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O treinamento em hipóxia baseia-se na diminuição da quantidade disponível de oxigênio nos tecidos, no qual é realizado em grandes altitudes. Com a finalidade de simular esse método, máscaras estão sendo utilizadas durante o treinamento. Com base nisso o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a influência de sessões de treinamento em condições de hipóxia normobárica intermitente e normóxia sobre os parâmetros hematológicos e aptidão aeróbica. Trata-se de um estudo de campo, caracterizado como experimental do tipo pré e pós-teste, de corte longitudinal, de natureza intervencionista-descritiva com abordagem quantitativa. A amostra foi composta por 18 homens, relacionados por adesão, distribuídos aleatoriamente em três grupos, no qual foram submetidos ao teste de aptidão aeróbica e hemograma antes e após as sessões de treinamento com máscara. O tratamento foi composto por 12 sessões, concentração de 15% de oxigênio (30 min/dia, 3x/sem). As análises estatísticas, feitas através do teste t de Student para amostras pareadas (p

Objetivos: Verificar a prevalência de casos de asfixia perinatal admitidos na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal (UTIN) do Hospital Universitário do Oeste do Paraná (HUOP) e investigar o seguimento do número de casos ao longo dos anos. Materiais e métodos: A população do estudo foi constituída por neonatos com asfixia perinatal internados na UTIN do HUOP de janeiro do ano de 2017 a dezembro do ano de 2021. Os dados foram coletados por meio da verificação dos livros de registros do setor e dos prontuários. A identificação de asfixia perinatal foi feita com base na pontuação do Apgar, sendo considerado asfixia ao nascimento escores ≤6 no quinto minuto de vida. Resultados: No período do estudo, 15,15% dos neonatos admitidos na UTIN do HUOP apresentavam índice de Apgar ≤6 no quinto minuto de vida. Um acréscimo significativo no número de casos foi observado apenas no ano de 2019 comparado aos anos anteriores. Não houve diferenças ao longo dos cinco anos no número de óbitos. Conclusão: A prevalência de asfixia perinatal na UTIN do HUOP foi semelhante à de outros países. O aumento de neonatos asfixiados com diagnóstico associado de aspiração de líquido meconial e malformações congênitas em 2019 é uma das hipóteses para a ascensão no número de casos neste ano.

