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Copyright of Revista Fatec Zona Sul (REFAS) is the property of Revista Fatec Zona Sul (REFAS) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Growth promoting fungi have the potential to be used in seedling production. The objective of this work was to evaluate the vegetative growth of Coffea arabica L. seedlings inoculated with the fungi Trichoderma harzianum and Beauveria bassiana, and to determine the immersion time of the seeds in the conidia suspension. The seeds were immersed in the conidia suspension (1 x 107 conidia.mL-1) for 0h, 6h, 12h, 24h, 48h and 96h, constituting a 3 x 6 factorial arrangement in randomized blocks. The following were evaluated: aerial part height, collar diameter, number of pairs of leaves, leaf area, root length, fresh and dry mass. The fungus B. bassiana promoted greater plant height at times 0h, 6h and 96h and a greater number of pairs of leaves at times 6h and 96h. The fungus T. harzianum promoted shorter root length and the fungus B. bassiana at 6h and 96h. The fungus T. harzianum promoted greater diameter of the seedling neck at 12h, 48h and 96h. The fungus B. bassiana promoted greater fresh mass of aerial parts compared to the fungus T. harzianum. There was no significant difference between the other parameters. The 65h seed immersion time promoted greater leaf area and there is no relationship with growth promoting fungi. Research with the fungi B. bassiana and T. harzianum should be expanded, since there is evidence of gains in certain vegetative growth parameters, such as plant height and stem diameter. The immersion time is not a determining factor in the vegetative growth of Arabica coffee seedlings, in the presence of the fungi B. bassiana and T. harzianum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the physicochemical properties of coffee husk, elephant grass, and sugarcane alone or combined with each other or with commercial compounds, as well as their use as substrate for the production of clonal Coffea canephora seedlings. The experiment was carried out in two stages: one for the physicochemical characterization of the substrates, and the other for evaluations of the growth of coffee seedlings in these substrates. In the first stage, the treatments consisted of coffee husk (CH), elephant grass (EG), sugarcane (SC), commercial substrate (CS), vermiculite (VM), and their combinations. In the second stage, the standard substrate (soil) was also evaluated. CH presented a high electrical conductivity and density and a low aeration space and available water. SC stood out for its lower pH and density and its greater porosity. SC and EG were viable for coffee seedling production, not differing from the commercial and standard substrates. With the exception of CH+EG, CH+CS, and EG+SC, the combined substrates allowed of a greater seedling growth than the isolated ones. CH was only viable as a substrate when combined, especially with VM. Combining CH, SC, and EG to the standard substrate improves the quality of clonal C. canephora seedlings.

Copyright of Sigmae is the property of Universidade Federal de Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Pós Ciências Sociais (REPOCS) is the property of Revista Pos Ciencias Sociais (REPOCS) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of GeSec: Revista de Gestao e Secretariado is the property of Sindicato das Secretarias e Secretarios do Estado de Sao Paulo (SINSESP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of GeSec: Revista de Gestao e Secretariado is the property of Sindicato das Secretarias e Secretarios do Estado de Sao Paulo (SINSESP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of GeSec: Revista de Gestao e Secretariado is the property of Sindicato das Secretarias e Secretarios do Estado de Sao Paulo (SINSESP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The interference of weeds in coffee cultivation is one of the factors contributing to losses and impairments in crop growth and productivity. Consequently, it becomes necessary to employ strategies aimed at mitigating this stress and facilitating optimal crop development through enhanced nutritional practices. This study aimed to assess the impact of various sources and modes of release of enhanced-efficiency phosphate fertilizers on the initial growth of Coffea arabica L. plants in competition with the weed Bidens pilosa in a greenhouse. The experiment was conducted at the Federal University of Vales do Jequitinhonha and Mucuri – Diamantina MG, Brazil, employing a block design in a 4 x 6 factorial arrangement with four replications. The factors corresponded to four levels of B. pilosa infestation and six phosphorus sources (Super Single, Conventional, MAP, Granulated Organomineral, Pelleted Organomineral, MAP Coated with Polymer, and a control treatment without fertilization). The findings suggest that under the experimental conditions of this research, the escalating density of weed competition from B. pilosa negatively impacts the initial growth of coffee plants. However, this effect is dependent on the source of phosphate fertilization. Fertilizers with slow-release phosphate sources are recommended for coffee plantations, as they contribute to reduced weed growth in comparison to coffee plants.

