76 results
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2. INFLUÊNCIA DE PAREDES VERDES NO DESEMPENHO TÉRMICO DE HABITAÇÕES SOCIAIS.
- Author
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Resende de Sousa, Luana, de Souza, Henor Artur, and Pinto Gomes, Adriano
- Abstract
Copyright of PARC Pesquisa em Arquitetura e Construção is the property of Universidade Estadual de Campinas - Portal de Periodicos Eletronicos Cientificos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Por que a base de uma mola Slinky em queda fica em repouso?
- Author
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Rodrigues de Melo, Matheus and Peixoto, Paulo
- Subjects
- *
LITERATURE reviews , *COMPUTER simulation , *LEVITATION , *GRAVITY , *SIMULATION methods & models - Abstract
In this paper, we analyze the motion of a falling Slinky, starting from rest and initially suspended from one of its ends. It is well-known that under these conditions, the Slinky moves in an unusual way: its lower end remains at rest until the upper end collides with it - as if gravity were being challenged! We conducted a literature review and identified that the most widely disseminated explanation for this levitation phenomenon of the Slinky's base during the Slinky's fall relies on the concept of information (and does not seem to please many). We show that such a phenomenon can be explained - and reproduced through a computer simulation using a simple model - without the notion that "there is a finite time for the information that the Slinky was released at its top to reach its bottom". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Práticas com Simulações Computacionais para Melhoria de Desempenho para Lidar com Situações de Emergências.
- Author
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Souza Pereira, Dauster, Valdeni De Lima, José, Bastos do Canto Filho, Alberto, Santana Rocha, Paulo, Ribeiro Jardim, Rafaela, Euder dos Santos, Francisco, and Perez da Silva Pereira, Priscilla
- Abstract
Copyright of TE & ET: Revista Iberoamericana de Tecnología en Educación y Educación en Tecnología is the property of School of Computer Science, La Pata University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Influência do Tamanho da Malha em Simulações Numéricas Via Elementos Finitos.
- Author
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Nascimento Arroyo, Felipe, Rocco Lahr, Francisco Antônio, and Luis Christoforo, André
- Subjects
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RESEARCH institutes , *COMPUTER simulation , *SCARCITY - Abstract
New structural systems in civil construction are always emerging, and therefore a performance evaluation is necessary. For this evaluation, laboratory tests are necessary, but, due to the scarcity of research centers, numerical simulations have emerged as an alternative. For better reliability in the results obtained in the simulation, a mesh test is necessary, verifying the influence of the results. In this paper, the analysis of are two main types of mesh (tetrahedral and hexahedral) and several possible discretization sizes, aiming to evaluate the parameters in a numerical simulation of a specimen requested with 3-point static bending. Two mesh types and three sizes (1mm, 5mm and 10mm) were adopted. Through the obtained results, it can be reached that the tetrahedral mesh obtained better results. It was also possible to achieve that the mesh size did not change the results of stresses and displacements in the contour of the part, only influencing the results of stresses in the interior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. REALIDADE VIRTUAL NA REABILITAÇÃO FÍSICA DE PACIENTES COM DOENÇA DE PARKINSON.
- Author
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de Paula Vieira, Gisele, Henriques de Araujo, Daniela Freitas Guerra, Araujo Leite, Marco Antonio, Orsini, Marco, and Correa, Clynton Lourenço
- Subjects
VIRTUAL reality ,COMPUTER simulation ,REHABILITATION ,THERAPEUTICS ,PARKINSON'S disease - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Crescimento e Desenvolvimento Humano is the property of Centro de Estudos de Crescimento e Desenvolvimento do Ser Humano and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. AS CONDIÇÕES AMBIENTAIS DO EDIFÍCIO VILANOVA ARTIGAS, SEDE DA FAUUSP EM SÃO PAULO: ESTUDOS ANALÍTICOS.
- Author
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Soares Gonçalves, Joana Carla, Consentino Kronka Mülfarth, Roberta, Loureiro Xavier Nascimento Michalski, Ranny, Rodrigues Prata Shimomura, Alessandra, de Andrade Roméro, Marcelo, Mitiko Sato Furuyama, Cristiane, Klemke Costa Pinho, Johnny, Gasparelo Lima, Eduardo, Ferrara Carunchio, Claudia, Tavares Segovia, Sylvia, and dos Santos, Karen Daiane
- Abstract
Copyright of PARC Pesquisa em Arquitetura e Construção is the property of Universidade Estadual de Campinas - Portal de Periodicos Eletronicos Cientificos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Um modelo de dinâmica de sistemas para avaliação do reaproveitamento de resíduos eletrônicos na remanufatura de computadores em uma instituição de ensino superior.
- Author
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de Oliveira Simonetto, Eugênio, Putnik, Goran, Oliveira Rodrigues, Glauco, Alves, Cátia, and de Castro, Hélio
- Abstract
Copyright of Exacta is the property of Exacta - Engenharia de Producao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Análise dos tempos entre chegadas de lotes em uma indústria alimentícia.
- Author
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Piratelli, Claudio Luis, Achcar, Jorge Alberto, and Sandrim, Renata Regina
- Subjects
- *
COMPUTER simulation , *WEIBULL distribution , *REGRESSION analysis , *FOOD industry , *MAXIMUM likelihood statistics , *MATHEMATICAL models - Abstract
In general, the identification of probability distributions for time between arrivals and the covariates that affect them, get a superficial treatment in papers on production engineering. The main goal of this paper is to analyze the data on the time between arrivals for batches at the quality control department in a food company. A Weibull distribution, with two parameters, was used in the statistical modeling - a quantitative approach. Scale and shape was estimated by the Maximum Likelihood Method. A regression Weibull model was considered to evaluate inferences for the mean and median times between arrivals and to detect important factors affecting the variability in data sets. Considering some covariates, the Weibull distribution was found to have a good fit for the data. These results allow for a more reliable modeling of the quality control department for discrete event simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
10. Comparação Estatística de Autovalores de um Operador de Schrödinger Perturbado.
- Author
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Artuso, Everton and Marim, Cesar
- Subjects
- *
SCHRODINGER operator , *RANDOM variables , *EIGENVALUES , *COMPUTER simulation , *TEACHING - Abstract
In this paper we introduce Schrödinger's operators in a naive and unpretentious way, but with some precision and didactics. The most studied periodic and random potential types are mentioned and, by numerical simulation, compare the eigenvalues of an operator's truncated matrix with a periodic potential and the same potential disturbed by an evenly distributed continuous random variable. We evaluated the magnitude of the random variable required to produce a significant difference between the eigenvalue sets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Sistema de Medição de Distância Baseado em Visão Computacional Utilizando Laser de Linha.
- Author
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Jesus Rocha, Walber C., Jesus, Samuel R., and Bittencourt, João Carlos N.
- Subjects
COMPUTER vision ,RASPBERRY Pi ,COMPUTER performance ,ERROR rates ,COMPUTER simulation ,AUTOMOTIVE navigation systems - Abstract
Copyright of Computing & System Journal (C&S) / Revista de Sistemas e Computação (RSC) is the property of FACS Servicos Educacionais S.A. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
12. Taste and the regulation of food intake
- Author
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Jorge Guerra Pires
- Subjects
ghrelin ,eating ,taste ,mathematical biology ,computer simulation ,flavor intensifier ,Medicine ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
A modest archetypal of satiation is that it boils down primarily to two categories of signals transmitted from the gastrointestinal tract to the brain: stomach and intestine sensing and metabolism. Novel investigations endow us with the view that an extension of this traditional model is conceivable and called for, wherein intestinal satiation is the byproduct not only from signals related to the caloric content of ingested nutrients, but also from noncaloric properties of ‘tastant molecules’ in foodstuff. On this paper we discuss a recently published paper regarding the impact of tastants (e.g., noncaloric substance widely used as taste enhancers) on hunger and food intake. We gather the in vivo results (nasoduodenal infusions of tastants) with a recently developed mathematical model for ghrelin by the author and co-workers and we successfully replicate in silico part of the findings. The key results from the abovementioned paper and replicated herein is that tastant can inhibit hunger; with different levels of impact, umami being the strongest one, and the union of them being even stronger.
- Published
- 2017
13. Análise do comportamento da demanda com abordagem de cenários simulados no setor automobilístico.
- Author
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de Araujo, Sergio, Corrêa, Valesca Alves, and do Patrocínio Nunes, Luiz Eduardo Nicolini
- Subjects
AUTOMOBILE industry ,CONSUMER behavior ,INDUSTRIAL engineering ,MANUFACTURING processes ,PRODUCTION engineering - Abstract
Copyright of Exacta is the property of Exacta - Engenharia de Producao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. CICLOS DE MODELAGEM: UMA PROPOSTA PARA INTEGRAR ATIVIDADES BASEADAS EM SIMULAÇÕES COMPUTACIONAIS E ATIVIDADES EXPERIMENTAIS NO ENSINO DE FÍSICA.
- Author
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Heidemann, Leonardo Albuquerque, Araujo, Ives Solano, and Veit, Eliane Angela
- Subjects
- *
COMPUTER simulation , *PHYSICS education , *MASTER'S degree , *GRADUATE students - Abstract
In this paper we argue about the use of modeling cycles from David Hestenes' framework as an alternative to guide actions combining computer-based simulations and experimental activities. From a strategy that challenges students to explore the domain of validity of theoretical models and to control a diversity of representation tools, we suggest that the methodology presented here has potential to promote a more coherent conception of Science, in which students perceive its developing as something typically human in which scientists attempt to construct representations of physical phenomena, with varying degree of accuracy and limited context. Finally, we present some possibilities to use the softwares Modellus and Tracker to explore the boundaries of the validity domain of the theoretical model known as simple pendulum during a modeling cycle. Applying with Brazilian students from a professional Master's Degree in Physics Education, the cycles were important to highlight the differences between the theoretical model studied and the empirical phenomena, helping to improve their understanding of the process of scientific modeling. Some practical issues about this proposal implementation and another involving Newton's law of cooling are also discussed in this paper [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. PROPOSTA PARA UTILIZAÇÃO DA SIMULAÇÃO COMPUTACIONAL EM ANÁLISE DE RISCO, AVALIAÇÃO DE DESEMPENHO E SISTEMAS DE GESTÃO AMBIENTAL.
