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Este artigo tem por objetivo identificar os fatores que têm afetado as receitas das exportações de celulose e papel e papelão, no período de 2001 a 2020. Especificamente pretende-se quantificar as variações nas receitas provenientes da taxa de câmbio, do preço internacional e da quantidade exportada de celulose e de papel e papelão e identificar os principais eventos associados essas variações. Para tanto, utilizou-se o método diferencial-estrutural, conhecido como shift-share, que decompõe as variações da receita de exportação em efeitos parciais proporcionado por outras variáveis relacionadas. Os resultados mostram que mesmo quando os efeitos do preço internacional e a taxa de câmbio são desfavoráveis a quantidade exportada de celulose e de papel e papelão tem sido crescente, e proporcionando efeito total positivo nas receitas das exportações. Somente em quatro grandes momentos houve queda nas receitas das exportações destes produtos, momentos estes que coincidem com a ocorrência das seguintes crises: atentado a torres gêmeas (2002), crise do subprime (2008), crise política interna (2016) e pandemia (Covid-2019). ABSTRACT: This paper aims to identify the factors that have affected revenues from pulp and paper and paperboard exports, in the period from 2001 to 2020. Specifically, it intends to quantify the variations in revenues arising from the exchange rate, the international price and the exported quantity of Wood pulp and paperbord and identify the main events associate these variations. For this purpose, the differential-structural method, known as shift-share, was used, which breaks down changes in export revenue into partial effects provided by other related variables. The results show that even when the effects of the international price and the exchange rate are unfavorable, the exported quantity of woodpulp and paperboard has been increasing, providing a positive overall effect on export revenues. Only in four major moments were there decreases in revenues from exports of these products, moments that coincide with the occurrence of the following crises: attack on the twin towers (2002), subprime crisis (2008), internal political crisis (2016) and pandemic (Covid- 2019).

Esse texto discute a formação do espaço econômico paranaense e sua relação com as atividades de base econômica ou exportação. A análise segue uma visão institucionalista a partir da teorização de Douglass North. A análise também se embasa em Pedro Calil Padis, por fazer um retrospecto eficaz dos primórdios do Paraná até o final dos anos 1960. Se parte do princípio de que várias economias regionais que surgiram no Brasil estavam em condições periféricas. O termo “periférico” é devido ao fato de a economia de cada uma dessas regiões ou Estados estar subordinada ao centro dinâmico do país devido a vários fatores, dentre eles a transferência de capital, fazendo com que o Paraná, com sua economia cafeeira, subsidiasse a indústria paulista. Abstract: This paper discusses the formation of the economic space of Paraná State and its relationship with economic-based activities or exports. The analysis follows an institutionalist vision based on Douglass North's theorization. The analysis is also based on Pedro Calil Padis, for making an effective retrospective of the beginnings of Paraná State until the end of the 1960s. It is based on the principle that several regional economies that emerged in Brazil were in peripheral conditions. The term “peripheral” is since the economy of each of these regions or states is subordinated to the dynamic center of the country due to several factors, including the transfer of capital, causing Paraná, with its coffee economy, to subsidize the São Paulo industry.

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This paper aims to understand the territorialization of industrial poultry farming and the changes in the work of the poultry activity and the integration program of the agribusiness Nutriza Agroindustrial de Alimentos SA/Friato Alimentos, in Pires do Rio (GO). The study shows the reorganization of space from the implementation of the aforementioned agroindustry and the integration system as a lever for this production process, incorporated into new technologies and the reorganization of work. The new configurations of productive restructuring in poultry farming in the town were discussed, as well as the producer and agribusiness relations and the possibilities of restructuring this program for the integration of poultry producers. The methodological path of the research is qualitative, consisting of the following steps: theoretical, documental, and field research. Semi-structured interviews were carried out for data collection. The illustrations used in this paper were: photos and maps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper sought to analyze the behavior of regional economic disparities in regions by productive sectors in the geographic regions of Mato Grosso State in Brazil. For this, we used the methodological procedure based on the estimate of the Williamson Coefficient (Vw), using as a parameter the Gross Value Added (GVA) per capita for the economic sector and the resident population in the years 2002, 2010 and 2020. Furthermore, the GVA per capita of Mato Grosso State was used as a parameter to evaluate the intra-regional scenario. The results showed that the services sector presented the greatest regional convergence in the period between 2002 and 2020. The industrial sector is also moving towards greater regional homogeneity, however, with less intensity in some regions when observing the performance of the Vw. Regional differences were detected in the agricultural sector, with emphasis on the region of Sorriso, which presented the highest Vw significant value in 2020 in 2020. Furthermore, the regions of Cuiabá and Diamantino showed a moderate variation towards the highest regional divergence, that is, they are distancing themselves from the others in terms of homogeneity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This paper measured the attractiveness of municipalities in the state of Minas Gerais (MG) for projects in the steel, cellulose and paper, furniture, energy and wood panel industry segments. A questionnaire was used to construct an index of attractiveness of the forestry sector for each municipality. As a result, it was found that 40% of the municipalities presented “average” or higher attractiveness. The mesoregions with the greatest potential for forestry development were the Metropolitan region of Belo Horizonte, Southwest of Minas and Zona da Mata. The steel and cellulose and paper segments found attractive factors in 74.08% and 72.79% of the municipalities, respectively. It was concluded that the methodology applied showed how close a location was to meeting the characteristics of forest-based industries. It is expected to encourage future research and influence strategic planning for the expansion of the forestry sector across the country.