The objective of this work was to physiochemically characterize and quantify the content of phenols, caffeine, and antioxidant activity in beans from samples of roasted and ground specialty coffee, associated with the production systems of the Corregimiento Cay in Ibagué. (5) samples of roasted and ground coffee, which were related as specialty coffee types: Blend (2), Castillo (2), and Tabi (1). The physicochemical parameters evaluated were color (CIElab), electrical conductivity, solids, fixed and volatile solids, soluble solids, hydrogen potential (pH), moisture, water activity, acidity and equivalent acidity (3-caffeoylquinic), reducing and non-reducing sugars, ether extract, phenols flavonoids, and reducing power (FRAP). The results of the characterizations showed 2.54±0.33%, for soluble solids, water activity 0.241 to 0.280, and reducing sugars 1.10 to 1.85%. CIELab color (L: 20.8 ± 0.50 to 22.3 ± 0.20; a*: 3.15 ± 0.35 to 4.65 ± 0.91; b*: 9.40 ± 0.28 to 9.40 ± 0.28), pH 4.79 to 5.54, chlorogenic acid equivalents 8.66 ± 1.10 and 10.5 ±1.60 mg/kg, caffeine 246.9± 9.62 mg per 100 g, being higher in the Blend and Tabi type samples and the phenols and flavonoids with values of 258.2± 41.7 (mg E. gallic A. per 100) and 258.2 ± 41.7 (mg E. quercetin per 100 g) respectively. Electrical conductivity and total inorganic conductive solids showed a positive correlation in the varieties studied. Final FRAP test (μM/g) 696.3± 13.1. Multivariate analysis and correlation between parameters are proposed as an analytical model for the characterization of coffee matrices and show the quality and variability of the samples associated with the regions.

Copyright of Arquivos de Ciências da Saúde da UNIPAR is the property of Associacao Paranaense de Ensino e Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article analyses the literary text and the memory through the preface of the book Cidades mortas, by Monteiro Lobato. Thus, the research corpus is centered on the preface 'Farpas luminosas', written by Marcia Camargos and Vladimir Sacchetta. Based in the opening text, the objective is to examine the preface of the book Cidades mortas, linking the paratext with the memory perspective. It is possible to recognize the opening text as a possibility of signification of the collective memory in the period of the coffee culture decadence in the country. This historical context was lived by the author and portrayed in the anthology's tales. The methodology is based on the qualitative approach and on the bibliographical research. The literary text is analyzed from the studies of Genette, Le Goff and Halbwachs. As a result, it is emphasized that the literary text can be considered a tool to bring the reader closer to the knowledge permeated in his own memory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pasos: Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural is the property of Universidad de La Laguna, Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Politicas y Sociales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Jibacoa region is a rice producing region generating high amounts of husk, used as an alternative for fertilizer. The convenience of tube technology for seedling production using rice husk combined with soil, as a substrate, is an option to produce coffee seedlings in the region. The experiment was carried out in the nursery of the Jibacoa Agroforestry Experimental Station, Villa Clara province, Cuba, located at 22°.01'N and 79°.58'W, in the period between November 2019 and June 2020. The effect of different proportions of burned rice husks (BRH)., soil and different Multicote® doses on the development of coffee seedlings established in tubes as containers was evaluated. A factorial completely randomized experimental design was used with 26 treatments. Seven months after the establishment, the variables height, stem diameter, number of paired leaves, leaf area and total dry mass were evaluated in 20 plants per treatment: The treatment consisting of 25% BRH + 75% soil + 3 g of Multicote® reported the highest mean values of height, stem diameter and number of leaves of seedlings of Coffea arabica L Var."Island 6_14.

