71 results on '"MARKET power"'
Search Results
2. Market Power in Manufacturing and Services Industries
- Author
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Leonor Mesquita, Carlos Carreira, and Rita Martins
- Subjects
Mark-up ratio ,Market power ,Manufacturing ,Services ,Portugal ,Economic history and conditions ,HC10-1085 ,Economics as a science ,HB71-74 - Abstract
This study analyzes the extent of the market power of the manufacturing and services industries in Portugal over the last decade. The results show that Portuguese industries are mostly operating under imperfect competition. Mark-ups are heterogeneous across industries, with services having higher mark-ups on average than manufacturing. The apparel and the administrative activities industries have the highest mark-ups; in turn, the food and the beverages industries have the lowest mark-ups, while the rubber and plastics industry seems to operate under competitive conditions. There is therefore room for improving product market competition in Portugal.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. O TERRITÓRIO PARA AS PRÁTICAS URBANAS INSURGENTES.
- Author
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Balem, Tiago and Reyes, Paulo
- Subjects
PUBLIC spaces ,SOCIAL control ,MARKET power ,URBAN studies ,PRIVATIZATION ,DISCOURSE - Abstract
Copyright of Pixo: Revista de Arquitetura Cidade e Contemporaneidade is the property of Pixo Revista de Arquitetura Cidade e Contemporaneidade and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. CADEIA DE FRUTAS, VERDURAS E LEGUMES NO BRASIL: UMA REVISÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA SOBRE AS TRANSAÇÕES E ESTRUTURAS DE GOVERNANÇA.
- Author
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Heloise dos Santos, Rejane, Ferro Malacoski, Fernanda Cristina, de Alencar Schiavi, Sandra Mara, and Paulo de Souza, José
- Subjects
WAREHOUSES ,CHAIN stores ,CONSUMPTION (Economics) ,CONSUMERS ,FRUIT ,MARKET power - Abstract
Copyright of Organizações Rurais & Agroindustriais is the property of Organizacoes Rurais & Agroindustriais and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. REAVALIANDO O ABUSO DE PODER ECONÔMICO EM MERCADOS DIGITAIS: A DECISÃO DO CADE NO CASO GOOGLE SHOPPING.
- Author
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NAMI INÁCIO, GABRIEL FELIPE and FERREIRA RIBEIRO, GUSTAVO
- Subjects
- *
MARKET power , *LITERATURE competitions , *INTERNET marketing , *MARKET design & structure (Economics) , *ANTITRUST law - Abstract
The internet revolution profoundly altered economic relations, with the developing of new technologies and commercial practices. This article scrutinizes how markets involved in this reality can facilitate anti-competitive behavior. It posits that the structure of these markets can enable new manifestations of anti-competitive practices, challenging traditional premises of competition law. The methodology, regarding the procedure, consists of the literature review of competition and the Google Shopping case study, decided by the Brazilian Economic Defense Council (CADE), in 2019. While technically approaching the characteristics of these markets - such as zero price, multiple sides and attention -, one can visualize the way in which the abuse of a dominant position can be revealed in digital markets, through the handling of big data and the consequent consolidation of economic power. When exploring the different views of the case study, even with divergent views of the decision makers, it is pointed out the need to rethink concepts in the analysis of anti-competitive behavior in digital markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. COOPERAÇÃO INTERORGANIZACIONAL: CONTRIBUIÇÕES PARA O ALCANCE DA MISSÃO DE UMA INSTITUIÇÃO FEDERAL DE ENSINO.
- Author
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CERQUEIRA FRIAS, RAFAEL PENA, DA COSTA SIQUEIRA, RAFAELA, JULIÃO XAVIER FILHO, JOSE LINDENBERG, and MONTEIRO FERNANDES, NELSON
- Subjects
SOCIAL networks ,COST shifting ,MARKET power ,MANAGEMENT education ,SCHOOL administration - Abstract
Copyright of Gestão e Sociedade is the property of Revista Gestao e Sociedade and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. UTILIZAÇÃO DA INTELIGÊNCIA ARTIFICIAL NO COMBATE DA PANDEMIA DO COVID-19.
- Author
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CANTARINI GUERRA, PAOLA, NÖTH, WINFRIED, and DE SÉLLOS KNOERR, VIVIANE COÊLHO
- Subjects
COVID-19 pandemic ,ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,RESEARCH methodology ,MARKET power - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Jurídica (0103-3506) is the property of Revista Juridica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
8. ANÁLISE DE ASSIMETRIA NA TRANSMISSÃO DE PREÇOS POR MEIO DE MODELOS VEC: APLICAÇÃO À CADEIA PRODUTIVA DE CARNE BOVINA.
- Author
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LOIOLA PERSONA, HELENA, MARTINS FIGUEIREDO, ADELSON, and AGUIAR, DANILO R. D.
- Abstract
Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Applied Economics / Economía Aplicada is the property of FEA-RP, Universidade de Sao Paulo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Regulação do mercado aeroportuário: avaliação empírica para distinguir efeitos da escassez e do poder de mercado sobre preços das passagens aéreas
- Author
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Tostes, Leonardo Monteiro de Souza, Escolas::EPPG, Sobrinho, Edson Silveira, Oliveira, Alessandro Vinícius Marques de, Oliveira Junior, Marcio de, and Goldbaum, Sergio
- Subjects
Market power ,Concorrência ,Hub premium ,Linhas aéreas - Tarifas - Brasil ,Congestion ,ANAC ,Commercial airline regulation ,Agência Nacional de Aviação Civil (Brasil) ,Congestionamento ,Poder de mercado ,Aeronáutica comercial - regulamentação ,Slots ,Regulação de mercado aéreo - Abstract
O presente trabalho examina os impactos isolados do poder de mercado e da internalização do congestionamento aeroportuário no mercado de aviação civil brasileiro, bem como avalia a presença e a magnitude destes efeitos de forma combinada sobre os preços dos voos domésticos. Para isso, foi desenvolvido um modelo econométrico para estimar uma equação de preços utilizando variáveis dummies para comparar as diferenças existentes nos preços cobrados por companhias aéreas dominantes em aeroportos congestionados vis-à-vis aqueles praticados por outras empresas com e sem a presença de congestionamento. Foram encontradas evidências de inexistência de prêmio por dominância, por escassez e, também, de hub premium. Os resultados sugerem que as economias de escala, escopo e densidade obtidas a partir da concentração de slots em aeroportos congestionados mais do que compensam os efeitos do poder de mercado e da internalização do congestionamento. The present research examines the isolated impacts of market power and the internalization of airport congestion on the Brazilian civil aviation market, as well as evaluates the presence and magnitude of these effects in a combined way on the prices of domestic flights. For this, an econometric model was developed to estimate a price equation using dummy variables to compare the differences in prices charged by incumbent airlines at congested airports vis-à-vis those charged by other companies with and without the presence of congestion. Evidence of inexistence of premium for incumbency, for scarcity and, also, of premium hub was not found. The results suggest that the economies of scale, scope and density obtained from the concentration of slots in congested airports more than offset the effects of market power and the internalization of congestion.