The world’s economy has undergone several changes and crises that may have altered the dynamics and structure of the forestry market after 2008. Thus, the objective of this study was to measure the concentration of the international market of the main forest products between 2008 and 2018. We used the Concentration Ratio [CR(k)], Hirschman-Herfindahl Index (HHI), Theil Entropy Index (E) and Gini Coefficient (G) to evaluate the forest products concentration. Our results showed that American and Asian countries have risen and taken positions of major forest products exporters to European markets over the years. The main exported product was “Paper and cardboard”, followed by “Lumber”, “Pulp”, “Wooden panels”, “Wood for industrial purposes” and “Energy”. Brazil's global share stood out in the pulp and paper segments. The forest products market concentration was classified as low for CR4, moderately low for CR8, unconcentrated and highly competitive for HHI and Entropy indices. Furthermore, the market was classified with inequality from very strong to absolute using the Gini index indicating that exports come from a small number of nations.

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Copyright of Exacta is the property of Exacta - Engenharia de Producao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Labor & Engenho is the property of Universidade Estadual de Campinas - Portal de Periodicos Eletronicos Cientificos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Emancipação is the property of Revista Emancipacao - Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Brazilian Review of Economics & Agribusiness / Revista de Economia e Agronegócio is the property of Brazilian Review of Economics & Agribusiness / Revista de Economia e Agronegocio and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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O objetivo deste trabalho é realizar um levantamento dos estudos sobre o consumo de água e sua relação com o crescimento econômico. Metodologicamente, utilizou-se uma análise bibliométrica. Após definido os string de busca e as bases da Web of Science e da Scopus, foram analisados todos os papers encontrados e com o auxílio dos softwares excel, Iramuteq e Qgis, foi possível desenvolver tabelas, gráficos e figuras que deram suporte para as análises. Foi possível observar que do total de 56 artigos analisados, a grande maioria dos autores eram chineses. Os periódicos que continham as publicações são distribuídos em diversos países, não havendo uma concentração. O primeiro paper é datado de 1998 sendo de fácil observação o crescente número de trabalhos ao longo dos anos. Os últimos 6 anos concentra 66% das publicações sobre o tema, o que demostra o interesse e a atualidade sobre o assunto. A maioria dos pesquisadores são chineses e a área geográfica de interesse também tem destaque para os municípios e regiões da China. Através da análise de similitude foi possível observar as palavras mais relevantes e suas conexões além da formação de 10 clusters de palavras. Por fim, nota-se um tema multidisciplinar objeto de pesquisa de diversas áreas podendo ser estudado de forma mais específica, através dos clusters gerados. Abstract: The aim of this work is to identify studies on water consumption and its relationship with economic growth. Methodologically, a bibliometric analysis was used. After defining the search strings and the Web of Science and Scopus databases, all the papers found were analysed, the tables, graphs and figures that supported the analyses were made by Excel, Iramuteq and Qgis software. From the total of 56 articles analysed, it was possible to observe that the vast majority of authors were Chinese and the geographic area of interest is also highlighted by the cities and regions of China. The journals in which the articles were published are distributed in several countries, with no concentration. The first paper dates from 1998, and it is easy to notice a growing number of works over the years. The last 6 years of analysis concentrate 66% of the studies found, which shows the current interest on the subject. Through the similarity analysis, it was possible to observe the most relevant words and their connections in addition to the formation of 10 clusters of words. Finally, this is a multidisciplinary theme, which is a research object in several areas, and can be studied more specifically, through the generated clusters.

This paper aimed to analyze the relationships between the variables price, consumption and supply of electricity in rural Brazil and the different public pricing policies applied to the sector. To this end, an autoregressive time series model (VAR) and Granger causality are used, with data from the rural electricity sector, from 1996 to 2020, distributed quarterly. Among the contributions, it is observed that the policy of universalization of access to electrification can be considered a success regarding the number of consumer units reached, however, there is a need for a review regarding the pricing policies applied, since there is a bidirectional relationship, in which Production causes Consumption and Consumption causes Production, but Price does not cause Production, but causes Consumption. This is in line with the results of the VAR model which show that an increase in the price of energy in the Rural Zone would reduce its consumption, negatively impacting productivity, since energy is an important input for production and income in the agricultural sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Esse artigo analisa a desigualdade e a necessidade de movimento da população entre classes de renda e entre os municípios das Mesorregiões Diferenciadas do Sul do Brasil para se chegar à distribuição de renda esperada. Foram utilizados como indicadores de desigualdade o movimento virtual da população (m) e o movimento virtual relativo de população (índice de dissimilaridade - d), a partir de dados do Censo Demográfico. Os resultados mostram que a Mesorregião Grande Fronteira do Mercosul apresenta maior desigualdade e maior necessidade de movimento da população entre as classes de renda e entre os municípios. Além disso, essa desigualdade aumentou entre 2000 e 2010 em boa parte dos municípios dos estados do Rio Grande do Sul e Paraná e diminuiu nos municípios de Santa Catarina. Na Mesorregião Metade Sul do Rio Grande do Sul, a desigualdade é menor e apresenta índices menores para a necessidade de movimento da população entre classes de renda e entre os municípios dessa mesorregião, além de uma tendência de redução entre 2000 e 2010. Abstract: This paper analyzes inequality and the need for population movement between income classes and between municipalities in the differentiated regions of Southern Brazil to reach the expected income distribution. The virtual population movement (m) and the relative virtual population movement (dissimilarity index - d) were used as indicators of inequality, based on data from the Demographic Census. The results show that the Great Border Region of Mercosul presents greater inequality and a greater need for population movement between income classes and between municipalities. Furthermore, this inequality increased between 2000 and 2010 in most municipalities in the states of Rio Grande do Sul and Paraná Stats and decreased in the municipalities of Santa Catarina. In the Mid-South Region of Rio Grande do Sul, inequality is lower and presents lower rates for the need for population movement between income classes and between municipalities in this mesoregion, in addition to a reduction trend between 2000 and 2010.