Abstract The time of the fermentation process of coffee from northern Peru is variable (9 to 48 hours) since coffee farmers do not use standardized processes, causing a variety of coffee qualities. This study aimed to identify volatile compounds in both short (9 hours) and long (32 hours) coffee fermentation processes from coffee farms in northern Peru using Solid-Phase Microextraction-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (SPME-GC/MS) to associate the coffee quality and diversity of volatile compounds. Sensory analyses showed that the short fermentation process (SFP) scored 77.8 ± 0.39 and had chocolate, wood, cardboard, dry, fatty and rough notes, while the long fermentation process (LFP) showed higher punctuations 85.5 ± 3.16 and citrus, fruity, floral, caramel and chocolate sensory attributes. A total of 90 compounds were found in the SFP, whereas 141 compounds were identified in the LFP. Significant differences in the relative abundance of 14 chemical compounds were reported in the SFP and LFP (p < 0.05). From these results, the presence of benzaldehyde, methional, hexanal, 2-heptanone, pentadecane, 1-butanol-3-methyl-acetate, and benzene-acetic acid ethyl ester seems to impact the quality of coffee. The analysis of similarities showed that coffee samples (5 h and 9 h) during the SFP were very variable, whereas coffee samples from LFP showed some tendency to group, which may be related to the difference in altitude and temperature in coffee farms making comparison between them difficult. In addition, this study highlights the complex relationship between coffee fermentation and flavour and the influence of several factors and variables that may affect the composition of flavour and aroma precursors in green coffee beans obtained from wet fermentation.

