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The commercial aviation sector plays a key role in the economy. In Brazil, the sector was affected by the economic and institutional crisis after 2014. With this scenario, some states have created fiscal incentive policies aimed at fostering the expansion of the air network and local economic development. This article aims to examine the economic impacts of tax changes of the ICMS Tax on aviation kerosene in the states of the South and Southeast. To simulate tax policies, the general computable equilibrium methodology was used, with the theoretical basis of The Enormous Regional Model (TERM). As a result, it was found that the fiscal war was beneficial for the states that applied the reduction of ICMS rates and that the net results of the exemption from taxation in commercial aviation in Brazil were positive, that is, it is noted that the economic development generated by the application of the tax exemption was greater than the negative effects of the reduction of government revenue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to demonstrate and analyze some economic and social effects aggravated by the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. I argue that those effects are the pre-pandemic disastrous political, economic and social consequences of ultraliberal and fascist forces in power. The paper also draws attention to the worsening socio-economic and harmful conditions of this context for the working class, especially for the poorest groups. To make this possible, we have been carrying out documentary and systematic literature reviews since the beginning of the pandemic. The article contributes to broader theoretical debates about the public policy in the Brazilian government's management in facing the CoVid effects, which explains the higher mortality rates and the aggravation of social problems during the current scenario. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After a period focused on macroeconomic stability measures, industrial policies were resumed by Brazil from 2004; however, with conflicts over the forms, they should take. Some theories defend them only to heal market failures, while others understand them as a driving force behind the economy. Both need to meet the challenges faced by the industry in Brazil. Therefore, the purpose of this article was to assess if industrial policies created by Brazil from 2004 to 2018 are aligned with the challenges faced by the industrial sector. The period analyzed portrays the cycle of resumption of industrial policies, starting with the Industrial, Technological, and Foreign Trade Policy (PITCE) in 2004, ending with Route 2030, in the year 2018. The study used the multivariate analysis of clusters (agglomerates) and crosstabs (crossing tables) for 19 industrial sectors, which were grouped in the first year of industrial policies according to the performance observed in their economic factors, such as sales, exports, and innovations, among others. The most representative group was verified, and the challenges faced by them were evaluated, as well as the objectives proposed by industrial policies. The results showed that the national industry problems were considered by a good part of the policies created in the period. It is believed that this research broadens the view on industrial policies, structuring variables called economic factors, with the potential to measure the country's industrial situation and in the direction of policy construction for the industrial sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The outbreak of COVID-19 has spread rapidly worldwide and was triggered on December 31, 2019 in Wuhan, China. From an epidemic stage, it was soon characterized as a pandemic by the WHO. Consequently, it signaled impacts on public health and economic systems. By raising several researches on the disease and its short, medium and long term consequences, this study explores the dynamics of COVID-19 and its socioeconomic reflexes globally, especially the impacts in Brazil, discussing the emergency political arrangements resulting from the pandemic -including the contagion suppression measures- to stimulate future research agendas. Based on a variety of literature, covering several countries and Brazil, the deductive method was used to problematize the factual evidence found, enabling the understanding of economic and social factors underlying this crisis. It faced the need for coordinated and integrated actions at various levels -corporate, community and, in particular, governmental-. It appears that it is still premature to indicate whether coping with the disease will have immediate effects; however, it was evidenced that large economies have been adopting macroeconomic strategies, making the expansion of their currencies more flexible and encouraging the growth by virtual currencies. On the other hand, the uncoordinated actions, especially those of countries in emerging conditions and with a predominant economic base in commodities and highly vulnerable public accounts, as in the case of Brazil, require further investigations regarding future impacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The evolution of the wind energy sector in Brazil is analyzed, coupled to an investigation of public policies and future trends, with special reference to the Brazilian