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The study aimed to identify phytoremediation plant species in soils contaminated with tebuthiuron, by evaluating the development of bioindicator species, as well as quantifying their dissipation in the soil. Ten plant species with potential for tebuthiuron phytoremediation were evaluated in the presence and absence of this herbicide. The study was carried out in a greenhouse, in a completely randomized design, in a 10 x 2 factorial scheme. The levels of herbicides present in the soil were quantified using HPLC-UV. The physiological and biometric parameters of phytoremediation and bioindicator species were determined at 15, 30, 45 and 60 days after sowing. Mucuna aterrina showed the best potential for phytoremediation of tebuthiuron, evidenced by the good development of the bioindicator species and due to the lower oscillation in the physiological and biometric parameters of the species, in addition, it provided a reduction of 86.5% in the concentration of tebuthiuron in the soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The cultivation of soybean in high places stimulates the growth of vegetative structures and decreases reproduction ones. The use of growth regulators favors the effectiveness of reproduction structures. Current research evaluates morphometric variables and yield components of soybean by the growth regulator chlormequat chloride. Experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in Lages SC Brazil during the 2018-2019 harvest. Experimental design comprised randomized blocks with five replications, factorial scheme 2 x 5 x 3: a) two soybean cultivars, b) five doses of chlormequat chloride (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 g i.a. ha-1), c) three applications of regulator (V9, R1 and R3). Results showed that applications of stage V9 at doses 75 and 100 g i.a. ha-1 had a greater effect on the decrease of plant height, decrease of length of internodes, without any effect on the number of nodes and pods per plant. It also increases the diameter of the main stem. Consequently, applications of these stages may control excess of vegetative growth and prevent other issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this researchwas to evaluate the effects of different irrigation frequencies on the development of açaizeiro seedlings in the municipality of Capitão Poço - PA. The experiment were conducted in a greenhouse of the Federal Rural University of the Amazon (UFRA), Campus Capitão Poço - Pará, under a completely randomized design (DIC), with 5 replicates and 6 water treatments: F1 - irrigation frequency of 12 hours in 12 hours, F2 - irrigation frequency every 24 hours, F3 - irrigation frequency 36 in 36 hours, F4 - irrigation frequency 48 in 48 hours, F5 - irrigation frequency every 60 hours and F6- irrigation frequency every 72 hours. Each experimental unit was composed of two plants, making 60 plants. The experiment was conducted for 5 months, from July 27 to December 27, 2016. The variables: plant height, stem diameter and number of leaves did not present statistical difference for the different irrigation frequencies during the evaluation periods, as well as the parameters of fresh and dry biomass for the several organs of the plants. Thus, under the conditions in which the experiment was carried out, as the irrigation frequencies did not influence the development of açai seedlings of the cultivar BRS Pará. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Production is quality seedlings, for any crop, is critical to the success of production. In this sense, the objective of this study was to evaluate the development of tomato seedlings, Santa Cruz variety, in different types of substrates. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, FAFRAM campus, in the municipality of Ituverava, SP, from December 2017 to January 2018. The design was completely randomized (DIC), with five treatments, with TN Gold commercial substratum, being therefore the following treatments: Substrate + bovine manure; substrate + sand; substrate + washed sand + bovine manure;soil of ravine and control (substrate only) and 40 replicates per treatment. The evaluated characteristics were number of leaves, shoot length, root length, stem diameter and emergence of seedlings. The averages were compared by the TUKEY test, 5% probability by the ESTAT software. The substrate treatment + washed sand + bovine manure presented the best results in all the characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista IRRIGA - Brazilian Journal of Irrigation & Drainage is the property of Revista IRRIGA (Brazilian Journal of Irrigation & Drainage) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Current research monitors the influence of different types of protected cultivation environment on the production and quality of papaya. Three types of contiguous protection structures were constructed, or treatments: (i) greenhouse, (ii) shaded greenhouse and (iii) screened environment, close to (iv) a natural environment in the open air. Fruits were harvested in each environment every month, during one year. Evaluated features comprises the severity of the physiological spot of the papaya tree (FSP), smallpox and soluble solid rates. Length, caliber and thickness of the pulp were measured at each season of the year. Variance analysis comprised four blocks per treatment (cultivation environment), coupled to joint analysis of experiments. Results showed that in protected environments, especially in those covered with plastic, more fruits, less affected by disease (smallpox and FSP), were produced. When protected environments were compared to those within the natural environment, there was a decrease in smallpox at 60.4%, 57.4% and 37.9%, respectively, for greenhouse, shaded greenhouse and screen environment. Levels of luminosities and average temperatures at the reported ranges, respectively, between 622 and 1857 mmoles.cm-2 .s-1 and limits between 19.2 and 34.8ºC have a strong positive correlation with the severity of FSP and smallpox. Larger shading affects length, caliber and thickness of pulp, whilst fruits with thicker pulps are produced in winter and spring. Fruits produced in greenhouses and during the summer are more rounded and fruits produced in greenhouse have higher levels of total soluble solids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this work was to quantify the area and the rate of expansion of helminthporiosis injury in different corn hybrids. The plants were grown in a greenhouse, using the hybrids Pioneer (30F53, P1630H, P2530), Monsanto (AG 8045, AG 9045), Dow AgroSciences (2A550, 2A106 and 2B587) and Syngenta (SYN7205 VIPTERA, SW 3949 TL), the experimental design was randomized blocks with three replications. Plants were inoculated with a 20x103 conidia / mL suspension by depositing 0.5 mL of the inoculum into the V4 stage plant cartridge. From the appearance of the lesions, 7 days after inoculation, the lesions were identified with a permanent marker, the lesions were measured in size, with the aid of a two- or three-day digital caliper, a total of five assessments. As the lesions are not rectangular, a correction factor (0.76) obtained by comparing the actual area of the lesion with the width and length measurements was used. Corn hybrids differ in lesion expansion rate. The hybrids 2A550, AG9045, P2530 and AG8025 showed the lowest rate of injury expansion, and may be an alternative for the rural producer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work, the objective is to evaluate or reduce the mini-cuttings of Croton urucurana Baill., Made from different positions of the plant branch and different recipients. As the used mini-cuttings were collected from mini-stumps, originating from the propagation of seminars. The procedures were organized in a 2 x 3 factorial scheme, with two types of containers (55 cm³ and 110 cm³) and three types of minicuttings in relation to the position in the plant branch (apical, semi-woody and woody). The design used was randomized blocks, with 4 replications. The experiment was installed in the greenhouse and after 25 days it was transferred to the shade house, where it remained for 10 days, totaling 35 days. Prohibited when leaving the greenhouse and shade as variables, in percentage: rooting, savings - considering live and unrooted mini-cuttings, budding and leaf maintenance. In both statistics there was a significant interaction for the percentage of leaf maintenance, with the container with variable variables and the type of minicutting in rooting, survival and sprouting being found or with significant effect. As for rooting, in estimated embassies, if the mini-cuttings of apical origin result in better rooting when compared to the woody ones, although they did not differ statistically from the semi-wood ones. In view of the results obtained, we conclude that: mini-cuttings made from apical and semi-wood parts of the branch of the optimized matrix plant or rooting; 55 cm³ or 110 cm³ containers can be used for vegetative propagation of Croton urucurana by mini-cutting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of hydroponic systems by family farmers in the Paraiba semiarid region allows a continuous production of vegetables due to the water limitations typical of this region. However, the difficult access and the high cost of mineral fertilizers is a limiting factor of this practice. In this sense, the objective was to evaluate the potential of the use of bovine anaerobic biofertilizer in the substitution of mineral fertilizers, in the cultivation of lettuce group cv. Cristina. The work was conducted in a greenhouse, installed at the Federal Institute of Paraíba, Campus Sousa. Four doses plus mineral fertilizers were evaluated: Bio + 0%; Bio + 25%; Bio + 50%, Bio + 75%, with four repetitions, in randomized blocks. Leaf dry mass and total mass, total number of leaves, leaf area and yield were evaluated. The reduction of the mineral fertilizer doses compromised the growth and consequently the lettuce production, where the maximum production of the commercial part was 43.0 g plant-1, being obtained with the treatment of 75% of the combination of the most mineral fertilizer doses. Biofertilizer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mechanization in coffee culture in Brazil is crucial for the optimization of production. However, growing demands of international markets for a low carbon productive chain trigger debates on producers with regard to hothouse gas emissions (GEE) due to their activities. Current study estimates the emission of CO2 equivalent (CO2 eq) per hectare in the main mechanized operations of coffee culture in the south of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. CO2 equivalent was