The objective of this study is to understand the role of associations in the dynamics of the coffee sector by analyzing the role of the Federation of Coffee Growers of the Cerrado (FCC) in coordinating the agro-industrial system of coffee with a focus on the seal of designation of origin. This organization presented characteristics of an Interface Agent, mainly through representation actions with government agencies and international entities. Subsequently, the FCC expanded its actions and became a Trusted Agent through actions to promote the region's coffee region. In addition, FCC also expanded its actions and became a Coordinating Agent through actions to control the quality of production delimited by the origin of the Cerrado coffee region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to carry out a survey of coleopteran present in an agroforestry system consisting of Brazilian mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla King), Australian cedar (Toona ciliata M. Roem.) and coffee trees (Coffea sp.), in Monte Carmelo, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, with ethanolic flight intercept traps (model PET-SM), and to verify their spatial distribution pattern. Twenty-five traps were distributed, installed at 1.5 m from the ground, and placed at 35 m from each other. The attractant used was 6 mL of 96° GL alcohol, and the material was collected after 15 days. Bimonthly collections were carried out, from August 2019 to July 2020, with the registration of 17,942 specimens of the Coleoptera order, distributed in 25 families. The family Curculionidae showed greater abundance, with emphasis on the subfamily Scolytinae, with 17,533 individuals, whose population peak occurred in April and July 2020. The Morisita index indicated aggregated spatial distribution for subfamily Scolytinae and order Coleoptera. This pattern is explained by the fact that bark beetles feed and group together to mate on the host plant. We concluded that the spatial pattern of the bark beetles and Coleoptera groups is aggregated and the population peak of the species occurs in the dry-cold season. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Characterized as the country's largest coffee producer, Minas Gerais presents the development of several coffee-related tourist activities. This article, based on a literature review, takes as a case study the Specialty Coffee Route in the South and Southwest of Minas Gerais, which includes the municipalities of Carmo de Minas and São Lourenço, in the Mantiqueira Mountains. It is concluded that the granting of a Geographical Indication of the Indication of Origin type in 2011 added value to the coffee produced and boosted the tourist activity that was already being explored by the Unique Cafés company on local farms. Thus, the Geographical Indication is understood as a possible driver of rural coffee tourism due to the product appreciation and the unique production process in that region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pegada is the property of Pegada and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of REUNIR: Revista de Administração, Contabilidade e Sustentabilidade is the property of REUNIR - Revista de Administracao, Contabilidade e Sustentabilidade and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Most coffee farmers in Espírito Santo have plantations managed with the conventional system. This system is characterized by deforestation of native areas and the indiscriminate use of agrochemical inputs that compromise the physical, chemical and biological quality of the soil. In contrast to the conventional system, the agro-ecological management system (AMS) contributes to the sustainability of ecosystems and improvement of soil attributes. The planting of coffee trees in the SMA is considered a sustainable alternative for agricultural production, providing extra income for farmers and reducing their production costs. The objective of this work was to evaluate the soil mechanical resistance to root penetration (RP) of arabica coffee plants (Coffea arabica L.) in plantations with SMA management, in relation to the timing since the start of intercropping. The study was carried out on a family farm located in the municipality of Guaçuí-ES. The SMA parameters evaluated were: S1 (Coffea arabica L., Musa sp. and Euterpe edulis) planted 20 years ago; S2 (Coffea arabica L., Musa sp. and Bactris gasipaes Kunth) planted 4 years ago; and S3 (Coffea arabica L. and Musa sp) planted simultaneously 2 years ago. RP was measured under field conditions, in the of 0.0–0.10 m soil layer, using an impact penetrometer. Three replications were carried out at two sampling points, under the projection of the coffee tree canopy (PC) and between the rows (EL) in the three SMA areas. In a reference area, native forest (MNT), RP was measured randomly, in the same soil profile, with three repetitions, totaling 21 repetitions in the entire study area. Mean values of SMA RP were submitted to Dunnett’s test at 5% significance. The results showed that MNT had the lowest mean value (1.48 MPa). The mean values of SMA S1 (PC and EL) were statistically equal to the values displayed by the MNT. The reduction in the value of RP in this system may have been due to the minimum mobilization of the soil, the high and constant input of organic matter from the pruning of coffee trees and plants intercropped for 20 years. It is worth mentioning that this area was never used for cattle breeding. The absence of trampling contributed to the maintenance of the physical quality of the soil. The highest mean values were obtained for S2 (PC) and S3 (PC and EL): 4.98, 4.50 and 4.08 MPa, respectively, with significance of p

Background: The use of alternatives for teaching analytical chemistry in undergraduate studies has been a challenge for teachers since most methods require high-cost equipment and functional analytical skills. This work presents the use of RGB, an additive color system n digital media, as a method of quantifying of a given analyte in samples. Aim: To analyze different samples containing different concentrations of coffee, comparing them using two techniques: 1) spectrophotometry and 2) RGB, and then perform the calculations for the determination of an unknown concentration. Methods: Eight samples were prepared, six with defined concentrations of coffee, one in white, and one without a defined concentration. Method 1 used the spectrophotometer to read the absorbance at 420 nm wavelength for melanoidin reading, in method 2 the RGB was used, positioning buckets in front of a digital screen emitting light at the corresponding wavelength. Microsoft Powerpoint was used to collect RGB and Microsoft Excel data for data processing. Results: The data obtained through the analytical equipment, as well as those obtained via RGB, were able to estimate the unknown concentration of coffee, both techniques estimated a concentration between 3 and 4%, both with the equation of the line and r² capable of estimating values corresponding to the concentrations of the samples. Discussion: The RGB technique has been studied in recent decades, mainly for colorimetric analyses, since it makes the study or laboratory experiments available in an accessible way. Bringing the student closer to the spectrophotometric technique, promoting scientific development, and elaborating the hypothesis about using technology as an analysis tool. Conclusions: Experimental practices promote the development of research, which guide both teachers and students in the use of new technologies and in the development of new activities aimed at teaching, this work in question opens a range for the use of tools and methods of easy access and low cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Espacios is the property of Talleres de Impresos Oma and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ABSTRACT Companies are looking for reliable partners, including suppliers, that offer high-quality services. The decision-making process involves several stakeholders with different objectives that require different types of relevant criteria to be considered. This study used the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), a multiple-criteria decision analysis and decision-making method, to select a new supplier for a coffee-roasting plant. For this, the type of coffee was selected, and the relevant criteria were established: percentage of extrinsic defects, loss in precleaning, price, and taste. Four different potential suppliers were compared in relation to all criteria using the AHP. We achieved our research objective by establishing an order of priority for the criteria and suppliers. As a result, supplier B was the leading supplier with a 35.29% priority, followed by suppliers A and D. Our findings show great potential for using a formal method in the decision-making process in the agro-industry and applying the AHP method in an important problem and in relevant plant culture. Furthermore, other problems in agricultural engineering can benefit from the reasoning steps employed.

