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Copyright of Sociologia & Antropologia is the property of Sociologia & Antropologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Lua Nova is the property of CEDEC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective of this work is to analyze the correspondence exchanged between Ofélia Queiroz and Fernando Pessoa. As we know, these are issues already vastly addressed by critics, who, in general, point out a dissimilar relationship between the experienced poet, who already was a big name in Portuguese Modernism, and the romantic young woman, dreamy and eager to get married. In this sense, Ofélia's image would be crystallized in the idea of a childish girl, accustomed to diminutives, as ridiculous as the loving nicknames created to spice up the epistolary relationship. Eduardo Lourenço (2013), for example, sees in the correspondence between the "young bourgeoisie" and the "emulus of Lautréamont" a dialogue between the poet "with another being who loved him without literature". Leila Perrone Moisés (2000, p. 177), in another valuable article about this epistolary dialogue, states: "Ofélia died single in 1991 [...]. She always remained faithful, not only to her boyfriend, but to his demands in terms of discretion". Taking the texts of these two great critics as a starting point, we will seek to read Ofélia letters taking into account her disposition towards love and literary play, which, according to our perspective, makes her as much a protagonist as the writer of Maritime ode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of ECCOM: Educação, Cultura e Comunicação is the property of ECCOM: Educacao, Cultura e Comunicacao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Configurações is the property of Centro de Investigacao em Ciencias Sociais and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Brazilian Political Geography is faced with the challenge of explaining the consequences of the deposition of President Dilma V. Rousseff, through an impeachment without a crime of responsibility and devoid of any involvement or accusation of corruption. Thus, this work seeks to highlight this movement, articulated by different forces, with suspicion of foreign financing, leading Brazil to the process of regime change, whose plot begins with protests by sectors of the middle class, allegations of espionage, sovereign foreign policy and is confused with economic and political crisis. After the impeachment filed against Dilma, the actions of oil companies and US financial capital on the pre-salt oil reserves and the financialization of the Brazilian economy were signed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Interação em Psicologia is the property of Universidade Federal do Parana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective of this study is to understand how the Umbanda movement of the beginning of the 20th century, in the state of Rio de Janeiro, anchored in the announcement of Umbanda by the Caboclo das Sete Encruzilhadas, on November 15, 1908, outlined a religious ethos with a clear racist outline. This is a qualitative research with an exploratory approach and discourse analysis. Based on the analysis of the discursive construction of the I Congress of Umbanda Spiritism (1941), we sought to elucidate concepts that could relate the construction of the religious ethos to the process of whitening the religion. The results of the research indicated that the de-Africanization of religion was an intentional strategy of "cleansing" of religion articulated by the white middle class to amalgamate the process of legitimating religion in urban society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The capitalist mode of production, still immersed in the crisis of 2007/2008, witnesses the worsening of this crisis with the COVID-19 pandemic. Seeking ways to resume the growth of their accumulation levels, it expands and deepens the forms of exploitation of the working class. These changes in labor have implications for leisure time and, in particular, leisure activities. Using the theoretical-methodological assumptions of historical-dialectical materialism and through bibliographic research, we have conducted analyses and consider that the neoliberal Brazilian state does not prioritize the guarantee of public leisure policies, further restricting the possibilities of leisure for the working class. While the bourgeoisie continues to indulge in the consumption of various leisure goods, the workers will only have the crumbs that fall from the table, until they are capable of revolutionizing this mode of production, emancipating themselves and forging socialism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pathway covered by liberalism in Brazil is winding. As an ideology imported from the European bourgeoisie, it found in a colonized country the appropriate environment for its advancement, even if contiguous to its antinomy, that is, nationalism. Particularly, within the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul, liberalism, obliquely absorbed by the Brazilian elite, oligarchies employed liberalism in an even more instrumental, and rather contradictory, way, if compared with the rest of the country. Liberalism, therefore, experienced a particular history within Rio Grande do Sul, where several conflicts were waged on its behalf. Accordingly, this paper aims at rescuing the history of liberalism in southern Brazil by reconstructing such conflicts--and the liberal element at its bottom: the Farroupilha Revolution (1835-1845), the Federalist Revolution (1893-1895), and the 1923 War. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista FAMECOS - Mídia, Cultura e Tecnologia is the property of EDIPUCRS - Editora Universitaria da PUCRS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Memoria em Rede is the property of Revista Memoria em Rede and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Maracanan is the property of Revista Maracanan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Ciências Sociais - Brazil is the property of Revista de Ciencias Socias do Universidade Federal do Ceara and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Prescrição e Fisiologia do Exercício is the property of Instituto Brasileiro de Pesquisa e Ensino em Fisiologia do Exercicio and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Sexualidad, Salud y Sociedad: Revista Latinoamericana is the property of Editora da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (EdUERJ) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article aims to problematize the political position of the middle class in contemporary social struggles, critically reflecting on whether it tends to approach the working class or the bourgeois class, given the intensification of social conflicts in the current capitalist phase. It is based on a bibliographic review of categories dear to critical social theory, particularly: social class, middle class, struggle and class consciousness. The article shows that the middle class does not have a political-ideological unity and its position in political struggles is defined by the historical movement determined by the contradictions and conflicts between the fundamental classes of social antagonism, and class consciousness is essential to demystify ideological processes. that impede the unification of social struggles.