states in the production and commercialization of wind power energy. Regions with great production and a qualitative approach are discussed, forecasting trends for the sector. Due to government programs for the advance of wind power and the mechanisms for energy buying, it has been observed that the northeastern region of Brazil, specifically the states of Rio Grande do Norte and Bahia, concentrates most of the wind power parks in the country. This is due to the government incentives associated with climatic conditions of the regions and wind currents. Trend may be attributed to several possibilities, coupled to endogenic and exogenic factors, foreign stimulated in the amplification of clean energy with climatic and economic factors. Funded by the government, it will become the main source of electric energy through clean and renewable sources which will be able to restructure, in the long term, the consumption chain through its commercial amplitude at accessible prices and production and distribution technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzes the spatial configuration of dairy production in the municipalities of Paraná State, Brazil. As methodology, an Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis - AEDE was used to identify the existence of spatial clusters in the West, Southwest, Eastern Center and North Pioneer mesoregions. This shows that municipalities that have high value of the Gross Value of Production (VBP) of dairy (reais/Km²) in Paraná State are surrounded by municipalities of similar high value of the VBP of dairy (reais/Km²), as well as municipalities with low values. Based on preliminary data from the 2017 Agricultural Census, RAIS and IPARDES, an econometric model, of the Durbin Spatial type (SDM), was estimated, which includes the spatial gap in the gross production value and in the independent variables, in order to identify which, among economic and technical factors, are the determinants of the gross value of milk production. The main results were that technical guidance, productivity, pasture, technical-scientific occupations and electricity are some of the factors that are associated with the gross value of milk production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article compares the available data on religions of Brazilian journalists with general characteristics of religiosity in the population, based on data presented in Brazilian journalist's profile of 2012 and the Brazilian national census of 2010. The objective is to understand if particularities of the religious experience among journalists can have effects on the coverage of this subject. The issue is relevant because of the sociopolitical and economic consequences of recent changes in religiosity in the country. The data indicate three striking differences among journalists: a) more significant presence of non-practitioners and atheists; b) significantly less participation of Catholics and Evangelicals; and c) greater expressiveness of Spiritists and practitioners of religions of African origin. The text raises the hypothesis that these differences, along with other factors, can explain phenomena such as the relative inattention of journalistic coverage to the growth of the neo-Pentecostal population in the country and the generally positive approaches that spiritism received from the media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The milk activity in Brazil is characterized by large disparities in productivity between different regions and between farms. Given this, the present study performs an analysis of milk productivity in the West of Paraná, which also presents great heterogeneity regarding milk activity. Using preliminary data from the 2017 Agricultural Census, provided by Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics -- IBGE, an econometric regression is performed to identify which, among economic and technical factors, are the determinants of dairy productivity. As main results it was observed that the technical orientation is one of the factors that can most impact on the increase of milk productivity, besides a minimum level of education necessary for the property manager. Factors such as producer age and pasture area were not statistically significant and some factors considered important in the literature could not be analyzed due to the nature of the data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this article is to analyze and discuss the impacts related to a technological innovation developed by a public technology institution. To do this it was used a multicriteria/qualitative methodology. This methodology was used in the assessment of an Inmetro's R&D Project that was aimed to develop a certified reference material (CRM) to be used as input to the execution of the Brazilian Dry Law. Two criteria were analyzed: economic and capacitation. The economic impact was defined as low positive and the capacitation impact as medium positive. It was also possible to observe that the R&D project analyzed achieved the objective, mainly due to the fact that Brazil became self-sufficient on the production of the CRM that is used in the calibration of breathalyzers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to analyze scientific publications about clusters and local production arrangements (LPA's) in Brazil from 2000 to 2011. The study was conducted in