- Published
- 2022
10. O mercado da soja no Paraguai: concentração e transnacionalização.
- Author
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João Wesz Junior, Valdemar
- Subjects
- *
MARKET power , *SOYBEAN , *LITERATURE reviews , *COMMERCIAL products , *AGRICULTURAL economics - Abstract
In the last decades, soybean production has become the main agricultural activity in Paraguay. This article describes the evolution of the productive process of such commodity in that country, identifying relevant actors (rural producers and companies) and depicting their market power. Information have been collected from a literature review, national surveys, reports from production companies, visits to the main Paraguayan agricultural fairsand interview with key actors. Results indicate the presence of a process of concentration and transnationalization of Paraguayan producers and companies within the soybean market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
11. Market Power in Portugal: a comparison of manufacturing and services industries
- Author
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Mesquita, Leonor de Oliveira, Carreira, Carlos Manuel Gonçalves, and Martins, Maria Rita Vieira
- Subjects
poder de mercado ,services ,markup ,indústria transformadora ,Estrutura de mercado ,manufacturing industry ,market power ,serviços ,Market structure - Abstract
Trabalho de Projeto do Mestrado em Economia apresentado à Faculdade de Economia A análise do poder de mercado é imprescindível para que economistas, investidores e decisores políticos conheçam melhor o funcionamento dos mercados, as implicações que esse poder possa ter na economia e, consequentemente, para apoiar na tomada de diversas decisões. Este trabalho de projeto tem como principal objetivo analisar a evolução do nível de poder de mercado das indústrias transformadoras e de serviços na última década em Portugal. No estudo empírico utilizam-se duas metodologias distintas: o modelo ao nível macroeconómico de Hall (1988) e Roeger (1995) e o modelo ao nível microeconómico de De Loecker e Warzynsk (2012). Os resultados indicam que as indústrias portuguesas operam em concorrência imperfeita. As indústrias do vestuário, das atividades administrativas e dos serviços de apoio apresentam valores médios de markup mais elevados. No outro extremo, as indústrias alimentares e de bebidas e de fabricação de artigos de borracha e matérias plásticas os markups são mais reduzidos. A indústria dos serviços apresenta, em média, valores de markup superiores à indústria transformadora. Existe alguma consistência entre os resultados obtidos com as duas metodologias, no entanto, de um modo geral, a metodologia Hall-Roeger (1995) revelou resultados mais próximos dos obtidos noutros estudos. Como esperado, os valores de markup evidenciam uma relação inversa entre o número de empresas e o poder de mercado. O poder de mercado aumentou para a maioria das indústrias ao longo da última década, pelo que, do ponto de vista de políticas públicas, se torna necessário a aplicação de medidas com vista a um aumento da concorrência na economia portuguesa. The analysis of market power is essential for economists, investors and policy makers to better understand the functioning of the market, the implications that this power may have on the economy and, consequently, to support the taking of various decisions. The main objective of this work project is to analyze the evolution of the level of market power of the manufacturing and services industries in in the last decade in Portugal. In this empirical study, two different methodologies were used: the macroeconomic model by Hall (1988) and Roeger (1995) and microeconomic model by De Loecker and Warzynski (2012). The results indicate that Portuguese industries are operating under imperfect competition. The clothing, administrative activities and support services industries have higher average markup values. At the other extreme, the food and beverage and rubber and plastics industries markups are lower. The service industry has on average, higher markup values than the manufacturing industries. There is some consistency between the results obtained with the two methodologies, however, in general, the Hall-Roeger (1995) methodology revealed results closer to those obtained in other studies. As expected, the markup values show and inverse relationship between the number of firms and market power. Market power has increased for most industries over the last decade, so, from a public policy point of view, it is necessary to apply measures with a view to increasing competition in the Portuguese economy.
- Published
- 2022
12. Avaliação Ex-post de Ato de Concentração na Indústria de Máquinas Agrícolas com o Uso de Séries Temporais.
- Author
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da Silva, Rodrigo Peixoto and de Freitas Vian, Carlos Eduardo
- Abstract
Copyright of Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Economia e Sociologia Rural and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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13. Poder de mercado das exportações de farelo de soja: uma análise via demanda residual Market power of soymeal exports: an analysis based on residual demand
- Author
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Daniel Arruda Coronel, Airton Lopes Amorim, Marcelo José Braga, and Antônio Carvalho Campos
- Subjects
poder de mercado ,comércio internacional ,farelo de soja ,demanda residual ,market power ,international trade ,soymeal ,residual demand ,Economics as a science ,HB71-74 - Abstract
O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o poder de mercado das exportações de farelo de soja argentinas, brasileiras e americanas para a União Europeia, de janeiro de 1999 a dezembro de 2007, que é o principal mercado consumidor dessa commodity. Para isso, foi utilizada a metodologia de demanda residual. Os resultados encontrados, usando-se os métodos sistemas de equações aparentemente não relacionadas (SUR), mínimo quadrado de dois estágios (2SLS) e mínimo quadrado de três estágios (3SLS), indicaram que, embora esse segmento seja oligopolizado pelas exportações argentinas, brasileiras e americanas, a Argentina e o Brasil possuem pequeno poder de mercado.The objective of this paper was to verify the market power of the Argentinean, Brazilian and American exports of soymeal to the European Union, the main consumer market of this commodity. For that, the article is based on the methodology of residual demand. Using the methods seemingly unrelated regression (SUR), two-stage least squares (2SLS) and three-stage least squares (3SLS), the results indicated that, though this segment is concentrated by Argentina, Brazil and the United States, none of these countries presented market power for soymeal exports. In other words, they are not able to change soymeal prices without to decrease the exports.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Persistência inflacionária e curva de Phillips novo-keynesiana para o Brasil
- Author
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Fernando de Aquino Fonseca Neto
- Subjects
inflation persistence ,bounded rationality ,market power ,expectations ,Phillips curves ,Economics as a science ,HB71-74 - Abstract
Inflation persistence and new Keynesian Phillips curves for Brazil. In this paper is shown that sustainable inflation persistence has theoretical support not only due price indexation, but also because of micro-foundations based on assumptions of Simon's bounded rationality and because of persistent mark-up shocks. the new keynesian phillips curve, estimated for brazil for the period 2000/2008, and the partial coefficients of determination for moving sub-periods of 36 months identifies inflation persistence as the main determinant of inflation, with the capacity gap presenting larger importance only in the end of the sample period. Inflation persistence requires harder monetary policy when neither accommodation is acceptable nor complementary policies in order to reduce it, such as the minimization of indexation mechanisms and control of the market power, are adopted.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. A práxis antitruste no Brasil: uma análise do CADE no período 1994-2004 The antitrust policy in Brazil: an analysis of CADE (1994-2004)
- Author
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Marina Moreira da Gama and Ricardo Machado Ruiz
- Subjects
antitruste ,Mercado relevante ,Poder de mercado ,CADE Brasil ,Antitrust ,Relevant market ,Market power ,CADE ,Economic history and conditions ,HC10-1085 ,Economics as a science ,HB71-74 - Abstract
A política de defesa da concorrência é construída através das decisões dos órgãos antitruste nacionais que, no caso brasileiro, são proferidas pelo CADE. Avaliar as decisões do CADE é, portanto, avaliar a defesa da concorrência no Brasil. Um modo de avaliar a práxis antitruste brasileira consiste em observar se as decisões do CADE estão de acordo com as convencionais teorias utilizadas na análise antitruste. O objetivo deste trabalho é, portanto, analisar a consistência teórica dos julgados do CADE. Para tanto, são avaliados 330 votos de Conselheiros-Relatores no período de vigência da Lei 8.884/94, ou entre 1994 e 2004. A conclusão do estudo é que há uma generalizada fragilidade na aplicação da teoria antitruste pelo CADE.The antitrust policy is built through antitrust agency’s decisions that are, in Brazil, pronounced by CADE. To appraise CADE’s decisions, thus, is to appraise the antitrust policy in Brazil. This implies that is necessary to know if such decisions are consistent with the antitrust theory. The purpose of this paper is to verify the theoretical consistency of CADE’s decisions. To get there, 330 Counsel’s votes are analyzed on the legality lifetime of the 8.884/94 Law, between 1994 and 2004. The paper’s conclusion is that there is a general fragility in antitrust theory’s application by CADE.
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Grau de Concorrência e Poder de Mercado nas Exportações de Leite em Pó para o Brasil.
- Author
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Campio Pinha, Lucas, José Braga, Marcelo, and Carvalho Campos, Antônio
- Abstract
Copyright of Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Economia e Sociologia Rural and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Concentração e poder de mercado no sistema bancário brasileiro: uma análise pós-Plano Real.
- Author
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Nava Smaniotto, Emanuelle and Wickstrom Alves, Tiago
- Abstract
Copyright of Perspectiva Econômica is the property of Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
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18. FUSÃO COMO ESTRATÉGIA DE CRESCIMENTO DE REDES DE COOPERAÇÃO EMPRESARIAL: UM ESTUDO DE CASO EM UMA REDE DE FARMÁCIAS.
- Author
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Soares, Wesley Braga, Wegner, Douglas, and Dolci, Pietro Cunha
- Subjects
MERGERS & acquisitions ,BUSINESS networks ,DRUGSTORES ,ECONOMIC competition ,MOTIVATION (Psychology) ,MARKET power - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Ibero-Americana de Estratégia (RIAE) is the property of Revista Ibero-Americana de Estrategia/UNINOVE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
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19. Assimetria na Transmissão de Preços e Poder de Mercado: o caso do mercado varejista de etanol no estado de São Paulo.
