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ABSTRACT: The production of craft beer has been growing rapidly over the last decade, and the main motivation for its consumption is the search for authenticity, new sensory experiences, and its functional attributes. Adding fruits and spices in the brewing or maturation of craft beer gives it unique characteristics such as aroma and flavor, thus the use of umbu-cajá fruits and cinnamon is an example of creating diverse new products and flavors in the beer industry. However, during beer storage, chemical and sensory changes that influence shelf life may occur. In view of the above, the present work aimed to brew craft beer adding umbu-cajá and cinnamon then to evaluate sensory and physico-chemical characteristics over 60 days of storage. To brew American Pale Ale beer we used Pilsen EBC 3-4,5 malt, Fermentis US-05 yeast, hops, umbu-cajá pulp and a cinnamon-based solution. After the drink went through a 10-day fermentation process, umbu-cajá pulp and cinnamon solution was added and it was then bottled. Over 60 days, samples were taken to carry out physical-chemical analyzes of real, apparent and primitive extract, total and volatile acidity, reducing and non-reducing sugars, alcohol content, density, color (L*, a*, b*, c*, hue angle) and sensory analysis performed after storage. According to the results, the resulting beer showed physical-chemical variations, pH and density variables were the most influenced during storage, but remained within the limits established by current legislation, except for primitive extract. As for the sensory acceptance test, the notes showed that the final product was well accepted and if it were on sale 76% stated that they would certainly or possibly buy it, thus showing it to be an alternative in the beer market with the introduction of a differentiated product with potential for adding value to umbu-cajá and cinnamon. KEYWORDS: Alcoholic fermentation, sensory acceptance, quality. RESUMO: A produção de cerveja artesanal vem crescendo rapidamente ao longo da última década, sendo que a sua principal motivação para o consumo é a busca de autenticidade, novas experiências sensoriais e seus atributos funcionais. A adição de frutas e especiarias na elaboração ou maturação da cerveja artesanal, confere características únicas como aroma e sabor, sendo desta forma, a utilização de frutos do umbu-cajá e canela um exemplo para a diversificação com novos produtos e sabores na indústria cervejeira. Entretanto, no armazenamento da cerveja, podem ocorrer mudanças químicas e sensoriais que influenciam a vida de prateleira. Diante do exposto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo elaborar, avaliar sensorialmente e físico-química durante 60 dias de armazenamento a cerveja artesanal utilizando o umbu-cajá e canela na maturação. Para a obtenção da cerveja American Pale Ale foi utilizado, malte Pilsen EBC 3-4,5, levedura Fermentis US-05, lúpulo, frutos de umbu-cajá e uma solução a base de canela. Após a bebida passar pelo processo de fermentação, foi adicionado a polpa de umbu-cajá e solução de canela que durou 10 dias de maturação que logo após foi envasada. Durante 60 dias foram retiradas amostras para a realização das análises físico-químicas de extrato real, aparente e primitivo, acidez total e volátil, açúcares redutores e não redutores, grau alcoólico, densidade, cor (L*, a*, b*, c*, ângulo hue) e analise sensorial foi realizada após o armazenamento. Conforme os resultados, a cerveja elaborada apresentou variações físico-químicas e as variáveis pH e densidade foram as mais influenciadas durante o armazenamento, mas se manteve dentro dos limites estabelecidos pela legislação vigente, com exceção do extrato primitivo. Quanto ao teste de aceitação sensorial, as notas demostraram que o produto elaborado foi bem aceito e se estivesse a venda 76% afirmaram que certamente compraria e possivelmente compraria, mostrando assim ser uma alternativa no mercado cervejeiro com a introdução de um produto diferenciado com potencial de mercado, agregando valor aos frutos de umbu-cajá e canela. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Fermentação alcoólica, aceitação sensorial, qualidade.

Suco de maçã da variedade Fuji processado com casca de arroz como auxiliar na prensagem foi avaliado sensorialmente. Na prensagem foi utilizada pressão de trabalho de 150 e 200kgf/cm² sobre a polpa triturada e adicionado casca de arroz nas concentrações de 0; 1; 3 e 5%. Após o processamento foram efetuadas avaliações de rendimento e sensoriais por equipe de julgadores treinados. A maior concentração de casca de arroz proporcionou maior incremento no rendimento de extração do suco de maçã, superior às médias das testemunhas. Na pressão de 150kgf/cm² a testemunha obteve um rendimento de 59,91%, enquanto a concentração com 5% de casca de arroz teve um rendimento de 76,09%. Para a pressão de 200kgf/cm², a testemunha apresentou média de 66,52% e a concentração com 5% de casca de arroz obteve o maior rendimento de extração, média de 73,19%. Na avaliação sensorial, observa-se diferença significativa entre as testemunhas e os tratamentos, especialmente quanto aos atributos cor, odor e sabor. Na qualidade geral, os sucos obtidos com o tratamento testemunha foram considerados de melhor qualidade que aqueles obtidos com os tratamentos onde foi adicionado auxiliar de prensagem casca de arroz, indicando que este tratamento influencia negativamente na qualidade final do produto. The apple juice of the Fuji variety went through a sensorial evaluation in which it was processed together with rice hull that served as a pressing aid. The triturated pulp was pressed under a working pressure of 150 and 200kgf/cm² and rice hull was added in a concentration of 0; 1; 3 and 5%. A group of trained testers submitted the product of the process to sensory and yield evaluations. The highest concentration of rice hull provided higher increase in the yield of the apple juice extraction, higher than the average of the witnesses. Using a working pressure of 150kgf/cm² the yield obtained with the witness was of 59.91% while the 5% rice hull concentration obtained yield of 76.09%, for an applied pressure of 200kgf/cm² the witness presented average of 66.52% and the concentration of 5% of rice hull obtained the higher yield of extraction, an average of 73.19%. Through the sensorial evaluation significant differences can be observed between the witnesses and treatments, especially when color, odor, and flavor are considered. The general quality of pure juice was considered to have a higher quality than those obtained through treatments with the rice hull pressing aid. It indicates that this treatment has a negative influence on the final quality of the product.