journals classified by Qualis (Capes) in the areas of Administration, Economics and Engineering, with a total of 80 papers. The analysis made it possible to identify publication characteristics regarding methodological approaches and research methods, the most cited authors, researched clusters and LPA's and the most studied themes. A tendency was verified in recent studies: the use of theoretical approaches with greater emphasis on cooperation. It was observed that empirical research, in general, is restricted to identifying the existence of clusters in given locations and to describing them with basis on the chosen research themes. Therefore, there is an opportunity for advancing the research and for an effective contribution for theory development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2003, the federal government launched the Bolsa Família program that is to financially assist low-income families with the condition that they keep children in school and vaccinated. The main objective of the program is to fight poverty and help build a more just socially country. Recent research shows that the program has brought positive impacts to society, but at the same time, it has a very high cost, which leads many to doubt their real effectiveness. In this paper, we investigate the impact of the program in health and number of hours worked of the Brazilian women. The econometric methods Propensity Score Matching and Heckman show that the program has positive impact on improving health and reducing the number of hours worked of women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to verify if the Brazilian companies' Capex have any contribution to their performance. The Brazilian companies considered were those part of Ibovespa from 1998 to 2007. It is hard to find in the literature studies that investigate how capex affect the companies' performance (LI, 2004). In Brazil, the researches normally analyze the impact on the stock prices based on the information's disclosure through window events technique (ANTUNES; PROCIANOY, 2003; FAMÁ; LUCCHESI, 2005; LYRA; OLINQUEVICTH, 2007; MCCONNELL; MUSCARELLA, 1985). This could be considered a gap in the financial discipline and this study is to reduce this gap. Thus, we employed the panel data technique with a sample of 508 companies. We also adopted the companies' market value and the earnings before interest and taxes (Ebit) as proxys for their performance. The results indicate that the capex has a positive relation to the companies' performance, however, no relation is found considering operational earnings. This suggests that Lyandres, Sun e Zhang (2008) and Titman, Wei e Xie (2004) results did not fit into Brazilian companies since there is no negative relation between capex and the companies' performance. We expect to give helping information to valuation model as well as guidance of quality on management decision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to systematize some reflections about Brazilian radio political economy, starting from a general preamble that will lead in timeline proposal. This is not about the history of radio itself, but the construction of an analysis tool (timeline) absolutely necessary for a correct perspective about the social processes towards the Political Economy of Communication (PEC), which is the theoretical foundation of this text, which relies in historical studies, especially in the classical book of Gisela Ortriwano (1985) and in an article of Luiz Artur Ferraretto (2009), which outlines a well-founded preliminary timeline that I will reconstruct, trying to clarify the cutting points and articulating it to my own timeline of Brazilian television (Bolaño, 2004). This is paper is just the beginning of a work that is restricted basically to the commercial radio and expects to be enriched with other colleagues contribution more directly linked to the studies about radio itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender as possíveis realções entre antecedentes e conseqüências da qualidade do relacionamento, lealdade e um indicador de resultado financeiro (LTR), sobre a pré-disposição de troca entre operadoras de telefonia celular. Com caráter metodológico quantitativo não-probabilístico e método hipotético-dedutivo. O estudo foi realizado com 493 usuários de telefonia celular. A base foi analisada com o uso de equação estrutural e regressão logística. Os resultados permitiram a comprovação parcial do modelo proposto em decorrência das particularidades dos grupos analisados. Foram confirmadas (direta e indiretamente) as premissas de impacto positivo e significante entre Satisfação, Confiança e Comprometimento, e seus antecedentes. Satisfação e Lealdade foram elementos distintivos entre os grupos com menor pré-disposição para troca de operadora. Estes resultados demonstraram algumas particularidades deste mercado, onde a oferta é percebida de forma homogênea pelos consumidores, fato que estimula a alta taxa de troca no Brasil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