Background: The brachycephalic dog breeds have been increasing in Brazil, and these animals are predisposed to present the brachycephalic dog syndrome, consisting of anatomical defects that lead to physiological changes and clinical signs such as wheezing, dyspnea, and hypoxia. Electrocardiography (ECG) is a simple test that can detect disturbances in the electrical activity of the heart, including changes present in hypoxia. The brachycephalic dog syndrome can lead to pulmonary hypertension due to hypoxia. Based on this, the present work aimed to evaluate the ECG of brachycephalic dogs in search of significant changes in heart rhythm, ECG waves, and cardiac axis. Materials, Methods & Results: Twenty-nine dogs were evaluated in this study, 19 brachycephalic and 10 mesaticephalic, after approval by an ethics committee the animals were selected. Electrocardiographic examinations were performed in 2 stages, at rest and immediately after a 3-min trot. The exam was performed with a computerized electrocardiograph, with a standard time of 5 min. The standard positioning for performing the examination was the right lateral decubitus position. To improve the electrical conductivity, 70% alcohol was used between the animal's skin and the electrodes. In statistical analysis, paired t test was performed for comparison of the same group before and after exercise and unpaired t test between groups at the same moments, considering P < 0.05 as significant. Nineteen brachycephalic animals were evaluated, 10 Pugs and 9 French Bulldogs, 9 males and 10 females. The mean age was 3.4 ± 1.8 years; and the mean weight was 12.5 kg ± 2.7 kg. In the control group, consisting of ten mesaticephalic animals, all were non-breed, three males and seven females; the mean age and weight in this group were 4.4 ± 1.5 years and 7.5 kg ± 0.5 kg, respectively. There was a significant increase in heart rate (bpm) after exercise in brachycephalic dogs (baseline: 119.3 ± 4.3; after exercise: 135.1 ± 4.9; P = 0.0005). The same occurred for P wave amplitude (mV) (baseline: 0.20 ± 0.01; after exercise: 0.22 ± 0.01; P = 0.0001). These differences were not found in the control group. There were no alterations in the duration of the P wave, PR interval, QRS complex, and QT interval, and all were within normal values for the species in both groups. The R-wave amplitude remained unaltered and within normal values in both the control and brachycephalic groups. Discussion: The elevation in heart rate may be associated with the chemoreflex secondary to the increased demand for oxygenation during exercise and the hypoxia generated by it. The increase in P amplitude suggests right atrial overload. The P wave corresponds to the atrial depolarization and its amplitude corresponds to the electrical activity in the right atrium. Thus, it is possible to relate the increase in P amplitude and heart rate to the hypoxia caused by exercise in brachycephalic, since this hypoxia results in chemoreceptor activation that increases chronotropism and heart rate. Also, there may be increased pressure in the pulmonary trunk, this increased pressure occurs due to vasoconstriction generated as a reflex to hypoxia in the pulmonary alveoli, leading to a possible picture of acute pulmonary hypertension that, in a cascade effect, leads to hypertrophy and dilation of the right ventricle, increased strength of contractility and ejection affecting the tricuspid valve causing a reflux and consequent overload of the right atrium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To characterize the pressures, resistances, oxygenation, and decarboxylation efficacy of two oxygenators associated in series or in parallel during venous-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support. Methods: Using the results of a swine severe respiratory failure associated with multiple organ dysfunction venousvenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support model and mathematical modeling, we explored the effects on oxygenation, decarboxylation and circuit pressures of in-parallel and in-series associations of oxygenators. Results: Five animals with a median weight of 80kg were tested. Both configurations increased the oxygen partial pressure after the oxygenators. The return cannula oxygen content was also slightly higher, but the impact on systemic oxygenation was minimal using oxygenators with a high rated flow (~ 7L/minute). Both configurations significantly reduced the systemic carbon dioxide partial pressure. As the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation blood flow increased, the oxygenator resistance decreased initially with a further increase with higher blood flows but with a small clinical impact. Conclusion: Association of oxygenators in parallel or in series during venous-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support provides a modest increase in carbon dioxide partial pressure removal with a slight improvement in oxygenation. The effect of oxygenator associations on extracorporeal circuit pressures is minimal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A concentração de lactato sanguíneo é utilizada frequentemente em pacientes críticos para identificar hipóxia tecidual, e seus valores têm sido referenciados como marcadores prognósticos em diversos cenários, sendo que o lactato sanguíneo em Tucanos Toco nunca foi descrito anteriormente. A hiperlactatemia é relacionada como sinal de hipoperfusão sistêmica e local e como indicador prognostico, sendo associada com a morte de pacientes enfermos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever os níveis de lactato sérico em tucanos toco (Ramphastos toco) visando iniciar uma linha de pesquisa utilizando esta análise como marcador biológico prognóstico nesta espécie. Utilizou-se 17 tucanos toco (Ramphastos toco) de vida livre, mantidos temporariamente em cativeiro no Laboratório de Ensino e Pesquisa de Animais Selvagens (LAPAS) da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia. Todos foram capturados pela Polícia Ambiental ou IBAMA e encaminhados ao LAPAS para tratamento, reabilitação e posterior soltura. A coleta foi realizada para acompanhamento clínico dos animais e, no caso do lactato, autorizada pelo Parecer no 365-2016 da Comissão de Ética, Bioética e Bem-Estar Animal da Universidade de Vila Velha. Em Tucanos Toco (Ramphastos toco), os valores do lactato sanguíneo está entre 4,2 e 6,7 mMol/L, porém, sendo ainda necessários mais estudos comparando estes resultados com outros obtidos em animais portadores de patologias específicas, para caracterizar sua utilização como indicador prognóstico e também de momento de soltura.

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Introducción: La depresión neonatal es una de las causas más frecuentes de ingreso de recién nacidos a unidades especializadas de atención neonatal. La asfixia perinatal es una de las causas de bajo puntaje de Apgar, siendo uno de los criterios clínicos para su diagnóstico. Los principales factores de riesgo vinculados con bajos puntajes de Apgar pueden ser maternos (edad, patologías obstétricas, nivel socioeconómico, adicciones, etc.), del trabajo de parto y parto o, alteraciones fetales. Objetivos: Determinar los factores perinatales asociados a la baja puntuación de Apgar a los 5 minutos del nacimiento. Diseño: Estudio retrospectivo de casos y controles en los años 2015 y 2016. Institución: Hospital de la Mujer, Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell, Montevideo, Uruguay. Participantes: Se incluyeron todos los recién nacidos a término con Apgar a los 5 minutos menor o igual a 5. Resultados: Hubo un total de 12.528 nacimientos de recién nacidos vivos de término en el HM. 34 casos de recién nacidos con Apgar a los 5 minutos menor o igual a 5. Esto corresponde al 0,27% de la población. No se identificaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en cuanto a los principales factores asociados a asfixia perinatal. Conclusiones: En el análisis de esta población, la mayoría de los factores analizados no se asocia con los casos de Apgar a los 5 minutos menor o igual a 5 (depresión neonatal moderada-severa), por lo que la mayoría de estos casos pueden no ser evitables.