Este estudo investigou a interrupção parcial ou total do setor/atividade de fabricação de produtos de fumo, com o objetivo de quantificar a perda percentual na produção nacional em caso de uma interrupção hipotética deste setor, parte da cadeia produtiva do tabaco. Utilizando a abordagem da Matriz Insumo Produto (MIP) e o Método de Extração Hipotética (MEH), a fabricação de produtos de fumo foi artificialmente excluída, e o impacto dessa exclusão sobre o valor total da produção da economia brasileira foi avaliado. Foram utilizados os dados da Matriz de Insumo-produto Nacional de 2018, estimada pelo Núcleo de Economia Regional e Urbana (NEREUS/USP). Os resultados indicam que a eliminação hipotética da atividade de fabricação de produtos de fumo resultaria em uma contração de 0,15% do valor bruto da produção, 0,14% do valor adicionado e 0,18% no emprego no Brasil em todos os setores. Portanto, o estudo indica que a interrupção da fabricação de produtos de fumo gera perdas econômicas, afetando mais significativamente os setores de agricultura, comércio por atacado e transporte terrestre. Abstract: This paper investigated the partial or total interruption of the tobacco product manufacturing sector/activity, with the objective of quantifying the percentage loss in national production in the event of a hypothetical interruption of this sector, part of the tobacco production chain. Using the Input Output Matrix (IOM) approach and the Hypothetical Extraction Method (HEM), the manufacture of tobacco products was artificially excluded, and the impact of this exclusion on the total value of production in the Brazilian economy was assessed. Data from the 2018 National Input Output Matrix, estimated by the Regional and Urban Economy Center (NEREUS/USP), were used. The results indicate that the hypothetical elimination of the tobacco product manufacturing activity would result in a contraction of 0.15% in the gross value of production, 0.14% in value added and 0.18% in employment in Brazil in all sectors. Therefore, the study indicates that the interruption of the manufacture of tobacco products generates economic losses, most significantly affecting the agriculture, wholesale trade and land transport sectors.

O objetivo deste artigo é caracterizar e diagnosticar o perfil socioeconômico da agricultura familiar do município de Parnaíba, Piauí, evidenciando a sua participação para o desenvolvimento de Parnaíba. A abordagem consistiu na análise de dados estatísticos obtidos do Censo Agropecuário Brasileiro de 2017, acessíveis por meio do Sistema de Recuperação Automática (SIDRA) do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), de acordo com a delimitação de indicadores para a caracterização dos estabelecimentos agropecuários, dos dirigentes das unidades familiares e da mão de obra ocupada. As informações obtidas foram tratadas a partir da estatística descritiva, analisadas e sistematizadas sob formas de tabelas e gráficos. Os resultados indicam que o segmento representa 37% das unidades agropecuárias do município, com predominância de minifúndios e carência de assistência técnica. Os dados mostram também que a categoria se destaca na produção de alimentos básicos, provendo o mercado interno e segurança alimentar das famílias agricultoras, contribui para o dinamismo econômico do município, movimentando mais de 15 milhões de reais em 2017 e emprega 30% da mão de obra rural de Parnaíba. Observa-se reduzida participação dos jovens no desenvolvimento das atividades produtivas, baixo acesso à instrução educacional e organizacional, demonstrando desafios no potencial produtivo, na manutenção e permanência da agricultura familiar. Abstract: The objective of this paper is to characterize and diagnose the socioeconomic profile of family farming in the municipality of Parnaíba, Piauí, highlighting its participation in the development of Parnaíba. The approach consisted of analyzing statistical data obtained from the 2017 Brazilian Agricultural Census, accessible through the Automatic Recovery System (SIDRA) of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), according to the delimitation of indicators for characterizing establishments agricultural workers, heads of family units and employed labor. The information obtained was treated using descriptive statistics, analyzed and systematized in the form of tables and graphs. The results indicate that the segment represents 37% of the municipality's agricultural units, with a predominance of smallholdings and a lack of technical assistance. The data also shows that the category stands out in the production of basic foods, providing the domestic market and food security for farming families, contributing to the economic dynamism of the municipality, generating more than 15 million reais in 2017 and employing 30% of the workforce. rural work in Parnaíba. There is reduced participation of young people in the development of productive activities, low access to educational and organizational instruction, demonstrating challenges in the productive potential and in the maintenance and permanence of family farming.