- Author
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Nogueira de SOUZA, Fátima Maria, SILVA, Carlos Eduardo, de AGUIAR, Lais Alencar, and de ALMEIDA, Josimar Ribeiro
- Subjects
COMPUTER simulation ,ENVIRONMENTAL protection ,RISK assessment ,PERFORMANCE evaluation ,ENVIRONMENTAL management - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Ibero-Americana de Ciências Ambientais is the property of CBPC - Companhia Brasileira de Producao Cientifica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. EFEITOS ESPECIAIS EM COMPUTAÇÃO GRÁFICA--MORPHING.
- Author
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Malacrida dos Santos, Breno and Artero, Almir Olivette
- Subjects
COMPUTER graphics ,MORPHING (Computer animation) ,SPECIAL effects (Television) ,SPECIAL effects (Motion pictures) ,COMPUTER simulation ,DIGITAL image processing - Abstract
Copyright of Colloquium Exactarum is the property of Asociacao Prudentina de Educacao e Cultura (APEC) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Simulador de Oscilações Mecânicas.
- Author
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da Silva, Adilson Costa and Helayël Neto, José Abdalla
- Subjects
- *
MECHANICAL oscillations , *COMPUTER simulation , *ACCELERATION (Mechanics) - Abstract
We have recently developed a software to simulate a given physical phenomenon, without the need of knowing its corresponding equation of motion. This procedure is actually intended to illustrate the behavior of dynamical variables of interest, such as position, velocity, acceleration and energy. In our work, we present analytical solutions for each case under consideration; numerical solutions carried out by means of the finite difference method are presented as well. The harmonic oscillator is a moving periodical system, with a well-defined equilibrium position. We shall here present an overview of the general problem to be solved and a number of special cases shall be worked out in details. As one of the purposes of this article is to encourage readers to use numerical approaches to inspect physical problems, we shall discuss in a simple and direct way the numerical solutions of a mechanical oscillator. We also contemplate the behavior of the energy function and point out under which particular situations it is conserved. To validate the numerical method implemented in our paper, we compare the analytical solutions we derive with the results obtained by numerical computations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. SIMULAÇÃO NUMÉRICA DAS TENSÕES RESIDUAIS GERADAS NO PROCESSO DE TREFILAÇÃO PARA DIFERENTES PARÂMETROS DE PROCESSO.
- Author
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Zottis, Juliana, Soares, Carla Adriana Theis, Pavlak, Rafael Paini, de Souza, Tomaz Fantin, Dias, Vinicius Waechter, and da Silva Rocha, Alexandre
- Subjects
- *
COMPUTER simulation , *RESIDUAL stresses , *ELECTRIC distortion , *STEEL bars , *LUBRICATION & lubricants , *STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics) - Abstract
The drawing process of steel bars is usually used to check better dimensional accuracy and mechanical properties to the material. In the other hand, the major concern found in manufacturing axes through this process is the appearance of distortion of shape. Such distortions are directly linked to the accumulation of residual stresses generated during the processes. As a result, this paper aims to study the influence of process parameters such as shape of puller, speed and lubrication used in wire drawing analyzing the accumulation of residual stress after the process. The stress analysis was performed by FEM being used two simulation software: Simufact.formingGP®and DeformTM. Through these analyzes, it was found that the shape of how the bar is pulled causes a reduction of up to 100 MPa in residual stresses in the center of the bar, which represents an important factor in the study of the possible causes of the distortion. As well as factors speed and homogeneity of lubrication significantly altered the profile of residual stresses in the bar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Uso da simulação computacional com o mapeamento do fluxo de valor para auxiliar na tomada de decisão.
- Author
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de Oliveira, Ricardo Becker Mendes, Corrêa, Valesca Alves, and do Patrocínio Nunes, Luiz Eduardo Nicolini
- Subjects
COMPUTER simulation ,DECISION making ,NEW product development ,RAPID prototyping ,PRODUCT management - Abstract
Copyright of Exacta is the property of Exacta - Engenharia de Producao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. LABORATÓRIO VIRTUAL DE FÍSICA MODERNA: ATENUAÇÃO DA RADIAÇÃO PELA MATÉRIA.
- Author
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da Silva, Nelson Canzian
- Subjects
- *
COMPUTER simulation , *DISTANCE education , *DETECTORS , *BUILDINGS , *STANDARDS - Abstract
This paper describes how was implemented a computer simulation of an ionizing radiation detection system similar to those found in traditional modern Physics laboratories. The simulation models a system with a 'source' of photons of arbitrarily chosen energies, a 'detector' that behaves like a Geiger-Müller detector and the effect of different attenuating materials with variable thickness inserted between the source and the detector. Details of the calculation of the radiation attenuation using data from the United States National Institutes of Standards and Technology (NIST) database are presented, and employed to explore characteristics of the radiation interaction with matter, from cross sections to statistical fluctuations. Examples and suggestions of exploratory activities are also presented. The simulation was used with two groups of about undergraduate students from a distance learning Physics course at UFSC in the beginning of 2011, along with the execution of the real experiment. Throughout the text, comments on the motivations and problems of using simulations in this context are discussed. Finally, it is discussed how this work relates to the main goals of introductory Physics laboratories, according to an American Physical Society Committee specifically created to evaluate that. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. UM JEITO DE FAZER HIPERMÍDIA PARA O ENSINO DE FÍSICA.
- Author
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Silva, Tatiana da
- Subjects
- *
TEACHING aids , *PHYSICS education , *COMPUTER assisted instruction , *HYPERMEDIA , *COMPUTER simulation , *ANIMATION (Cinematography) - Abstract
In this paper, we present the theoretical and methodological basis of the preparation and production of teaching materials supported by computer resources such as animations, simulations, games and virtual labs, for use in teaching physics. The materials were built with hypermedia resources, joining the concepts of nonlinearity, hypertext and multimedia (animations, simulations, sound) in one language. The hypermedia concept adopted states it is a means to an end, a language and an audiovisual product enabling the association with the concept of learning object which allows the creation of digital materials with different granularities ranging from one activity to a full course. If the courseware is created with this concern, it can be used in different learning environments under different platforms, and provide a basis for the evaluation of its use in different teaching situations. The topics discussed (animations, simulations, games and virtual labs) are part of content in high school and in the disciplines of basic physics of higher education. The materials are available on an open page on the Internet (HTTP://www.fsc.ufsc.br/~tati/webfisica/index.html) and some of them can also be accessed from the MEC's database of educational objects [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. AMBIENTES DE MODELAGEM COMPUTACIONAL NO APRENDIZADO EXPLORATÓRIO DE FÍSICA.
- Author
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Ferracioli, Laércio, Gomes, Thieberson, Camiletti, Giuseppi Gava, Almeida da Silva, Rodrigo Marques, Mulinari, Mara Hombre, De Oliveira, Rafael Rodrigues, Morelato Marin, Francis Carlos, Fehsenfeld, Kathia Mariane, and Verbeno, Carlos Henrique
- Subjects
- *
SCIENCE education , *COMPUTER simulation , *COMPUTER engineering , *COMPUTER assisted instruction , *PHYSICS education , *EDUCATION - Abstract
This paper presents, initially, different frameworks about the interface Technology and Science into the educational context, followed by the report of three independent experiences related to the study of the use of computer modelling in Science teaching. These experiences, focusing on knowledge, not on technology, happened in a specific moment when the striking advance of computer technology brought computers into classrooms. Subsequently, it is presented a report about the development of a research program about the infusion of computer environments in Physics teaching based on the use of quantitative, semi-quantitative and qualitative computer modelling environment into the Brazilian context [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. UMA ABORDAGEM CONCEITUAL E FENOMENOLÓGICA DOS POSTULADOS DA FÍSICA QUÂNTICA.
- Author
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De Pereira, Alexsandro Pereira, Pessoa Jr., Osvaldo, Holanda Cavalcanti, Cláudio José de, and Ostermann, Fernanda
- Subjects
- *
AXIOMS , *QUANTUM mechanics , *COMPUTER simulation , *INTERFEROMETERS , *MATHEMATICAL formulas - Abstract
In this paper, we present a discussion on the postulates of Quantum Mechanics by means of a "translation" of the mathematical formalism to an "operational" language, which involves a conceptual and phenomenological discussion. The operational postulates are illustrated by focusing on a computer simulation of Mach-Zehnder's interferometer [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DO MÉTODO DE ENSINO PEER INSTRUCTION COM O AUXÍLIO DOS COMPUTADORES DO PROJETO "UCA" EM AULAS DE FÍSICA DO ENSINO MÉDIO.
- Author
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Müller, Maykon Gonçalves, Brandão, Rafael Vasques, Araujo, Ives Solano, and Veit, Eliane Angela
- Subjects
- *
PEER teaching , *COMPUTERS in education , *HIGH school students , *ELECTROMAGNETISM , *STOCHASTIC convergence , *PROBLEM solving , *COMPUTER simulation - Abstract
This paper presents results of an exploratory case study which the main objectives were to: evaluate the receptivity of the students regarding the Peer Instruction (PI) method and the use of computers of the UCA project (Brazilian version of the project One Laptop per Child); investigate if the discussion between colleagues promotes the convergence to the correct answer in concept tests, as it has been pointed in literature; and investigate the viability of using the UCA computers as a voting system to the methodology. The study was conducted in a class of 34 students in the third year of a Federal Public High School over an instructional sequence on topics of Electromagnetism. In this study we observed that the discussion among colleagues proved fruitful, allowing the participation of students and leading to the convergence to the correct answer. We conclude that this methodology can be successfully implemented in the context of a High School classroom using the UCAs as a voting system, given the conditions of infrastructure to use them for the duration of a lesson (e.g. charging of the batteries). It should be emphasized that the adoption of PI can be done in a complementary manner to the activities of problem solving, experimental work and/or computer simulation, aimed at teaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. FÍSICA PARA O ENSINO MÉDIO USANDO SIMULAÇÕES E EXPERIMENTOS DE BAIXO CUSTO: UM EXEMPLO ABORDANDO DINÂMICA DA ROTAÇÃO.