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Prescrição e Fisiologia do Exercício is the property of Instituto Brasileiro de Pesquisa e Ensino em Fisiologia do Exercicio and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Prescrição e Fisiologia do Exercício is the property of Instituto Brasileiro de Pesquisa e Ensino em Fisiologia do Exercicio and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introducción. La depresión neonatal es una de las causas más frecuentes de ingreso de recién nacidos a unidades especializadas de atención neonatal. La asfixia perinatal es una de las causas de bajo puntaje de Apgar, siendo uno de los criterios clínicos para su diagnóstico. Los principales factores de riesgo vinculados con bajos puntajes de Apgar pueden ser maternos (edad, patologías obstétricas, nivel socioeconómico, adicciones, etc.), del trabajo de parto y parto o, alteraciones fetales. Objetivos. Determinar los factores perinatales asociados a la baja puntuación de Apgar a los 5 minutos. Diseño. Estudio retrospectivo de casos y controles en los años 2015 y 2016. Institución. Hospital de la Mujer, Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell, Montevideo, Uruguay. Participantes. Se incluyeron todos los recién nacidos término con Apgar a los 5 minutos menor o igual a 5. Resultados. Hubo un total de 12528 nacimientos de recién nacidos vivos de término en el HM. 34 casos de recién nacidos con Apgar a los 5 minutos menor o igual a 5. Esto corresponde al 0,27 % de la población. No se identificaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en cuanto a los principales factores asociados a asfixia perinatal. Conclusiones. En el análisis de esta población, la mayoría de los factores analizados no se asocia con los casos de Apgar a los 5 minutos menor o igual a 5 (depresión neonatal moderada-severa), por lo que la mayoría de estos casos pueden no ser evitables.

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar incubadoras de estágio múltiplo e único e diferentes níveis de CO2 sobre o desempenho, número e diâmetro das fibras musculares, morfometria cardíaca e rendimento de carcaça de frangos de corte. Foram incubados 2.520 ovos férteis em um delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, distribuídos em quatro níveis de CO2 (4.000, 6.000, 8.000 e 10.000ppm) em incubadoras de estágio único durante os primeiros dez dias de incubação e um tratamento controle utilizando uma incubadora de estágio múltiplo, totalizando cinco tratamentos com 504 ovos em cada um. Após a eclosão, 1.050 pintos machos foram alojados de acordo com o delineamento utilizado no incubatório. A hipercapnia aplicada nos primeiros 10 dias de incubação afetou o ganho de peso e a conversão alimentar dos pintos na primeira semana de vida, no entanto, esses efeitos não foram mantidos até o final do período de criação. Não houve efeito de incubadoras ou da hipercapnia sobre a morfometria muscular e cardíaca. Houve maior rendimento de coxas das aves na idade de abate oriundas de incubadoras em estágio único com até 6.000 ppm de CO2, quando comparadas à incubação em máquinas de estágio múltiplo. Esse efeito pode ser atribuído à maior vascularização induzida pela hipercapnia precoce.Palavras-chave: desempenho produtivo, embrião, hipercapnia, hipóxia.

This case report describes the importance of physiotherapeutic assistance for a newborn with episodes of apnea and seizures without apparent causes. The objective was to report the relevance of physiotherapy in preventing sequelae associated with the central nervous system of the neonate, resulting from neonatal hypoxia and seizure episodes. The newborn was admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit with unstable vital signs and received positioning care, kinesiotherapy, and adjustments in ventilatory parameters. Physiotherapy contributed to the reduction of hospitalization time and the neuropsychomotor development of the patient. [Extracted from the article]