Este artigo tem por objetivo verificar quais são as estratégias de governança comunitária estabelecidas para a conservação dos bens naturais de uso comum pelos comunitários da Reserva Extrativista (Resex) do Ciriaco, a partir dos oito princípios básicos de Ostrom para se alcançar instituições sólidas. Foi realizada uma pesquisa documental, que analisou os projetos de desenvolvimento da Resex. Ademais, foram aplicados questionários aos Comunitários e aos membros do Conselho Deliberativo da Resex do Ciriaco. Os resultados mostraram que um único modelo de governança comunitária para os bens naturais não é suficiente para promover o equilíbrio e a durabilidade das instituições e a sustentabilidade socioambiental e cultural, essenciais em uma Reserva Extrativista. A construção de uma agenda de pesquisa contribuiria para ampliar e aprofundar pontos da governança comunitária que requerem maior clareza, como: ampliar os princípios que indicam a prosperidade e a sustentabilidade de Reservas Extrativistas ao longo do tempo, buscando atender às demandas regionais (sociais, ambientais e culturais) e às especificidades de cada bioma. Abstract: This paper aims to verify the community governance strategies established for the conservation of common-use natural resources by the community members of the Ciriaco Extractive Reserve (Resex), based on Ostrom's eight basic principles for achieving robust institutions. Documentary research was conducted, analyzing the development projects of the Resex. Additionally, questionnaires were administered to community members and members of the Deliberative Council of the Ciriaco Resex. The results showed that a single model of community governance for natural resources is not sufficient to promote the balance and durability of institutions and socio-environmental and cultural sustainability, which are essential in an Extractive Reserve. Building a research agenda would contribute to expanding and deepening aspects of community governance that require greater clarity, such as expanding the principles that indicate the prosperity and sustainability of Extractive Reserves over time, seeking to meet regional (social, environmental, and cultural) demands and the specificities of each biome.

O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar e analisar os principais resultados da pesquisa de campo em dez unidades prisionais da região metropolitana de São Paulo, por meio da aplicação de questionários/entrevistas com 408 detentos que cometeram crimes econômicos. O referencial teórico utilizado foi a economia do crime. Como principais resultados, as travas morais (família-educação/escola-religião) que podem impedir a migração para o crime lucrativo estão fragilizadas entre os pesquisados. As principais motivações para a realização da atividade criminosa (ideia de ganho fácil, cobiça/ambição/ganância e indução de outras pessoas) coadunam com as motivações que a literatura correlata apresenta. Com os benefícios maiores do que os custos, sendo a renda média do crime de R$46.176,40 (12,8 vezes mais do que a renda do trabalho legal), o crime compensa! Políticas de Estado que estimulem mais oportunidade, emprego, trabalho e educação são formas apontadas pelos pesquisados para diminuir esses crimes. Quando foram mencionadas as punições/penas capazes de dissuadir o crime, destacou-se a premência de leis críveis. ABSTRACT: The aim of this paper is to present and analyze the main results of field research conducted in ten prison units in the metropolitan region of São Paulo (Brazil), using questionnaires/interviews with 408 inmates who had committed economic crimes. The theoretical framework used was the economics of crime. As main findings, the moral barriers (family-education/school-religion) that could prevent migration to profitable crime are weakened among the respondents. The main motivations for engaging in criminal activity (the idea of easy gain, greed/ambition, and inducement by others) align with the motivations presented in related literature. With benefits outweighing costs, and the average income from crime being R$46,176.40 (12.8 times higher than legal employment income), crime pays off! State policies that promote more opportunities, employment, work, and education are pointed out by respondents as ways to reduce these crimes. When discussing the punishments/penalties that could deter crime, the urgency of tougher laws was emphasized.

Este artigo analisou a importância das incubadoras na produção de inovação ao longo dos municípios do Paraná. Para isso, foi utilizado o número de patentes acumuladas entre 2015 e 2019 como indicador de inovação, estimando um modelo TOBIT espacial que levou em conta outras variáveis, como unidades produtivas locais, exportações, distância da capital e população ocupada. Como resultado, verificou que as incubadoras detêm um papel fundamental na promoção da inovação ao longo do Paraná, induzindo a produção de patentes no município e também no seu entorno, por meio dos transbordamentos espaciais. Abstract: This paper analyzed the importance of incubators in fostering innovation across municipalities in the state of Paraná. To achieve this, the number of patents accumulated between 2015 and 2019 was used as an innovation indicator, estimating a spatial TOBIT model that took into account other variables such as local productive units, exports, distance from the capital, and occupied population. As a result, it was found that incubators play a crucial role in promoting innovation across Paraná, inducing patent production not only within the municipality but also in the surrounding areas through spatial spillovers.

