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It is essential to map the knowledge already produced scientifically to present significant aspects of new works' production. In this sense, to contribute to education and educational informatics, we aim to point out the scientific approaches between the union of metacognition and computational thinking in the use of robotics through a systematic mapping. Given this, a qualitative-quantitative, exploratory, bibliographic approach is applied, which falls within the scope of a state of knowledge. For the organization of information, we used a robust string that aggregates: "computational thinking, metacognition" and "robotics metacognition". Theses, dissertations, and articles in Education and Computer Science Programs were searched. As a result of the screening, a dissertation was filtered to make the interlocution with the questions of this article, evidencing guiding approaches for guiding approaches future research. It is concluded that there is a lack of research in this sphere, and what becomes motivating for new productions that involve, mainly, the metacognitive and computational thoughts in "the use of robotics" can be directed to "complete control of learning". In addition, the article enables a vision directed to the knowledge already elaborated on the search string and points out different approaches to future scientific productions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: To assess the practical knowledge, interest, and training levels of surgeons enrolled in the Brazilian College of Surgeons (CBC) of the municipality of Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, regarding robotic surgery. Methods: Cross-sectional study, based on information collected with a questionnaire sent to potential participants via digital platform. The form contained structured and self-administered questions, to characterize their professional profile, skills in minimally invasive surgery, knowledge, opinion, and specific training in robotic surgery. Results: Of the 146 members enrolled in the CBC of the municipality of Porto Alegre, 99 (67.8%) responded to the questionnaire. Most were males (88%) with a mean age of 48 years. Video-laparoscopic or video-assisted procedures were the most frequent in the participants' practice. Of the sample, most (78%) already watched at least one robotic surgery, and one third (n = 30) had already completed some sort of training or simulation course in robotic surgery. Among those who did not, two thirds intend to pursue formal training in the future. Only 10% of participating surgeons are certified in the area. Conclusion: Most responding surgeons enrolled in the CBC in Porto Alegre perform mostly minimally invasive procedures daily and believe that the robotic technology will be the future of surgery. Although not yet available in most services of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, it is expected that the development of new platforms and the reduction of costs involved in equipment acquisition and surgical training will facilitate the dissemination of this technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents and addresses a new tool that we call the EME index. It is a tool for assessing the design of hardware and software embodied in technological devices employed in the process of teaching robotics and programming to early childhood children. The EMEX index is critical since there is strong momentum in favour of incorporating the teaching of programming and robotics from the early years of schooling. The EME index is one that will rank the designs of technological devices in terms of the type of experience they promote and the appropriation of knowledge and uses they enable. Thus, it involves a kind of evaluation that refers to versatility, access to expansion possibilities, power sources, and assembly, assuming that these features materialize (or not) different learning experiences for the subjects that interact with such devices. The name EME refers to the dimensions of Assembly - Modification - Expansion -which works for evaluating designs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of artificial intelligence to sensor data and management systems in farms are developing to follow-up programs in real time, furnishing recommendations and insights in activities and support to farmers' decisions. A review on the application of artificial intelligence in agricultural production is provided. Types of research were listed (a) neural networks; (b) supervised learning and (c) dynamic methods. Categorization of articles showed the manner agriculture may benefit by technologies through artificial intelligence by management, more precise decision-taking, optimization of profits, productivity and sustainability. This results in methods with great efficiency when integrated to a robust information system constructed on functions that may be managed by users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To map care technologies capable of subsidizing safety in the stages of the organ transplantation process. Methods: Scope review developed in five stages through searches in six databases, between October and November 2020. Results: Among the selected publications, 2020 was the year with the highest number of studies (25.92%), the PubMed database had the largest selection of articles (37.03%) and the country with the largest number of publications was the United States (51.85%). As for the care technologies identified, 77.77% were light-hard and 22.22% were hard. Regarding the type of technology, 51.85% are digital, 22.22% machines / equipment, 14.81% predictive models and others related to protocol and robotic technology (11.11%). Conclusion: In relation to the potential of the technologies, they provide monitoring, data tracking, health education, permanent education, rapid and effective communication of organs, as well as quality in the stages of the transplant and safety processes. The impact of this study is the visualization of the panorama of technological development in health in the context of organ transplants, highlighting the areas that are being studied and the problems in this context that are being solved through health technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the experience report of the practical application project in basic education, its methodological proposal being the evaluation of learning during the course of classes/workshops, so that students both develop conceptual knowledge and practice in the creation of robots, through practical activities and in accordance with the school curriculum, acquiring knowledge of the evolution of technologies and the fundamentals of low-cost or scrap sustainable robotics, basic programming concepts and the importance of sustainability and preservation of the environment, linked to the Mathematics discipline concepts. As main results, we present a systematization for selflearning and self-assessment of students throughout the teaching and learning process, based on the theory of Computational Thinking and Creative Learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Fetal surgery is very important for the treatment of congenital anomalies capable of causing fetal death. Some fetal diseases identified during prenatal care can be treated surgically, such as Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia, Twin--twin Transfusion Syndrome and Myelomeningocele. For a minimally invasive approach the robotic application is being analyzed. Objective: To