- Author
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Duarte, Sergio Eduardo
- Subjects
- *
EDUCATION research laboratories , *COMPUTER simulation , *COMPUTER assisted instruction , *PHYSICS education (Secondary) , *CLASSROOM activities , *EDUCATIONAL technology - Abstract
The low cost experiments represent an alternative to the lack of laboratories in schools, as well as being a way on with we can conduct the students to Science through the use of materials easily obtainable and available in their daily lives. The use of videos and simulations in support of the teaching-learning process in High School Physics courses, is also a useful tool for students to understand Science as a form of representation of natural phenomena. It is common to these students the idea that Science is purely abstract and detached from reality, because they are based on situations, almost always ideal, that arise in the exercises in Physics. The process of moving from concrete to abstract is often forgotten, as it is only presented to the student the abstract piece. This paper aims at analyzing the process of teaching and learning in a Physics class with the use of those resources in a bundle, addressing a theme often omitted from school textbooks: the dynamics of rotation. We present an experimental kit designed and produced by us, as well as a software, of our own, and make several suggestions for joint implementation of these two elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Modelação numérica da abertura e fecho de uma embocadura artificial (Lagoa de Santo André, Portugal).
- Author
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Nahon, Alphonse, Fortunato, André B., Bertin, Xavier, Pires, Ana Rita, Oliveira, Anabela, da Conceição Freitas, Maria, and Andrade, César
- Subjects
LAGOONS ,INLETS ,NUMERICAL analysis ,COMPUTER simulation ,ENERGY dissipation - Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Integrated Coastal Zone Management / Revista de Gestão Costeira Integrada is the property of Associacao Portuguesa dos Recursos Hidricos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. PROLOG-CC: Um Sistema Pericial Difuso Aplicado à Ciência do Solo.
- Author
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Siqueira, Jucilene M. and Rocio, Vitor
- Subjects
FUZZY expert systems ,SOIL science ,ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,EXPERT systems ,LOGIC programming ,COMPUTER simulation ,PROTOTYPES ,BIOLOGICAL systems - Abstract
Copyright of Revista de Ciências da Computação is the property of Universidade Aberta and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2010
28. Modelagem e simulação da oclusão dentária
- Author
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Souza, Jonas Gabriel de, Marta Becker Villamil, and Villamil, Marta Becker
- Subjects
Dental Occlusion ,Computer graphics ,Simulação computacional ,Collision Detection ,Oclusão dentária ,Computação Gráfica ,Ciências Exatas e da Terra::Ciência da Computação [ACCNPQ] ,Computer simulation ,Detecção de Colisão - Abstract
Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2019-11-07T16:49:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Jonas Gabriel de Souza_.pdf: 2306017 bytes, checksum: f950c1f0fc6031990598248fa492fdbb (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2019-11-07T16:49:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jonas Gabriel de Souza_.pdf: 2306017 bytes, checksum: f950c1f0fc6031990598248fa492fdbb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-04-25 Nenhuma A má oclusão dentária pode resultar em danos em todo sistema estomatognático e seu estudo permite inferir os dados necessários para que se alcance o sucesso nos tratamentos médicos e/ou odontológicos (cirúrgicos ou não), na estabilidade oclusal e na harmonia orofacial. Este trabalho apresenta um modelo para simular e analisar informações relevantes ao processo de oclusão dentária e suas implicações. As simulações são realizadas a partir de dados reais morfológicos extraídos de pacientes e simulações da função mandibular. Os resultados obtidos fornecem informações relevantes como a distribuição espacial e temporal das colisões dentárias nas arcadas inferior e superior e a orientação do plano médio destas colisões em relação ao plano oclusal. A visualização das colisões dentárias é apresentada em forma de mapa de calor e por distribuição em quadrantes dentários permitindo a observação de indicadores individualizados e métricas comparativas para a compreensão do fenômeno. Dental malocclusion can result in damage to the entire stomatognathic system. Its study allows professionals to infer the necessary data to achieve success in medical and/or dental treatments (surgical or otherwise), occlusal stability and orofacial harmony. This paper presents a model to simulate and analyze information relevant to the dental occlusion process and its implications. The simulations are performed based on real morphological data from patients and simulations of the mandibular function. The results of this paper provide relevant information such as the spatial and temporal distribution of dental collisions in the lower and upper arches and the orientation of the median plane of these collisions in relation to the occlusal plane. The visualization of the dental collisions is presented in the form of a heat map and by distribution in dental quadrants, which allows the observation of individualized indicators and comparative metrics for the understanding of the phenomenon.
- Published
- 2019
29. COMPUTER SIMULATIONS IN METAPHYSICS: POSSIBILITIES AND LIMITATIONS
- Author
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BILLY WHEELER
- Subjects
Computer modeling ,Computer simulation ,Methods in metaphysics ,Humean Supervenience ,Nomic Necessity ,Logic ,BC1-199 ,Philosophy (General) ,B1-5802 - Abstract
Abstract Computer models and simulations have provided enormous benefits to researchers in the natural and social sciences, as well as many areas of philosophy. However, to date, there has been little attempt to use computer models in the development and evaluation of metaphysical theories. This is a shame, as there are good reasons for believing that metaphysics could benefit just as much from this practice as other disciplines. In this paper I assess the possibilities and limitations of using computer models in metaphysics. I outline the way in which different kinds of model could be useful for different areas of metaphysics, and I illustrate in more detail how agent-based models specifically could be used to model two well-known theories of laws: David Lewis’s "Best System Account" and David Armstrong's "Nomic Necessitation" view. Some logically possible processes cannot be simulated on a standard computing device. I finish by assessing how much of a threat this is to the prospect of metaphysical modeling in general.
- Published
- 2019
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30. Proposição do índice 'fração vegetada' e sua relação com alterações na temperatura do ar e no conforto térmico no período diurno e em situação de verão para Curitiba
- Author
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Minella, Flavia Cristina Osaku and Krüger, Eduardo Leite
- Subjects
Simulação computacional ,Green areas ,Conforto térmico ,Índice "fração vegetada" ,Thermal comfort ,Computer simulation ,"Vegetated fraction" index ,Áreas verdes - Abstract
Resumo O artigo avalia o impacto da inserção de áreas verdes na diminuição do estresse térmico do pedestre em dias com desconforto por calor. Está focado em duas importantes ações voltadas à mobilidade urbana que consideraram a inserção de vegetação como estratégia de requalificação da paisagem urbana, em Curitiba: (1) o projeto para a implantação do primeiro metrô do Estado do Paraná e (2) a transformação da antiga Rodovia Federal BR-116 em via urbana. Considerando recortes urbanos relacionados a tais projetos como áreas de estudo (Sete de Setembro e Linha Verde), o objetivo da pesquisa é propor um índice que indique a cobertura vegetal necessária para haver reduções na temperatura do ar na escala do pedestre, considerando o período diurno em situação de verão. Adicionalmente, analisa-se o impacto no conforto térmico, por meio do universal thermal climate index (UTCI). Para isso, foram utilizadas medições em campo para a coleta de dados microclimáticos, bem como simulações computacionais com a ferramenta ENVI-met. Os resultados apontam que seria necessário um aumento de cerca de 70% de cobertura vegetal para uma redução de 1°C na temperatura ambiente média da área estudada, o que indica o potencial de resfriamento de áreas vegetadas em situações urbanas. Abstract This paper analyses the impact of the introduction of green areas on the reduction of pedestrian heat stress in days with heat discomfort. The paper focuses on two relevant urban mobility initiatives that use greenery enhancement as a strategy for the requalification of urban environments in Curitiba: (1) the proposal of the first underground railway system in the state and (2) the transformation of an interstate highway into an urban avenue. Segments of such projects are evaluated as study areas (Sete de Setembro and Linha Verde) with the aim of proposing an index that estimates the vegetation cover needed to promote air temperature drops at the pedestrian scale during daytime in summer. Additionally, the study analyses the impact on thermal comfort through the universal thermal climate index (UTCI). For that purpose, we carried out a field study where we monitored relevant meteorological data, as well as computer simulations using the ENVI-met model. Results suggest that an increase of 70% in vegetated fraction would be needed to offset 1°C in mean ambient temperature in the area analysed, which represents the cooling potential of vegetation fractions in urban conditions.
- Published
- 2017
31. PROTOTIPAGEM DE TURBINA MALHA COM SISTEMA DE CONTROLE DE JATO.
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SAZONOV, Yu. A., MOKHOV, M. A., TUMANYAN, Kh. A., FRANKOV, M. A., and BALAKA, N. N.
- Subjects
COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics ,GRANULAR flow ,OIL fields ,GAS fields ,COMPUTER simulation ,JET engines - Abstract
Copyright of Periódico Tchê Química is the property of Grupo Tche Quimica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
32. An expand proposal on cost-volume-profit analysis by sensitivity analysis and scenarios/Uma proposta de ampliacao na analise custo-volume-lucro por meio das analises de sensibilidade e de cenarios
- Author
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de Lima, Jose Donizetti, Ferro, Wilian Assmann, Bortoluzzi, Sandro Cesar, Southier, Luiz Fernando Puttow, and Batistus, Dayse Regina
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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33. Modelo de simulação para análise de processos de aeroporto de médio porte
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Ribeiro, Hugo Alves Silva and Fernandes, Flavio Cesar Faria
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Simulação por computador ,Simulação computacional ,Airport processes ,Aeroportos ,Simulação de eventos discretos ,ENGENHARIA DE PRODUCAO [ENGENHARIAS] ,Processos aeroportuários ,Discrete event simulation ,Teoria das filas ,Filas ,Queues ,Computer simulation ,Planejamento da produção - Abstract
Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos This paper aims to diagnose the passenger boarding and landing processes of the Uberlândia airport using the mapping process and computer simulation. The paper presents a review of literature about the airport sector, techniques of mapping process, data collection, queue management and computer simulation. The objective is to analyze each subsystem used by the passenger during their boarding and landing, from the vehicle access areas and check- in counters until the departure lounge and the receipt of baggage. In conclusion, alternatives are proposals to reduce the total time of the passengers in queues, contributing to a possible improvement project for the airport. O presente trabalho tem como proposta diagnosticar os processos de embarque e desembarque de passageiros no aeroporto de Uberlândia por meio do uso do mapeamento de processo e da simulação computacional. O trabalho apresenta uma revisão da literatura acerca do setor aeroportuário, técnicas de mapeamento de processos, coleta de dados, gestão de filas e simulação computacional. O objetivo é analisar cada subsistema utilizado pelo passageiro durante seu embarque e desembarque, desde as áreas de acesso de veículos e de balcões de check-in até as áreas de embarque e de recebimento de bagagens. Como conclusão são propostas alternativas capazes de reduzir o tempo total dos passageiros em filas, contribuindo para um possível projeto de melhoria para o aeroporto.