Em 2023 comemorou-se os 50 anos de regiões metropolitanas (RMs) no Brasil. Ante o incremento da população urbana no estado do Maranhão nos últimos 30 anos é que se objetiva analisar a institucionalidade e efetivação de suas três RMs. Para tanto, levou-se a efeito revisão bibliográfica assentada nos seguintes procedimentos: levantamento bibliográfico e documental; seleção, análise e interpretação dos dados e informações obtidas. Os resultados revelaram descompasso entre a institucionalidade e a efetivação das três RMs, sobretudo quando confrontadas com dados do Regic 2008 e 2018, aliadas aos entraves da governança interfederativa. Conclui-se que há possibilidade de reversão desses descompassos a partir da efetivação da governança interfederativa. Abstract: In 2023, the 50th anniversary of Metropolitan Regions (MRs) was celebrated in Brazil. In view of the increase in the urban population in the state of Maranhão in the last 30 years, the aim of this Paper is to analyze the institutionality and effectiveness of these three MRs. To this end, a bibliographical review was carried out based on the following procedures: a bibliographical and documentary survey; selection, analysis and interpretation of the data and information obtained. The results reveal a mismatch between the institutional framework and the implementation of the three MRs, especially when compared with data from Regic 2008 and 2018, combined with obstacles to interfederative governance. The conclusion is that there is a possibility of reversing these mismatches through effective interfederative governance.

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O objetivo do artigo é demonstrar as mudanças demográficas que ocorreram no estado do Paraná e nos municípios polo da Mesorregião Oeste Paranaense, Cascavel, Foz do Iguaçu e Toledo, por meio das medidas de fecundidade (Taxa de Fecundidade Total (TFT), Taxa Líquida de Reprodução (TLR)), de mortalidade (tabela de vida e expectativa de vida ao nascer), de envelhecimento populacional e estrutura etária (Índice de Envelhecimento (IE) e pirâmides etárias), nos anos de 2000, 2010 e 2022. Os resultados corroboram as teorias e indicam que existe uma relação entre os fatores socioeconômicos e as medidas demográficas encontradas. Foz do Iguaçu apresenta maior fecundidade, as menores expectativas de vida ao nascer e uma população mais jovem, bem como indicadores de desenvolvimento mais defasados. O contrário ocorre com Toledo, que apresenta menor fecundidade, maior expectativa de vida ao nascer, uma população mais envelhecida e melhores indicadores de desenvolvimento. O município de Cascavel e o estado do Paraná apresentam uma situação intermediária. Abstract: The objective of the paper is to demonstrate the demographic changes that occurred in the state of Paraná and in the pole municipalities of the West Parana Mesoregion, Cascavel, Foz do Iguaçu and Toledo, through fertility measures (Total Fertility Rate (TFR), Net Reproduction Rate Reproduction (NRR)), mortality (life table and life expectancy at birth), population aging and age structure (Aging Index (IE) and age pyramids), in the years 2000, 2010 and 2022. The results corroborate theories and indicate that there is a relationship between socioeconomic factors and the demographic measures found. Foz do Iguaçu has higher fertility, lower life expectancy at birth and a younger population, as well as lagging development indicators. The opposite occurs in Toledo, which has lower fertility, higher life expectancy at birth, an older population and better development indicators. The municipality of Cascavel and the state of Paraná present an intermediate situation.

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar a evolução do comércio de Valor Adicionado Doméstico - VAD brasileiro, assim como participação do Brasil nas Cadeias Globais de Valor - CGVs, considerando os seus principais parceiros comerciais, por meio dos indicadores Trade in value-added – TiVA e das matrizes mundiais de insumo-produto Inter-Country Input-Output Tables – ICIO release 2018, disponibilizadas pela Organisation for Economic Co-operation e Development – OECD. Os resultados mostram que os produtos exportados pelo Brasil para União Europeia, China e Coréia do Sul apresentam maior proporção de VAD, em relação ao total das exportações. No entanto, são produtos com baixo valor adicionado em termos absolutos, pois são, em sua maioria, exportados in natura ou semielaborados. Já os produtos exportados pelo Brasil para Argentina, México, e a região Andina, apresentam menor proporção de VAD em relação ao valor total das exportações, contudo, são produtos de alta e média tecnologia que utilizam processos mais elaborados em sua produção e abrem mais espaço para inserção de conteúdo importado, o que corrobora para a maior inserção do Brasil nas CGVs. Além disso, apresentam maior valor adicionado em termos absolutos. Abstract: The aim of this paper is to analyze the evolution of Brazilian Domestic Value Added - DVA trade, as well as Brazil's participation in Global Value Chains - CGVs, considering the Brazilian main trading partners, through the Trade in value-added indicators - TiVA and the Inter-Country Input-Output Tables - ICIO, release 2018, made available by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development – OECD. The results show that products exported by Brazil to the European Union, China and South Korea have a higher proportion of DVA in relation to total exports. However, they are low value-added products in absolute terms, as they are mostly exported in natura or semi-processed. On the other hand, Products exported by Brazil to Argentina, Mexico, and the Andean region, have a lower proportion of DVA in relation to the total value of exports, however, they are high and medium technology products that use more elaborate processes in their production and make room for insertion of imported content, which corroborates for the greater insertion of Brazil in the GVCs. In addition, they have higher value added in absolute terms.