O presente trabalho procura explorar, sob a ótica da teoria de portfólio, os efeitos da diversificação dos ativos para os fundos de pensão brasileiros em função de quatro cenários factíveis para taxas de juros reais no Brasil, bem como, identificar as implicações para uma alocação mais eficiente, incluindo ou não investimento no exterior, em função das limitações impostas pela regulamentação em vigor. Os resultados das simulações mostraram que a imposição de limites para alocação não só restringe a fronteira eficiente como a desloca para direita. Logo, a diversificação além dos limites permitidos pela legislação melhora a eficiência da alocação (reduzindo o risco), sendo tal comportamento acentuado com a inclusão de investimentos no exterior. Por fim o trabalho forneceu evidências que, tecnicamente, em qualquer cenário os fundos de pensão brasileiros podem melhorar ainda mais a eficiência na alocação dos recursos; sobretudo no cenário de estabilidade, com taxas de juros reais em torno de 4% ao ano, é imprescindível a alocação em ativos alternativos incluindo investimentos no exterior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IT has transformed the banking industry in recent years, it has become strategic and vital for business. Given this context, the following main objective was to analyze the impact of IT investments in operating income of these banks. The econometric model was based on a Cobb-Douglas production function with three variables, the operating income, IT investments and personnel expenses. Data were extracted from COSIF system, operated by Brazilian Central Bank, and the research covered the period from 1997 to 2008. After the specification of the model, four analysis were conducted on the impact of IT investments: cross section, longitudinal analysis (panel data), comparative analysis of IT investments by domestic and foreign banks, and analysis of the behavior of these investments within the framework of the millennium bug (Y2K) and the implementation of the Brazilian Payment System (SPB). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tubaína is the generic name of a tutti-frutti flavored soft drink, produced by Brazilian industries, with many regional variations. These soft drinks are generally popular, very sweet, with lower price and local brand. This research aimed to describe the economic importance of the Brazilian soft drinks, from the point of view of small and medium manufacturers. What strategies used by these industries to face the big companies competition? How can these companies survive and grow in such a competitive market? The study had three objectives: (1) know and understand the popular soft drink industry, highlighting the participation of regional industries, (2) raise the popular soft drink industries of São Paulo State, highlighting the most relevant cases, (3) analyze prominent cases, relating them to theories of strategy envisaged. We found that the main strategy of small and mid-sized companies is to prioritize and focus their strength in regional markets where their factories are located. Producers invest in production vertical integration, modern equipment similar to those used by large enterprises, and innovation to reduce costs and gain a competitive advantage. Always they try to follow the trends set by big players hit the market. Combining the lower prices and a quality product to the local tradition of consuming these soft drinks, these companies can compete and annoy the major sector's industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to assess the impact of the labor and tax regulations on the internal (gross formation of fixed capital) and external investment (direct foreign investment inward flow). Therefore, empirical evidences for the impacts of the labor and tax legislation on the investments and business strategies in Brazil were collected. Studies in this field are justified by the relevant effect of the regulation on the agents economic activities, since, despite the economic, social, and political reasons are used to justify the regulation, an empirical evidence is seldom applied as a basis or justification for the regulation (ALMEIDA; CARNEIRO, 2005). Focusing on Brazil is significant as it is one of the world's most regulated countries in the labor and tax scope, with low enforcement (BOTERO et al., 2004), the strictness of such legislations may interfere in the companies' poor performance and investments as well as in the country's economic growth. In order to investigate the labor and tax regulation impact on the national and international investments, tests were applied under the Quantile Regression (QR) method. For comparative analysis purposes, the tests were also made under the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method. This is a cross-country study based on pooled cross-section data from 180 countries, gathered from 2003 to 2006 concerning the labor regulation and within the period from 2005 to 2006 concerning the tax regulation. The data with regard to the variables and the national and international investments (dependant variables), as well as the GDP, total inhabitants, and interests rate (control variables), are provided by the World Development Indicators updated in 2008. The results found suggest that the higher the labor regulation strictness, the lower the investment level regarding gross formation of fixed capital and direct foreign investment in Brazil. With regard to the effect of the tax regulation on investments, the results demonstrate that they are statistically relevant and that a reduction in the tax load, measured by the taxation over the business profit, could raise the investment level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