identify scientific evidence in the literature about the help of robotics in fetal surgery to analyze the prognosis of fetuses with congenital malformations. Method: Twenty articles were selected from the following databases: Scielo, PubMed, IEEE Xplore, BVS and Cambridge Core with the keywords "fetus", "surgery"; "fetal surgery", "robotic" and "robot", with the "E" connector. Discussion: A large amount of robots developed for fetal surgery is evidenced, composed of joints similar to the movement of the human wrist that add advantages for maternal-fetal health during and after the operation. However, some still need certain modifications. Conclusion: Robotics brings benefits to a minimally invasive fetal procedure, such as the reduction of surgical risks and physiological tremors of surgeons and greater precision. However, experiments on human fetuses during pregnancy with the proposed robots are still needed to confirm these advances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among the possibilities of using Digital Technologies of Information and Communication in education, Educational Robotics has been gaining space, especially by favoring an interdisciplinary teaching and contextualized with reality. However, most of the experiences described are in the form of one-off workshops, with limited duration, with no continuity in the activities developed. This paper presents how a Brazilian municipal public school, which serves students from the first stage of Elementary Education, a pioneer in their municipality to implement Educational Robotics, followed the paths for consolidating this work that has been happening since 2015 in a perspective of continuity and progression of the contents, and as an integrated practice into his Political Pedagogical Project, in addition to investigating, through data obtained in a non-directive interview with the instructor responsible for the classes and semi-structured questionnaires applied to teachers and those responsible for students, how the school community has perceived its impacts. The conclusions indicate positive results in student learning and that the pedagogical practices developed can contribute, in a relevant way, to different aspects of development in an integral perspective. Still, this research can help other schools that wish to start activities with Educational Robotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of robotic systems in the modern world is increasing, because it allows complex and even impossible tasks for human beings to be efficiently and accurately developed. Furthermore, a robotic system is multidisciplinary with constant evolution, since it involves different technological and engineering fields. In order to provide a technological inclusion scenario, "Universidade Católica Dom Bosco's Programming and Robotics" extension project aims to instigate interest in technological areas in elementary and high school. To this end, it has provided theoretical and practical classes, for over 10 years, in partnership with public and private schools, developing instruction activities and experiments that provide classic concepts of engineering, physics, English, text interpretation, mathematics and information technology in a practical way through LEGO kits and programming languages. During its trajectory, the project reached more than 1000 students directly and indirectly, instigating knowledge that helped in professional choices, providing unique opportunities, since education like this is only possible in specialized schools with relatively inaccessible cost. With free availability, the project serves all elementary and high school students in the municipality of Campo Grande, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research had as objective to develop a sequence of teaching and learning of the phenomenon of the Meeting of Bodies in Uniform Movement, articulating elements of Didactic Engineering and the dynamics of experimentation, with Educational Robotics. The methodological design was guided by the stages of Didactic Engineering: Preliminary Analysis, Conception and a priori Analysis of Teaching Situations, Experimentation and a posteriori Analysis, and Validation, which guided the construction of the teaching and learning process, its implementation in contexts of a high school and its analysis. The results of our observations indicated improvements in the strategies of solving the questions involving the phenomenon of the Meeting of Bodies, from the structuring of the hourly equations of space of each robot and matching their positions to determine the instant of encounter. The elements of Didactic Engineering present in our investigations have allowed us to follow and plan teacher reworking needs to overcome obstacles and perceive gaps in conceptual comprehension. The use of robotics, as an educational tool, provided an environment of differentiated construction and experimentation for the approach of the phenomenon of Bodies Meeting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physics is typically introduced to students through kinematics. In general, students learn to solve simple examples, for example, how to find the time of a journey from one position to another one. With the popularization of computer science, it is important to present problems which can be analyzed playfully on the computer. With this objective, through simulations, we study different strategies for the kinematics of a robot that must map a room. The efficiencies of the different strategies were compared by calculating some quantities from the trajectories, such as Convex Hull and Entropy. Comparing these quantities, it is possible to discuss the mapping performed by each one of them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A variable degree of autonomy associated to a Drone (unmanned aerial vehicle or UAV) and a Robot (mechanical device), allows both to perform a range of pre-programmed tasks. The educational programmes in classroom allow students to control miniature versions of drones and robots. Combined with other electronic devices, Tablets and Smartphones (seen as tangible items) are tools that positively contribute to the learning process of most subjects, especially in Programming. The relatively affordable prices and small dimensions are perfectly adequate to any academic setting. With the use of these devices, conditions are created to change the method of working in the classroom and to reflect on how they can promote the learning of Programming. After identifying the accurate nature of students' difficulties on learning Programming, the challenge is to find the appropriate strategies to overcome these same problems. The intent is, then, to understand how the use of programmable tangible items (such as Drones, Robots, Smartphones and Tablets) contributes to students learning Programming with focus and contentment, by completing small projects within specific learning scenarios, stimulating a critical stance, as well as effort and persistence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article refers to research guided by the proposition of educational robotics as pedagogical interdisciplinary practical alternative constituent to traditional teaching curricula. Admitting that educational robotics has the potential to make the student producers and not just consumers of digital technology, and the teacher protagonist in the processes of (re) of the practice building, the goal is to evaluate the possibility of robotics in school to present, no as another