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This study addresses the transparency of Brazilian public health management, focusing on the Covid-19 pandemic, in order to strengthen the public debate about the implementation and consolidation of transparent management. This study carried out a qualitative systematic review. The guiding question adopted in this review was: did the state of public calamity originated with Covid-19 affect in which direction the relationship of public management with the principles of transparency? Studies that addressed the concept of transparency, related to the sphere of public health administration, within the scope of the Covid-19 pandemic, were eligible. Papers published in journals indexed in the Portal de Periódicos da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) database were selected. Of the 55 articles resulting from the search, 6 articles were included in the qualitative synthesis of this review by matched the eligibility criteria. Among the studies included in the review, only one study presented an example of efficiency in the accessibility of information on the application of public resources during the pandemic, evidencing the existence of a gap in the practical application of effective transparency in Brazilian public management, despite the robust institutional framework of Brazilian public management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective was to describe the experiences obtained through extension actions in maternal and child health scope based on the Theory of Praxis Intervention in Public Health Nursing. This paper is an experience report carried out in a primary health unit in the northern region of Ceará (Brazil). The theory implementation made it possible to understand the objective reality that formed that territory, as well as to elaborate a plan based on the population's subjectivities. Such actions had a direct impact on the organization of the unit. They provided the childcare group reactivation, knowledge building through moments of health promotion and education, and contribution to training nursing students as future professionals. The experiences obtained directly imply the redefinition of group approaches, emphasizing the maternal-child scope and the stimulation of a holistic view and critical thinking by nursing academics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Integrative and Complementary Health Practices (PICS) bring a subject-centered care proposal that values traditional knowledge and natural mechanisms for health maintenance and recovery and has been expanding in recent decades, following the publication of the National Policy of Integrative and Complementary Practices (PNPIC) and the definition of WHO strategies for Traditional and Complementary Medicines (MTCI). Such political actions can have repercussions on health education and imply a position of resistance and epistemological discussion within the universities by teachers and trainers. Objectives: Know the understanding of coordinators and teachers of undergraduate health courses in the State of Bahia about the insertion of PICS in health education and their interface with public policies. Methodology: Exploratory-descriptive study, constructed from a structured electronic questionnaire, developed at REDCap, applied to coordinators and professors of undergraduate health courses in the state of Bahia. Results/Discussion: Teachers and course coordinators identify PICS as practices that promoting expanded, integrative, complementary, and alternative care, recognizing them as health rationalities distinct from the biomedical model. Final Considerations: This paper analyzes the complexity involved in health education processes and discusses the need to strengthen training actions in PICS in the field of public policies according to the principles of the Public Heath, but also as responses to the care demands of contemporary society, especially weakened by the recent experience of a pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper evaluates the microbiological quality of ground beef through a meta-analytic study using Google Scholar Brazil database, with a focus on the search period between October 2020 and June 2021. A total of 108 scientific studies were evaluated with the analyzed variables, referring to the counts of mesophilic bacteria, psychrotrophic bacteria, total coliforms, thermotolerant coliforms, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella sp. in colony forming unit per gram of meat (CFU.g-1). Data were subjected to descriptive analysis and normal distribution by frequency histogram. The counts of mesophilic bacteria presented an average of 3.09 CFU.g-1, with a coefficient of variation of 68.53%. Psychrotrophic bacteria represented 27.27% of the data collected, close to 5.60 CFU.g-1. Regarding thermotolerant coliforms, 40% of the data collected had counts between 0.90 and 40% at 3.10 CFU.g-1. Eight studies showed effects (p < 0.001) on the presence of Salmonella sp. in ground beef. This meta-analytic study was classified as heterogeneous (Chi² = 80.39; p < 0.001) and with high inconsistency (I² = 81%). Besides, the meta-analysis allowed identifying low counts of mesophilic bacteria and Staphylococcus aureus in Brazilian studies addressing the microbiological quality of ground beef. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New juridical needs linked to the National Health System (SUS) in Brazil during the pandemic forward significant cases for the analysis of the national public health during the period. Through urgency tutelages which demanded the transference of SARS-CoV-2 infected people to Intensive Care Therapy, current paper analyzes aspects of juridical decisions in the health area during the pandemic. Juridical demand and the deferment or not of demands are analytic sources to understand the state of the Brazilian health system couple to the usefulness of these decisions within the same context and to identify important aspects on the situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to present an ex-post analysis of industrial and science, technology and innovation (sti) policies to the Health Industrial Complex, between 2003-2017 in Brazil, from the perspective of the public health value. We concluded that the intention to meet social health needs was present in the policies' design, however, the lack of objectivity and clarity in their definitions made it difficult to articulate the three fields of policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Few papers address the importance of using Theoretical Models in research, as well as instructions for their elaboration. Objective: To present a theoretical-methodological proposal for the construction of theoretical models. Method: This is a narrative review, whose material collection was carried out in a non-systematic way, with papers being elected based exclusively on the line of argument and reflection the authors intended to submit to public appreciation and debate. Collection was carried out from July 2018 to March 2019, in Portuguese, Spanish and English. Results: The importance of using Theoretical Models was presented, as well as a 7-step process for their elaboration: Identification and Delimitation of the Study Object (Step 1); Cognitive Rescue and Storm of Ideas (Step 2); Representation of the Theoretical Model (Step 3); Literature Review on the Theme (Step 4); Drawing up of the Theoretical Model (Step5); Submission of the Theoretical Model to Specialists (Step 6); and Restructuring and Completion of the Theoretical Model (Step 7). Conclusion: It is hoped that this article will raise discussions and reflection on the current methods that permeate scientific creation and encourage the use of Theoretical Models as the basis of scientific research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leptospirosis is one of the waterborne diseases that strongly concern the health in Brazil. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to identify, analyze, and describe the socioeconomic, environmental, and climatic factors that can be directly related to the increase of the leptospirosis cases. In addition, the present study carried out a temporal and spatial analysis to demonstrate the relationship between publications and cases-deaths in Brazil. By searching the databases of the CAPES and LILACS, we selected 43 papers that dealt with leptospirosis and flood in Brazil. Most of the evaluated papers related the occurrence of extreme hydrological events to the increase in the number of cases of leptospirosis. The others focused other factors such as waste accumulation, lack of urban drainage, working services, and so on. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the Americas and raised blood pressure accounts for over 50% of CVD. In the Americas over a quarter of adult women and four in ten adult men have hypertension and the diagnosis, treatment and control are suboptimal. In 2021, the World Health Organization (WHO) released an updated guideline for the pharmacological treatment of hypertension in adults. This policy paper highlights the facilitating role of the WHO Global HEARTS initiative and the HEARTS in the Americas initiative to catalyze the implementation of this guideline, provides specific policy advice for implementation, and emphasizes that an overarching strategic approach for hypertension control is needed. The authors urge health advocates and policymakers to prioritize the prevention and control of hypertension to improve the health and wellbeing of their populations and to reduce CVD health disparities within and between populations of the Americas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agrochemicals are chemical products used in agricultural and stock breeding programs. Since they are products which endanger the environment, they are regulated by specific norms. Brazil is one of the biggest agricultural and stock breeding producers with the highest rates of pesticides. The number of agrochemicals registered in Brazil has greatly increased during the last years, but regulating norms remained unaltered. Normative and policy changes occurred which made flexible registers and increased uses. Current paper analyzes present norms and verifies the occurrence of flexibilization by quality research with a review of the literature and documents. Results show that there was an increase in the number of registers and the employment of agrochemicals, many of which have been prohibited in Europe. Flexibilization occurred by political and economical decisions without taking into account issues of public health and environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the end of 2019, in Wuhan, China, a coronavirus pandemic started, later called SARS CoV 2 and identified as the cause of CO VID 19 disease. This virus is a public health concern due to its ease of transmission. This virus is a public health concern due to its ease of transmission. One way to reduce this spread is by