O mercado varejista farmacêutico, que tem gradativamente ocupado um maior espaço no amplo segmento varejista nacional, é caracterizado por um número elevado de pontos de vendas e por uma disputa intensiva de mercado, desenvolvida pelas grandes redes e pelas pequenas farmácias. Estas são a maioria, no universo de 59.000 farmácias no Brasil. A estratégia outrora de considerar a localização como principal fonte de vantagem competitiva, tem sido corroída nesses tempos atuais, e as questões de imagem de loja emergem com possibilidade real de diferenciação para os clientes cada vez mais exigentes. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o impacto da imagem de loja para uma farmácia. Para o desenvolvimento do trabalho, foi escolhida a população de clientes de farmácias de um importante município de Minais Gerais. As amostras coletadas dessa população foram os clientes de uma rede de farmácias desse município e após o tratamento estatístico dos dados amostrais evidenciou-se a importância da imagem de loja para as farmácias. De um total de 30 variáveis de imagem de loja, chegou-se a um conjunto de nove atributos que se aproximaram conceitualmente dos componentes do composto de marketing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cultural and linguistic proximity between Brazilians and Portuguese is evident. Everything is consequence of years of bilateral relations, also of economic order. Amongst these, the tourist active comes detaching, a time that it feeds of all these approaching factors. Especially in some states that detach as receiving of Tourist with Fixed Residence in Portugal (TRFPs), as it is the case of Pernambuco. This work support itself in this reality to look for esteem the economic impacts of this tourist on the state. For in such a way, its expenses had been calculated and distributed amongst the state tourist subsectors, taking in account the geographic distribution, the daily average expenses and the time of permanence. After that, using a inputoutput boarding, the impacts on the production level, the income of the families, the level of job and on the sum of the added value, had been esteem for the state. The results had disclosed an influence superior, for example, to the GDP of important cities of Pernambuco. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research had the goal of identifying the environmental requirements incorporated in furniture clusters and the internal and external factors for the use of those requirements in the product development process. Eighteen micro and small companies from the furniture hub of Itatiba (a city in the Brazilian state of São Paulo) were analyzed according to their adopting environmental requirements in the products life cycle as well as in the PDP (product development process) of custom orders. The data were collected through partly open interviews and on site visitations, by analyzing each activity in the PDP and the environmental requirements linked to them, identifying the people responsible for each activity and, in the end, identifying the factors that motivated the adoption of those requirements. The results show that economic factors still rule the way in which the companies respond to environmental issues, neither by adaption to the laws and regulations or by reducing the production costs. Moreover, the lack of capable professionals in the area of developing sustainable products contributes for making it more difficult to structure the sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main goal of this paper is to evaluate the impact of the exchange rate volatility in price prediction of derivative securities in the Brazilian capital markets using an artificial neural network technique, given the Black & Scholes Model limitations. For this purpose a multiplayer, feedforward neural network, trained by the backpropagation algorithm model, to perform the prediction of the Telemar option prices was developed. The model results show that price estimates are close to the real values, mainly when appended to the exchange rate, confirming that the performance of neural network is superior to other results. The inclusion of the exchange rate in neural networks technique results in a better price forecasting for the options, because the volatility in the price of the underlying asset is caused by temporary arbitrage of quotes among the national and foreign stock markets where the company is listed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The predominant youth culture of today would not be from the future society. In the year 2025 life expectation in Brazil will be 74 years. We have growing impact in the order of areas like social, economic, cultural, politics and health. Ever society will be affected without exceptions. Will would be an aging society. The third sector shouse a strategic importance of the administration of services in the processes of growing old. Due to the flexibility of local actions in the communities having also informational characteristics, global and net. Factors that are yet to be known totally connected to gerontology and the new society that is presented should be the base of studies and proposals of news paradigm in administration of services towards the processes of aging. Services with focus on social and economic impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]