We report the case of a patient in whom brain death was suspected and associated with atelectasis and moderate to severe hypoxemia even though the patient was subjected to protective ventilation, a closed tracheal suction system, positive endexpiratory pressure, and recruitment maneuvers. Faced with the failure to obtain an adequate partial pressure of oxygen for the apnea test, we elected to place the patient in a prone position, use higher positive end-expiratory pressure, perform a new recruitment maneuver, and ventilate with a higher tidal volume (8mL/kg) without exceeding the plateau pressure of 30cmH2O. The apnea test was performed with the patient in a prone position, with continuous positive airway pressure coupled with a T-piece. The delay in diagnosis was 10 hours, and organ donation was not possible due to circulatory arrest. This report demonstrates the difficulties in obtaining higher levels of the partial pressure of oxygen for the apnea test. The delays in the diagnosis of brain death and in the organ donation process are discussed, as well as potential strategies to optimize the partial pressure of oxygen to perform the apnea test according to the current recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soybean is a crop of great productive and economic potential in Brazil, but it does not tolerate long periods of flooding. The sown of soybean with early cultivars is a common practice in the South of the State of Mato Grosso do Sul (Brazil), aiming the second crop (corn), however, how soybean performance in this kind of system is unknow. The objective of this study was to evaluate some agronomic characteristics of three soybean cultivars sown in three sowing dates with a soil tillage system in ridges. The experiment was carried out at Fazenda Águas da Fortuna, Itaporã (MS). The soil is classified as Humic Glei, with drainage deficiency. The experimental design was completely randomized (CRD), with plots arranged in three sowing dates (25/09/15, 20/10/15 and 15/11/15) and subplots were three soybean cultivars (BMX Ponta, Coodetec 2728 and Monsoy 6410), with four replications. The variables analyzed were plant height, stem diameter, 100-grain weight and grain yield. Sowing of soybean at the first sowing date (September) resulted in higher crop development and soybean grain yield of cultivars Monsoy 6410 and BMX Ponta, when cultivated in Humic Glei, with a soil tillage system in ridges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Pulmonology / Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisiologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: the "shortness of breath" or "breathing interruption" crisis can be considered a cause of hypoxia in childhood. It is characterized by the presence of a triggering factor followed by weeping and apnea in expiration accompanied by cyanosis or pallor. The sequence of events may include bradycardia, loss of consciousness, abnormal postural tone and even asystole. A review of the literature revealed only two reports of postoperative apnea caused by "shortness of breath".CASE REPORT: this article describes the case of a child with a history of "shortness of breath" undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy, but that represented the cause of episodes of hypoxemia and bradycardia in the postoperative period.CONCLUSIONS: the "shortness of breath" crisis should be considered as a possible cause of perioperative hypoxia in children, especially when there is a history suggestive of this problem. As some events may be accompanied by bradycardia, loss of consciousness, abnormal postural tone and even asystole, observation in a hospital setting should be considered.

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Agricultura Irrigada - RBAI is the property of Revista Brasileira de Agricultura Irrigada - RBAI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introdução: Não são poucos os estudos que versam sobre treinamento contrarresistência (TCR) com restrição de fluxo sanguíneo (RFS). Porém, este assunto ainda não foi explorado suficientemente e tendem a se associar com pH elevado no músculo, estimulação de metaborreceptores entre outros. A hipóxia é um dos fatores que parece se relacionar aos mecanismos fisiológicos da hipertrofia. Objetivo: Monitorar a oxigenação muscular durante o exercício contrarresistência com RFS nos membros inferiores de jovens, saudáveis e não atletas no modo isotônico. Métodos: Foram estudados 12 voluntários do sexo masculino (idade 18,7 ±0,5 anos; massa corporal 66,9 ±8,0 kg; estatura 174,9 ±7,2 cm; % gordura 9,2 ±3,5) sem experiência em TCR. Antes da coleta foi determinada a força máxima de extensão unilateral de joelho (1RM) bem como aferida, por meio de Doppler na artéria poplítea, a pressão de oclusão total (M=160 + 15,8 mmHg) para que fosse utilizada a pressão de RFS a 50% (80 + 7,9 mmHg) na execução das séries. O teste de força seguiu o seguinte protocolo: três séries de 15 repetições; 50% RFS a 30% de 1RM com intervalos de 30 segundos entre as séries. Para monitorar a oxigenação tecidual foi utilizada a espectroscopia no infravermelho próximo (NIRS) técnica óptica e não invasiva nos membros inferiores, músculo vasto lateral, experimental e controle. Resultados: A ANOVA 2 x 3 (condição x séries, com medidas repetidas no segundo fator) mostrou que houve efeito principal do tempo, sem interação significativa entre as condições, sem e com restrição de fluxo sanguíneo. Quanto às respostas de oxigenação muscular durante os intervalos, não foi observada interação entre as condições. Conclusão: Após monitoramento e análise dos resultados não foi possível verificar diferenças significativas entre as condições RFS e sem RFS, sugerindo que mais estudos devem ser realizados para se chegar a uma conclusão.