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O objetivo do trabalho é compreender de que forma as capacidades estatais influenciam no planejamento da gestão pública, a partir do Plano Plurianual (PPA) de oito municípios do Rio Grande do Norte (RN). Procuramos responder a seguinte pergunta: como as capacidades estatais se refletem nos produtos do planejamento governamental dos entes locais? O estudo se propõe a: a) identificar relações de interdependência entre capacidades estatais e qualidades do processo de planejamento municipal; b) revelar a interferência de aspectos socioeconômicos locais sobre a interação entre capacidades estatais e planejamento da gestão pública local; e c) identificação de elementos e indicadores da participação social nos planos estratégicos, bem como a verificação do nível de aderência do instrumento de planejamento aos contextos locais a que se destinam. No que se refere aos métodos, este estudo qualitativo de múltiplos casos se valerá da análise de conteúdo, síntese e interpretação dos dados captados nos PPA. Abstract: The objective of this paper is to understand how state capacities influence public management planning, based on the Pluriannual Plan (PPA) of eight municipalities in Rio Grande do Norte (RN). We try to answer the following question: how are state capacities reflected in the products of government planning by local entities? The study aims to: a) identify interdependent relationships between state capacities and qualities of the municipal planning process; b) reveal the interference of local socioeconomic aspects on the interaction between state capacities and local public management planning; and c) identification of elements and indicators of social participation in strategic plans, as well as verification of the level of adherence of the planning instrument to the local contexts for which they are intended. With regard to methods, this qualitative study of multiple cases will make use of content analysis, synthesis and interpretation of the data collected in the PPA.

O presente artigo tem como objetivo discutir a implementação do planejamento orientado à acessibilidade no planejamento urbano e de transportes de cidades de pequeno porte. Partindo de uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, são elencadas práticas a serem adotadas, conforme características de morfologia e estrutura urbana, legislação urbanística e inserção regional, para cada sistema componente do modelo ALUTI (sistema de atividades, uso do solo e de transportes). Os resultados contribuem para ampliar a visão sobre o planejamento urbano e de transportes em cidades de pequeno porte, a partir do entendimento de suas particularidades. Abstract: This paper discusses the application of accessibility-oriented planning in urban and transportation planning in small cities. Based on bibliographic and documental research, practices to be adopted are listed, according to morphology and urban structure characteristics, urban legislation, and regional insertion, for each component system of the ALUTI model (activity system, land use, and transportation). The results contribute to broadening the vision of urban and transport planning in small cities by understanding their particularities.

O Turismo de Base Comunitária (TBC) é um modo de gestão das atividades de visitação protagonizado e autogerido pela comunidade, podendo ser um vetor para desenvolver endogenamente periferias urbanas e áreas rurais. Considerando o potencial do TBC de esculpir socialmente um determinado território, pela interação com outros atores, o presente trabalho investiga quais dimensões socioterritoriais o TBC pode coproduzir através governança pública. Isso foi feito por uma pesquisa exploratória qualitativa, realizando uma revisão integrativa da literatura. A análise dos dados se baseou na técnica análise de conteúdo do tipo temática. Dessa forma, os resultados da pesquisa indicaram que o TBC pode coproduzir quatro dimensões socioterritoriais pela governança pública: a ambiental; a cultural; a econômica; e a política. Tais resultados contribuem teoricamente para avançar na compreensão das características socioterritoriais que o TBC ajuda a promover por meio da governança. Já como implicação à prática de gestão territorial, este trabalho mostra que a participação de atores do TBC na governança pública gera benefícios para o desenvolvimento e coprodução do território endogenamente. Abstract: Community-Based Tourism (TBC) is a way of managing visitation activities led and self-managed by the community, and can be a vector to endogenously develop urban peripheries and rural areas. Considering the potential of TBC to socially sculpt a given territory, through interaction with other actors, this paper investigates which socio-territorial dimensions TBC can co-produce through public governance. This was done through a qualitative exploratory research, performing an integrative literature review. Data analysis was based on the thematic content analysis technique. Thus, the research results indicated that the TBC can co-produce four socio-territorial dimensions for public governance: the environmental; the cultural; the economic; and the policy. Such results theoretically contribute to advancing the understanding of the socio-territorial characteristics that TBC helps to promote through governance. Already as an implication to the practice of territorial management, this work shows that the participation of TBC actors in public governance generates benefits for the development and co-production of the territory endogenously.

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O objetivo desse texto é analisar a reestruturação e o perfil de localização das atividades produtivas no Oeste paranaense. O período de análise desse estudo foi 2007 a 2013. A variável-base utilizada foi o Valor Adicionado Fiscal (VAF). O VAF é a soma dos valores das mercadorias saídas, menos a soma das mercadorias entradas no município acrescido do valor das prestações de serviços realizados no município. A partir dos resultados apresentados percebeu se que o Oeste Paranaense apresentou crescimento econômico no período de 2007 a 2013, evidenciado pelo crescimento do Valor Adicionado Fiscal, que é um importante indicador de crescimento econômico. As três cidades de maior representatividade da região continuam em destaque, porém com crescimentos mais acentuados para Toledo e Cascavel em detrimento à Foz do Iguaçu. Todos os setores produtivos apresentaram avanços neste período. Abstract: This paper analyze the restructuring and location profile of productive activities in western Paraná. The analysis period of this study was from 2007 to 2013. The base variable used was the Added Tax Value (VAF). The VAF is the sum of the values of outgoing goods, minus the sum of goods entering the municipality plus the value of services provided in the municipality. From the results presented, it was noticed that the West of Paraná State presented economic growth in the period from 2007 to 2013, evidenced by the growth of the VAF, which is an important indicator of economic growth. The three most representative cities in the region continue to be highlighted, but with more pronounced growth for Toledo and Cascavel to the detriment of Foz do Iguaçu. All productive sectors showed advances in this period.