estimated by a case study and employed parameters of GEE emission by methodology of GHG Protocol Agriculture. Results show that in coffee planting within convention modes, activities such as plowing, application of organic matter and burrowing contribute towards 73.92% of estimated emission of CO2 equivalent ha-1 during this stage, totaling 178.61 kg CO2 eq ha-1. In cultural treatments, operations in mechanized harvesting proved to be the greatest GEE emission sources, estimated at 123.81 kg CO2 eq ha-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One great issue in agriculture and livestock worldwide is production under climatic changes that affect the environment, especially the generation of hothouse gases. An exploratory study on the situation and adaptation of vegetal production to climate changes, on the degradation of human health will be developed and options for the mitigation of emissions caused by agricultural activities and opportunities associated with it will be identified. Climate changes will affect vegetal production and influence the adaptation of several cultures, negatively, in the case of coffee shrubs with a 40% loss, and, positively, as in the sugarcane. Further research work is required for different managements and treatments within the context of plantations and animal breeding. The environment should be sustainable and production should be of quality. It is highly important to introduce the environmental stance within agricultural activities for the decrease of impacts on the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Applied Technology for Agricultural Science / Revista Brasileira de Tecnologia Aplicada nas Ciências Agrárias is the property of Brazilian Journal of Applied Technology for Agricultural Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The capitalist relations in the countryside are generate territories with distinct and contradictory logics, thus the agricultural production in these territories enable us to differentiate them and relate them to social questions in the countryside. In this perspective, we use the Dialectical Historical Materialism for the construction of this research having as a cut the state of Maranhão and the aid of data from IBGE and CPT. With this, we discuss the production of crops, products of plant extraction and forestry, and relate to violence, understanding that the expansion of maranhense agribusiness is one of the main responsible for the increase of violence against peasants and rural workers. Finally, we consider the maintenance of the land structure as the main factor of this spatial configuration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After the 2000s, the agricultural cooperatives of the South Region of Brazil presented a new cycle of expansion, with an increase in the number of associates, employees, production, territories and revenues. The geoeconomic growth of cooperativism occurred in all the southern states, however, with greater intensity in the institutions of Paraná and Santa Catarina, which became the most dynamic center of regional and national cooperativism. The objective of this article is to verify the geoeconomic expansion of agricultural cooperatives in Southern Brazil after 2000, analyzing the particularities of their recent evolution in each of the southern states. The methodology was based on the bibliographical survey and the treatment and analysis of statistical data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Agricultura Irrigada - RBAI is the property of Revista Brasileira de Agricultura Irrigada - RBAI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Brazilian agricultural productive process has increasingly become more dependent of agrotoxic use. In 2009, Brazil reached the spot of world's largest consumer of such products. The present research intends to investigate the perception of students from senior year of a rural high school placed on the Lerrovile district, city of Londrina-PR, upon the use of agrotoxic on food production and social-environmental issues caused due to it, as well as alternatives on the production of healthier food. On the execution of this paper, two work fronts were taken: on office and on field. Preliminarily, bibliographic survey, documental and electronic research, reading and selection of literature that characterize technified agriculture on one side, and agrotoxic consumption, on the other; organizing a set of questions and applying previously planned and scheduled interviews for data gathering through the development of a focal group. Therefore, although this research has approached economic and politic aspects intrinsic to agriculture modernization, it also addressed the recognition and the appreciation of cultural processes present on rural agricultural production experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Com o objetivo de avaliar doses de composto orgânico e ambiente protegido na formação de mudas de mamoeiro, foi conduzido um experimento no período de setembro a dezembro de 2007. Utilizaram-se seis ambientes protegidos: estufa plástica com pé-direito de 2,5 m; viveiro telado com Sombrite® 50%, com pé-direito de 2,5m; viveiro telado de tela termorrefletora Aluminet® 50%, com pé-direito de 2,5m; viveiro coberto com palha de coqueiro, com pé-direito de 1,8 m; estufa plástica com pé-direito de 4,0 m, possuindo abertura zenital e tela termorrefletora 50% sob o