- Author
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dos Santos, Jaqueline Zani, Aguiar, Danilo R. D., and Martins Figueiredo, Adelson
- Abstract
Copyright of Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Economia e Sociologia Rural and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
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20. Medidas Antidumping e poder de mercado na América Latina
- Author
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Lourenço, Lucas dos Santos, Silveira, Douglas Sad, and Oliveira, Glauco Avelino Sampaio
- Subjects
market power ,Lerner's index ,ddc:330 ,antidumping ,F12 ,F13 ,market competition ,C33 ,D43 ,D22 - Abstract
This text aims to provide evidence regarding the adverse effects of anti-dumping measures on the competitive market strategies in different sectors of economic activity. To map firms' strategic behaviour, as well as the evolution of their market power, our empirical model consists of estimating the Lerner index as a mark-up measure. To reach our goal, we use the Orbis database, with firm-level data between 2006 and 2014. Such measures are generated considering a time window in which industries achieved antidumping protection and had their exports punished in foreign markets. On average, our results suggest a positive relationship between anti-dumping barriers and the increase in firms' market power. This pattern proves to be especially greater for Latin America when compared to other emerging economies. Moreover, the effects on market power are more substantial in the long run and, depending on the specification of the country set, null in the short run.
- Published
- 2021
21. Posição dominante no âmbito do direito da concorrência : considerações de eficiência económica
- Author
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Carvalho, Mariana Filipa Borges de and Marques, Nuno Castro
- Subjects
Eficiência económica ,Market power ,Justificação objetiva ,Economic efficiency ,Abuso ,Posição dominante ,Dominant position ,Ciências Sociais::Direito [Domínio/Área Científica] ,Poder de mercado ,Objective justification ,Abuse - Abstract
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- Published
- 2020
22. Análise de assimetria na transmissão de preços por meio de Modelos VEC: aplicação à cadeia produtiva de carne bovina
- Author
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Persona, Helena Loiola, Figueiredo, Adelson Martins, and Aguiar, Danilo Rolim Dias de
- Subjects
poder de mercado ,carne bovina ,market power ,transmissão de preços ,time series ,séries temporais ,price transmission ,beef - Abstract
This paper aimed to analyze the price transmission and marketing margins among the segments of beef production chain (farm, wholesale and retail), looking for evidence of possible exercise of market power. Two Vector Error Correction models were estimated based on Houck’s framework. The results indicate symmetry in price transmission between wholesale and retail and price asymmetry between wholesale and producer. Thus, there is some evidence of the possible exercise of market power only from downstream to upstream (from wholesale to producer). This may be explained by differences in market structure, as retail and wholesale are oligopolies, unlike producers. Este artigo visa analisar a transmissão de preços e as margens de comercialização entre os segmentos da cadeia produtiva de carne bovina, buscando evidência de possível exercício de poder de mercado. Foram estimados dois modelos Vetoriais de Correção de Erros com base no enfoque de Houck. Os resultados indicam simetria nas relações de preços entre atacado e varejo e assimetria entre atacado e produtor. Assim, há alguma evidência de possível exercício de poder de mercado apenas de jusante a montante (do atacado para o produtor). Isto pode ser explicado pelas diferenças na estrutura de mercado, já que varejo e atacado são oligopólios, diferentemente dos produtores.
- Published
- 2019
23. Aferição do poder de mercado: um estudo experimental com os modelos ECD e NOIE.
- Author
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Maniçoba da Silva, Adriano and Aidar Sauaia, Antonio Carlos
- Abstract
Copyright of Revista de Economia e Administração is the property of INSPER Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
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24. CONCENTRAÇÃO E PODER DE MERCADO NA DISTRIBUIÇÃO DE ETANOL COMBUSTÍVEL: ANÁLISE SOB A ÓTICA DA NOVA ORGANIZAÇÃO INDUSTRIAL EMPÍRICA.
- Author
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SIMÕES BEIRAL, PAULA RUBIA, DE MORAES, MÁRCIA AZANHA FERRAZ DIAS, and PIEDADE BACCHI, MIRIAN RUMENOS
- Subjects
MARKET power ,INTERNATIONAL competition ,DISTRIBUTION (Economic theory) ,ECONOMICS - Abstract
Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Applied Economics / Economía Aplicada is the property of FEA-RP, Universidade de Sao Paulo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
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25. Persistência infacionária e curva de Phillips novo-keynesiana para o Brasil.
- Author
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de Aquino Fonseca Neto, Fernando
- Subjects
- *
PRICE inflation , *LORENZ curve , *MONETARY theory , *ECONOMIC indicators , *CURRENCY boards , *PHILLIPS curve , *DEMAND function - Abstract
Inflation persistence and new Keynesian Phillips curves for Brazil. In this paper is shown that sustainable inflation persistence has theoretical support not only due price indexation, but also because of micro-foundations based on assumptions of Simon's bounded rationality and because of persistent mark-up shocks. the new keynesian phillips curve, estimated for brazil for the period 2000/2008, and the partial coefficients of determination for moving sub-periods of 36 months identifies inflation persistence as the main determinant of inflation, with the capacity gap presenting larger importance only in the end of the sample period. Inflation persistence requires harder monetary policy when neither accommodation is acceptable nor complementary policies in order to reduce it, such as the minimization of indexation mechanisms and control of the market power, are adopted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. DEFESA DA CONCORRÊNCIA NO BRASIL: EFICIÊNCIA ECONÔMICA NA ANÁLISE DE PREÇO PREDATÓRIO.
- Author
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Sonaglio, Cláudia Maria and Zamberlan, Carlos Otávio
- Subjects
ECONOMIC efficiency ,ECONOMIC competition ,PREDATORY pricing ,MARKET entry ,MARKET power ,VERIFICATION (Empiricism) ,LAW - Abstract
Copyright of Análise is the property of EDIPUCRS - Editora Universitaria da PUCRS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2009
27. Relacionamento entre persistência do lucro residual e competitividade em firmas brasileiras.
- Author
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de Aguiar, Andson Braga, Lopes, Alexsandro Broedel, and Coelho, Antônio Carlos Dias
- Subjects
MARKET power ,BUSINESS enterprises ,MARKETS ,EARNINGS trends ,CORPORATE profits ,ECONOMIC conditions in Brazil, 1985- - Abstract
Copyright of Revista de Economia e Administração is the property of INSPER Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. O processo de abertura comercial brasileira e o crescimento da produtividade
- Author
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Álvaro Barrantes Hidalgo
- Subjects
trade liberalization ,industrial productivity ,market power ,returns to scale ,Economic history and conditions ,HC10-1085 ,Economics as a science ,HB71-74 - Abstract
This article analyses the relationship between industrial productivity growth and the Brazilian trade liberalization program that began in 1988. Using a econometric model we estimated total factor productivity adjusted by returns to scale and market power. The results show that there is a high mark-up in the Brazilian transformation industry. This is a expected result because of high protection level in Brazilian economy in the past. Thus making adjustment the article show that total factor productivity without correction under- estimate the true productivity growth.
- Published
- 2002
29. Discriminação por gênero e poder de mercado como determinantes do emprego relativo de mulheres
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Meireles, Débora, Freguglia, Ricardo da Silva, and Corseuil, Carlos Henrique
- Subjects
discrimination by gender ,J16 ,relative employment of women ,market power ,ddc:330 ,J71 - Abstract
This article aims to test empirical implications of the classical Beckerian theory on discrimination against women in Brazil. Specifically, the contemporary relationship between the relative use of women versus men and the performance, and how this relation changes with product market power is examined. The theory is tested using a panel of longitudinal microdata linking information at firm level from a matched employer-employee data (RAIS) and a firm level survey with detailed information on firm performance (PIA) from 2002 to 2013. We claim that the result may be contaminated by elements related to occupational segregation when the test is performed using the standard measure of relative employment of women. We propose a new measure that takes this into account; and implement the test with both measures of relative employment of women. The results indicated that in most of the specifications there is a positive and significant relationship between relative employment of women and profitability for companies with high market power. In a few specifications, this relationship also appears as positive and significant for companies with lower market power. But even in such cases the ratio is always stronger for the higher level of market power we consider. Finally, we find that the relationship between relative employment of women and profit depends on market power is much more stable when the first variable is measured by the index we propose.