The stress imposed on plants by soil flooding constitutes a major barrier to growth and productivity. The identification of soybean varieties that produce higher levels of isoflavones, is necessary as soybeans have been used as human food to reduce risks of chronic diseases. Thus, this study was conducted with the objective of quantifying proteins and isoflavones in soybean cultivars subjected to flooding at various stages of development. The cultivars 'BRS267', 'BRS257' and 'BRS213' were subjected to 15 days of flooding, starting at the stages V6 and V8 and 11 days under stress starting at the stage R4. The proteins in the grain were extracted and quantified and analyzed by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. Isoflavones were extracted, separated and quantified on HPLC. The electrophoretic analysis of the three cultivars under study revealed the same pattern of banding relative to the total protein regardless of the treatment. However, it was noted that flooding led to an increase in the total contents of isoflavones in the BRS 267 plants flooded in stage R4, remaining constant in other cultivars.O estresse imposto às plantas pelo alagamento do solo constitui uma barreira para o crescimento e produtividade destas. A identificação de cultivares de soja que possam produzir maior teor de isoflavonas torna-se necessária à medida que a soja vem sendo utilizada na alimentação humana e para redução dos riscos de doenças crônicas. Dessa forma, o presente estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de quantificar isoflavonas e proteínas em cultivares de soja submetidas ao alagamento em diferentes estádios de desenvolvimento. As cultivares 'BRS 267', 'BRS 257' e 'BRS 213' foram submetidas a 15 dias de alagamento, nos estádios V6 e V8 e 11 dias sob estresse, no estádio R4. As proteínas no grão foram extraídas e quantificadas e analisadas as eletroforeses em SDS-PAGE. Os isoflavonóides foram extraídos, separados e quantificados por HPLC. A análise por eletroforese das três cultivares revelou o mesmo padrão de bandas relativas às proteínas totais, independente do tratamento utilizado. O alagamento promoveu aumento no teor total de isoflavonas nas plantas alagadas no estádio R4 da cultivar 'BRS 267', permanecendo constante nas demais cultivares.

A primeira resposta ao estresse é a fuga, que depende do desempenho natatório e de ajustes fisiológicos. Este estudo investigou a velocidade crítica de natação (Ucrit) de matrinxã após exposição à hipoxia. Para isso, os peixes foram expostos à hipoxia, sendo uma parte do grupo analisada antes e outra após natação forçada, por meio da Ucrit. A hipoxia resultou no aumento de lactato, glicose, cortisol e hematócrito. Mudanças nos níveis de sódio e potássio, bem como os valores de Ucrit não foram observadas. Sugere-se que o matrinxã seja sensível à hipoxia, mas os ajustes fisiológicos são suficientes para manter seu desempenho natatório.Escape is the first response of fish to stress, that depends on the swimming performance and the physiological adjustments. This study has investigated the critical swimming speed (Ucrit) of matrinxã after exposure to hypoxia. To achieve that, the fishes were exposed to hypoxia and analyzed before and after forced swimming, using Ucrit. The hypoxia caused an increase of lactate, glucose, cortisol and hematocrit. No changes of plasma sodium and potassium levels, as well as the Ucrit, were observed. We suggest that matrinxã is sensitive to hypoxia, but the physiological adjustments are sufficient to keep its swimming performance.

OBJETIVO: Discutir os efeitos da exposição à altitude sobre as funções neuropsicológicas. MÉTODO: Foi realizada uma revisão de literatura usando como fonte de pesquisa artigos indexados no Pubmed, no período de 1921 a 2008, utilizando as palavras-chave "cognition and hypoxia", "hypoxia and neuropsychology", "acute hypoxia", "chronic hypoxia" e "acclimatization and hypoxia", além de livros específicos do assunto. DISCUSSÃO: Os efeitos agudos e crônicos da hipóxia podem alterar inúmeras funções neuropsicológicas em diferentes altitudes, decorrentes de alterações fisiológicas que resultam da diminuição parcial de oxigênio (O2), que podem levar as alterações neuropsicológicas, como atenção, memória, tomada de decisão e demais funções executivas, em indivíduos expostos a grandes altitudes. CONCLUSÃO: Indivíduos que se expõem às grandes altitudes devem utilizar suplementação de O2 e prática de aclimatização, entre outras estratégias para minimizar os efeitos negativos da hipóxia nos aspectos neuropsicológicos.OBJECTIVE: Discuss the effects of altitude exposure on neuropsychological functions. METHOD: We have conducted a literature review using as source indexed articles at Pubmed in the period from 1921 to 2008, using the following key words: "cognition and hypoxia", "hypoxia and neuropsychology", "acute hypoxia", "chronic hypoxia", and "acclimatization and hypoxia", as well as specific books on the subject. DISCUSSION: Acute and chronic effects of Hypoxia can alter many of the neuropsychological functions in different altitudes due to physiological changes resulted by the oxygen (O2) partial decrease that can lead to neuropsychological alterations in individuals exposed to high altitudes. CONCLUSION: Individuals exposed to high altitudes must use an O2 supplementation and the practice of acclimatization, among other strategy ways that can be used in order to minimize the negative effects of hypoxia on neuropsychological aspects.

