeno. Para isso, mudas de quatro clones – dois heterozigotos resistentes à ferrugem (UFV01 e UFV02) e dois homozigotos suscetíveis (UFV03 e UFV04) – foram submetidas às subdoses de 0 (testemunha); 28,8; 57,6; 86,4; e 115,2 g ha-1 de glyphosate, simulando deriva. Três dias após a aplicação do glyphosate, as plantas foram inoculadas com o isolado monopustular UFV1 de P. psidii, obtido de Eucalyptus grandis, na região de Itapetininga, SP. Aos 21 dias após a inoculação, foram avaliados a severidade de ferrugem, utilizando-se uma escala diagramática com quatro classes (S0 e S1 resistentes à ferrugem e S2 e S3 suscetíveis), o número de pústulas cm-2 de área foliar, a área foliar lesionada pela ferrugem, o número médio de urediniósporos cm-2 de área foliar, o número médio de urediniósporos/pústula e a porcentagem de intoxicação pelo glyphosate. O clone UFV04 foi o mais sensível ao glyphosate, enquanto o UFV01 apresentou maior tolerância ao herbicida. O glyphosate não alterou o nível de resistência à ferrugem nos genótipos resistentes (UFV01 e UFV02) que apresentaram ausência de pústulas nas folhas, tanto em plantas expostas à deriva quanto nas testemunhas. Para os demais clones, manteve-se a suscetibilidade à ferrugem, embora, com o aumento das doses de glyphosate, tenha se observado diminuição da severidade da doença. Conclui-se que o glyphosate não afetou a resistência do eucalipto a Puccinia psidii, ocorrendo diminuição da severidade da doença em plantas expostas ao glyphosate via deriva, e que existe tolerância diferencial entre os clones ao herbicida. Glyphosate is the herbicide most applied on eucalyptus plantations for weed control, acting directly on the shikimic acid pathway, the main via for the formation of compounds connected with the natural defenses of the plant, such as lignin, salicytic acid and phytoalexins. Thus, glyphosate contact with the leaves of the plant through drift may have important consequences for disease resistance. The aim of our research was to evaluate glyphosate drift involvement with severity of rust caused by Puccinia psidii in genotypes with different levels of resistance to the pathogen, after inoculation in a controlled environment. Seedlings of four clones, two heterozygote clones resistant to rust (UFV01 and UFV02) and two homozygote clones susceptible to rust (UFV03 and UFV04) were submitted to sub-doses of 0 (control); 28.8, 57.6, 86.4 and 115.2 g ha-1 of glyphosate simulating drift. Three days after glyphosate application, the plants were inoculated with UFV01 isolated from P. psidii obtained from Eucalyptus grandis in the Itapetininga region. On day 21 after inoculation, the following parameters were evaluated: rust intensity, by means of a diagrammatic scale with four classes of severity (SO and S2 resistant to rust and S2 and S3 susceptible to rust), number of pustules per leaf area, area affected by rust, average number of urediniospores cm-2, glyphosate percentage intoxication, and average number of urediniospores/pustule. Clone UFV04 was found to be the most susceptible while UFV01 was the most tolerant to the herbicide. Drift did not change the level of resistance to rust with respect to the resistant genotypes (UFV01 and UFV02) which presented no pustule both in plants exposed to drift and control plants. Susceptibility was maintained for the other clones, with a higher pustule density and higher percentage of affected area becoming evident for clone UFV03. For some clones susceptible to rust, rust severity decreased with glyphosate dosage increase. It was concluded that glyphosate did not affect eucalyptus resistance to Puccinia psidii and that there is differential tolerance to the herbicide among the clones.
- Published
- 2007
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