Abstract: Coffee is a strategic cash crop for poverty reduction and economic growth in Nigeria, and it is consumed worldwide, making it a significant source of income at both the micro and macro levels. This study analysed the trends in ' 'Nigeria's coffee output and the short and long-run determinants of coffee output in Nigeria. A period of 38 years was considered and the data were sourced from the Food and Agriculture Organization, the World Bank and the International Coffee Organization. The linear trend and the Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model were instrumental in the data analysis. The trend analysis reveals that coffee output is decreasing, necessitating immediate action. Fertiliser use and land availability for farmers require extra attention in the short run because they are significant and had a positive impact on coffee output. In the long-run climate change, producer price and fertiliser use negatively impact the coffee farmers' output. The need to make land easily accessible to coffee farmers by amending land use regulations to ensure the conservation and expansion of farmlands is one of the most notable recommendations of this study.

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To evaluate the color pigmentation of two commercial brands of esthetic chain elastics immersed in artificial saliva and in the presence of other solutions. Materials and methods: A sample of 100 elastic segments with 6 links of the brands Morelli and Orthometric, divided into five groups of 10 segments each, was immersed in 5 solutions: artificial saliva, red wine, coffee, Coca-Cola, and açai. Pigmentation was evaluated in periods of 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. Intra- and inter-group color changes were performed using photographs taken on a white background with Adobe software. ANOVA and Tukey’s test were used for statistical analysis with a 5% significance level. Results: the elastics submerged in artificial saliva showed no pigmentation in both brands; those exposed to red wine solution showed high pigmentation in relation to those submerged in the other substances; the coffee solution showed pigmentation in the first days, with small pigmentations throughout the 28 days; while those exposed to Coca-Cola and açai solutions showed color changes as of the second week. Conclusion: the diet of patients influences the pigmentation of elastics, which justifies the guidance to patients to avoid foods with high pigmentation potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Científica Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacia is the property of Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas y Farmacia de la USAC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper presents the insertion of Minas Gerais and Brazil in the Coffee Global Value Chain (CGVC). The analyses focus on 2017, exploring data from international and regional trade. To this end, it portrays its four dimensions: structure of production, in which traders play an important role; geography of demand and supply, pointing out that countries from South America and Asia exports mainly green coffee; governance, showing that coffee roasters controls the CGV; and the institutional context, revealing that Minas Gerais, which is the largest producer state in Brazil by far, exports mainly green coffee. In addition, small and medium farmers are responsible for the coffee production; the coffee roasting is highly concentrated in few industries; and public institutions help to spill over best growing techniques. The analyses of the CGVC shows that the value added in its first segments is low. Therefore, we identify opportunities to strengthen Minas Gerais position by assuming the roasting process and boosting the special coffee production.