- Published
- 2015
34. Experiences with a Socio-Environmental Modeling Course
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Pedro Ribeiro Andrade, Gilberto Camara, Raian V. Maretto, Antonio Miguel V. Monteiro, Tiago G. S. Carneiro, and Flavia F. Feitosa
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Modeling paradigms ,Computer simulation ,System dynamics ,Cellular automata ,Agent-based modeling ,TerraME ,Education (General) ,L7-991 - Abstract
In a social-environmental modeling course, students need to learn complementary skills that include the conceptualisation of a model, different modeling paradigms, computer pro- gramming, and the process of rigorously converting ideas and data into a computational program using a given toolkit. Such topics need to be taught in parallel in order to keep a heterogeneous audience motivated. Based on the experience with multidisciplinary au- diences, this paper describes a socio-environmental modeling course that explores three modeling paradigms: System dynamics, Cellular automata, and Agent-based modeling. We also present a small tutorial with some examples developed for the course.
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- 2015
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35. Física de plasma espacial utilizando simulação computacional de partículas
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Simões Jr, F.J.R., Costa Jr, E., Alves, M.V., and Cardoso, F.R.
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plasmas espaciais ,códigos PIC ,simulação computacional ,space plasmas ,PIC codes ,Computer simulation - Abstract
Neste artigo convidamos os leitores a descobrir o mundo dos "experimentos computacionais" (ou simulações computacionais) para plasma espacial. O experimento computacional é semelhante ao experimento tradicional realizado em laboratório. Ele não é, e não será capaz de solucionar todos os problemas físicos que permanecem incompreendidos, mas fornece uma poderosa ferramenta para auxiliar os físicos (cientistas) a buscar soluções dos mesmos. Apresentamos neste trabalho algumas características das simulações computacionais e exemplos onde estas simulações podem ser aplicadas. Para uma melhor compreensão é recomendável que o leitor tenha conhecimentos básicos em física de plasmas e eletromagnetismo, uma vez que utilizamos estes conhecimentos para desenvolver este trabalho. In this paper we invite the readers to discover the world of "computational experiments" (or computer simulation) of space plasmas. The computational experiment is similar to those traditionally made in laboratory. It is not purpose to solve all the physical problems that remain misunderstood, but provides a powerful tool to help physicists (scientists) in the search of their solution. We present some characteristics of computer simulations and examples where these simulations can be applied. For a better understanding of this paper it is recommended that the reader have a basic knowledge in plasma physics and electromagnetism, since we use these concepts to develop this work.
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- 2011
36. Biomedical Simulation: Evolution, Concepts, Challenges and Future Trends
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Carla Sá-Couto, Luís Patrão, Francisco Maio-Matos, and José Miguel Pêgo
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Clinical Competence ,Computer Simulation ,Education ,Medical/methods ,Patient Safety ,Patient Simulation ,Medicine ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Biomedical simulation is an effective educational complement for healthcare training, both at undergraduate and postgraduate level. It enables knowledge, skills and attitudes to be acquired in a safe, educationally orientated and efficient manner. In this context, simulation provides skills and experience that facilitate the transfer of cognitive, psychomotor and proper communication competences, thus changing behavior and attitudes, and ultimately improving patient safety. Beyond the impact on individual and team performance, simulation provides an opportunity to study organizational failures and improve system performance. Over the last decades, simulation in healthcare had a slow but steady growth, with a visible maturation in the last ten years. The simulation community must continue to provide the core leadership in developing standards. There is a need for strategies and policy development to ensure its coordinated and cost-effective implementation, applied to patient safety. This paper reviews the evolutionary movements of biomedical simulation, including a review of the Portuguese initiatives and nationwide programs. For leveling knowledge and standardize terminology, basic but essential concepts in clinical simulation, together with some considerations on assessment, validation and reliability are presented. The final sections discuss the current challenges and future initiatives and strategies, crucial for the integration of simulation programs in the greater movement toward patient safety.
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- 2016
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37. Simulação computacional de ambientes históricos : procedimentos metodológicos para estudo de caso na Praça Dante Alighieri e no entorno imediato
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Antoniazzi, Asdrubal and Cattani, Airton
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Simulação computacional ,Patrimônio arquitetônico ,Entorno urbano ,Digital rebuilding ,Imagem digital [Computacao grafica] ,Modelagem arquitetonica ,Computer simulation ,Praça Dante Alighieri (Caxias do Sul, RS) ,Tridimensional modeling ,Historic environments - Abstract
A Simulação Computacional de Ambientes Históricos constitui um novo campo de conhecimento, que vem atuando como uma importante ferramenta à representação do passado e presente das cidades, contribuindo na compreensão de sua evolução histórica e no seu planejamento. Visando a despertar a sensibilidade em reconhecer e valorizar o produto arquitetônico histórico e seus elementos, bem como construir um olhar diferenciado sobre o futuro da cidade, esta dissertação reforça e traz à realidade o discurso que encara o passado e o presente não mais em épocas distintas, mas em uma "conversa" simultânea de muito respeito e consideração. O objetivo deste trabalho é sistematizar procedimentos metodológicos adequados, por meio do uso de programas computacionais, para a simulação do Patrimônio Histórico Arquitetônico. O trabalho inicia apontando dificuldades de manutenção e recuperação de edifícios históricos, fruto da falta de uma cultura que valorize esse patrimônio, sugerindo sua simulação virtual, como forma de contribuição para seu resgate e sua conseqüente valorização na memória coletiva. No segundo momento, é feita uma revisão do tema em exemplos produzidos em contextos semelhantes, para, depois, testar uma metodologia de reconstituição virtual no objeto de estudo escolhido, situado na praça Dante Alighieri, em Caxias do Sul. Resultado de diversas análises de aplicações, potencialidades e limites, contando com o auxílio da restituição fotogramétrica e de diversos programas de computação gráfica, a metodologia proposta percorre um caminho que começa com a busca e seleção da foto de época, e termina com a produção de modelos geométricos tridimensionais, com vistas ao desenvolvimento de futuros trabalhos de reprodução digital de todo o entorno da Praça em suas diferentes fases, ao longo da História. Esses procedimentos metodológicos buscaram a documentação não apenas de suas formas arquitetônicas, mas do processo de trabalho adotado, constatando além da viabilidade do método, como o potencial que os recursos da simulação computacional de ambientes históricos apresenta, tanto nos aspectos educativos quanto na valorização do patrimônio arquitetônico existente nas cidades. The Computer Simulation of Historic Environments composes a new field of knowledge which has been acting as an important tool in representing the past and the present of the cities, contributing to the understanding of the historical evolution and its planning. Aiming to awaken sensitivity in recognizing and valuing the architectural historical product and its elements as well as build up a different look over the future of the city, this dissertation reinforces and brings to reality the speech that faces past and present not in distinct times anymore, but in a simultaneous "talk" filled with respect and consideration. The objective of this paper is to systematize proper methodological procedures, using computer programs to simulate the Architectural Historical Heritage. The paper starts pointing out difficulties in maintaining and recovering historical buildings, results of lack of a culture that values this heritage, suggesting its virtual simulation as a way of contribution to the rescue and consequent valorization in collective memory. In a second moment, a review of the theme in examples produced in similar contexts to later test a methodology of virtual reconstitution in the chosen object of study located at Dante Alighieri Square in Caxias do Sul. As a result of several analysis of applications, potentialities and limits, and with the help of photogrammetric restitution as well of several programs of graphic computing, the proposed methodology starts with the search and selection of the picture of the time, and ends with the production of its virtual tridimensional image, aiming the development of future works of virtual reproduction of the surroundings of the Square in its different phases along the History. These methodological procedures aimed the documentation not only of their architectural forms but also of the work process adopted evidencing both the feasibility of the method and the potential that the computer simulation of historical settings presents in educational aspects and in the valorization of the architectural heritage of the cities.
- Published
- 2009
38. As condições ambientais do edifício Vilanova Artigas, sede da FAUUSP em São Paulo: estudos analíticos
- Author
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Gonçalves, Joana Carla Soares, Mülfarth , Roberta Consentino Kronka, Michalski, Ranny Loureiro Xavier Nascimento, Shimomura , Alessandra Rodrigues Prata, Roméro, Marcelo de Andrade, Furuyama, Cristiane Mitiko Sato, Pinho, Johnny Klemke Costa, Lima, Eduardo Gasparelo, Carunchio , Claudia Ferrara, Segovia , Sylvia Tavares, and Santos, Karen Daiane dos
- Subjects
Zenithal daylight ,Simulação computacional ,Natural ventilation ,Ventilação natural ,Computer simulation ,Desempenho ambiental ,Iluminação zenital ,Arquitetura paulista ,Environmental performance ,Paulista architecture - Abstract
The building of the School of Architecture and Urbanism of the University of São Paulo (FAUUSP), in the city of São Paulo, inaugurated in 1969 and listed in 1982, is a landmark of the São Paulo School of Modern Architecture, expressing a synthesis between structure, space and environment. The 40% translucid roof area raises questions about the impact of incident solar radiation during the warmest period of the year upon internal spaces' thermal and daylight conditions. This paper presents technical work, including thermal and daylighting studies focusing on the studio spaces and classrooms, examining the improvements brought by the refurbishment of the roof in 2014, in which the domos were replaced. The environmental assessment included analytical studies carried out for the refurbishment project. Among the results, it was noted that the glare associated with the original design was eliminated with the new skylight of milky acrylic, creating a homogeneous lighting environment under the big roof. On the other hand, the uncomfortable thermal conditions were ameliorated by reducing peak internal temperatures by 4 °C on a warm day due to higher ventilation rates achieved with the lifted skylights. However, the discomfort was not eliminated since peak temperatures reach 30 °C during the year's warmest days. O edifício da Faculdade de Arquitetura e Urbanismo da Universidade de São Paulo (FAUUSP), na cidade de São Paulo, inaugurado em 1969 e tombado em 1982, é um marco da Escola Paulista de Arquitetura Moderna, expressando uma síntese entre estrutura, espaço e ambiente. A área de 40% de cobertura translúcida levanta questionamentos sobre o impacto da radiação solar incidente, durante o período mais quente do ano, nas condições luminosas e térmicas do interior. São apresentados neste artigo estudos de investigação técnica sobre as questões térmicas e de iluminação natural, com foco nos espaços dos estúdios e salas de aula, examinando os efeitos promovidos pela reforma da cobertura de 2014, que promoveu a troca dos domos. As análises de desempenho incluíram estudos analíticos realizados para o projeto da reforma. Dentre os resultados, viu-se que os ofuscamentos inerentes ao projeto original foram eliminados com o novo fechamento em acrílico leitoso, criando um ambiente luminoso homogêneo, sob a grande cobertura. Já as condições térmicas foram amenizadas com a redução de temperaturas internas máximas em 4 oC em um dia quente, devido ao aumento da ventilação alcançado com o levantamento das claraboias, porém o desconforto não foi eliminado, uma vez que as temperaturas máximas atingem por volta de 30 °C nos períodos mais quentes do ano.