This article brings to light some interpretations of the articulations of kitsch present in five novels by the Argentinean writer Manuel Puig, Betrayed by Rita Hayworth, Heartbreak Tango, The Buenos Aires Affair, The Kiss of the Spider Woman and Pubis Angelical. Interpreted as a synonym of aesthetic degradation, kitsch will be understood, in this work, as an aesthetic system linked to the emergence of the middle class, as a fusion of aesthetic experience with everyday experience, and as a phenomenon that facilitates access to aesthetic objects in which commotion and sentimentality still prevails, but with a less accusatory profile. Instead of a survey of kitsch in Manuel Puig that would have each novel as a static limit, this article opted for a transversal perspective reading, in which the repetition of acts, characters, themes, objects, situations, and kitsch attitudes runs through the work with a certain recurrence and brings the novels closer together. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Conjuntura Internacional is the property of Conjuntura Internacional and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseño y Comunicación is the property of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseno y Comunicacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Modernity, in general, devised to us a conception of progress, heir to the Christian concept of hope, which has opened space for a discourse about the future to the detriment of the insignia of the past. In the West, that discourse, together with objective social processes, such as the dominance of bourgeois market society, decomposed the ancestral wisdoms in knowledge (technoscientific) and life learning (moral), questioning and disallowing traditional wisdoms together with those who possessed it, the older subjects, promoting the appearance of new forms of barbarism that rob them of their autonomy and create a false sensation in the younger ones that they belong to a world in which memory becomes a dispensable accessory. This article intends to briefly discuss some consequences of the dark side of progress with regard to human temporality, such as the appearing of the old age administration, which favors the impoverishment and the symbolic rupture in societies, causing a roominess for the assumption of authoritarian ideologies and a disturbance in the image societies create for themselves from the neglect of old age, making this image and concept, beforehand, injured. Expressions like obsolete, overtaken, and outdated are just a few prototypes of the reflexes starting from language and advancing on people's behavior towards their elders. This text presents some empirical (sociological) examples of this symbolic disturbance in societies, also relating it to the fall of patriarchy, and it ends with a critical proposition for the symbolic recovery of the place of longevity in contemporary societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the qualitative analysis methodology, with bibliographic review procedures, documentary research and field research with semi-structured interviews, in this article, the mutations of the tenure system for the conformation of private land ownership in Piauí are discussed. Carried out by a continuous pact of the agribusiness economy surrounded by state interests, agrarian bourgeoisie and corporations, it was found that the legislation of land regularization in progress, is orchestrated / operationalized under a strictly mercantile / productive-financial perspective (intensified by transnationalization capital and capital market insertions) raising property as a legally secure commodity (asset) to capture the income of the most varied capitalist subjects. It is concluded that such architecture goes against the social function of the land and opposes all notions of ethnic land, land-environment, peasant land, among others, triggering deleterious impacts in the Brazilian field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article "Pathologies of public space and fascist agitation: Lessons from Critical Theory" discusses the rise of fascism and Nazism in Germany in the 1930s, analyzing the socio-economic, cultural, and psychological mechanisms that led sectors of the population to adhere to these antidemocratic forces. The researchers highlight the contradictions of the project of modern emancipation through reason, which generate suffering and a sense of emptiness when not addressed by practical reason. In addition, they identify the political and economic mechanisms that act in fascist agitation and contribute to the destruction of the democratic public sphere. The text also addresses the formation of a new social group, the employees, who experience a disjunction between their objective condition as proletarians and their subjective identifications with the middle classes. Finally, it mentions the emergence of national socialism in Germany, which takes advantage of these negative experiences and the sense of emptiness to promote an ideology of homogeneous national community. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Revista Linhas is the property of Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Estudos Feministas is the property of Revista Estudos Feministas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article was prepared for the inter-national congress “Transforming Capitalism with Real Utopias: Around the Legacy of Erik Olin Wright” promoted by Centre for Social Studies of the University of Coimbra in January 2020. Its main objective is a reflection of the union struggles in Brazil, involving two segments of the intermediate working classes: public servants and bank workers, in the light of Wright’s analysis of classes and real utopias. In both cases, in addition to the understanding of more general working conditions, the union movements were approached, with emphasis on strikes and their social and political consequences. The article is divided into three parts: in the first one it discusses the union movements of public servants; in the second one it analyses the trade union struggle of bank workers; in the last one it elaborates an analysis of the middle classes in Brazil in the light of Wright’s concepts.