- Published
- 2019
30. A estrutura do sector bancário cabo-verdiano e a regulação do mercado
- Author
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Oliveira, Carlos Rocha de and Leão, João
- Subjects
Oligopólio ,Cape Verde ,L13 ,Regulação económica ,E Macroeconomics and monetary economics ,Economia financeira ,Ciências Sociais::Economia e Gestão [Domínio/Área Científica] ,G Financial economics ,L Industrial organization ,Mercado bancário ,Market power ,Sector bancário ,Model of oligopoly ,Cabo Verde ,G31 ,Supervisão ,G21 ,Regulation banking ,E58 ,L51 ,D Microeconomics ,D4 ,Banking sector - Abstract
Cabo Verde, apesar de ser uma economia insular e desprovida de recurso naturais, tem sido característico dos países que conseguiu ter um razoável sucesso no processo de estabilização macroeconómica e solidez financeira, relativamente à região onde se encontra inserida, valendo-lhe a graduação para o país do nível de rendimento médio. O principal objectivo deste trabalho consiste em investigar e determinar empiricamente a estrutura do sector bancário cabo-verdiano, a sua regulação e supervisão, verificando assim, a paradigma da Estrutura-Comportamento-Resultados (E-C-R)1, bem como a sua contribuição para a solidez do todo sistema financeiro nacional. Na investigação, foi utilizado como fonte, a análise e o tratamento dos dados do Banco Central de Cabo Verde (BCV) e os estudos de um painel de balanços dos bancos comerciais caboverdianos, entre 2000 e 2011. O estudo centralizou-se basicamente nas quatro (4) maiores instituições bancárias (BCA, CECV, BI e BCN), o chamado mercado “onshore”, que representam mais de 80% do total do activo de sistema financeiro caboverdiano. Ficou claro que, a partir dos resultados encontrados (como Índice de Concentração e o de Herfindahl H), o mercado bancário cabo-verdiano é altamente concentrado, e com fraca volatilidade no tempo, apresentando assim características típicas da estrutura de mercado oligopolista, daí a análise de modelos teóricos mais complexos e bastante realista como a teoria da organização industrial bancária, com ênfase para modelos originais de Klein-Monti, de Cournot, Bertrand e Steckelberg. Por fim, procurou-se fazer a abordagem nas chamadas políticas de Regulação e Supervisão, definidas e supervisionadas pelo BCV, que em função desta, exerce as suas atribuições nos mercados de capitais mobiliários e seguros, actuando segundo o modelo Monista. Cape Verde, despite being an island economy and devoid of natural resources, has been characteristic of the countries that could have a reasonable success in stabilizing macroeconomic and financial strength, to the region where it is inserted, is using his progression to developing country medium. The main objective of this work is to investigate and determine empirically the structure of the banking sector in Cape Verde, the regulation and supervision of this market, thus verifying the paradigm of Structure-Behavior-Results (S-B-R)2, as well as its contribution to the strength the whole financial system. To start the work, was used as the source, processing and analysis of data from Central Bank of Cape Verde (BCV) and studies of a panel of balances of commercial banks operating in the Cape Verdean market between 2000 and 2011. The study was centered primarily in four (4) major national banks (BCA, CECV, BI and BNC), the market called "onshore", which represent more than 80% of total assets of the financial system in Cape Verde. It was clear that, based on the results found (such as Concentration Index and Herfindahl H), the Cape Verdeian banking market is highly concentrated, with low volatility in time, thus presenting typical characteristics of the oligopolistic market structure, hence the analysis of more complex theoretical models and quite realistic as the theory of banking industry organization, with emphasis on original models of Klein-Monti, Cournot, Bertrand and Steckelberg. Finally, it was tried to approach the so-called Regulation and Supervision policies, defined and supervised by the BCV, which, in function of this, exercises its attributions in the securities and insurance capital markets, acting according to the Monista model.
- Published
- 2018
31. Vantagem competitiva que cresce em árvore: um estudo sobre integração vertical na cadeia de papel e celulose do Brasil
- Author
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Schmidt, Rodrigo de Holanda, Escolas::EBAPE, Vasconcelos, Flávio Carvalho de, Marinho, Janaína Senra Silva, and Cyrino, Álvaro Bruno
- Subjects
Custos de transação ,Vantagem competitiva ,Asset specificity ,Assurance of supply ,Uncertainty ,Floresta ,Tapered integration ,Market imperfections ,Incerteza ,Integração vertical ,Papel e celulose ,Market power ,Integração vertical parcial ,Vertical integration ,Indústria de celulose ,Administração de empresas ,Transaction costs economy ,Pulp and paper ,Garantia de fornecimento ,Imperfeições de mercado ,Papel - Indústria ,Economia dos custos de transação ,Forest ,Especificidade de ativos ,Poder de mercado - Abstract
Purpose – The aim of this study was to comprehend the main determinant factors for vertical integration in the pulp and paper sector in Brazil, from a perspective of pulp manufacturers. Design/methodology – The research adopted a qualitative approach, through a multiple case study with three of the main companies in the pulp and paper sector in Brazil. The data collection was done through semi-structured interviews of executives of the selected companies. Findings – The main competitive advantage arises from the vertical integration backward, of the pulp mill towards the forestry. The main factors for this are the exercise of the market power of oligopoly by the pulp companies, assurance of supply of their main input, the wood, asset specificity of site, shortening the distance between the forest and the pulp mill, and mitigation of uncertainty. There is tapered integration of pulp mill and forestry, mainly due the use of advantages of site specificity of forest producers near the mill, the need to mitigate social risks and to develop a mature market for the commercialization of wood in the country. Research limitations – The main limitation of this work is the fact that the pulp sector is a concentrated oligopoly, with few companies, which restricts the diversity and number of respondents. Practical implications – The results can be applied to organizations in the pulp and paper sector, as well as to other capital-intensive industries with high dependence on a particular raw material. Originality– To our knowledge, this is the first study about vertical integration in the pulp and paper sector in Brazil. Objetivo – Este estudo pretende compreender os principais determinantes para a integração vertical no setor de papel e celulose no Brasil, a partir de uma perspectiva das fabricantes de celulose. Metodologia – A pesquisa seguiu uma abordagem qualitativa, por meio de estudo de casos múltiplos com três das principais empresas do setor de papel e celulose do Brasil. A coleta de dados foi feita por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas de executivos das empresas selecionadas. Resultados – A principal vantagem competitiva verificada se deu na integração vertical realizada à montante pela fábrica de celulose, em direção à produção florestal. Os principais fatores para isso foram o exercício do poder de mercado de oligopólio pelas empresas de celulose, a garantia de fornecimento do seu insumo principal, a madeira, a especificidade de local dos ativos, dada pela proximidade necessária entre a floresta e a unidade de celulose, e a mitigação da incerteza. A integração vertical entre fábrica de celulose e produção florestal é realizada de forma parcial, principalmente devido ao aproveitamento de vantagens de localização de produtores florestais próximos à fabrica, à necessidade de mitigar riscos sociais e de desenvolver um mercado maduro de comercialização de madeira no país. Limitações – A principal limitação deste trabalho é o fato do setor de celulose ser um oligopólio concentrado, com poucas empresas, o que restringe a diversidade e o número de entrevistados. Aplicabilidade do trabalho – Os resultados obtidos podem ser aplicados às organizações do setor de papel e celulose, bem como a outras indústrias de capital intensivo e com alta dependência de uma matéria-prima em especial. Originalidade – Pelo que conhecemos, é o primeiro trabalho sobre integração vertical no setor de papel e celulose no Brasil.
- Published
- 2017
32. Estudo de poder de mercado em sistemas de geração de energia elétrica
- Author
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Piotto, Diego, Escolas::EESP, Picchetti, Paulo, Moita, Rodrigo Menon Simões, and Monte, Daniel
- Subjects
Market power ,Energia - Indústria ,Hydrothermal systems ,Collusion ,Nash-Cournot equilibrium ,Colusão ,Sistemas hidrotérmicos ,Poder de mercado ,Equilíbrio de Nash Cournot ,Economia ,Recursos energéticos ,Bolsa de mercadorias - Abstract
O sistema elétrico brasileiro sofreu grandes mudanças em sua regulação nas últimas décadas no intuito de aumentar a eficiência de mercado baseando-se no incentivo a competição entre os agentes. O incentivo a entrada de geradores privados tem gerado resultados significativos a competição e tem provocado uma reestruturação que tem modificado a operação antes totalmente centralizada para modelos descentralizados que estimulam a competição entre agentes. O objetivo deste trabalho é, partir do artigo de Barroso Et al. (2001), onde é obtido a ação de poder de mercado em sistemas hidrotérmicos para ambiente competitivo e de mínimo custo tanto para modelo estático como modelo dinâmico, desenvolver o modelo de comportamento dos agentes para situações de colusão entre agentes price makers tanto para o modelo estático como para o dinâmico. Além disso obter as taxas de juros limites para o desvio da colusão. Será demostrado que em mercados com poucos agentes, o benefício de se desviar da colusão somente ocorre para altas taxas de desconto. Com a inclusão de maior quantidade de agentes, identifica-se que o incentivo ao desvio da colusão possui taxas descrentes. Será apresentado que para modelos acoplados no tempo o comportamento de um possível conluio fará com que os agentes sustentem o preço spot mais elevado, mesmo em períodos de baixa afluência. The Brazilian electrical system has undergone great changes in its regulation in the last decades in order to increase the efficiency of the market based on the incentive to the competition among the agents. The incentive to the entry of private generators has generated significant results the competition and has caused a restructuring that has modified the operation before totally centralized to decentralized models that stimulate the competition between agents. The objective of this work is to analyze the market power in hydrothermal systems that is, based on thermal and hydroelectric generation, using low cost models for centralized systems and Nash Cournot model for decentralized systems both decoupled in time in order to obtain the dispatch great. The analysis extends to the strategic behavior of the agents for time coupled systems using low cost models for centralized systems and Nash Cournot model using stochastic programming resources to determine the optimal dispatch of the agents of the market. It has been shown that in markets with few agents, the benefit of diverting from collusion only occurs at high discount rates. With the inclusion of a greater number of agents, it is identified that the incentive to the deviation of collusion has unbelievable rates. It will be shown that for time-coupled models the behavior of a possible collusion will cause the agents to sustain the higher spot price, even in periods of low affluence.