This research paper aims to propose a multicriteria solution to the multiple-choice problematic within the same decision problem, based on the hypothesis that the ‘n’ best alternatives in a ranking listing are not necessarily the best set of ‘n’ alternatives. Through experimental research, a recruiting problem where three candidates should be chosen from a set of ten is simulated. MEM - Multiplex Electionis Methodus – offers a solution to this problem starting from the traditional modeling of the decision problems, with a payment matrix and weights vector, and aggregating a matrix of complementarity among criteria. The results show that the best triple set is not the set of the three best ranked options in a simple ranking list, thus fulfilling the research paper’s objective by confirming the stated hypothesis, thereby contradicting the intuitive decision based on the assumption that the ‘n’ first alternatives compose the best set of ‘n’ alternatives.

Este artigo analisa as influências do jogo e dos símbolos matemáticos na obra do poeta moderno Ion Barbu, as relações entre ciência e arte em sua poesia, além de propor uma leitura da teoria dos jogos como arte poética. A obra de Barbu é imbuída de símbolos matemáticos, razão pela qual foi vista pela crítica como original, uma novidade na literatura romena. O poeta e matemático Ion Barbu (Dan Barbilian) é um dos mais conhecidos poetas do país, e seu trabalho não só passou por diversas fases representativas como também sofreu diversas mudanças no plano da linguagem. Assim, o tema do jogo varia de acordo com a fase poética que analisamos. A crítica do jogo como ars poetica, no trabalho de investigadores romenos quanto no de estrangeiros, é o ponto de partida deste artigo, que, por sua vez, tem por objetivo demonstrar que o jogo é, além de um tropo cultural e literário, um modo de vida. A própria literatura é um jogo de espaço e de tempo que atravessa diferentes épocas e estilos. A poesia é um jogo de palavras, criadora de um espaço imaginário complexo e fascinante. A vida se desdobra no espaço de um jogo intelectual, em um mundo criado pela mente, no qual tudo é diferente da vida real e interconectado por laços que não seguem uma lógica cotidiana. O jogo, portanto, é um elemento tipicamente poético, e toda forma poética parece estar intimamente ligada à estrutura do jogo. The paper explores and analyzes the influences of game and mathematical symbols on the poetry of the Romanian modern poet Ion Barbu. The paper presents the analysis of the theories of game as a poetic art as well as the analysis of the links between science and poetry in the works of Ion Barbu - links which led to the conclusion that his poetry is imbued with mathematical symbols. This was the reason why literary critics reviewed his work as original and a novelty in Romanian literature. Poet and mathematician Ion Barbu (Dan Barbilian) became known as one of the most significant modern poets of Romania, Barbus' lyric went not only through different phases distinct by various specific representations, but it also went through language modifications. Thus the motive of the game which we encounter in Barbu's poetry changes according to the literary phase through which the poet goes. The analysis of game as ars poetica by critics and other foreign and Romanian researchers represents the point of departure of this paper while the goal of this research is to identify those components which demonstrate that game is not only a cultural and literary topic but also a way of life. Literature itself is a game of time and space, a game of different eras and fashions. Poetry is a game of words and a creator of a fascinating imaginary and complex space. Life unfolds within the space of an intellectual game, in a world created by the mind where things are different from those in real life and linked with links other than the logical ones. Game is thus an element that belongs within the field of poetry and every poetic form seems closely tied to the structure of the game. Lucrarea de faţă cercetează influenţa jocului şi a simbolurilor matematice asupra poetului român modern, Ion Barbu. Lucrarea reprezintă teoriile cercetătorilor cu privire la jocul ca artă poetică, la fel legătura dintre ştiinţă şi poezie în opera lui Ion Barbu, ajungându-se la concluzia că poezia lui se întrepătrunde cu simbolurile matematice. Din acest punct de vedere, poezia lui Ion Barbu este caracterizată de criticii literari ca originală şi inedită în literatura română. Poetul şi matematicianul Ion Barbu/ Dan Barbilian este prezentat ca unul dintre cei mai de seamă poeţi moderni români, asociiându-l cu cele mai mari nume ale poeziei româneşti. Ion Barbu urmăreşte trei faze în exprimarea operei lui Barbu: etapa parnasiană, etapa, etapa baladesc-orientală şi etapa ermetică. Având ca punct de pornire analizele deja efectuate ale jocului ca artă poetică făcute de anumiţi cercetători români şi străini, unul dintre principalele obiective este expunerea componentelor ce conturează ideea că jocul nu este doar o temă culturală şi literară, ci şi un mod de existenţă. Literatura însăşi este un joc al timpului şi al spaţiului, al mişcării epice semnificative, al epocilor şi al modelor. Poezia e un joc de cuvinte care creează un spaţiu imaginar, de o complexiatate fascinantă. Viaţa se desfăşoară într-un spaţiu de joc al minţii, într-o lume proprie pe care şi-o creează mintea, o lume în care lucrurile au alt chip decât în viaţa obişnuită şi sunt conectate între ele prin alte legături decât prin cele logice. Jocul este un element atât de inerent naturii poeziei, iar fiecare formă a poeticului pare strâns legată de structura jocului.