Coffee is one of the most socioeconomically important crops worldwide. Currently, environmental variations due to climate change are affecting coffee development and growth. Therefore, it is important to evaluate areas that offer a different environment during seedling stage since it is fundamental for successful cultivation. Four municipalities located at different altitudes in the Department of Nariño were selected: La Florida (1879 m a.s.l.), Sandoná (1924 m a.s.l.), Consacá (2001 m a.s.l.), and La Unión (1417 m a.s.l.). The experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design. Growth variables were measured for five months, including total height-TH, number of leaves-NL, total leaf area-LA, fresh weight-FW, and dry weight-W. The following indices were calculated from the variables recorded: relative growth rate-RGR, leaf area index-LAI, net assimilation rate-NAR, crop growth rate-CGR, leaf area duration-LAD, and leaf area ratio-LAR. The data related to TH, NL, W, and LA recorded during the last evaluation (120 days after being transplanted) showed differences between locations; the maximum values in TH, W and LA were recorded in La Union, while higher averages in NL were obtained in Sandoná. The index values for CGR, LAI, LAR, RGR, and LAD were higher in La Unión, while NAR was higher in La Florida. The results lead to conclude that there are differences in coffee seedling growth depending on the climatic conditions. Accordingly, the highest growth was observed in areas at lower altitudes; therefore, these are recommended for seedling establishment given the higher growth rate, especially that of leaves.

Knowing the soil macrofauna and its distribution is important to predict the degradation state of a soil as well as its physical properties and biological components. This research was carried out in coffee ecotopes 220A and 221A in southern Colombia. Two systems were evaluated, Coffea arabica var Castillo and native forest coffee, during two different seasons, winter and summer. Sampling was carried out using the tropical soil biology and fertility program (TSBF) methodology. The statistical treatment was carried out by means of a non-parametric analysis of variance Kruskal-Wall test. The density of orders present per square meter was evaluated, demonstrating that the highest density occurred in the winter season in the ecotope 220A and 221A forest system, with averages of 9.33 orders/ m2 and 9.67 orders/ m2, respectively. The highest number of density of individuals was obtained in winter, in the forest system and coffee in the 220A and 221A ecotopes with averages ranging between 1808 individuals/ m2 and 1368 individuals/ m2, statistically exceeding the number of individuals/ m2 that appeared in summer season. For biomass, the highest contribution was obtained in the winter season, with averages of 186.5 grams/ m2 in the 220A ecotope and 205.74 grams/ m2 for the 221A ecotope, exceeding the biomass that was presented in coffee winter season time, both in the 220A and 221A ecotopes.

ABSTRACT The causes of the low desiccation tolerance and low longevity of coffee seeds have not yet been fully elucidated, and a full understanding of their complex physiology is of great interest. Among several alternatives, the loss of antioxidant capacity in seeds may be related to their rapid loss in quality during storage. The objective of this study was to determine the total antioxidant capacity of coffee harvested at different ripeness stages before and after the storage of seeds with different water contents and to relate antioxidant capacity to physiological quality. Seeds in the greenish-yellow or cherry stages, recently harvested or stored for nine months at 10 °C with 40, 30, 20 and 12% water content (wet basis - wb), were submitted to physiological and biochemical quality evaluations, and the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) was determined. The germination and root protrusion of coffee seeds from greenish-yellow and cherry fruits were not affected by drying, but seeds harvested at physiological maturity had greater vigor when the moisture content was lower. The quality of coffee seeds decreased during storage, and this decrease was greater in seeds stored with higher water contents. Coffee seeds in the greenish-yellow stage had a higher antioxidant capacity than those in the cherry stage when recently harvested, but there was a substantial reduction in this capacity during storage at both maturation stages. Coffee seed deterioration is related to a reduction in antioxidant capacity, and the isoenzymatic profiles of the antioxidant process are little affected by the seed maturation stage. The deterioration of coffee seeds during storage is related to a reduction in their total antioxidant capacity, regardless of their maturation stage, being more pronounced in the greenish-yellow stage.