The objective of this work was to assess the effect of successive selection cycles on leaf plasticity of 'Saracura' maize BRS-4154 under periodical flooding in field conditions. Soil flooding started at the six-leaf stage with the application of a 20-cm depth water layer three times a week. At flowering, samples of leaves were collected and fixed. Paradermic and transverse sections were observed under photonic microscope. Several changes were observed throughout the selection cycles, such as modifications in the number and size of the stomata, higher amount of vascular bundles and the resulting decrease of the distance between them, smaller diameter of the metaxylem, decrease of cuticle and epidermis thickness, decrease of number and size of bulliform cells, increase of phloem thickness, smaller sclerenchyma area. Therefore, the successive selection cycles of 'Saracura' maize resulted in changes in the leaf anatomy, which might be favorable to the plant's tolerance to the intermittent flooding of the soil.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de sucessivos ciclos de seleção na plasticidade foliar do milho 'Saracura' BRS-4154 sob alagamento intermitente do solo em condições de campo. O alagamento do solo iniciou-se no estádio de seis folhas com a aplicação de uma lâmina de 20 cm de água três vezes por semana. No florescimento, foram coletadas e fixadas amostras das folhas. Secções paradérmicas e transversais de amostras foram observadas em microscópio fotônico. Várias modificações foram observadas durante os ciclos de seleção, como o número e o tamanho dos estômatos, a maior quantidade de feixes vasculares e a consequente diminuição da distância entre eles, o metaxilema com diâmetros menores, a diminuição da espessura da cutícula e da epiderme, a diminuição no número e tamanho das células buliformes, o aumento da espessura do floema e a menor área de esclerênquima. Os sucessivos ciclos de seleção do milho 'Saracura', portanto, levaram a mudanças na anatomia foliar, as quais podem ser favoráveis à tolerância da planta ao alagamento intermitente do solo.

Avaliou-se a variação da resposta secundária ao estresse causado por hipóxia durante 18 dias, em sistema de recirculação, em uma linhagem de tilápia nilótica (Oreochromis niloticus), chitralada, refletida no perfil proteico eletroforético do peixe e avaliou-se a diferença entre sexos para essa resposta. Foram utilizados 126 peixes, sendo 60 machos e 66 fêmeas, ambos com média de peso de 800g. O estresse crônico por hipóxia alterou (PThis study evaluated the secundary response variation to hypoxia stress in a strain of chitralada nilotic tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) during 18 days, in a recirculation system. The effects were measured by the proteic electrophoretic profile and the difference between the genders. One hundred twenty-six fish were used, 60 males and 66 females, both averaging 800g. The chronic hypoxia stress altered (P