Notions of evidentiality and mirativity are related; however there are aspects of each of them which indicate that mirativity is a distinct conceptual category. One issue is how languages encode these categories. The semantic domain of evidentiality refers to the source of knowledge behind assertions. In Brazilian Portuguese, for example, there is no specific category for evidentiality or mirativity, but there is a syntactic construction in one dialect of Brazilian Portuguese that exhibits mirative overtones. The main goal of this paper is to describe that construction, based on a functional semantic approach. Notions of evidentiality and mirativity are related; however there are aspects of each of them which indicate that mirativity is a distinct conceptual category. One issue is how languages encode these categories. The semantic domain of evidentiality refers to the source of knowledge behind assertions. In Brazilian Portuguese, for example, there is no specific category for evidentiality or mirativity, but there is a syntactic construction in one dialect of Brazilian Portuguese that exhibits mirative overtones. The main goal of this paper is to describe that construction, based on a functional semantic approach.

The purpose of this paper is to explore machine learning techniques to forecast the oil price. In the era of big data, we investigate whether new automated tools can improve over traditional approaches in terms of forecast accuracy. Oil price point and density forecasts are built from 23 methods, including regression trees (random forest, quantile regression forest, xgboost), regularization procedures (elastic net, lasso, ridge), standard econometric models and forecast combinations, besides the structural factor model of Schwartz and Smith (2000). The database contains 315 macroeconomic and financial variables, used to build high-dimensional models. To evaluate the predictive power of each method, an extensive pseudo out-of-sample forecasting exercise is built, in monthly and quarterly frequencies, with horizons from one month up to five years. Overall, the results indicate a good performance of the machine learning methods in the short-run. Up to six months, lasso-based models, oil future prices, VECM and the Schwartz–Smith model provide the best forecasts. At longer horizons, forecast combinations also become relevant. In several cases, the accuracy gains in respect to the random walk forecast are statistically significant and reach two-digit figures, in percentage terms, using the R 2 out-of-sample statistic; an expressive achievement compared to the previous literature.

A child learning a language has to figure out what the syntactic, or part-of-speech, categories in her language are and assign words to one or more of them. The question we aim to answer here is how much of this learning can be accomplished through the distributional analysis of utterances. To this end, a reimplementation of Redington, Chater and Finch (1998) computational model was conducted and applied to Brazilian Portuguese input data, obtained from publicly available corpora of both child-directed and adult-to-adult speech. Results from all experiments are presented and discussed. These experiments investigate many variables and aspects involved in this learning task: types of distributional contexts, the number of target and context words, the value of distributional information for different categories, corpus size, etc. A comparison between child-directed speech and adult-to-adult speech is also carried out. In general, our results support Redington et al.’s (1998), although we find some possibly important, and maybe contradictory, differences. We also evaluate the cosine metric, comparing it with performance obtained with the Spearman rank correlation metric used in Redington et al.’s (1998) study. The latter seems to produce better performance. In this paper we focus on a quantitative analysis of our results.

This paper presents a numerical investigation of the aerodynamic flow through airfoils with and without flaps for low Reynolds numbers. A two-dimensional, permanent, viscous model is adopted in the problem. The mass conservation and Navier-Stokes equations are discretized using two numerical methods, the panels method and the finite volume method, using CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) XFLR5® and ANSYS Fluent™ softwares. Initially, the work aims to compare the results obtained in the numerical simulation for different mesh refining with the analytical model available in the literature. Afterwards, it was verified how the pressure fields, velocity, current lines, drag and carry coefficients for symmetrical and asymmetrical airfoils work. Then, which airfoil is the most aerodynamically efficient, and finally, which numerical method is more feasible for two-dimensional and incompressible aerodynamic simulations.