- Published
- 2017
33. PODER DE MERCADO NA INDÚSTRIA DE MINERAÇÃO DE PEDRA BRITADA DA REGIÃO METROPOLITANA DE SÃO PAULO
- Author
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Cunha, Dênis Antônio, Pinha, Lucas Campio, Braga, Marcelo José, and Coelho, Alexandre Bragança
- Subjects
NEIO ,Market power ,L13 ,Microeconomia ,Poder de Mercado ,Cartel ,D43 ,Poder de mercado ,Pedra britada ,RMSP ,Crushed stone ,MRSP - Abstract
The objective of this study is to analyze the conduct of companies of crushed stone industry in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo (MRSP), Brazil. The methodological approach is based on the New Empirical Industrial Organization (NEIO) and refers to the market power and cartel formation after the conviction of these practices. The results indicated that the industry has a small but significant market power. At the same time, the industry behavior is different from a cartel behavior. In this way, it is possible to conclude that complaints and sanctions imposed to companies that participated in the formation of the cartel in the MRSP were effective, since in the period from 2002 to 2013 there is no evidence that a cartel operates in this market., O presente estudo tem como principal objetivo analisar a conduta das empresas que compõem a indústria mineradora de pedra britada da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo (RMSP) com base na Nova Organização Industrial Empírica (New Empirical Industrial Organization - NEIO). Essa conduta se refere ao exercício do poder de mercado e à formação de cartel após essas práticas terem sido identificadas e condenadas. Os resultados permitiram verificar que a indústria apresenta um pequeno, mas significativo, poder de mercado. Ao mesmo tempo, o comportamento da indústria está distante de um cartel. Dessa forma, conclui-se que as denúncias e as punições aplicadas às empresas que participavam na formação do cartel na RMSP foram efetivas, visto que, no período de 2002 a 2013, não há indícios de que um cartel operasse nesse mercado.
- Published
- 2017
34. Quantificação do poder de mercado na indústria das plataformas financeiras
- Author
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Dias, Marcelo Manuel Baptista Barbosa do Couto and Ribeiro, Ricardo Miguel Martins da Costa
- Subjects
Market power ,Financial platforms ,Plataformas financeiras ,Poder de mercado ,Ciências Sociais::Economia e Gestão [Domínio/Área Científica] - Abstract
Submitted by Isabel Gomes (itg@lisboa.ucp.pt) on 2017-12-05T08:53:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF_Versão Final Tese - Quantificação do Poder de Mercado na Indústria das Plataformas Financeiras - novo acordo ortográf~1.pdf: 1782635 bytes, checksum: f9d8d229cb65af614fa52949015f9ce4 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-05T08:53:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF_Versão Final Tese - Quantificação do Poder de Mercado na Indústria das Plataformas Financeiras - novo acordo ortográf~1.pdf: 1782635 bytes, checksum: f9d8d229cb65af614fa52949015f9ce4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-24
- Published
- 2017
35. Avaliação Ex-post de Ato de Concentração na Indústria de Máquinas Agrícolas com o Uso de Séries Temporais
- Author
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Silva, Rodrigo Peixoto Da and Vian, Carlos Eduardo De Freitas
- Subjects
agricultural tractors ,cointegration ,market power ,Agribusiness ,Market concentration ,vectorial error correction model - Abstract
This study analyses the structure of the market of agricultural tractors in Brazil and measures the impacts of concentration from the acquisition of Valtra by AGCO, the two larger companies in the local market, on the market power index (Lerner index). In order to do this, a demand function for agricultural tractors including intervention variables (dummies of intercept and slope) was conducted so that its parameters were used in the index. For this purpose, the methodology of Cointegration Analyses with a Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) was used. The results indicate that the concentration was not reflected in significant changes in price elasticities. On the other hand, the Lerner index, which is high in level, increased considerably after the merger due to the market share gains of AGCO.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Concentração e poder de mercado na distribuição de etanol combustível: análise sob a ótica da nova organização industrial empírica
- Author
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Mirian Rumenos Piedade Bacchi, Márcia Azanha Ferraz Dias de Moraes, and Paula Rubia Simões Beiral
- Subjects
Market power ,NEIO ,Organização Industrial ,Ethanol ,Poder de Mercado ,Etanol ,lcsh:HB71-74 ,Industrial Organization ,lcsh:HC10-1085 ,lcsh:Economics as a science ,General Economics, Econometrics and Finance ,lcsh:Economic history and conditions - Abstract
The reorganization of fuel distribution market raises questions regarding the existence of market power in the sector. Tools of New Empirical Industrial Organization were used to analyze existence of market power in the distribution sector. Based on the studies of Bresnahan (1982) and Bresnahan (1989), an analysis of identification methods for conduct parameters was carried out in order to determine whether the methodology is appropriate for the market in question. We concluded that distributors do not effectively practice market power. Estimated values for conduct parameters show this market approaches perfect competition not monopoly. A reorganização do mercado de distribuição de combustíveis levanta a questão da existência de poder de mercado nesse setor. O presente trabalho utiliza a ferramenta da Nova Organização Industrial Empírica (New Empirical Industrial Organization - NEIO) para analisar a existência de poder de mercado no setor de distribuição. Apoia-se nos trabalhos de Bresnahan (1982) e Bresnahan (1989) para a consideração de métodos de identificação do parâmetro de conduta e procura verificar se a metodologia é adequada ao mercado em questão. Conclui-se que os distribuidores não exercem efetivamente poder de mercado. Os valores dos parâmetros de conduta estimados mostram que a conduta se aproximou mais da concorrência perfeita que do monopólio.
- Published
- 2013
37. Grau de concorrência e poder de mercado nas exportações de leite em pó para o Brasil
- Author
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Marcelo José Braga, Antônio Carvalho Campos, and L. C. Pinha
- Subjects
Economics and Econometrics ,Skimmed milk powder ,Exportação ,Competition ,05 social sciences ,General Social Sciences ,Forestry ,lcsh:S1-972 ,Leite em pó integral ,Market power ,Whole milk powder ,Leite em pó desnatado ,Concorrência ,0502 economics and business ,Export ,050207 economics ,lcsh:Agriculture (General) ,Poder de mercado ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,050205 econometrics - Abstract
Resumo: Há indícios de que Argentina e Uruguai atuem como oligopolistas e exerçam poder de mercado nas exportações de leite em pó para o Brasil. As firmas dos dois países supracitados exportam quase a totalidade destes derivados para o território brasileiro, ao passo que há uma regionalização do comércio internacional destes produtos, restringindo a concorrência com outros países. O objetivo central do presente trabalho é verificar o grau de concorrência nas exportações de leite em pó integral e desnatado para o Brasil pela existência do poder de mercado praticado pelos países exportadores. Para isto, utiliza-se o modelo de demanda residual, estimado por mínimo quadrado de dois estágios (MQ2E), seemingly unrelated regressions (SUR) e mínimo quadrado de três estágios (MQ3E). Os resultados indicam que o Uruguai atua como oligopolista e exerce poder de mercado em ambos os mercados, enquanto a Argentina, apenas no caso do leite em pó integral. Os resultados sugerem que o Brasil deve buscar meios de elevar a concorrência nas importações de leite em pó, já que, assim, os preços tenderiam a ser menores e os consumidores se beneficiariam neste aspecto. Abstract: There are indications that Argentina and Uruguay act as oligopolists and exercise market power in exports of milk powder to Brazil. These two countries export almost all of these by-products to Brazil, while there is a regionalization of international trade in these products, restricting the competition with other countries. The main objective of this paper is to verify the degree of competition in exports of whole milk powder and skimmed milk powder to Brazil by the existence of market power practiced by the exporting countries. For this purpose, the residual demand model was used, estimated by three different methods: two-stage least square, seemingly unrelated regressions and three-stage least squares. The results indicate that Uruguay acts as oligopolistic and exercises market power in both markets, whereas Argentina acts only in the case of whole milk powder. This suggests that Brazil should increase the competition in milk powder imports, since the prices would tend to be smaller and consumers would benefit in this aspect.