Ionic contents (Na+, K+ and Cl-) of plasma and gallbladder bile (GB) of juveniles silver catfish, Rhamdia quelen (156.1±0.2g, 28.2±0.3cm), were determined in three different times (0, 6 and 24h) after exposure to: a) control or high dissolved oxygen (DO = 6.5mg L-1) + low NH3 (0.03mg L-1); b) low DO (3.5mg L-1) + low NH3; c) high DO + high NH3 (0.1mg L-1); and d) low DO + high NH3. High waterborne NH3 or low DO levels increased plasma and GB ion levels. These parameters might have followed different mechanisms to affect osmoregulation since a synergic effect of these variables was detected.O conteúdo iônico (Na+, K+ e Cl-) do plasma e da bile vesicular (BV) de juvenis de jundiá, Rhamdia quelen (156,1±0,2g, 28,2±0,3cm), foi determinado em três diferentes tempos (0, 6 e 24h) após exposi��ão a: a) controle ou alto oxigênio dissolvido (OD = 6,5mg L-1) + baixa NH3 (0,03mg L-1); b) baixo OD (3,5mg L-1) + baixa NH3; c) alto OD + alta NH3 (0,1mg L-1); e baixo OD + alta NH3 . Alta concentração de amônia ou baixo oxigênio dissolvido na água aumentaram os níveis iônicos no plasma e na BV. Aparentemente, os efeitos osmorregulatórios desses parâmetros podem estar relacionados a mecanismos distintos, pois foi detectado efeito sinérgico sobre essa alteração osmorregulatória.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar as modificações nas características anatômicas radiculares relacionadas à hipoxia, durante 18 ciclos de seleção da variedade de milho (Zea mays) BRS 4154 Saracura, adaptada a áreas sujeitas a alagamento. A variedade BR 107 e o híbrido simples BRS 1010, suscetíveis ao alagamento, foram utilizados como controle. As diferentes cultivares foram submetidas a alagamentos intermitentes, a cada dois dias, durante dois meses. As amostras radiculares foram preparadas e analisadas em microscopiaóptica. Em relação ao grupo controle e aos ciclos anteriores de seleção, a BRS 4154 teve aumento na formação de aerênquima, diminuição do córtex, diminuição do diâmetro dos vasos, diminuição da camada subepidérmica, aumento na espessura do floema e epiderme. Os sucessivos ciclos de seleção melhoraram as características do milho 'Saracura' e sua tolerância a ambientes alagados.This work aimed to verify the modifications in the root anatomical characteristics related to hypoxia, along 18 selection cycles of the maize (Zea mays) cultivar BRS 4154 Saracura, adapted to areas subject to flooding. Cultivars not tolerant to fooding, BR 107 and the simple hybrid BRS 1010, were used as controls. The different cultivars were subjected to intermittent soil waterlogging every two days for two months. The root samples were prepared and analyzed through light microscopy. Compared to the controls group and to early selection cycles, BRS 4154 had increased development of aerenchyma, decreased cortex thickness, decreased metaxylem diameter, decreased subepidermal layer, and increased epidermis and phloem thickness. The successive selection cycles improved 'Saracura' maize characteristics and its tolerance to flooding environments.