As mudanças climáticas estão se tornando um motivo de preocupação para a agricultura de cereais em todo o mundo. No Brasil, o estado do Rio Grande do Sul é altamente representativo neste tipo de cultura agrícola, com participação de 60% na produção nacional. Nesse sentido, o objetivo do trabalho foi analisar os impactos econômicos das anomalias climáticas do El Niño e La Niña na oferta de cereais no estado do Rio Grande do Sul (RS) e no restante do Brasil (RB) entre 2008 e 2015. Os maiores impactos positivos ocorreram nos anos de 2011 e 2013, enquanto os períodos com os maiores efeitos negativos foram observados nos anos de 2012 e 2015. Os setores mais impactados foram: alimentos, bebidas e fumo; pecuária e pesca; serviços de habitação e alimentação, que são os maiores compradores de cereais. Em termos gerais, no período as perdas acumuladas no RS somaram R$ 112 milhões em produção, R$ 24 milhões em exportações e 705 empregos diretos e indiretos. Abstract: Climate change is becoming a cause of concern for cereal farming around the world. In Brazil, the state of Rio Grande do Sul is highly representative in this type of agricultural crop, with a 60% participation in the national production. In this sense, the objective of this paper was to analyze the economic impacts of the climatic anomalies of El Niño and La Niña on cereal supply in the state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS) and the rest of Brazil (RB) between 2008 and 2015. The greatest positive impacts occurred in the years 2011 and 2013, while the periods with the greatest negative effects were observed in the years of 2012 and 2015. The sectors most impacted were: food, beverages and tobacco; livestock and fisheries; housing and food services, which are the largest buyers of cereals. In general terms, accumulated losses in the RS totaled R$ 112 million in production, R$ 24 million in exports and 705 direct and indirect jobs.

O objetivo deste artigo é compreender como o processo histórico de ocupação do território da microrregião Bico do Papagaio, no Estado do Tocantins, entre 1930 e 1990, delineou o seu desenvolvimento. Para alcançá-lo, foram analisados os indicadores econômicos e sociais dos municípios que compõem a microrregião, bem como a identificação e análise dos planos de desenvolvimento federais e estaduais que incidiram sobre a região. Os resultados demonstram que o processo de ocupação do território baseou-se na concentração fundiária e no modelo produtivo da pecuária bovina de corte, fatores determinantes para explicar as assimetrias sociais e econômicas presentes na microrregião. Todos os municípios apresentaram IDH abaixo da média nacional, além de baixo PIB per capita, o que impacta na qualidade de vida da população. Conclui-se que a microrregião apresenta limitações quanto ao se desenvolvimento em decorrência da efetivação de um modelo econômico e social produtor e reprodutor de assimetrias sociais. ABSTRACT : The objective of this paper is to understand how the historical process of occupation of the territory of the Bico do Papagaio microregion, in the State of Tocantins, between 1930 and 1990, outlined its development. To achieve this, the economic and social indicators of the municipalities that make up the micro-region were analyzed, as well as the identification and analysis of the federal and state development plans that affected the region. The results demonstrate that the process of occupation of the territory was based on land concentration and on the productive model of beef cattle raising, determining factors to explain the social and economic asymmetries present in the micro-region. All municipalities had HDI below the national average, in addition to low GDP per capita, which impacts on the quality of life of the population. It is concluded that the micro-region has limitations in terms of development due to the implementation of an economic and social model that produces and reproduces social asymmetries.

Este trabalho tem por objetivo fornecer uma leitura econômica do final do governo militar brasileiro segundo a teoria austríaca dos ciclos econômicos. O auge desse período, chamado de “milagre” econômico, deu início a um ciclo que culminou na crise dos anos 1980. As constantes intervenções do governo no sistema econômico, a fim de promover investimentos, acelerar o crescimento, estimular setores considerados prioritários e controlar preços, promoveram o processo inflacionário e a “década perdida” de 1980. Abstract: This paper aims to provide an economic reading of the end of the Brazilian military government according to the Austrian theory of economic cycles. The peak of this period, called the economic “miracle”, started a cycle that culminated in the crisis of the 1980s. The constant government interventions in the economic system, in order to promote investments, accelerate growth, stimulate priority sectors and control prices, promoted the inflationary process, and the “lost decade” of the 1980s.

Brazilian poultry sector stands out as the second largest poultry producer in the world and the world's largest exporter of chicken meat, where Paraná State has one of the most important contributions to the sector. Thus, the main objective of this paper consist to discuss the relationship between poultry producers and their integrators in West region of Paraná, capturing poultry producer’s perception and theirs decisions for choosing and staying in an integration contract. A sample of 98 producers were interviewed and non-parametric statistical tests were used, including cross-reference tables, comparison proportions tests and bivariate correlations. Results indicate that producer profiles are mainly constituted by small or medium enterprises with a high dependence degree on agro-industry. An intense competition exists and mostly, producers choose an integrator based on brand trustworthiness and not according to prices offered, explained by the high specificity of production relationship.