- Published
- 2016
38. JEAN TIROLE, PODER DE MERCADO E A NOVA ORGANIZAÇÃO INDUSTRIAL
- Author
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Cinquetti, Carlos Alberto and Fapesp, CAPES
- Subjects
Market power ,B3 ,D4 ,D8 ,Regulação ,Microeconomia, Organização Industrial, Decisões sob Incertezas ,Tirole ,Poder de mercado ,Regulation - Abstract
We make a twin analysis of Jean Tirole, the Nobel prize of Economics 2014, e The 2014’s Nobel prize in Economics to Jean Tirole, an author so central for outlining the analytical frontier of modern industrial organization (IO), gives the opportunity for a comprehensive reassessment of this IO. This retrospective starts with the initial studies about oligopoly, moving to studies that lead to the establishment of the IO, and culminates in the new theoretical framework for strategies and incentives under private information. The retrospective goes interwoven with Tirole’s work and pays heed to the impact of these ideas upon recent economic thought. Upon considering applied fields, we focus on international trade, and discuss potentials and pitfalls of a deductive science., Conferido a Jean Tirole, um autor central da nova organização industrial (OI), o Nobel de Economia 2014 dá-nos oportunidade de uma ampla retrospectiva dessa nova área da microeconomia. Começamos com os estudos iniciais de oligopólio, avançando para estudos que levam a emergência da OI, e culminando com o novo arcabouço teórico de estratégias econômicas e incentivos sobre informações privadas. Nesta exposição que entrelaça o trabalho Tirole com a nova OI, damos uma atenção especial aos desenvolvimentos sobre contratos e incentivos. Ao considerar os impactos sobre o pensamento econômico, concentramo-nos em modelos não competitivos de comércio internacional, mais particularmente no largo uso de uma estrutura de mercado, concorrência monopolística, sem estratégias e sem diferenciação de qualidade dos bens.
- Published
- 2016
39. Fusão como estratégia de crescimento de redes de cooperação empresarial: um estudo de caso em uma rede de farmácias
- Author
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Douglas Wegner, Pietro Cunha Dolci, and Wesley Braga Soares
- Subjects
Data collection ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Business administration ,Gestão Estratégica ,Economies of scale ,Competition (economics) ,Negotiation ,Merger process ,Business networking ,Redes empresariais ,redes de pequenas empresas ,fusões ,relações interorganizacionais ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Business ,Market power ,General Environmental Science ,media_common - Abstract
This article aims to analyze the motivations, the process and the results of a merger strategy established by three business networks. The research consisted in an exploratory single case study. It was analyzed a business network composed by drugstores, formed from the merger of three business networks in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Data collection occurred through six in-depth interviews conducted with actors directly involved. The main motivation for the adoption of this strategy was the increased competition in the sector and the need to expand economies of scale in negotiating with suppliers. The results also reveal that the networks involved did not have the exact notion of the benefits that could be achieved, which are higher than the initial motivation to get increased market power. It was also found that there was no defined strategy for the formation of the new business network. The merger was consolidated by actions of approach among the networks. The research contributes to the understanding of mergers among networks. From a theoretical point of view, the study describes the merger process; the managerial contribution consists in the presentation of steps for the implementation of new mergers. Este artigo teve como objetivo analisar as motivações, o processo e os resultados de uma estratégia de fusão estabelecida por três redes de cooperação empresarial. A pesquisa consistiu em um estudo de caso único, de caráter exploratório, com uma rede do segmento de varejo de medicamentos, formada a partir da fusão de três redes, no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de seis entrevistas em profundidade, realizadas com atores diretamente envolvidos no processo. A principal motivação para a adoção desta estratégia foi o aumento da competitividade no setor e a necessidade de ampliar ganhos de escala na negociação com fornecedores. Os resultados revelam ainda que as redes envolvidas não tinham a dimensão exata dos benefícios que poderiam ser alcançados, sendo estes superiores à motivação inicial de obter maior poder de mercado. Também se verificou que não houve uma estratégia definida para a formação da nova rede, sendo a fusão consolidada por ações de aproximação entre as redes.
- Published
- 2016
40. Grau de Concorrência e Poder de Mercado nas Exportações de Leite em Pó para o Brasil
- Author
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Pinha, Lucas Campio, Braga, Marcelo José, and Campos, Antônio Carvalho
- Subjects
Market power ,Whole milk powder ,Skimmed milk powder ,Competition ,Export ,Agribusiness - Abstract
There are indications that Argentina and Uruguay act as oligopolists and exercise market power in exports of milk powder to Brazil. These two countries export almost all of these by-products to Brazil, while there is a regionalization of international trade in these products, restricting the competition with other countries. The main objective of this paper is to verify the degree of competition in exports of whole milk powder and skimmed milk powder to Brazil by the existence of market power practiced by the exporting countries. For this purpose, the residual demand model was used, estimated by three different methods: two-stage least square, seemingly unrelated regressions and three-stage least squares. The results indicate that Uruguay acts as oligopolistic and exercises market power in both markets, whereas Argentina acts only in the case of whole milk powder. This suggests that Brazil should increase the competition in milk powder imports, since the prices would tend to be smaller and consumers would benefit in this aspect.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Propriedade Intelectual e Concorrência
- Author
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Maria Tereza Leopardi Mello
- Subjects
Antitrust ,lcsh:HD45-45.2 ,Competition ,Concorrência. Propriedade intelectual. Antitruste. Direito & economia ,Law & Economics ,K21 ,K00 ,Intellectual property ,lcsh:Business ,Intellectual Property ,Competition (economics) ,Direito & Economia ,Conceptual framework ,Concorrência ,Propriedade Intelectual ,Economics ,Antitruste ,Market power ,Economic impact analysis ,Literature study ,Element (criminal law) ,lcsh:Technological innovations. Automation ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,lcsh:HF5001-6182 ,Industrial organization - Abstract
This paper discusses the relationship between intellectual property rights (IPRs) and competition, which could be viewed as conflictive in principle. A survey will be made on the theoretical and empirical literature about economic impacts of IP protection, showing that these effects are neither direct nor absolute, being strongly conditioned by existing competition patterns, technology features and so on. The relationship between IPRs and market power is analyzed according to Teece’s (1986) conceptual framework, for which IPR is only one element of an appropriability regime. Our main conclusion is that the effects are inherently ambiguous. Analytical tools in antitrust law systems are compatible with our approach of intellectual property and its economic impacts, offering an adequate means for identifying e comparing the possible effects of IPRs.Este trabalho discute as relações entre direitos de propriedade intelectual (PI) e concorrência, que podem ser vistas, em princípio, como contraditórias. Apresentamos uma revisão da bibliografia empírica e teórica sobre os impactos da proteção, mostrando que tais impactos não são diretos nem absolutos, sendo ainda fortemente condicionados pelos padrões de concorrência setorial e características da tecnologia principalmente. Analisamos a relação entre propriedade intelectual e poder de mercado conforme o quadro analítico-conceitual de Teece (1986), que localiza esse direito como apenas um dos elementos de um regime de apropriabilidade. Nossa principal conclusão sobre os efeitos da proteção jurídica à PI é que tais efeitos são ambíguos – tanto incentivadores da atividade inovativa quanto restritivos da concorrência –, aspectos inseparáveis e inerentes à proteção. Os instrumentos típicos da análise antitruste são compatíveis com nossa abordagem sobre o tema, oferecendo um meio adequado para identificar comparativamente os efeitos da propriedade intelectual.
- Published
- 2009
42. Assimetria na Transmissão de Preços e Poder de Mercado: o caso do mercado varejista de etanol no estado de São Paulo
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Santos, Jaqueline Zani Dos, Aguiar, Danilo R. D., and Figueiredo, Adelson Martins
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Market power ,Ethanol ,Retail ,Price transmission ,Agribusiness - Abstract
The presence of market power in fuel retailing has been a major concern in Brazil, motivating antitrust investigations as well as economic research. However, lack of appropriate data precludes the estimation of straight market power indicators, leaving the possibility of using price series to identify market power. The objective of this study is to identify the presence of market power at the retail of fuel ethanol in cities of different sizes. The method adopted consists in verifying if price increases and decreases are transmitted asymmetrically to consumers, assuming that more intense transmission of price increases is related to the presence of market power. Monthly wholesale and retail price series of ethanol for cities with different sizes located in São Paulo State, Brazil, were used. The results indicate the presence of market power, since retailers were able to transmit price increases more rapidly and more intensively than price decreases for most cities. Such results suggest that asymmetry in price transmission can be a useful analytical tool to investigate market power and that antitrust authorities must observe the retail concentration and the behavior in the fuel market in order to protect consumers.