plástico e viveiro telado de tela de sombreamento 50%, com pé-direito de 3,5 m. Foram utilizados cinco substratos com doses de 0; 7; 14; 21 e 28% de composto orgânico Organosuper® (oriundos de resíduos de frigoríficos, bagaço de cana, frutas, legumes, cereais, entre outros) misturado ao solo. Utilizou-se o delineamento em parcelas subdivididas, com dez repetições. Na estufa com pé-direito de 2,5 m, ocorreram os maiores acúmulos de biomassa seca no mamoeiro com os substratos com 0, 7 e 14% de Organosuper®; na estufa com pé-direito de 4,0 m, abertura zenital e tela termorrefletora sob o filme, ocorreram as maiores plantas, com maior número de folhas para os substratos com 7 e 14% de Organosuper®; aos 50 dias após a semeadura, os substratos com 7; 14 e 21 % propiciaram mudas maiores, maior número de folhas e biomassas frescas e secas; o substrato com percentagem de composto orgânico acima de 21% mostrou-se inadequado para o desenvolvimento das mudas do mamoeiro.The objective of this research was to evaluate contents of organic compounds and protected environment in the formation of papaya seedling. The experiment was carried out in 2007 from September to December. The environments were: plastic greenhouse with height of 2.5m; nursery with height of 2.5m covered by shade net with black monofilament of 50% shading rate; nursery with height of 2.5m covered by Aluminum shading screen with shading rate of 50%; nursery with height of 1.8m covered by straw of native coconut; plastic greenhouse with height of 4.0m covered by zenith opened and thermal shade net under the roof, and nursery with height of 3.5m covered by shade net with black monofilament of 50% shading rate. Five commercial organic compound named ORGANOSUPER® (made of residues of cold storage room, sugar cane bagass, fruits, vegetables, and cereals) contents of 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28%, mixed with soil. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized split-plot scheme, with ten replications. In the greenhouse with height of 2.5 m there were the highest accumulation of dry biomass in papaya with substrates containing 0, 7 and 14% Organosuper®; the greenhouse with height of 4.0 m, and zenith opening, screen under thermo-reflective film, showed the largest plants, with larger leaves for substrates with 7 and 14% Organosuper®; 50 days after sowing the substrates 7, 14 and 21% favored the development of plants, higher number leaves and fresh and dry biomass. The substrates with over 21% and without organic compound were improper for development of the papaya seedling.

A irrigação é uma prática que, além de aumentar a produtividade, pode proporcionar a obtenção de um produto com melhor qualidade. O cultivo do maracujazeiro em ambiente protegido não é uma atividade comum, sendo necessária a pesquisa sob esta condição, especialmente sobre a irrigação. Este trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito das diferentes tensões de água no solo sobre o comportamento da cultura em ambiente protegido e natural, na região de Lavras - MG. O experimento foi instalado em ambiente protegido e natural na área experimental da Engenharia -UFLA, com delineamento em blocos casualizados e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de quatro tensões de água no solo, preestabelecidas em 15; 30; 45 e 60 kPa, à profundidade de 0,20 m. Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que: a irrigação do maracujazeiro, sob tensões de até 60 kPa, tanto em ambiente protegido quanto em condições naturais de cultivo, não afetou, significativamente, a produções total, comercial e não comercial; o cultivo em ambiente protegido promoveu crescimento mais rápido das plantas (altura e diâmetro do caule) e, também, a antecipação da colheita em relação ao ambiente natural; a irrigação poderá ser realizada para tensão de água no solo de 60 kPa em ambiente protegido e natural sem comprometer a produtividade da cultura; a tensão de água no solo afetou o crescimento das plantas, entretanto não afetou o diâmetro do caule.Irrigation is a practice that can offer the possibility of a product with a better quality, and increase the productivity. The cultivation of passion fruit in greenhouse is not a common activity so it is necessary to research this condition, especially irrigation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different soil water tensions on the culture behavior in greenhouses and natural condition in the region of Lavras - Minas Gerais - Brazil. The experiment was conducted at the experimental area of the UFLA-Engineering Department in a randomized block design with four replications. Four soil water tensions were previously established, which consisted of treatments: 15, 30, 45 and 60 kPa, in a 0.20 m deep. It was concluded by the results obtained that: irrigation of passion fruit, under tensions of up to 60 kPa, both in greenhouse at in natural conditions of cultivation, did not affect the total, commercial and noncommercial productions; cultivation in greenhouses promoted a faster growth of the plants (height and stem diameter), and also anticipated the harvest when compared to the natural conditions; the irrigation can be performed for water tension of 60 kPa in soil, in greenhouses and natural conditions without compromising the crop productivity; the tension of water in the soil affects plant growth, however, did not affect the stem diameter.