- Published
- 2022
39. PATAGONIA: DEL PRESENTE ETNOGRÁFICO AL PASADO ARQUEOLÓGICO (Patagonia: from the ethnographic present to the archaeological past)
- Author
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Arturo Sáez, Eduardo Moreno, Laura Mameli, M.ª Florencia del Castillo, and Juan A. Barceló
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etnicidad ,patagonia ,cazadores-recolectores ,simulacion computacional ,arqueologia del lenguaje ,ethnicity ,hunter-gatherers ,computer simulation ,archaeology of language ,Prehistoric archaeology ,GN700-890 ,Archaeology ,CC1-960 - Abstract
En este trabajo se analizan los principales argumentos utilizados desde diferentes perspectivas paleo-biológicas, paleo-lingüísticas, arqueológicas y antropológicas para explicar la diversidad y la conformación étnica de las poblaciones indígenas en Patagonia, tanto en el presente como en el pasado. Entendemos que una revisión conjunta y crítica de los supuestos disciplinares, sobre los cuales se continúa trabajando, permitirá observar e identificar los patrones que emergen del registro histórico, concernientes a la expresión de la variabilidad social patagónica. De igual modo, se propone una reflexión sobre las posibles proyecciones que plantea esta crítica hacia la exploración y la formulación de nuevas preguntas sobre el registro arqueológico. ENGLISH: This paper analyzes some of the main arguments from paleobiology, paleolinguistics, archaeology and anthropology to explain diversity and ethnic organization in the indigenous communities of Patagonia, both in the present and past. We believe that a critical review of the main assumptions from all these disciplines will allow us to observe and identify patterns emerging from the historical record of the expression of Patagonian social variability. Likewise, we suggest a new way of exploring the archaeological record rooted in critical theory.
- Published
- 2011
40. Is pertussis actually reemerging? Insights from an individual-based model A coqueluche realmente está reermegindo? Reflexões a partir de um modelo baseado no indivíduo
- Author
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Cláudia Torres Codeço and Paula Mendes Luz
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Coqueluche ,Vacina de Coqueluche ,Simulação por Computador ,Whooping Cough ,Pertussis Vaccine ,Computer Simulation ,Medicine ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
In this paper, we introduce a spatially explicit, individual-based model developed to simulate the dynamics of pertussis in a small population. With this simulation approach, complex epidemic systems can be built using information on parasite population structure (strain diversity, virulence diversity, etc.), human population structure (individual risk, age structure, interaction matrices, immune response, etc.), as well as mechanisms of evolution and learning. We parameterized our model to describe pertussis in an age-structured community. Pertussis or whooping cough is an acute infection of the respiratory tract caused by Bordetella pertussis. Despite wide-scale vaccination in many countries, this disease is reemerging throughout the world in both adults and children. Emergence has been explained by many factors: wane of vaccine and natural immunity, increase of asymptomatic carriers, and/or natural selection of non-vaccine strains. Here, we model these hypotheses and analyze their potential impact on the observed increase of pertussis notification.Neste trabalho, nós apresentamos um modelo de indivíduos, cuja representação espacial é explícita, para simular a dinâmica da coqueluche numa pequena população. Utilizando esta abordagem de simulação, podemos construir modelos complexos utilizando informações sobre a estrutura populacional dos parasitas (diversidade fenotípica, de virulência, etc) sobre a estrutura populacional humana (risco individual, estrutura etária, matrizes de interação, resposta imunológica, etc) assim como processos evolutivos e de aprendizagem. Nós parametrizamos este modelo para representar a dinâmica da coqueluche numa população com estrutura etária. Coqueluche é uma infecção aguda do trato respiratório, causada por Bordetella pertussis. Apesar da vacinação em larga escala em vários países, esta infecção está reemergindo por todo o mundo, atacando adultos e crianças. Reemergência tem sido atribuída a vários fatores: perda gradual da imunidade adquirida; aumento do número de portadores assintomáticos; seleção natural de variantes resistentes à vacina. Aqui, nós modelamos estas hipóteses e analisamos seu potencial explicativo com relação ao aumento de casos de coqueluche.
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Is pertussis actually reemerging? Insights from an individual-based model
- Author
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Codeço Cláudia Torres and Luz Paula Mendes
- Subjects
Whooping Cough ,Pertussis Vaccine ,Computer Simulation ,Medicine ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
In this paper, we introduce a spatially explicit, individual-based model developed to simulate the dynamics of pertussis in a small population. With this simulation approach, complex epidemic systems can be built using information on parasite population structure (strain diversity, virulence diversity, etc.), human population structure (individual risk, age structure, interaction matrices, immune response, etc.), as well as mechanisms of evolution and learning. We parameterized our model to describe pertussis in an age-structured community. Pertussis or whooping cough is an acute infection of the respiratory tract caused by Bordetella pertussis. Despite wide-scale vaccination in many countries, this disease is reemerging throughout the world in both adults and children. Emergence has been explained by many factors: wane of vaccine and natural immunity, increase of asymptomatic carriers, and/or natural selection of non-vaccine strains. Here, we model these hypotheses and analyze their potential impact on the observed increase of pertussis notification.
- Published
- 2001
42. Influência de paredes verdes no desempenho térmico de habitações sociais
- Author
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Sousa, Luana Resende de, Souza, Henor Artur de, and Gomes, Adriano Pinto
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Heat and humidity ,Calor e umidade ,Green walls ,Simulação computacional ,Desempenho térmico ,EnergyPlus ,Thermal performance ,Paredes Verdes ,Computer simulation - Abstract
Although the benefits of vegetation are widely known, its use as a facade element remains a very incipient practice. This strategy has become popular due to the promise of improvement on the thermal performance of buildings, in addition to representing an alternative for expanding biodiversity in the urban environment. This paper investigates the influence of green walls, within the Brazilian climate context, on the thermal performance of social housing buildings. The methodology consists of the simulation of the thermal and energy behavior of a multifamily housing building. The simulation is performed with the EnergyPlus® program, including the HAMT model, that takes into account the moisture transfer process through the envelope for three bioclimatic zones provided by the Brazilian standard NBR 15520-2005: extreme winter climate (ZB1), extreme summer climate (ZB8), and a climate considered as the intermediary (ZB3). The results obtained demonstrate a difference in the environments' indoor temperature caused by the two facade arrangements: with and without vegetation. The green wall's use provided a reduction in the indoor temperature of up to 2.8 °C in summer and an increase of up to 1.4 °C in winter. The facade's vegetation worked as a layer of thermal insulation, helping to keep the indoor temperature lower during the day and mild during the night. Therefore, green walls can represent a sustainable and low-cost solution to be implemented in buildings, aiming to improve their thermal performance. A utilização da vegetação como elemento de fachada ainda compreende uma prática bastante incipiente, mas tem se popularizado devido à promessa de melhoria no desempenho térmico das edificações, além de representar uma alternativa de ampliação da biodiversidade no ambiente urbano. Neste trabalho investiga-se a influência das paredes verdes, no contexto climático brasileiro, sobre o desempenho térmico de edifícios habitacionais de interesse social. Como metodologia, utiliza-se a simulação do comportamento termoenergético de um edifício habitacional multifamiliar, por meio do programa EnergyPlus, incluindo-se o modelo HAMT que leva em conta o processo de transferência de umidade através da envoltória, para três zonas bioclimáticas previstas na norma NBR 15.220-2005, clima extremo para inverno (ZB1), clima extremo de verão (ZB8) e para um clima considerado como intermediário (ZB3). Os resultados obtidos demonstram uma diferença na temperatura interna dos ambientes, decorrente dos dois arranjos de fachada analisados: com e sem vegetação. O uso da parede verde proporcionou uma redução na temperatura interna de até 2,8 °C no verão e um aumento de até 1,4 °C no inverno. Observa-se que a vegetação na fachada ajudou a manter a temperatura interna mais baixa durante o dia e amena durante a noite. Logo, as paredes verdes podem representar uma solução sustentável e de baixo custo a ser implantada às edificações, visando melhorar seu desempenho térmico.