The development of more drought-tolerant cultivars is essential for the maintenance of global agricultural production. This study aimed to perform an early selection of drought-tolerant Coffea arabica genotypes by evaluating their functional divergence using morphological, anatomical and physiological analyses. Seedlings of 14 genotypes were subjected to the drought stress imposed by irrigation for 18 days. Growth and anatomical parameters, leaf water potential and gas exchanges were measured. Under irrigated conditions and prolonged drought (18 days), the divergence among the genotypes was determined mainly by morphological traits, such as leaf area, stem diameter and, consequently, shoot dry mass. Under moderate drought (14 days), parameters such as water potential, cuticle thickness, stomatal density, number of xylem vessels and water-use efficiency were important for the divergence of the group with the highest ability to maintain its water status. The genotypes 1, 2, 4, 11 and 12 have characteristics that contributed to the maintenance of water status, such as greater cuticle thickness, stomatal density, smaller number of xylem vessels and phloem thickness, bigger root length and greater water-use efficiency. The functional divergence combining morphological, anatomical and physiological analyses in response to the moderate drought indicated the early selection of the genotypes 1, 2, 4, 11 and 12 as more drought tolerant during the seedling stage.

Coffee growing has been highlighted in the organic production system in the Zona da Mata Mineira region. It is intended to analyze and emphasize the actions of Public Rural Extension in the technical development of organic coffee in the municipality of Araponga, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The methodological outline of this article corresponds to the use of these tools: bibliographic, documentary and qualitative research. The results point out that the average annual productivity - in the period between 2013 and 2019 - is 20,6 bags/ha. The main claims are based on technological processes for grain processing, phytosanitary products, rural financing, and water and soil conservation. Regarding inputs, the most used is the avian litter. It is concluded that EMATER-MG in Araponga office has a role of institutional relevance through rural extension work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The edaphic fauna is a biological indicator of soil fertility. Knowing its diversity allows establishing functional relationships with it and making decisions to establish conservation practices. The objective of this work was to evaluate the richness (Ri), relative abundance (AR), and diversity of the edaphic fauna in four municipalities of the department of Nariño, La Union, Sandona, Consaca y La Florida. The samplings were carried out at three altitudes, which were considered as replicates. In secondary forests and coffee crops, Ri and AR were recorded in mulch, between 10 and 20 cm, and between 20 and 30 cm deep. In Consacá, were registered 19,836 individuals of 24 orders, of which 37.6% corresponded to forest and 62.4% to coffee. Florida showed 13,980 individuals from 16 orders of which 41.3% were located in the forest and 58.7% in coffee. In La Unión, were found 6,935 individuals in 17 orders, where 64.2% were located in the forest and 35.8% in coffee. The number of individuals in Sandoná was 10,436, of which 10.7% were located in the forest and 89.3% in coffee. In forests, there were higher values of diversity than in coffee crops. The systems x depths interaction was not significant, an exception of the Shannon-Weaver and Simpson indices in Sandoná. Hymenoptera, Acari and Coleóptera were the most prevalent with differences in Ri and AR between forest and coffee.

Abstract This article examines the connections between slavery and capitalism in the making of the nineteenth-century Brazilian slaveholding class through a theoretical debate of global history and World System perspective. The expansion of the coffee frontier in Parahyba Valley was connected to the world market after the Industrial Revolution, and there planters emerged unifying national slaveholders interests through state institutions. Therefore, the making of the Brazilian slaveholding class in the 1830s and its crisis after the 1860s was as much a part of the World System dynamic as the rise and decline of other ruling classes in the nineteenth century, like the slaveholding classes of Cuba and the southern United States and the bourgeoisies of Europe and the northern United States.