Realizaram-se experimentos na Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola na Universidade Estadual de Campinas, utilizando quatro cultivares de morangueiro [Fragaria x ananassa (Weston) Duchesne ex Rozier], quatro sistemas de produção hidropônica (canal de 100mm, canal de 150mm, canal de 150mm, com vaso contendo fibra de coco e tubo vertical contendo casca de arroz carbonizada) e três ambientes protegidos (casa-de-vegetação sem resfriamento evaporativo do ar e sem injeção aérea de CO2, casa-de-vegetação com injeção aérea de CO2 e sem resfriamento evaporativo do ar e casa-de-vegetação com injeção aérea de CO2 e resfriamento evaporativo do ar). Foram avaliados os parâmetros foliares massa fresca foliar (MFF) e massa seca foliar (MSF) em gramas e área foliar (AF) em mm², correlacionando à biomassa da planta. O melhor sistema foi o de canais de 150mm com vaso contendo fibra de coco. O melhor ambiente foi o de resfriamento evaporativo do ar e injeção aérea de CO2.Analyses were made in the experimental field of the Agricultural Engineering College at State University of Campinas (Unicamp). Four varieties of strawberry [Fragaria x ananassa (Weston) Duchesne ex Rozier] were tested in four hydroponics production systems (100mm and 150mm channels and 150mm channel with a vase containing coconut fiber and a vertical pipe containing carbonized rice rusk). Three greenhouses were tested: i) a greenhouse without air evaporative cooling nor CO2 aerial injection, ii) a greenhouse with CO2 aerial injection and without air evaporative cooling and iii) a greenhouse with CO2 aerial injection and air evaporative cooling. It was analyzed the leaf fresh (MFF) and dry mass in gram (MSF) and the leaf area in mm² (AF). The best hydroponics system was 150mm channel with a vase containing coconut fiber. The best environment condition was the one with air evaporative cooling and aerial injection of CO2.

Realizaram-se experimentos na Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola na Universidade Estadual de Campinas, com quatro variedades de morangueiro (Campinas, Seascape, Sweet Charlie e Tudla), em quatro sistemas de produção hidropônica (canal de 100mm, canal de 150mm, canal de 150mm com vaso contendo fibra de coco e tubo vertical contendo casca de arroz carbonizada), em três ambientes protegidos com níveis tecnológicos diferenciados (casa de vegetação sem resfriamento evaporativo do ar e sem injeção aérea de CO2, casa de vegetação com injeção aérea de CO2 e sem resfriamento evaporativo do ar, e casa de vegetação com injeção aérea de CO2 e resfriamento evaporativo do ar). Foram analisadas as produtividades em gramas por planta (P) e o número de frutos por planta (NF). Destacou-se como melhor variedade a Campinas. O melhor sistema de cultivo foi o de canais de 150mm com vaso contendo fibra de coco.Experiments were accomplished in the experimental field of the Faculty of Agricultural Engineering at State University of Campinas (Unicamp). Four varieties of strawberry were tested (Campinas, Seascape, Sweet Charlie and Tudla) in four hydroponics production systems (100mm and 150mm channels and 150mm channel with a vase containing coconut fiber and a vertical pipe containing carbonized rice skin) in three greenhouses with different technical: i) greenhouse without air evaporative cooling nor CO2 aerial injection, ii) greenhouse with CO2 aerial injection and without air evaporative cooling and iii) greenhouse with CO2 aerial injection and air evaporative cooling. The productivity in grams per plant (P) and the number of fruits per plant (NF) were analyzed. The variety Campinas was better than the others. The best hydroponics system was the 150mm channel with a vase containing coconut fiber.