- Published
- 2020
43. Image processing as an auxiliary methodology for analysis of thermograms
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Schadeck, Cezar Augusto, Ulbricht, Leandra, Ganacim, Francisco Itamarati Secolo, Passos, Adriano Gonçalves dos, and Ripka, Wagner Luis
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Infrared technology ,Radiação infravermelha - Tecnologia ,Glândula tireoide - Câncer - Diagnóstico ,Software - Desenvolvimento ,Mamas - Câncer - Diagnóstico ,Breast - Cancer - Diagnosis ,Computer software - Development ,Computer simulation ,Thyroid gland - Câncer - Diagnosis ,Python (Computer program language) ,Tumors - Diagnosis ,Processamento de imagens - Técnicas digitais ,Image processing - Digital techniques ,ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA BIOMEDICA::BIOENGENHARIA [CNPQ] ,Engenharia Biomédica ,Python (Linguagem de programação de computador) ,Tumores - Diagnóstico ,Simulação (Computadores) - Abstract
Esta dissertação trata de um estudo sobre processamento de imagens com o intuito de automatizar o método de análise de termogramas de pacientes com suspeita diagnóstica de câncer. Atualmente, existem diversos exames por imagem que são utilizados para a triagem ou auxílio no diagnóstico complementar de tumores. No caso da mama, por exemplo, são realizados os exames de mamografia, ultrassonografia e, mais raramente, ressonância magnética. Para quadros da tireoide os exames de palpação, cintilografia e ultrassonografia são realizados. Também é adotado o exame por punção aspirativa com agulha fina para a realização da biópsia, que é considerada padrão ouro no diagnóstico de câncer. Em contraste, por se tratar de uma técnica não invasiva, a termografia tem sido amplamente estudada complementar no diagnóstico precoce de neoplasias. Os exames termográficos captam alterações de temperatura devido ao aumento da atividade metabólica na região comprometida. Contudo, a análise dos termogramas é em muitos casos é feita de forma visual, dependendo totalmente da percepção do examinador. Dessa forma, o objetivo desse trabalho é desenvolver um programa interativo de segmentação semiautomática para ROI contida em um termograma. Como metodologia foi desenvolvida uma rotina de segmentação, em linguagem Python, a partir de um algoritmo baseado em crescimento de regiões, capaz de agrupar pixels semelhantes para uma região do termograma. Assim, a partir desse pixel, é possível verificar a homogeneidade ou semelhança dos seus pixels vizinhos para captar regiões com alteração de temperatura nos tecidos analisados. Como resultados, são apresentados a área segmentada de forma semiautomática comparada com um método manual de delimitação de imagens térmicas, o tempo operacional médio foi de 16 segundos para o método proposto, contra 40 segundos aproximados de análise manual. Através da ferramenta desenvolvida, a região segmentada pode ser comparada com uma região circunvizinha a fim de comprovar diferença térmica entre os tecidos sadio e não sadio (com tumor). O programa também apresenta uma planilha com dados térmicos exportada diretamente do programa, explicitando as faixas de temperatura delimitadas pela ferramenta, para facilitar posteriores análises ou para fornecer informação para o prontuário médico. Os testes foram realizados em 20 termogramas coletados de pacientes com neoplasia da mama e tireoide, seguindo o protocolo de coleta e tratamento de imagens térmicas, e todos apresentaram temperaturas mínimas e médias delimitadas pelo método proposto superiores às encontradas pelo método manual. As comparações entre as regiões delimitadas de todos os vinte termogramas também evidenciaram que as temperaturas na região nodular eram superiores às dos tecidos vizinhos não comprometidos. This paper presents a study on image processing used in order to automate the method of analyzing thermograms of patients with suspected cancer diagnosis. Currently, there are several imaging tests that are used to do the triage of the patients, or to help in the complementary diagnosis of tumors. In the case of the breast, as an example, mammography, ultrasound and, more rarely, MRI scans can be performed. As for thyroid cases, palpation, scintigraphy and ultrasound examinations are performed. To performe the biopsy, the medical exam that can be used is the aspiration puncture with a fine needle, which is considered the gold standard in the diagnosis of cancer. On the other hand, since it is a non-invasive technique, thermography has been widely used in a complementary way in the early diagnosis of neoplasms. Thermographic exams can capture changes in temperature due to increased metabolic activity in the affected region. However, the analysis of thermograms in most of cases is done visually, depending entirely on the examiner’s perception. Thus, the objective of this work is to develop an interactive semiautomatic segmentation program for ROI contained in a thermogram. Therefore, a segmentation routine was developed, in Python language, from an algorithm based on region growth, capable of grouping similar pixels for a region of the thermogram. Thereby, from that pixel, it is possible to check the homogeneity or similarity of its neighboring pixels to capture regions with temperature changes in the analyzed tissues. As results, the segmented area is presented in a semi-automatic way when compared with a manual method of delimiting thermal images, and the average operational time was 16 seconds for the proposed method, against approximately 40 seconds of manual analysis. Making use of the developed tool, the segmented region can be compared with a surrounding region in order to prove thermal differences between healthy and non-healthy tissues (tissues with tumor). A spreadsheet with thermal data, exported directly from the program, is also presented, explaining the temperature ranges delimited by the tool that can be used to facilitate further analysis or to provide information for the medical record. The tests were carried out on 20 thermograms collected from patients with breast and thyroid cancer, following the protocol for collecting and treating thermal images, and they all presented minimum and average temperatures delimited by the proposed method, higher than those found by the manual method. Comparisons between the delimited regions of all twenty thermograms also showed that the temperatures in the nodular region were higher than those of neighboring non-compromised tissues.
- Published
- 2020
44. Origin-destination analysis of the use of Curitiba’s public transportation system from the point of view of Regions of Interest
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Parcianello, Yussef, Kozievitch, Nádia Puchalski, Fonseca, Keiko Verônica Ono, Santi, Juliana de, Rosa, Marcelo de Oliveira, and Holanda, Maristela Terto de
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Ciência da Computação ,Software - Desenvolvimento ,Computer software - Development ,Levantamentos de origem e destino do trânsito - Curitiba (PR) - Avaliação ,Open source software ,Computer simulation ,Urban transportation - Curitiba (Brazil) ,Computer science ,Interfaces de usuário (Sistemas de computação) - Testes ,Visualização da informação ,Information visualization ,User interfaces (Computer systems) - Testing ,CIENCIAS EXATAS E DA TERRA::CIENCIA DA COMPUTACAO::METODOLOGIA E TECNICAS DA COMPUTACAO::SISTEMAS DE INFORMACAO [CNPQ] ,Origin and destination traffic surveys - Curitiba (Brazil) - Rating of ,Sistemas de informação gerencial ,Computação ,Management information systems ,Transporte urbano - Curitiba (PR) ,Software gratuito ,Simulação (Computadores) - Abstract
O Sistema de Transporte Público (STP) e seu gerenciamento de operações requerem o processamento de grandes volumes de dados (rotas de coletivos, dados de usuários, horários de ônibus, etc.). Tais dados podem oportunizar a identificação de facetas do comportamento do usuário, de necessidades de transporte e de tendências de tráfego. Em particular, dados de origem-destino servem para indicar padrões e escolhas de viagens dos cidadãos, fornecendo subsídios que permitem compreender, inclusive, a dinâmica da ocupação do espaço urbano. Diante deste cenário, este trabalho apresenta um novo protótipo de visualização de dados de origem-destino desenvolvido a partir de tecnologias open-source, não demandando nenhum tipo de gasto referente a aquisição e/ou contratação de licença de software. A solução desenvolvida é inteiramente online e não exige a configuração ou instalação de nenhum tipo de software ou plugin para seu funcionamento. As consultas podem ser compostas e disparadas pelo usuário, e tais resultados podem ser exibidos através de diferentes representações visuais e agregados sob diferentes níveis de detalhamento, mantendo sempre os contextos espaciais e temporais. A ferramenta permite compreender aspectos relacionados ao perfil do usuário do transporte público, a variação da demanda do STP ao longo de um determinado período, os locais onde ocorrem a maior quantidade de embarques e desembarques, compreender a dinâmica de ocupação do espaço urbano, dentre outros. As funcionalidades oferecidas na solução foram implementadas a partir de uma lista de requisitos levantada em meio a um grupo de pesquisadores da área de mobilidade urbana. Resultados obtidos mediante realização de um teste de usabilidade indicaram que a solução permite que usuários realizem de forma facilitada análises de origem-destino sem precisar utilizar qualquer tipo de linguagem de programação e/ou de manipulação de dados. The Public Transportation System (PTS) and its operation management require the processing of large amount of data (bus routes, user data, bus schedules, etc.). Such data provides number of opportunities to identify various facets of user behavior, transport needs and traffic trends. In particular, origin-destination data serve to indicate citizens’ travel patterns and choices, providing insights related to the dynamic of the urban space occupation. Given this scenario, this paper presents a new prototype of origin-destination data visualization developed using only open-source technologies, not requiring any kind of expenses related to the acquisition and /or contracting of software license. The solution is entirely online and does not require the configuration or installation of any type of software or plugin in order to run. Queries can be composed and triggered by the user, and such results can be displayed through different visual representations and aggregated under different levels of detail, always maintaining the spatial and temporal contexts. The tool allows us to understand aspects related to the profile of users of the public transportation, the variation in demand of PTS over a given period, the places where the greatest number of boarding and landings occur, understand the dynamics of urban space occupation, among others. The functionalities offered in the solution were implemented from a list of requirements raised among a group of urban mobility researchers. Results obtained through a usability test indicated that the solution allows lay users to easily perform source-destination analyzes without having to use any programming language and/or data manipulation.