Failure to comply with good practices in the application of herbicides between the rows of coffee trees can cause drift and consequent cases of phytotoxicity in coffee trees. The determination of phytotoxicity is usually performed using scales that are subjective methods and can lead to diagnostic errors. Thus, the objective of this work was to verify if the physiological and biometric parameters, using the neural network, are good indicators of phytotoxicity, as well as to estimate the phytotoxicity caused by the herbicide Saflufenacil in Conilon coffee plants. The experiment was implemented in a greenhouse at the Experimental Farm of the Federal University of Espírito Santo, Campus São Mateus, ES. Conilon clone LB1 coffee seedlings were used. The seedlings were cultivated in 5L pots. The design used was completely randomized with 15 replications. The treatments were subdoses of Saflufenacil: 10, 20, 30 and 40% of the commercial dose. The evaluated parameters were: height, stem diameter, number of plagiotropic leaves and branches, chlorophyll "a" fluorescence, chlorophyll index, pigment contents and evaluation of visual phytotoxicity. To estimate phytotoxicity, the ANNs were trained using the Resilient Propagation algorithm with 3,000 cycles. Physiological and biometric parameters are good indicators of the state in which the plant is. It was possible to estimate the phytotoxicity of the herbicide Saflufenacil using physiological and biometric parameters via neural networks efficiently, with the estimates of modeling errors not exceeding 5% in most cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: sleep can be altered with the use of psychotropic drugs and coffee consumption, so this study aimed to analyze the quality of sleep of university students and its relationship with the consumption of these substances, a cross-sectional study was carried out with university students aged 18 years or over. Methods: Data collection took place through an online questionnaire between April and June 2019. The dependent variable was sleeping quality and the independent variables were consumption of psychoactive medications and high consumption of coffee. For the association analyses, Poisson regression with robust variance was used, with calculation of the prevalence ratio (PR) and confidence interval at 95 % (95 % CI). Results: among the evaluated students (N=2721), the prevalence of poor sleep quality was 75.6 %. The consumption of psychoactive drugs and high consumption of coffee was 11.2 % and 14.1 %, respectively. Poor sleep quality was more prevalent in students who use psychoactive medications (PR 1.11; 95 % CI 1.06 to 1.16), consuming a high amount of coffee (PR 1.06; 95 % CI 1.01-1.11), or use one of the two substances (RP 1.10; 95 % CI 1.06-1.15). Conclusion: the present study showed an association between poor sleep quality and the use of psychoactive drugs and higher coffee consumption in college students, which, together with the high prevalence of poor sleep quality in college students, demonstrates the importance of proper management of the use of these products, as well as actions to prevent and resolve sleep disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Turismo em Análise is the property of Revista Turismo em Analise and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ABSTRACT The development of modified hydroponic cultivation has aroused interest and its use has enabled advantages in several crops, but studies for coffee are still scarce. Thus, the objective of this research was to evaluate seedling production of three Coffea arabica cultivars (Mundo Novo IAC-376-4, Catuaí IAC-62 Amarelo and MGS Paraíso 2), in a modified hydroponic system, and to compare it with the nursery production system, using plastic polyethylene tubettes and bags. Coffee seedlings in the development phase with cotyledon leaves, were cultivated in both cultivation systems. At 90 days after the implementation of the experiment, the seedlings were analyzed for growth (height, stem diameter, total number, leaf area, root area, root and shoot dry matter weight), and physiological characteristics (chlorophyll content and stomatal conductance). For the statistical analysis, a completely randomized design (CRD) was used in a factorial scheme 3 (cultivars) x 2 (containers) x 2 (cultivation systems), with four replications of ten plants per plot. The innovative production system of coffee seedlings in modified hydroponics, in combination with the use of polyethylene bags, provided greater growth of coffee seedlings with better physiological characteristics. Among the cultivars tested, MGS Paraíso 2 stood out with higher seedling growth (number of leaves, stem diameter and root and shoot dry matter weight).

ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the occupational exposure of workers to heat during manual harvesting of coffee. The case study was conducted between May to August. Occupational heat in coffee plantations was evaluated using the Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) method and the metabolic rate. The WBGT was obtained using the TGD 400 thermal stress meter. The determined WBGT values were compared to two standards: the Occupational Hygiene Standard (NHO) 06 and Regulatory Norm (NR) 09. For acclimatized workers, the exposure limit was not exceeded at any time during the evaluated period. Fornon-acclimatized workers, the exposure limit was not exceeded only in July.