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Agricultura Irrigada - RBAI is the property of Revista Brasileira de Agricultura Irrigada - RBAI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental - Agriambi is the property of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental - Agriambi is the property of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the production of citrus seedling, the knowledge of rootstock substrate and container is essential to define the entire substantial period to produce quality seedling. The objective of this research was to evaluate seedling emergence and vegetative development of six citrus rootstocks grown on two substrates and kept in different containers at the stage of sowing irrigated by capillarity. Two commercial substrates were tested and seeding was performed in three containers: stiff plastic tubes with 50cm3, stiff plastic tubes with 120cm3 and polystyrene trays containing 72 cells with a volume of 120cm3. The six rootstocks citrus evaluated were: Trifoliata [Poncirus trifoliata [L.] Raf.]; Flying Dragon [Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. var. monstrosa]; Volkameriano lemon (Citrus volkameriana Pasq.), Fepagro C37 citrange [P. trifoliata x Citrus sinensis [L.] Osbeck.], Sunki tangerine (C. sunki hort. ex Tan.) and Swingle citrumelo (P. trifoliata x C. paradisi). The emergence, height and diameter of plants in the greenhouse were evaluated. Fresh weight, root and shoot dry weight, leaf number, leaf area per plant and leaf area per leaf were evaluated in the laboratory. In the evaluations of emergence of seedlings, the Sunki tangerine, Volkameriano lemon and Swingle citrumelo had higher rates compared to Trifoliata, Fepagro C37 citrange and Flying Dragon. When the system in a floating irrigation system, commercial substrate 1 is recommended for all containers. The commercial substrate 2 should be only used in alveolate trays of 120cm3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of water deficit on the development of fava bean in greenhouse. The experiment was conducted in pots in a greenhouse covered with low density polyethylene 15 mm thick, in the experimental area of Teresina Agricultural College of the Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Teresina-PI, Brazil. The experimental design was completely randomized and the treatments consisted of the combination of induced water stress 50% of the evapotranspiration of fava beans, which are: water stress at vegetative stage I; drought stress at vegetative stage II water stress on reproductive phase III water stress during the reproductive phase IV, water stress in vegetative stages I and II water stress in vegetative and reproductive phases II, III and IV; drought stress during the reproductive III and IV, water stress on vegetative and reproductive stages I, II and III water stress on vegetative and reproductive stages I, II, III and IV treatment without water stress. It was evaluated leaf area index, chlorophyll content and abortion of flowers and pods. The drought has affected development, reducing the leaf area index, chlorophyll content, and increasing the abortion of flowers and pods. The fava bean was more sensitive to water stress when it came in more than one phase of development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to determine the period the seedlings of Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden in a greenhouse using morphological parameters of height, stem diameter and total dry biomass and considering the current average daily increments. The experiment was conducted in that experimental design of blocks complete with split plots. The criterion were defined based on growth curves and curves intercept between current increasing daily and daily average increase. The volume of substrate exploitable by the root system and the density of seedlings per tray influenced growth, noting that with larger seedlings are obtained in larger containers. The period the seedlings in the nursery ranges 110-150 days, depending on the treatment used. The technical criterion used to intercept between the curves of daily current increase and daily average increase is helpful in decision making, with a view to evaluate the standard of quality seedlings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The competition is a negative interference in which individuals compete for environmental resources. The objective was to evaluate the competitiveness of goosegrass with soybean. The experiment was conducted in green-house conditions, in a completely randomized design with four replications. The treatments were five proportions of crop and weed, respectively, 8:0, 6:2, 4:4, 2:6 and 0:8, which corresponded to 100, 75, 50, 25 and 0% of plants soybean and opposite to the goosegrass, which constant population of eight plants per pot (8L), corresponding to approximately 250 plants m-2. The competitiveness analysis was accomplished through diagrams applied to replacement series experiments and competivity index. Soybean showed competitiveness superior to goosegrass for the variables of dry matter, when both were in similar proportions of plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the work was to evaluate the effect of Alternaria alternata and A. dauci association in the quality of cilantro seeds inoculated under two methods: conidial suspension and hidric restriction. For the inoculation with suspension, was prepared a solution containing 106 conidia mL-1 of A. alternata, A. dauci and both species (A. alternata + A. dauci), in which the seeds remained for 30 minutes. For inoculation by hidric restriction, was prepared PDA medium, supplemented with 33.10 g L-1 of manitol, which grew in the colonies of A. alternata, A. dauci and A. alternata + A. dauci. The seeds were kept in the plates for 48 h. After the inoculation, the seeds quality was evaluated by laboratory and greenhouse tests. Alternaria alternata and A. dauci influence negatively the seed quality and seedling development and the two methods of inoculation were effective in contamination of coriander seed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The organic fertilizer can be a viable alternative in the production of forage grasses, however there is little information regarding doses and composition of the major organic fertilizers. The aim of this paper was to verify the influence of the different doses of organic compost producedfrom two types ofpoultry litter on the structural, morphogenetic and productive characteristics of Brachiaria brizantha cv 'Piatã'. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in a completely randomized design in a factorial scheme I with parcel subdivided in time. The parcels were composed by six treatments: two types of compost (poultry litter based in sugar cane and napier grass) in three doses (100, 200 and 300kg ha-1 equivalent N.) and the subparcels by the four different periods of cut. The composts were applied in a unique dose, after the uniformization cut, at the quantities: 11,36 and 11,83, 22,73 and 23,67, 34,09 and 35,50 g pot-1 for the poultry litter based in sugar cane and napier grass, respectively which are equivalent to the rates of 0, 100, 200 and 300kg ha-1 of N. The variables measured were: dry matter production (DMP), leaf appearance rate (LApR), phyllochron, leaf elongation dose (LER) and shoots elongation rate (SER), number of green leaves (NGL), final size of the leaf (FSL). No significant difference between the types of composts and in the interaction compost x doses was observed, thus, both could be used without the risk of loss in the use of the nutrients by the plants evaluated in the experiment. There was a significant difference between the DMP, LApR, phyllochron, LER, SER, NGL and FSL because of the increasing rates of nitrogen, followed by a linear model ofprediction. The effect of the periods of slaughter was also observed, where the slaughters carried out in the summer presented a better performance over the morphogenetic and structural features evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental - Agriambi is the property of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Ceres is the property of Revista Ceres and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The organic fertilizer is considered a viable alternative for the production of forage grasses. However there is little information about the rates and composition of the organic fertilizers. According to this assumption the objective of this study was to figure out the best dose of effluent from poultry processing plants in order to improve the structural, morphogenetic and productive characteristics of Piata palidadegrass. The experiment was carried out at a greenhouse and performed in a completely randomized design in which five doses of effluent, 324, 648, 972, 1296 and 1620m3 ha-1 were tested and equivalent to 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250kg ha-1 de N respectively. The measured variables were: dry matter (DM), leaf appearance rate, leaf elongation rate, phyllochron, pseudo stem elongation rate, final leaf length and numbers of green leaves. The production of DM presented a linear prediction model according to the N rates, while the treatment with 250kg ha-1 de N was 55% higher when compared to the treatment with 50kg ha-1 de N. All morphogenetic and structural characteristics that were evaluated presented a positive linear fashion, except the phyllochron. Thus, the effluent from poultry processing plant may be used as an alternative to fertilization of the 'Piata' palisadegrass because this responded by increasing the maximum dose tested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental - Agriambi is the property of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Grasses take direct action in the formation and stabilization of soil aggregates due to the density of roots and the release of organic exudates in soil. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the root system of Brachiaria ruziziensis Germain et Evrard in the formation and stabilization of aggregates of an Oxisol. The experiment was conducted under greenhouse, using soil collected in the upper 0-20cm depth. Loosening the soil was manually and passed through a sieve of 2.00mm mesh size and subsequently separated by diameter classes of aggregates from 2.00-1.00, 1.00-0.50 and 0.50-0.25mm, with the help of specific mesh sieves. The experimental design was completely randomized in factorial 3x2x2x4, corresponding to three diameter classes of aggregates (2.00-1.00, 1.00-0.50 and from 0.50-0.25mm), two conditions crop (with and without grass), two moisture contents (100% and 60% of available water), and four sampling times (90, 180, 270 and 360 days after planting the grass), with four repetitions. The aggregate samples were packed in polyethylene vessels with a capacity of 10kg. The moisture content was balanced through irrigation every two days. Samples were taken every three months, determining the mean diameter of airdried aggregates (DMPAs), the mean weight diameter of stable aggregates in water (DMPAu) and aggregate stability index (IAS = DMPAu/DMPAs). It was found higher values of DMPAu and IAS to treatment with grass, indicating that the root system of Brachiaria ruziziensis favored increased formation and stabilization of soil aggregates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research it was evaluated the potential of the soil seed bank in a remaining of Subtropical Ombrophilous Alluvial Forest (Araucaria Forest), by quali-quantitative analysis of seed germination. Additionally it was tested the occurrence of seasonal variation of the soil seed bank. The forest remaining located in Araucaria county, Parana State, Brazil, and it is influenced by Barigui river, affluent of Iguaçu river. It was used the completely randomized experimental design with ten replications. The soil seed bank was collected in three seasons at depth (of 10 cm plus litter), using a 0.40 m x 0.40 m sample square. The collected samples were placed in wood boxes in greenhouse, during 8 months. It was observed a season average of 5,732 