- Published
- 2019
45. Differential sintering and self-stress: effects on electrical conductivity of Yttria stabilized Zirconia
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Goulart, Celso Antonio, Morelli, Márcio Raymundo, and Andreeta, Marcello Rubens Barsi
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ZEI ,YSZ ,Simulação computacional ,Electrical conductivity ,Computer simulation ,Differential sintering ,Sinterização diferencial ,Condutividade elétrica ,ENGENHARIA DE MATERIAIS E METALURGICA::MATERIAIS NAO METALICOS [ENGENHARIAS] - Abstract
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Recent researches indicate the possibility of increasing Yttria Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) electrical conductivity by generating stress states in the material, by applying external loads or by its insertion in multilayer systems. On the other hand, in the past decades, several papers have shown that the formation of defects and the incomplete densification in ceramic composites containing rigid inclusions are related to the emergence of stresses in the matrix due to the phenomena of restricted and differential sintering. In this work, these phenomena were induced in 8 mol% Yttria Stabilized Zirconia (8YSZ) matrices by means of controlled addition of different contents of rigid inclusions of sintered ceramic particles with different shapes (spherical and jagged), sizes (60-200 µm) and compositions (8YSZ, 3YSZ and alumina). The effects of residual stresses after sintering on the electrical conductivity of 8YSZ were evaluated and, under specific conditions, the addition of 1 vol% of YSZ irregular rigid inclusions led to an increase of 36% in total electrical conductivity compared to samples without inclusions. Computer simulations provided additional information on the development and evolution of stresses during sintering. Pesquisas recentes apontam a possibilidade de aumentar a condutividade elétrica da Zircônia Estabilizada com Ítria (ZEI) por meio da geração de estados de tensão no material, aplicando cargas externas ou posicionando o material em sistemas multicamadas. Por outro lado, nas últimas décadas, diversos trabalhos estabeleceram os princípios básicos que governam a formação de defeitos e a densificação incompleta em compósitos cerâmicos contendo inclusões rígidas e mostraram que esses eventos estão ligados ao surgimento de tensões na matriz oriundas dos fenômenos de sinterização restringida e diferencial. Nesse trabalho, esses fenômenos foram induzidos em matrizes de Zircônia Estabilizada com 8% mol de Ítria (ZEI8) por meio da adição controlada de diferentes teores de inclusões rígidas de partículas cerâmicas sinterizadas com diferentes formatos (esférico e irregular), tamanhos (60-200 μm) e composições (ZEI8 cúbica, ZEI3 tetragonal e alumina). Os efeitos das tensões residuais após a sinterização na condutividade elétrica da ZEI8 foram avaliados e, em condições específicas, a adição de 1% vol de inclusões irregulares de ZEI8 levou a um aumento de 36% na condutividade elétrica total em relação a amostras sem inclusões. Simulações computacionais forneceram informações complementares sobre o desenvolvimento e evolução das tensões na sinterização. CAPES: 88882.332711/2019-01 CAPES: Código de Financiamento 001
- Published
- 2019
46. Estudo da ecoeficiência de processos de produção de acrilonitrila
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Bastião, Danyelle Soares, Caxiano, Igor Nardi, and Prata, Diego Martinez
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Acrilonitrila ,Simulação Computacional ,Acrylonitrile ,Eco-efficiency ,Ecoindicadores ,Computer Simulation ,Eco-indicators ,Ecoeficiência - Abstract
HighlightsSimulation of acrylonitrile production processes.Simulation of utilities for more realistic results.Analysis of the gain in eco-efficiency considering five eco-indicators.The process with partial condensation step proved to be the most sustainable option.ObjectiveTo evaluate the gain in eco-efficiency by introducing a partial condensation step in the conventional acrylonitrile production process.MethodologyThe conventional and modified acrylonitrile production process, as well as the associated utilities plant, was simulated computationally using the UniSim Design Suite R390.1 software. Based on the results, five eco-indicators were developed (water, fuel and energy consumption, CO2 emission and liquid effluent generation), which were simultaneously evaluated through the Eco-efficiency Comparison Index of the considered processes.ResultsThe modification of the conventional process of acrylonitrile production, from the introduction of a partial condensation stage with the main purpose of reducing the consumption of process water, resulted in a 76% increase in eco-efficiency, considering the eco-indicators used in the study. The reduction in water consumption was evidenced by the calculation of the corresponding eco-indicator, which was 47% lower for the modified process.Limitations of researchEco-efficiency was evaluated, disregarding social and safety factors. In addition, the few data provided on the process and scaling of recovery section equipment, by the reference authors, limited the comparison of results.Practical implicationsThe paper presents a practical example of the use of eco-indicators in the analysis of the increase of eco-efficiency by the modification of industrial processes, mainly for the reduction of water consumption. Although the modification evaluated in this work has been implemented in an acrylonitrile production plant, the methodology can be applied in a similar way to other industrial processes.OriginalityThe present work shows a quantitative evaluation of the gain in eco-efficiency (notably with regard to water consumption) by the introduction of a partial condensation stage in the conventional acrylonitrile production process. DestaquesSimulação de processos de produção da acrilonitrila.Simulação das plantas de utilidades para resultados mais realistas.Análise do ganho em ecoeficiência considerando cinco ecoindicadores.O processo com etapa de condensação parcial mostrou-se a opção mais sustentável.ObjetivoAvaliar o ganho em ecoeficiência pela introdução de uma etapa de condensação parcial no processo convencional de produção de acrilonitrila.MetodologiaO processo de produção de acrilonitrila convencional e o modificado, bem como a planta de utilidades associada, foram simulados computacionalmente utilizando o software UniSim Design Suite R390.1. Com base nos resultados, desenvolveram-se cinco ecoindicadores (consumo de água, combustível e energia, emissão de CO2 e geração de efluentes líquidos) que foram simultaneamente avaliados por meio do Índice Comparativo de Ecoeficiência dos processos considerados.ResultadosA modificação do processo convencional de produção de acrilonitrila, realizada a partir da introdução de uma etapa de condensação parcial com o intuito principal de reduzir o consumo da água de processo, resultou em um aumento de 76% na ecoeficiência considerando-se os ecoindicadores empregados no estudo. A redução no consumo de água foi evidenciada pelo cálculo do ecoindicador correspondente, que se mostrou 47% menor para o processo modificado.Limitações da investigaçãoA ecoeficiência foi avaliada desconsiderando-se fatores sociais e de segurança. Além disso, os poucos dados fornecidos sobre o processo e dimensionamento dos equipamentos da seção de recuperação, por parte dos autores de referência, limitou a comparação de resultados.Implicações práticasO trabalho apresenta um exemplo prático do uso de ecoindicadores na análise do aumento da ecoeficiência pela modificação de processos industriais, principalmente para a redução do consumo de água. Embora a modificação avaliada neste trabalho tenha sido implementada em uma planta de produção de acrilonitrila, a metodologia pode ser aplicada de maneira similar a outros processos industriais.OriginalidadeO presente trabalho apresenta uma avaliação quantitativa do ganho em ecoeficiência (destacadamente no que se refere ao consumo de água) pela introdução de uma etapa de condensação parcial no processo convencional de produção de acrilonitrila.
- Published
- 2019
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47. Análise e compatibilização dos métodos simplificado e por simulação da NBR 15575: zona bioclimática 2
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Antonio César Silveira Baptista da Silva and Maicon Motta Soares
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Thermal performance ,Simulação computacional ,Social interest ,lcsh:T ,020209 energy ,Interesse social ,Geography, Planning and Development ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,02 engineering and technology ,Computer simulation ,lcsh:Technology ,lcsh:TH1-9745 ,Desempenho térmico ,021105 building & construction ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,simulação computacional ,interesse social ,desempenho térmico ,lcsh:Building construction - Abstract
Resumo O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar e avaliar a pertinência dos limites estabelecidos e propor uma metodologia de compatibilização entre os métodos de avaliação de desempenho térmico adotados pela NBR 15575. Os estudos foram realizados para a zona bioclimática 2 utilizando como caso-base uma edificação térrea de interesse social. Os estudos foram conduzidos através da simulação computacional de 300 configurações definidas aleatoriamente pelo método do hipercubo latino. A edificação foi modelada e configurada pelo programa DesignBuilder versão 3.0.0.105 e simuladas conforme os critérios da NBR 15575 para o dia típico de verão e inverno, e também para o ano inteiro por meio de arquivo climático de referência. A análise inicial mostra que não há compatibilidade entre os métodos "simplificado" e "por simulação" dos dias típicos, já que neste último praticamente todas as configurações são aprovadas. O método de simulação anual por graus-hora se mostrou mais coerente com os requisitos do método simplificado. Ao se estabelecer critérios de graus-hora de desconforto (GhD), foi possível estabelecer a compatibilidade entre os métodos, de modo que, para ser aprovada por simulação, a edificação deve atingir, no mínimo, o mesmo desempenho especificado pelo método simplificado. Os valores limites do método simplificado se mostraram coerentes entre si, cabendo apenas uma sugestão de aumento do valor mínimo da capacidade térmica. Abstract This paper aims to analyse and evaluate the relevance of the established limits, as well as to propose a compatibility methodology between the methods of evaluation of thermal performance adopted by NBR 15575. The studies were conducted for bioclimatic zone 2, taking a one-storey, social housing building as caso base. The studies were performed through a computer simulation of 300 randomly defined configurations using the Latin Hypercube method; the building was modelled and configured by the 3.0.0.105 Design Builder program version and then simulated according to NBR 15575's criteria for a typical summer and a typical winter day, as well for the entire year through a reference climate file. The results show that there is no compatibility between the simplified method and the simulation method in the typical days, since in the latter almost all configurations are approved. The annual simulation method by degree-hours proved to be more coherent with the requirements of the simplified method. By establishing discomfort degree-hours (DDH) criteria, it was possible to establish the compatibility between the methods, so that, in order to be approved by simulation, the building must present at least the performance specified by the simplified method. The limit values of the simplified method proved to be coherent, requiring only the indication of an increase in the minimum value of the thermal capacity.
- Published
- 2017
48. Saídas de emergência horizontais em locais de reunião de público. Estudo de casos na cidade de Campina Grande-PB
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MARTINS, Diego de Souza., RODRIGUES, Andréa Carla Lima., BRAGA, George Cajaty Barbosa., VIEIRA, Fernando Fernandes., and MEDEIROS, Mônica Garcia de Agra.