Em vista dos confrontos armados na Ucrânia e as suas consequências negativas para o agronegócio brasileiro, analisou-se o seu nível de dependência com os fertilizantes importados. Justificou-se o estudo devido à elevação nos custos de produção agrícola e às limitações internas no fornecimento de insumos a montante. Para tanto, empregaram-se dados secundários oficiais e análises gráficas e econométricas que identificaram quais os elementos com maior nível de prioridade para os plantadores de soja e milho do Brasil. Os resultados apontaram que todos os componentes da formulação NPK (nitrogenados, fosfatados e potássios) importados se correlacionam com a produção e produtividade dos grãos em estudo. Nesse contexto, destacou-se a ureia, da qual a Petrobras era um dos fornecedores até 2015. Portanto, a mitigação da subordinação estrangeira no agronegócio brasileiro, passa, a princípio, pela reformulação do setor petroquímico nacional. Abstract: Recent armed conflicts in Ukraine have caused negative effects on Brazilian agribusiness. Fertilizer supply has been strongly dependent on imported products, focus of this research. Increased costs of national food production due to shortage of national fertilizer production were the main motives for this paper. Data was obtained by governmental institutions and submitted to visual and econometric analysis. It was intended to identify which fertilizer inputs have been crucial for soy and maize producers in Brazil. The results suggested that all elements of NPK (nitrogenous, phosphate, and potassium) were correlated to production and profitability. Furthermore, urea is a core input which Petrobras produced until 2015. In conclusion, the mitigation of external dependence on Brazilian agribusiness requires a reframing of national petrochemical industry.

O artigo analisou as políticas públicas elaboradas com a finalidade de auxiliar e manter as atividades econômicas das micro e pequenas empresas no Brasil no período da pandemia de covid-19. O estudo apresenta abordagem qualitativa, exploratória e descritiva, e tem como instrumento de coleta de dados secundários a pesquisa documental, com recorte temporal dos anos 2020 e 2021. Constatou-se que várias políticas públicas foram elaboradas e implementadas com a finalidade de auxiliar na continuidade das atividades das micro e pequenas empresas durante a pandemia de covid-19, a curto prazo, em caráter emergencial. Estas consistiram, especialmente, em medidas de prorrogação dos prazos de pagamento de taxas e impostos e de acesso ao crédito. Apesar de essas medidas terem alcançado uma parcela das micro e pequena empresas, algumas barreiras inviabilizaram um acesso mais amplo dessas empresas a estas políticas públicas governamentais, que não foram capazes de equalizar oportunidades entre empreendedores mais vulneráveis. ABSTRACT: This paper analyzed public policies designed to help maintain the economic activities of micro and small companies in Brazil during the covid-19 pandemic. The study presents a qualitative, exploratory, and descriptive approach as an instrument for collecting secondary data for the documentary research, with a time frame of 2020 and 2021. It was found that several public policies were developed and implemented with the purpose of assisting in the continuity of the activities of micro and small companies during the covid-19 pandemic in the short term, on an emergency basis. These consisted especially of measures to extend the deadlines for payment of fees and taxes and access to credit. However, although these measures have reached a portion of micro and small companies, some barriers made it impossible for these companies to have broader access to these government public policies, not being able to equalize opportunities for the most vulnerable entrepreneurs.

O presente artigo propõe analisar a arena de debate da Pequena Usina Hidrelétrica (PCH) de Paiol Grande em Palmas-PR e caracterizar os seus atores a partir da teoria da construção social dos problemas ambientais de John Hannigan. A análise tangencia o processo de licenciamento ambiental, suspenso judicialmente, para tratar a construção social do problema ambiental e suas arenas de discussão, no sentido de caracterizar os principais personagens e o papel que desempenham no debate. Também, se faz uma avaliação da problemática a partir do paradigma científico, tendo como elemento principal o Estudo Preliminar de Impacto Ambiental (EPIA), que é confrontado com as temáticas da complexidade ambiental e interdisciplinaridade. Abstract: This paper proposes to analyze the debate arena of the Paiol Grande Small Hydroeletric Plant (PCH) in Palmas-PR and to characterize its actors from John Hannigan's theory of the social construction of environmental problems. The analysis touches on the judicially suspended environmental licensing process to address the social construction of the environmental problem and its discussion arenas, in the sense of characterizing the main characters and the role they play in the debate. Also, an assessment of the problem is carried out from the scientific paradigm, having as its main element the Preliminary Study of Environmental Impact (EPIA), which is confronted with the themes of environmental complexity and interdisciplinarity.

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O artigo analisa o crescimento econômico, demográfico e o nível de desenvolvimento do município de Toledo no Oeste do Paraná. Os dados utilizados foram obtidos junto ao IBGE, IPARDES e o CAGED/MT. Analisaram-se dados de origem censitária de 1940 a 2010 e suas atualizações para identificar o comportamento econômico e social do município. Viu-se então que Toledo exibiu um expressivo avanço em seus indicadores relacionados às dinâmicas populacional e econômica e no seu desenvolvimento; e que seu crescimento econômico e a geração de empregos formais foram liderados pelos setores secundário e terciário; e que o índice de desenvolvimento mostrou elevação no espaço de tempo analisado. Abstract: This paper analyzes the economic and demographic growth and the level of development of the municipality of Toledo in the West of Paraná. The data used were obtained from IBGE, IPARDES and CAGED/MT. Census data from 1940 to 2010 and their updates were analyzed to identify the economic and social behavior of the municipality. It was then seen that Toledo showed a significant advance in its indicators related to population and economic dynamics and in its development; and that its economic growth and the generation of formal jobs were led by the secondary and tertiary sectors; and that the development index showed an increase in the analyzed period of time.