individuals m-2, distributed into 276 species (120 genus, 54 families). A total of 34,780 seeds germinate. The number of seeds did not presented statistical difference among seasons. The floristic composition of the soil seed bank was influenced by anthropized surrounding areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In vitro propagated orchid (Laelia purpurata var. cárnea) were maintained in a growth chamber in a greenhouse and subjected to different spectral intensities and quality of light, using different colored shade-net (blue, red and black). It was observed that the light intensity and spectral quality influenced significantly all the parameters analyzed at 120 days of cultivation. Plants cultivated under blue color shade net at growth chamber and greenhouse presented higher thickening of epidermis on the adaxial face (31.73 and 35.46μm), respectively, and were statistically different when compared with other treatments. It was observed a significant increase in the number of velamen cell layers in plant roots grown in the greenhouse, regardless of the color shade-net used when compared with plants cultivated at growth chamber. It was observed a higher differentiation of tissues (canopy, exodermis, cortex and vascular cylinder) in cross sections plant roots grown in greenhouse under blue shade-net. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming to evaluate the development of seedlings of Schinus terebinthifolius under different irrigation depth, an experiment was installed in a greenhouse. The experimental design used was randomized block consisting of 4 treatments with 3 blocks. The irrigation depths evaluated were 8, 10, 12 and 14 mm daily, respectively T1, T2, T3 and T4. Seedling production was performed in tubes with 280 cm³ filled with pine bark basis substrate and fertilizer. The development of the seedlings, were evaluated by the following characteristics: height of aerial part (APA), diameter at breast height (D),dried mass weight of roots (PMSR), dried mass weight of aerial part (PMSPA), total dried mass (MST) and relation (h/d). The treatment T3 presented the best results in relation to the appraised variables, followed by T2. The Schinus terebenthifolius needs a daily sheet of water of around 10 mm, which is smaller than other pioneer species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The substrate and volumes of recipients are important in the formation of seedlings and must provide adequate conditions for germination and growth of the root system. This work was carried out in a seedling production greenhouse at Universidade Estadual da Paraiba (UEPB), Campus IV, aiming to evaluate the viability of different substrates and recipients in the development of 'Sunrise Solo' papaya tree seedlings. A completely randomized design was used with ten treatments composed by a 5 x 2 factorial scheme, with 5 substrates with soil and bovine manure doses (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% v/v) and two volumes (1 L and 2 L), with three replications totaling thirty experimental units, with one plant per plot. The variables evaluated 63 days after sowing were seedling height (cm), stem diameter (mm), number of leaves per plant, shoot (g), root (g) and total dry matter (g), and root/shoot relation (g g-1). Data showed that the 20% soil and 80% bovine manure mixture cultivated in polyethylene bags with capacity of 2L of substrate induced the highest growth and dry matter production of papaya tree seedlings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revista Caatinga is the property of Revista Caatinga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Caatinga is the property of Revista Caatinga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With the aim of minimizing the difficulties faced by the producers on cultivating the crisphead lettuce (Lactuta sativa L.), specifically those related to the lack of technical information about the quantity of water to be applied, a study was conducted to determine the economic and productive behavior of crisphead lettuce yielding characteristics. The experiment was carried out at the Universidade Federal de Lavras, from October to December 2008 in greenhouse. A randomized block design with five treatments and four repetitions was adopted. The treatments, consisting of the five respective evaporation factors: 0.30, 0.60, 0.90, 1.20 and 1.50 EVm, were done according to an evaporated depth of a reduced pan. The results showed that the maximum total and commercial yield, 65.918 and 35.544 kg ha-1, were estimated by applying depths equivalent to 152.1 and 155 mm, respectively, corresponding to 92 % replacement factor; regarding water factor price (R$ 0.67 mm-1) and crisphead lettuce price (R$ 0.90 kg-1), the economically optimum depth was 154 mm, which resulted in a commercial yield practically equal to the maximum economical efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to evaluate the effect of compaction and moisture in absorption of by greennutrients dwarf coconut plants, an experiment was carried out under greenhouse, in Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ. The experimental design was in randomized block in factorial scheme (2 x 4 x 4), with three repetitions. The treatments were 2 soil classes (Typic Kandiudult and Umbric Dystrochrept), 4 levels of soil compaction and 4 water levels. The soils were differentiated in the nutrient supply, with higher levels of Mg and Cu in plants cultivated in Umbric Dystrochrept and K and Ca in Typic Kandiudult soil. The elevation of soil moisture altered the availability of nitrogen, so plants cultivated in Typic Kandiudult soil presented higher levels of N in leaves under in the highest soil moisture level. In Typic Kandiudult, the compaction affected the Mn and Cl absorption, with higher levels of Mn and smaller of Cl occurring in the plants cultivated with highest levels of compaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Biociencias is the property of Revista Brasileira de Biociencias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)