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Emergency Exit ,Simulação Computacional ,Locais de Aglomeração ,Assembly Occupancies ,Evacuação de Edifícios ,Evacuation of Buildings ,Computer Simulation ,Engenharia ,Saída de Emergência - Abstract
Submitted by Maria Medeiros (maria.dilva1@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-07-31T14:05:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DIEGO DE SOUZA MARTINS- DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGECA) 2016.pdf: 4124722 bytes, checksum: 88ad58b1c87addd5508922737f830fae (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-31T14:05:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DIEGO DE SOUZA MARTINS- DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGECA) 2016.pdf: 4124722 bytes, checksum: 88ad58b1c87addd5508922737f830fae (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-26 Este trabalho realiza um estudo sobre parâmetros relativos à evacuação em locais de reunião de público e as normas atinentes a saídas de emergência e seu caráter eminentemente prescritivo, buscando avaliar sua contemporaneidade diante das mudanças advindas do processo evolutivo das construções e das mudanças sociais. Os locais de aglomeração seja com fins econômicos, religiosos, entretenimento ou outros, sempre são considerados áreas de risco elevado devido à alta densidade populacional e ao fato das pessoas não possuírem familiaridade com o ambiente. Somando-se a isso, os recentes desastres ocorridos em boates, casas de show ou similares com elevada quantidade de mortos, causados por incêndios, terrorismo ou causas diversas reforçam a preocupação para que estes locais tenham condições de permitir uma evacuação rápida e segura. Para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa foram selecionadas três edificações localizadas na cidade de Campina Grande e essas foram vistoriadas com vistas à verificação do cumprimento da legislação vigente e para a obtenção de dados que pudessem subsidiar uma modelagem computacional. As simulações utilizaram o software de abandono Pathfinder que propicia dois modos de simulação, o SFPE e o Steering, tendo o primeiro uma metodologia bem semelhante à utilizada pelas normas e o segundo, um modelo que se aproxima mais do comportamento esperado para as pessoas numa situação real. Para as simulações utilizou-se a arquitetura original e a real das edificações, sendo a original obtida através dos projetos de segurança contra incêndio e a real das vistorias in loco. Além disso, analisaram-se outras situações como a influência do mobiliário, posicionamento das saídas e obstrução das mesmas. Com o software obtiveram-se dados de tempo de evacuação, fluxo específico, taxa de fluxo e da dinâmica de evacuação através da visualização do movimento dos ocupantes, sendo possível identificar locais de congestionamento, gargalos e obstáculos. As conclusões mostram que o nível de segurança propiciado pelas normas de saídas de emergência não é o esperado, mesmo naquelas que passaram por recente atualização, como é o caso das normas de muitos estados, fruto de uma revisão simplesmente prescritiva, sem propiciar condições ao desenvolvimento de soluções inovadoras, econômicas e principalmente mais seguras. Associa-se a este fato, uma carência de cultura de prevenção dos responsáveis pelos estabelecimentos que realizam modificações em suas edificações sem se preocupar com a segurança dos seus ocupantes. This paper accomplishes a study of parameters relating to the evacuation in public meeting places and norms existing concerning to emergency exits and its highly prescriptive, seeking out to evaluate their contemporary view of the changes resulting from the evolutionary process of building and social change. The agglomeration sites for economic purposes, religious, entertainment or other. Are always considered high risk areas due to the high population density and the fact that people do not have familiarity with the environment. Adding to this, the recent disasters in nightclubs, clubs or similar with high amount of deaths caused by fires, terrorism or several causes reinforce the concern that these places are able to allow rapid and safe evacuation. For the development of the research were selected three buildings located in the city of Campina Grande and these were inspected with a view to verifying compliance with current legislation and to obtain data that could support a computational modeling. The simulations used the Pathfinder abandonment software that provides two simulation modes, SFPE and the steering, having the first a very similar methodology to that used by the norms and the second, a model that is closer to the expected behavior for people in a situation real. For the simulations was used the original architecture and real of the buildings, being the original obtained through security projects against fire and the real of on-site inspections. Moreover, other conditions such as the influence of furniture were analyzed, positioning the exits and obstruction the same. With software were obtained evacuation time, specific flow, flow rate and dynamic evacuation by occupant movement of the display, and can identify congestion places obstacles and bottlenecks. The conclusions show that the level of security afforded by the emergency exit norms is not expected, even in those who have undergone recent update, such as the rules of many states, the result of a purely prescriptive revision, without providing conditions for the development of innovative solutions, economic and mainly secure. It is associated to this fact, a lack of prevention culture of responsible for the establishments performing modifications in their buildings without worrying about the safety of its occupants.
- Published
- 2016
49. Real world driving cycle in Santa Maria and its impacts on consumption and emissions
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Roso, Vinícius Rückert, Martins, Mario Eduardo Santos, Schlosser, José Fernando, and Vielmo, Horácio Antonio
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Simulação computacional ,Ciclo de emissões ,Aquisição de dados ,Urban cycles ,Transporte urbano ,Data acquisition ,Computer simulation ,Urban transport ,Ciclo urbano ,Fuel consumption ,DPF ,ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA DE PRODUCAO [CNPQ] ,Emission cycles ,SCR ,Consumo de combustível - Abstract
In order to improve urban air quality and to meet legislation requirements, vehicular technology is constantly advancing. It focus on techniques that reduce both fuel consumption and emissions of greenhouse gases as well as harmful pollutant emissions. The technologies, however, have different impacts depending on the city, its traffic conditions and urban planning as well as other socio-economic and cultural factors that affect the driving stile. Thus, standard drive cycles such as NEDC, FTP75 or others may not represent properly the actual condition and are being progressively replaced by real-world driving cycles. This paper aims to analyze the impact of real driving conditions in the city of Santa Maria, in southern Brazil, in respect to emissions and fuel consumption. Data of real world driving cycles were collected for motorized transport and introduced into computational models to simulate vehicles traveling in predetermined route. Urban buses and passenger cars were evaluated in different traffic conditions. Underestimation of more than 50% in emissions were observed in heavy traffic conditions across the indicated in standard cycles. Simulation of techniques to reduce pollutant emissions in Diesel engines has confirmed more than 90% reductions in emissions of PM, CO, HC, and 40% of NOx, operating under real conditions. Objetivando a melhoria na qualidade do ar urbano e o atendimento à legislação, a tecnologia veicular está em constante desenvolvimento. O foco está em técnicas para redução, tanto do consumo de combustível quanto de emissões de gases do efeito estufa. As tecnologias, entretanto, possuem diferentes impactos dependendo da cidade, das condições de tráfego e do planejamento, assim como demais fatores socioeconômicos e culturais que interfiram no modo de condução. Com isso, ciclos padrões de condução, como NEDC e FTP75, por exemplo, não representam com propriedade a condição atual de tráfego e estão sendo gradativamente substituídos pelos ciclos reais de condução. Esta dissertação objetiva analisar o impacto de ciclos reais no trânsito urbano da cidade de Santa Maria- RS, no âmbito de emissões e consumo de combustível. Dados de ciclos reais de condução foram coletados para meios de transporte motorizados e introduzidos em modelos computacionais, visando simular um veículo percorrendo o trajeto pré-estabelecido. Assim, avaliaram-se carros de passeio e ônibus urbanos em diferentes condições de tráfego. Em posse dos resultados foram realizadas as comparações com ciclos padrão existentes, onde verificaram-se subestimações de mais de 50% nas emissões por ciclos padrão frente à condições reais de tráfego intenso. A simulação de sistemas para a redução nas emissões de poluentes em motores Diesel, operando em condições reais, confirmou reduções de mais de 90% nas emissões de MP, CO e HC e de 40% nas emissões de NOx.
- Published
- 2016
50. La influencia de las repisas de luz en el aprovechamiento de la luz natural bajo obstrucción
- Author
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Mariani Dan Taufner, Cristina Engel de Alvarez, and Ricardo Nacari Maioli
- Subjects
COMPUTER SIMULATION ,SIMULAÇÃO COMPUTACIONAL ,SOFTWARE DAYSIM ,SIMULACIÓN POR ORDENADOR ,DAYSIM SOFTWARE ,ENTORNO CONSTRUIDO ,UDI ,VISUAL COMFORT ,ENTORNO CONSTRUÍDO ,BUILT SURROUNDINGS ,lcsh:Architecture ,software Daysim ,CONFORTO VISUAL ,CONFORT VISUAL ,lcsh:NA1-9428 - Abstract
ResumoA investigação considera a hipótese de que o uso do dispositivo prateleira de luz pode contribuir para aperfeiçoar a distribuição e o controle da luz natural interna, o que melhoraria o conforto visual e aumentaria a eficiência energética do edifício. O objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar a influência desse dispositivo combinado com diferentes tipos de vidro em condições de obstrução externa, aproximando-se da realidade dos centros urbanos verticalizados. Foram escolhidas seis cidades brasileiras em diferentes latitudes, nas quais foi simulado um edifício de escritórios composto por aberturas com diferentes percentuais de obstrução da abóbada celeste. Analisou-se a iluminância útil (Useful Daylight Illuminances — UDI), por meio do software Daysim, e obteve-se como resultado a comprovação de que a inserção dos edifícios verticais nos centros urbanos —modelo usual nas cidades brasileiras— pode interferir na qualidade lumínica do ambiente interno. Palavras-chave: Entorno construído, conforto visual, udi, simulação computacional, Software Daysim. La influencia de las repisas de luz en el aprovechamiento de la luz natural bajo obstrucción externa ResumenLa investigación considera la hipótesis de que el uso del dispositivo “bandeja de luz” puede contribuir a optimizar la distribución y el control de la luz natural interna, mejorando el confort visual y aumentando la eficiencia energética del edificio. El objetivo de la pesquisa fue evaluar la influencia de ese dispositivo en combinación con diferentes tipos de vidrio en condiciones de obstrucción externa, acercándose a la realidad del modelo de urbanización con rascacielos. Se escogieron seis ciudades brasileñas en diferentes latitudes, donde se simuló un edificio de oficinas y se consideraron ventanas con diferentes porcentajes de obstrucción de la bóveda celeste. Se analizó la iluminancia útil (Useful Daylight Illuminances - UDI) por medio del software Daysim, comprobando que el incremento de edificios verticales en los centros urbanos —modelo usual en las ciudades brasileñas— puede interferir en la calidad lumínica del ambiente interno. Palabras clave: entorno construido, confort visual, UDI, simulación por ordenador, software Daysim. The influence of light shelves in use of natural light under external obstructionAbstractThis paper considers the hypothesis that the use of "lightshelves" can help to optimize the distribution and control of the internal natural light, improving visual comfort and increasing the energy efficiency of the building. The aim of the research was to evaluate the influence of this system in combination with different types of glass in conditions of external obstruction, approaching the reality of urban development with vertical buildings. We have chosen six Brazilian cities at different latitudes, and simulated office building's windows with different percentages of sky obstruction. Useful Daylight illuminances [UDI] was analyzed through the software Daysim resulting the evidence that the increase of vertical buildings in urban centers - usual model in Brazilian cities - can interfere the light quality of the internal environment. Keywords: Visual comfort, UDI, computer simulation, software Daysim.
- Published
- 2015
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