Alienation is an extremely complex category, difficult to understand, especially when studied from certain works of Marx, such as the Economic--Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844, fragmented and incomplete. Although this notion was not created in the midst of Marxian theory, it is in this aspect that it acquires an understanding more aligned with social reality, with roots in the economic sphere. Using a literature review centered on the theme, this article aims to approach the term, a contribution to its understanding, whose determinants that frame it find their nexus of objectivity under the structural configurations of bourgeois society, dominated by capital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, I will discuss "women", "religion" and "nationality" as intersectional axes of great relevance to the study of the Santo Daime diaspora in Portugal. The reflections start from the analysis of how these elements act in the configuration of this field that, despite being mostly composed by Portuguese men and women, has as its most relevant figures, female middle-class Brazilian daimistas. Data were collected during my course completion and master's research through participant observation and semi-structured and in-depth interviews that took place between the years 2017 to 2021. From these researches, it was possible to identify that "women", "religion" and "nationality" effectively impact in the negotiations regarding the Santo Daime diaspora in Portugal and weave the contours of this religion in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Starting from a description of the most recent rise of right-wing groups and their authoritarian ideas and practices, the essay seeks to understand how these practices are organized in a specific way, considering the particular contexts, and how they are intertwined with the challenges imposed by the changes in the capitalist society in recent decades. In particular, the author highlights the perplexity of the ruling classes with the multiple crises that we have been experiencing since 2007. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The decline in social and economic indicators in Brazil in the second decade of the 21st century raises the question of which will be the impacts of this negative situation on the young generations. We analyze this scenario by combining the theory of generational fracture with the bourdieusian theory of class, in particular the concept of trajectory effect, to understand the strategies of social agents based on the relationship between capital structure and capital reproduction instruments. We used the correspondence analysis technique to build a map of the variables with data from Pnad-C of the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), comparing the situation of the young generation between 2012 and 2019. The results point to a reduction in middle class occupations in Brazil, which was more felt by the younger generation, as well as by the increase of highly educated young people in manual workers classes. These evidences indicates a possible generational fracture in the second decade of the 21st century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study carries out a critical review by dialectically rehearsing the relationship between international capital, neo-fascism and its repercussions in Brazil, in general, and in public health, in particular. In this sense, this study is divided into three sections. The first section deals with the role of the capital crisis as a trigger for fascism in a Marxist tradition. The second section addresses how neo-fascism emerges as a response to capitalist dynamics in the neoliberal phase of capitalism. And the third section presents some relations between the associated bourgeoisie and its interests in defunding the Unified Health System and taking advantage of the Covid-19 pandemic to take over the government genocidal project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Estudos Ibero-Americanos is the property of EDIPUCRS - Editora Universitaria da PUCRS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Comunicação, Mídia e Consumo is the property of Escola Superior de Propaganda e Marketing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Interface - Comunicação, Saúde, Educação is the property of Fundacao UNI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper takes a look at the spatial and social impact of the city of Curitiba (Brazil) beyond its borders. The periphery issue is addressed through a brief overview of the city's development plans and on the expansion of its socioeconomic and modernity influence on the neighbouring municipalities in the Metropolitan Region of Curitiba. This paper aims to shed light on how new urban-urban migration flows are taking place and how projects for economic internationalization through the creation of new industrial zones and investments in agribusiness, combined with incentives from the Federal Government to build horizontal and vertical condominiums for the middle and lower classes, are being directed towards the municipalities of the metropolitan region. As a result of this new socio-spatial growth, a new periphery is now being drawn as it spreads out to areas of interest for agriculture and environmental protection, even further away from the towns/municipalities surrounding Curitiba. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Aufklärung: Revista de Filosofia is the property of Aufklarung: Revista de Filosofia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present article seeks to contribute to the recent debates about the new dynamics of rurality and about the direction of these transformations based on the recent phenomenon of migration from cities to rural zones of individuals belonging to the socalled middle class. This task begins by discussing the middle class in theories of class analysis, discussing the adequacy and possibilities of the analytical instruments offered by these theories to analyze this social group. Having made this theoretical construction, we seek, based on semi-structured interviews, to reflect on the complexity of the phenomenon of migration from cities to the countryside and the option for agroecology by individuals from the urban middle class: here called the agroecological life project. This movement, motivated by a critique of the urban way of life, the capitalist logic of production and reproduction of material life, disregard for the environment, and the concern with the aggravation of the environmental issue, at the same time as it represents a great change, is also permeated by a culture and some class privileges from the social origin of these individuals, whose combination reflects beliefs of transformation from the individual sphere. After presenting the results of the interviews, the article seeks to reflect on how this migratory process and the proposal for change embedded in its present potentialities and limitations, as well as their connection with the fact that their actors originate from the middle class. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Confluenze. Rivista di Studi Iberoamericani is the property of Universita di Bologna, Dipartimento di Lingue, Letterature e Culture Moderne and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Crítica de Ciências Sociais is the property of Centro de Estudos Sociais and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Resumo Este artigo tem como proposta pensar aspectos do “fazer-cidade” (Agier, 2015) a partir do estabelecimento de áreas residenciais destinadas a membros das camadas médias em Brasília. Iniciamos com uma discussão acerca da história de proposição e ocupação residencial do Plano Piloto para em seguida pensar com base em duas experiências de trabalho de campo antropológico vividas em anos recentes, notadamente nos condomínios horizontais estabelecidos no início do presente século e no recém-inaugurado Setor Noroeste, cuja construção foi possibilitada pelo Plano Diretor de Ordenamento Territorial aprovado em 2009. O argumento central é que, em seu processo de consolidação e expansão, a “nova capital” brasileira vem se caracterizando, cada vez mais, pela condição de classe de seus moradores, em processo que denominamos de classificação do espaço.

The Covid-19 pandemic emerges as a challenge to old forms of relationships based on physical contact, thus driving new forms that break social isolation. In this way, the dating application, Tinder, becomes one of the propitious spaces for the development of contacts, whether they are more durable and / or disposable. Based on a cultural analysis of the experiences of seven gay and bisexual men who use the application, which was supported by Gender and Sexuality Studies and Cultural Studies in Education, I perceive two movements: first, the strengthening of the idealization of romantic love, and second, the non-permanent detachment of disposable relationships, which are now more contained than before because of fear and loneliness. These considerations point to the effects of a consumer society fed by capitalism and a producer of mercantilist subjectivities. Both the myth of romantic love, the foundation of bourgeois society and the basis for hegemonic social and cultural structures, and the perishability of affective relationships are marks of liquid modernity, with a fluid form of relationships, without rigid commitments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sociedade e Estado is the property of Sociedade e Estado and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista La Tadeo de Arte is the property of La Fundacion Universidad de Bogota Jorge Tadeo Lozano and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista HISTEDBR on-line is the property of Universidade Estadual de Campinas - Portal de Periodicos Eletronicos Cientificos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to describe the profile of consumers of agro-ecological foods and understand their motivations, we carried out 21 semi-structured interviews and a survey of 234 people at the Producer-to-Consumer Fair at the School of Agronomy of the University of Buenos Aires. In this article, the main features of the consumers are presented. The most important conclusion is that those who buy these foods are people from the urban middle class, with a higher than average level of formal education, and that consumption is motivated not only by associating them with a healthier life and a better quality of life, but also because they see in this practice a political and solidarity action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT In this study, we analyze the relationship between the development of occupational structure and income inequality in Brazil and the U.S. While both Brazil and the U.S. face high levels of inequality, low socioeconomic development in Brazil notably reduces the proportion of total income that accrues in the bottom two quintiles of the income distribution. In the U.S., inequality is mostly due to unobserved differences within occupations and has grown in large part because of higher earnings among high-skilled workers. Our results highlight that the effects of occupational structure are generally more pronounced at lower levels of economic development. At the higher level of economic development found in the U.S., inequality appears to increase largely due to rising inequality among high-skilled employees, which may be a function of unobserved organizational variables such as firm productivity and market advantage.

The article proposes a hypothesis of reading the narrative "Evolução" (1884), by brazilian writer Machado de Assis (1839-1908), based on the Lacanian materialism. Leaning especially on the pseudoactivity category, as seen by philosopher Slavoj Žižek, the different levels between the latent and the manifest meanings of diegetic perspective are addressed regarding the links between narrator, focus and characters, aiming to investigate how the artistic procedures of the tale "Evolution" dovetails with historical-social processes during the Second Reign. It is believed that the pseudoactivity phenomenon is strategic in order to clarify aspects of the bourgeois class's political cooptation by the bureaucratic class. To this end, studies on the difficulties of consolidating an identity of the industrial bourgeoisie during the period of the Second Reign by Faoro (1984) and Fernandes (2006) were taken into account. Therefore, it was intended to demonstrate that the narrative discourse forms a reflexive aesthetic scheme about the contradictions present in Brazilian social formation, especially Brazilian State's authoritarian and unequal modernizing process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]