The germination process depends on several factors, standing out the moisture percentage in the seed. During a period of soaking, the lack of oxygen can change from the aerobic respiratory pathway to the anaerobic. If the process follows to the fermentation route, the germination capacity will be compromised. This study aimed to evaluate the effect on the initial development of bean seedlings in different water submersion periods. Two cultivars were used, Soberano and FTS41. Both belong to the Black group, and the following parameters were evaluated: initial seed moisture content, moisture content after different soaking periods (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 24 hours), emergence speed index (ESI), seedling height, final emergence and dry matter weight of the aerial part of seedlings (in the greenhouse). The experimental design was completely randomized with four replicates per treatment , later evaluated by F test and regression analysis. The results showed that seeds of the cultivar FTS 41 suffered soaking faster than the cultivar Soberano; from 4 hours of soaking it hindered the performance of seedlings of the cultivar Soberano, however, for differentiation of bean plots the indicated period of submersion of the seed shall be 8 hours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The literature suggests that stress the environment coupled with the stress of exercise produces psychological and physiological changes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the association between the acute effect of moderate physical exercise performed in conditions of simulated attitude about the mood, oxyhemoglobin saturation and blood pressure in healthy young adults. Ten volunteers performed 45 min exercise and have gone through two conditions: Condition normoxic (CN) and Condition hypoxia (CH). In both conditions they responded to two instruments that assess the responses of humor, the Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS) and the Scale of Subjective Experience in Exercise (SEES), as well as evaluating the oxyhemoglobin saturation and blood pressure. These procedures were performed before, immediately after, 30 min and 60 min after the protocol. After physical exercise in hypoxia condition, the volunteers had higher scores Fatigue, Mental Confusion, DTH, Anger, Psychological distress and lower levels of force and Wellness Positive accompanied by a decrease in oxyhemoglobin saturation. Moderate physical exercise performed at a simulated altitude of 4500m promotes changes in mood and increased systolic blood pressure in healthy young adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The equine placenta is the organ where gas and nutrients are exchanged between the mare and the fetus and, as such presents two main functions: protection and regulation of the fetal environment. Maternal or placental disorders can lead to fetal or neonatal impairment, fetal death, development of abnormalities, dystocia, or to the delivery of premature or dysmature foals. The aim of this work is to report the placental findings, the clinical evaluation and the therapeutic measures adopted during the clinical monitoring of a foal birth from a mare with placentitis. Case: The patient is a Thoroughbred mare, 18 years-old, from a farm in the south region of Brazil. The mare was submitted to colic surgery 90 days prior to delivery. The gestational length was 365 days and the mare did not present any symptoms of placentitis during pregnancy. At delivery both the amniotic fluid and the foal showed meconium staining, suggesting passage of intrauterine meconium. The time lapsed from birth to the observation of postural and behavioral reflexes was: eight min to the adoption of sternal recumbency; 35 min to begin sucking reflexes, and 110 min to stand. After the observation of the sucking reflexes, the foal received 250 mL of colostrum with a bottle. The foal weight at birth was 50 kg. Yellow/brownish stains covering on the allantoic surface to its full extent were identified during the macroscopic evaluation of the placenta in addition to laceration areas in the region corresponding to the uterine bifurcation. The thickening of the amnion was observed, with marked edema. Placentitis was confirmed post-foaling through histologic evaluation. The foal was submitted to clinical evaluation and hematological and biochemical analyzes at birth (0 h) and at 6, 12, and 24 h of life. Allopurinol (40 mg/kg) was administered after 6 h of birth, with the aim of avoiding the development of clinical signs due to birth hypoxia. Signs of sepsis and respiratory involvement have not been identified. A splint support was used due to the identification of a bilateral laxity of the flexor tendon group with hyperextension of the metacarpophalangeal joint. The foal was kept in movement restriction for approximately one month. Two months after the foal's release to the pasture, ruptures in both sesamoid ligaments was identified by radiological examination. This foal was not destined for training and was kept for breeding. Discussion: The foal was diagnosed with dysmaturity based on the observations of flexural deformities, delayed neuromuscular reflexes and behavioral signs, intrauterine meconium passage and hematological and biochemical findings. The histopathological evaluation of the placenta was useful for the identification of the placental impairment that was not observed during pregnancy. The use of neuroprotective and antioxidant medications such as Allopurinol may prevent the development of clinical signs due to birth hypoxia. Factors such as postnatal growth and the prognosis for the growth potential are not easy to predict. Despite the unfavorable prognosis for competition, the foal's lesions were not incompatible with the animal's life, that was maintained for breeding given its high livestock value. Based on the above one can conclude that the delivery monitoring and the follow-up of the foal allows an early diagnosis of dysmaturity and the determination of absence of sepsis, guiding the therapeutic approach and management measures that can lead to the survival of the foal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La clasificación de los infartos cerebrales, desde el punto de vista de las imágenes diagnósticas, se basa fundamentalmente en la localización, tamaño y forma en que se evidencia el daño parenquimatoso en los estudios de Resonancia Magnética (RM) o de Tomografía Axial Computadorizada (TAC) (1,2). Con los mencionados exámenes se pueden diferenciar infartos territoriales de infartos limítrofes, lo cual tiene implicaciones pronósticas y de tratamiento, pues las lesiones en áreas limítrofes implican un compromiso más severo de la hemodinámica global del paciente (3) y se asocian frecuentemente a lesiones significativas de vasos intra o extracraneanos o enfermedad sistémica.

En general, el entrenamiento de fuerza tiene un potente efecto para incrementar el tamaño y la fuerza del músculo esquelético (Kraeme, Fleck & Evans, 1995). El uso de un estímulo de hipoxia durante el entrenamiento comenzó a desarrollarse a través de técnicas de restricción del flujo sanguíneo (Takarada et al., 2000). Un estímulo similar lo podemos llevar a cabo mediante el uso de cámaras de hipoxia y a través de sistemas de entrenamiento intermitente (Lundby, Calbet, Robach, 2009). La adicción de este estímulo hipóxico al entrenamiento podría incrementar la hipertrofia muscular y la ganancia de fuerza.Objetivo: Analizar los efectos de un entrenamiento de fuerza del tren superior en condiciones de hipoxia sobre el número de repeticiones y la velocidad del movimiento.

Introducción: existe poca información sobre la relación entre tamaño al nacer y altura geográfica ajustada para factores maternos y obstétricos potencialmente confusores. Objetivo: analizar la variación, en función de la altitud geográfica, del Peso al Nacimiento (PN) y resultados perinatales adversos, en dos poblaciones argentinas. Material y Métodos: 4000 registros de recién nacidos (RN) de Jujuy y 4000 de Buenos Aires (Maternidad Sardá) (1996-2000), seleccionados y aleatorizados del Sistema Informático Perinatal. Los datos provenían de la Maternidad Sarda (20 msnm) y las regiones jujeñas: Ramal (500 msnm), Valle (1200 msnm), Quebrada (2500 msnm) y Puna (3500 msnm). Variables resultado: PN >3000 g, PN 3000 g, PN