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- 2015
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43. Mecanismos de coordenação em redes de pequenos negócios supermercadistas no estado de São Paulo: formalidade, informalidade e coesão relacional
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Luiz Fernando Paulillo and Luciano Mitidieri Bento Garcia
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Knowledge management ,lcsh:T55.4-60.8 ,Industrial engineering. Management engineering ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Coordenação ,T55.4-60.8 ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,Order (exchange) ,Perception ,Redes ,lcsh:Industrial engineering. Management engineering ,Coesão ,Market power ,Business and International Management ,media_common ,business.industry ,Corporate governance ,New institutionalism ,Public relations ,Central de Negócios ,Geography ,Work (electrical) ,Cohesion (chemistry) ,Eficácia ,business ,Qualitative research - Abstract
Some small supermarkets have sought to address the increased market power of large groups of the sector through cooperative actions that develop in networks called central business. This work presents and analyzes one of these central business districts in the state of S. Paulo that operates through networks of relationships. Another important contribution is to show the dynamics embedded in this central business district after a merger with a broader network, in a larger municipality. According to the theoretical perspectives represented by the new institutionalism and network approach, especially relational governance, the central business district of small supermarkets can be defined as horizontal cooperative governance actors, where the efficiencies of the goals are linked to formal and informal mechanisms of coordination and strength of relational cohesion that emerged among its members. According to a qualitative research approach and in order to gauge respondents’ perceptions regarding the effectiveness of the network studied, the effectiveness of their formal and informal mechanisms of coordination and intensity of relations for cohesion, the work is based on semi-structured interviews with members of the network using a script composed of items related to perceived effectiveness, aspects of coordination and relational cohesion. There is a high perception of effectiveness among the members of the network studied, and it has increased considerably from the integration with the larger network. There is also an important interaction between formal and informal mechanisms of coordination and maintenance of a cohesive relationship among members.
- Published
- 2014
44. Competição Bancária: Comparação dos Comportamentos de Bancos Públicos e Privados
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Adriana Bruscato Bortoluzzo, Tiago Sammarco Martins, and Sergio G. Lazzarini
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índice de Lerner ,Government ,lcsh:Management. Industrial management ,Public economics ,media_common.quotation_subject ,bancos privados ,competição ,Financial system ,General Medicine ,Lerner index ,lcsh:HF5601-5689 ,public banks ,private banks ,credit ,competition ,Interest rate ,Competition (economics) ,Politics ,lcsh:Accounting. Bookkeeping ,lcsh:HD28-70 ,Loan ,crédito ,bancos públicos ,Economics ,Perfect competition ,Market power ,media_common - Abstract
Os bancos públicos representam uma parcela importante do mercado bancário no Brasil e no mundo, e têm sido utilizados como instrumentos dos governos para buscar objetivos sociais e políticos. Apesar de um dos principais argumentos para a existência de bancos públicos ser o incentivo à competição, esse papel ainda é controverso na literatura. Este artigo analisa o mercado bancário brasileiro no período de 2000 a 2011, calculando o nível de competição entre bancos públicos e privados, e suas reações às medidas adotadas pelo governo brasileiro durante a crise mundial de 2008, período em que este adotou publicamente a postura de exercer pressão política sobre os bancos públicos para aumento de concessões de crédito e redução de taxas de juros. Com base nos resultados de um modelo de regressão em três estágios, visando estimar o índice de Lerner dos bancos, foi constatado que os bancos públicos apresentam comportamento mais próximo à competição perfeita do que os privados, ainda que aqueles tenham algum poder de mercado. Também foi observada mudança de comportamento dos bancos após a crise de 2008, tanto para os públicos como para os privados, sendo que ambos apresentaram aumento em seus níveis de competição.
- Published
- 2014
45. The Role of Institutional-Legal Capacity and Power in Explaining the Performance of Developing Countries in WTO Disputes against the G2
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Maria Izabel V de Carvalho and Carlos Henrique Canesin
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Developing countries and WTO disputes ,WTO dispute settlement system ,market power ,Generalized Linear Model ,institutional-legal capacity ,International relations ,JZ2-6530 - Abstract
Abstract This article analyses the performance of developing countries in WTO disputes against the USA and EU (the G2) from 1995 to 2012. It investigates the influence of four factors – WTO rules and norms, institutional-legal capacity, market power, and trade dynamics – on two samples, namely disputes initiated and successfully concluded against the G2. Generalized Linear Models (GLMs) are used to analyse the data. They show that, while relative bilateral exports also play a role, the institutional-legal capacity and market power of developing countries (as represented by GDP) play the most important role in allowing developing countries to initiate disputes against the G2, and to complete them successully.
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46. On the relationship between antitrust and strategy: taking steps and thinking ahead
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Guilherme Fowler de Avila Monteiro
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Strategy ,Antitrust ,Market power ,RBV ,Business ,HF5001-6182 - Abstract
Abstract In this paper, I examine the role that strategic analysis has played on antitrust and discuss new analytical venues. In order to accomplish this goal, the paper presents two directions. Initially, I undertake a review of the current debate between antitrust and strategy. I argue that much of the contemporary discussion on the subject is founded on traditional economic approaches to strategy, what leads to the disregard of the role of firm heterogeneity in competitive dynamics. In the second part of the paper, I sketch an approach to antitrust based on the resource-based view of strategy. This approach is particularly useful in examining the conditions of market rivalry, being a complement – not necessarily a substitute – to the traditional antitrust economic analysis.
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47. Grau de Concorrência e Poder de Mercado nas Exportações de Leite em Pó para o Brasil
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Lucas Campio Pinha, Marcelo José Braga, and Antônio Carvalho Campos
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Competition ,Market power ,Skimmed milk powder ,Whole milk powder ,Export ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 - Abstract
Resumo: Há indícios de que Argentina e Uruguai atuem como oligopolistas e exerçam poder de mercado nas exportações de leite em pó para o Brasil. As firmas dos dois países supracitados exportam quase a totalidade destes derivados para o território brasileiro, ao passo que há uma regionalização do comércio internacional destes produtos, restringindo a concorrência com outros países. O objetivo central do presente trabalho é verificar o grau de concorrência nas exportações de leite em pó integral e desnatado para o Brasil pela existência do poder de mercado praticado pelos países exportadores. Para isto, utiliza-se o modelo de demanda residual, estimado por mínimo quadrado de dois estágios (MQ2E), seemingly unrelated regressions (SUR) e mínimo quadrado de três estágios (MQ3E). Os resultados indicam que o Uruguai atua como oligopolista e exerce poder de mercado em ambos os mercados, enquanto a Argentina, apenas no caso do leite em pó integral. Os resultados sugerem que o Brasil deve buscar meios de elevar a concorrência nas importações de leite em pó, já que, assim, os preços tenderiam a ser menores e os consumidores se beneficiariam neste aspecto.