strategic action instrument, but as an opportunity to interact with technology in a list of construction and reconstruction practices. The research included a literature and also with a field survey obtained through experience at school and reports of teachers. The data obtained allow us to state that robotics in school can be accepted as an interdisciplinary practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the development of the educational robotic tool through the application of LEGO KIT applied to students of Basic Education of SESI/ SENAI in Catalan. To support this work, we sought theoretical arguments in relevant articles that deal with the subject in the academic and institutional Google database SESI and SENAI, which from the reading and analysis of the theories cited in the texts, provided the content for the argumentation of the discussions on the mechanisms for applying the LEGO KIT to EBEP students. The methodology was the selective and exploratory bibliographical review, through the reading of institutional material and interview of the pedagogical team of the institution and students participating in the project, comparison of performance results of participation in the FLL Tournament, ENEM, SISUTEC and vestibular. After the case study it was verified that educational robotics can be an innovative and dynamic tool of the teachinglearning process in an educational institution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the themes presented at the III International Meeting on the History of Nursing, organized by the Portuguese Society for the History of Nursing, and at the International Nurses' Day celebrated by the Union of Portuguese Nurses, the author expresses concerns and uncertainties about some challenges that are related to the delegation of competencies and the increasing use of robotics, telehealth and the health information systems in the provision of nursing care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brazilian Robotics Olympiad (BRO) is a theoretical and practical competition focused on primary school, secondary and technical students. BRO identifies young talent for science and promotes debates for teaching and learning process. This work is aimed to report an extension experience on the results from the introduction of Robotics in Education learning process. A school named Professor José Luiz de Mesquita, located in Lavras/MG - Brazil was selected for training participants in the BRO. The team success during the BRO annual editions has motivated tutors, students and teachers to proceed with robotic activities in the mentioned school. In order to include children in the technological universe, this work developed an important social function for extracurricular activities, keeping students away from risk situations, helping them to know the academic world, which can create opportunities for technological areas in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The constant evolution of robotics has brought many benefits to human life, and has proven to have the potential to solve many problems, one of these applications is the creation of machines that can provide great strength and dexterity to a human through the combination of man and machine, this machine is known as the exoskeleton. Although several solutions have been presented, most of these machines suffer from the high price charged and the difficulty of construction, making access to them restricted. This article seeks to develop a simple and inexpensive solution aiming to popularize the use of such equipment. For this, we analyzed how the cost of these machines can be reduced and simplified its system, literature searches, CAD simulations and prototypes were used during the research to reach our goal. Thus it was possible to develop an inexpensive system that can be easy constructed, and whose components are easy to access. Through the solutions and the system presented in this paper we expect that this type of technology become more popular. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work we proposed the development of an alternative device as a motivating element to learn computer science and robotics using the Raspberry PI and Arduino boards. The connections of all hardware used to build the device called Betabot are presented and are also reported the technologies used for programming the Betabot. An environment for writing programs to run at Betabot was developed. With this environment it is possible to write programs in the Python programming language, using libraries with functions specific to the device. With the Betabot using a webcam and through image processing search for patterns like faces, circles, squares and colors. The device also has functions to move servos and motors, and capture values returned by some kinds of sensors connected to communication ports. From this work, it was possible to develop a device that is easy to be manipulated and programmed, which can be used to support the teaching of computer science and robotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, Nursing Science is in the throes of revolutionary change, accelerated and driven by rapid technological innovation and by the globalisation of the health care industry. The aim of this paper is to reflect on the epistemological paradigms of nursing science in a critical perspective related to trends and emerging issues in health care. In this paper we identified and analysed some new trends and emerging paradigms in Nursing Science: knowledge focused on biotechnology; Nursing information technology knowledge; the human body as a cyborg body and the use of aesthetics in nursing practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes the development process of a vertically articulated robotic arm with three rotation joints, a claw with two fingers and the main controller implemented on a FPGA using VHDL. The process can be split into three parts and it addresses the project and execution while explaining the mechanic, electric and programming nature of the methods of the arm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the advent of globalization and accelerated scientific technical in the hospital, it was observed that nurses become increasingly specialized in a particular subject. The health centers make more professionals with a vision biological, individual, technical, focused only on treating the disease. Patients are faced with extremely professional mechanical and robotic in their daily activities. This work aims to investigate the perception of nurses about the importance and applicability of a humane environment of the intensive care unit. The method used to weave this study was based on bibliographic descriptive and analytical. I conclude that nursing must rescue the essence of the profession and not just be concerned with bureaucratic problems, structural and technical involving their day-to-day, because behind a pathology is a human being who is endowed with feelings and values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vein access can be challenging for a variety of patients. The development of robots-assisted central or peripheral veins puncture would facilitate life of health professionals and patients. New robots are under development for this purpose and probably they will become available for practical use in the near future. These techniques may decrease significantly the cost of medicine, which currently uses less informatics resources than other industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]