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48. Estudo de eventos e análise da rentabilidade ex post como metodologia de análise de fusões: o caso brasileiro
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Rabello, Gabriel Gouvêa, Perobelli, Fernanda Finotti Cordeiro, Vasconcelos, Silvinha Pinto, Vasconcelos, Cláudio Roberto Fóffano, and Minardi, Andrea Maria Accioly Fonseca
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Efeitos anticompetitivos ,Estudo de eventos ,Antitrust ,Efeitos competitivos ,CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::ECONOMIA [CNPQ] ,Ganhos de eficiência ,Competitive effects ,Market power ,Efficiencies ,Anticompetitive effects ,Defesa da concorrência ,Mergers ,Event study ,Fusões ,Poder de mercado - Abstract
O objetivo desta dissertação é estimar os potenciais efeitos competitivos sobre o mercado relevante das principais fusões ocorridas no Brasil após o Plano Real, avaliando a eficácia da metodologia de estimação ex ante de efeitos efetivamente observados na rentabilidade das firmas fusionadas e rivais ex post. Segundo a análise de modelo teórico proposto por Motta (2004),é possível utilizar o resultado das firmas rivais no mercado em que ocorreu a fusão como indicador da presença de ganhos em eficiência ou de poder de mercado no mercado relevante das firmas fusionadas, em que retornos positivos para as firmas rivais indicam a presença de poder de mercado e, consequentemente, uma diminuição do excedente do consumidor e do bem-estar na economia. Analogamente, retornos negativos para as firmas rivais indicariam a presença de ganhos em eficiência e aumento do bem-estar. Para estimar os efeitos das fusões sobre as firmas rivais e fusionadas, utiliza-se neste trabalho a metodologia de estudo de eventos em que são calculados os retornos anormais das ações das firmas rivais, bem como das firmas fusionadas, decorrentes do anúncio da fusão. Além disso, para verificar se a metodologia de estudo de eventos é capaz de capturar os efeitos competitivos das fusões de maneira adequada, comparam-se os resultados obtidos via metodologia de estudo de eventos com uma medida de desempenho das firmas ex post.Tal comparação foi feita por meio de uma análise de correlação e regressão. Nesse estudo, foi utilizada uma amostra de 42 grandes fusões horizontais entre firmas de capital aberto com ações cotadas na BM&FBOVESPA e suas respectivas rivais no setor, além de um detalhamento para um setor específico, o de Telecomunicações. Os resultados empíricos obtidos na metodologia de estudo de eventos apontam para uma maior presença de efeitos anticompetitivos nas fusões em geral (ganho de poder de mercado) e de ganhos de eficiência para o setor de Telecomunicações. Além disso, foi encontrada, tanto para as firmas rivais como para as firmas fusionadas,correlação positiva e significativa entre os retornos anormais e o efeito na lucratividade ex post, evidenciando a capacidade do mercado em antecipar os efeitos negativos das fusões sobre o bem-estar. Esses resultados também são corroborados pela análise de regressão, cabendo ressaltar a presença do efeito de reversão à média, evidenciando, assim, a utilidade da metodologia de estudo de eventos em capturar os efeitos potenciais das fusões ex ante. The objective of this dissertation is to estimate the potential competitive effects on the relevant market of major mergers occurred in Brazil after the Real Plan, evaluating the effectiveness of methods used to estimate ex ante effects actually observed in the profitability of merged firms and rivals ex post. According to the analysis of the theoretical model proposed by Motta(2004), it is possible to use the result of rival firms in the market in which the merger occurred as an indicator of the presence of gains in efficiency or market power in the relevant market of the merged firms, where positive returns for rival firms indicate the presence of market power and, consequently, a decrease in consumer surplus and welfare in the economy. Similarly, negative returns for rival firms indicate the presence of efficiency gains and increased well-being. To estimate the effects of mergers on rivals and firms merged, is used in this work to study methodology in which events are calculated abnormal stock returns of rival firms as well as firms merged, resulting from the merger announcement. This comparison was made by means of a correlation analysis and regression. In this study, a sample of 42large horizontal mergers between firms with publicly traded shares listed on the BM&FBOVESPA and their respective rivals in the sector was used, and a breakdown for a specific sector, the Telecommunications. The empirical results obtained in the methodology of event studies show a higher presence of anticompetitive mergers in general (gain market power) and efficiency gains in the sector of Telecommunications effects. Furthermore, it was found for both the rival firms as for firms merged, positive and significant correlation between abnormal returns and the effect on ex post profitability, demonstrating the market's ability to anticipate the negative effects of mergers on the welfare. These results are also corroborated by regression analysis, fitting to emphasize the presence of the effect of mean reversion, thus demonstrating the usefulness of the event study methodology to capture the potential effects of ex ante mergers.
- Published
- 2013
49. Análise das margens e transmissão de preços no sistema agroindustrial do suco de laranja no Brasil
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Luiz Fernando de Oriani Paullilo, Adelson Martins Figueiredo, and Hildo Meireles de Souza Filho
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Orange juice ,Economics and Econometrics ,General Social Sciences ,Forestry ,Orange (colour) ,lcsh:S1-972 ,marketing margins ,Gross margin ,Mercados imperfeitos ,Imperfect markets, marketing margins, price transmission, orange juice, orange market., Agribusiness, D43 ,Agricultural science ,orange juice ,transmissão de preços ,orange market ,Economics ,Revenue ,margens de comercialização ,mercado de laranja ,Market power ,lcsh:Agriculture (General) ,Marketing ,suco de laranja ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Imperfect markets ,price transmission - Abstract
As relações econômicas entre citricultores e empresas processadoras de suco de laranja no Brasil têm sido marcadas por conflitos, culminando em denúncias de descumprimento de cláusulas contratuais e abertura de processos junto ao Conselho Administrativo de Defesa da Concorrência (Cade). As recentes tentativas frustradas de formação de um Consecitrus evidenciam que os conflitos permanecem. Devido à evidente fragilidade nas relações entre esses agentes, o objetivo desse trabalho foi investigar se há indícios de uso de poder de mercado por parte das empresas processadoras em suas transações com produtores de laranja. Para isso, examina-se a evolução das margens brutas de comercialização e a transmissão de preços, a partir de dados mensais de preços de laranja e preços de suco de laranja no período de janeiro de 2001 a março de 2011. Do estudo das margens constatou-se que os ganhos obtidos pelas processadoras são significativamente maiores quando se adiciona a venda de subprodutos do processamento da laranja. Destaca-se que, em geral, as margens brutas do elo de processamento são subestimadas quando se consideram apenas os produtos principais no cálculo. A análise de transmissão demonstrou que as empresas processadoras repassam apenas decréscimos de preço para produtores no curto prazo e que há assimetria no longo prazo. Portanto, há indícios do uso de poder de mercado por parte das empresas processadoras de suco de laranja, sendo que essa prática pode gerar perdas acumuladas aos produtores, uma vez que há assimetria no longo prazo com recomposição menos que proporcional à variação dos preços. Trades between orange growers and orange juice processing companies in Brazil have been characterized by conflicts, culminating in accusations of breach of contracts and cases of anti-trust violations in the Council for Economic Defense (Cade). Recently, attempts to create a council, called Consecitrus, have failed, evidencing that conflicts remain. Due to the evident fragility of the transactions between these agents, the aim of this study is to investigate whether there is indication of market power use by the processing companies in their dealings with growers. For this, the evolution of gross margins and price transmission are analyzed. The analysis of the margins revealed that the gains achieved by processors are significantly higher when the revenue obtained with the sale of byproducts is added to the juice revenue. It was found that the margins are underestimated when considering only the leading products in its calculation. The analysis of price transmission showed that processing companies transfer price decreases for growers in the short-term and an asymmetry in the long-run. Therefore, there is an evidence of the market power use by orange juice processing companies, and this practice can generate cumulative losses for growers, since there is an asymmetry in the long-term with less than proportional price recovery.
- Published
- 2013
50. Poder de mercado no varejo de etanol no estado de São Paulo
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Santos, Jaqueline Zani dos, Aguiar, Danilo Rolim Dias de, and Pitelli, Mariusa Momenti
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economia de mercado ,poder de mercado ,varejo ,etanol ,market power ,transmissão de preços ,retail ,ECONOMIA [CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS] ,ethanol ,organização industrial ,price transmission ,mercado combustível São Paulo (Estado) - Abstract
Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos Given the economic dimension of the sugar and ethanol industry, there is a strong concern regarding the loss of social welfare due to market power usage by ethanol companies, especially at retail, where conditions are favorable to cooperation. The present study's objective is to determine if there is any market power abuse in retail sales of hydrous ethanol in the State of São Paulo, by verifying if price increases and decreases are transmitted to the customer proportionally, and identifying if there is any difference in price transmission mechanisms between smaller (where competition is less) and larger tows. Monthly wholesale and retail price series are used, provided by ANP, for the period of January 2005 to August 2011, for a sample of cities in the state of São Paulo. The results indicated that market power was used in the ethanol retail market, where retailers were able to transmit to the consumers price increases faster than decreases. Dada a dimensão econômica do setor sucroalcooleiro, aumenta-se a preocupação de ocorrência de perdas de bem-estar social devido ao uso de poder de mercado por parte das empresas da cadeia produtiva de etanol, preocupação esta que é maior em nível de varejo, uma vez que os postos de combustíveis apresentam condições favoráveis à formação de cartéis. O presente estudo tem por objetivo identificar se há abuso de poder de mercado por parte dos postos de combustíveis do estado de São Paulo na revenda do etanol hidratado, buscando verificar se os acréscimos e decréscimos de preços são transmitidos com a mesma intensidade aos consumidores e identificar se existe diferença no mecanismo de transmissão de preços em municípios menores (onde a concorrência é menor) e maiores. Neste trabalho foram utilizados dados de preços mensais em níveis de distribuição e varejo, disponibilizados pela ANP, no período de janeiro de 2005 a agosto de 2011, para uma amostra de cidades do estado de São Paulo, e os resultados mostraram indícios de exercício de poder de mercado no varejo de etanol, onde os varejistas conseguiram repassar mais rapidamente os acréscimos do que os decréscimos de preços aos consumidores.
- Published
- 2012
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