reinforcing biosafety care, therefore, this research aimed to describe the biosafety measures that should be adopted by laboratories to contain the new coronavirus in the workplace and also present the effective ways of inactivating the virus in clinical samples. For this, a bibliographic review was carried out in the online database of the Virtual Health Library (VHL), using the descriptors "Coronavirus Infections" or "Coronavirus Infections" and "Biosafety". After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, thirteen papers were used to write this material. Subsequently, biosafety measures against SARS CoV 2 were described, sectioned by: work team, personal protective equipment, laboratory environment, sample handling, sample processing and analysis, accidents and virus inactivation in samples. It can be concluded that it is essential for the laboratory team to know the principles of biosafety, in order to try to reduce the transmission of the new coronavirus, in addition to continuous training for professionals and the adoption of strict protocols and guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current paper diagnosed intestinal parasites in children and pre-adolescents (0 to 14 years old) and verified their health conditions. The study was carried out in the Igarapé Santa Cruz, municipality of Breves, in the state of Pará, Brazil. A questionnaire was handed out and fecal samples from 250 children were collected. Further, 91.20% of positive cases was detected for at least one parasite species, although 62.72% had polyparasitism. In the case of parasite groups, 70.8% were infected by helminths and 65.6% by protozoa. The most prevalent species were Trichuris trichiura (68.8%), Endolimax nana (48.4%), Ascaris lumbricoides (37.2%) and Entamoeba histolytica/E.dispar (33.6%). Health status revealed that 62.9% had a history of gastrointestinal disease and 18.0% of hospitalization. The most prominent clinical manifestations were abdominal pain, elimination of worms and diarrhea. In view of the state of health and high prevalence of entero-parasitosis, interventions involving control and treatment are mandatory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to map the profile and professional skills of the alumni from the Integrated Dentistry Graduate Program - PGO of the State University of Maringá - UEM, from 2008 to 2019. A Google Forms survey with 19 questions was applied and complementary data was obtained from the Program's secretariat. A total of 74 out of 104 alumni answered the survey (71.2%), 59 female and 15 male respondents. Most (72.98%) lived in the state of Paraná, were married, and averaged 26 years old at the time of enrollment. Upon completion of the course, 50% pursued a Ph.D. and 40.5% took specialization courses. The most common area for Ph.D. was Integrated Dentistry and for specialization, Orthodontics was the most common area. Among the alumni, 33 (44.6%) worked as full-time professors, most in private institutions, or combined teaching with private or public health service practice. Most alumni reported keeping their curriculum vitae at the Lattes Platform updated and after concluding Graduate Program, have published papers in national and international scientific journals. We conclude that the alumni are concentrated in the state of Paraná (72.98%) and many are professors. So, the PGO/UEM has attained its institutional objectives. However, there is a need for constant evaluation of the alumni to identify important factors for improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper focuses on some speeches by Brazilian evangelical leaders regarding religious freedom and public health. It sought to identify some elements of evangelical public culture and some moral values that are shared by several evangelical groups that combine with the power strategies of the government of President Jair Messias Bolsonaro and with the power strategies of the leaders of the largest Pentecostal churches. In times of Covid- 19 pandemic, it becomes even more evident that so-called evangelical moral economies are mobilized in favor of opportunism and irresponsibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a detailed analysis of how health information was shared and discussed on Twitter in terms of awareness and opinions during the 2017 Yellow Fever outbreak in Brazil. For this, the data mining approach with exploratory graph analysis was performed. As main results, Twitter activity peaks were identified compared to peaks of cases reported in some regions of the country, an analysis of hashtags linked to the main subject and different topics from the exploratory analysis of graphs such as vaccination campaign, feelings, prevention, rumors, other diseases linked to the same transmitter, among others. This study illustrates that social networks, such as Twitter, offer unique opportunities for participatory surveillance, which can assist in monitoring some aspects of public health and offer additional data to health managers on how people interact during an outbreak. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To analyze the production profile of scientific studies about the worldwide phenomena of mass migration that were conducted from the perspective of the assumptions of collective health. Scope review developed on protocol Joanna Briggs. Literature titles and abstracts were read, full texts were read and the papers that adhered to the study proposal were selected. The strategy resulted in 212 publications of which 15 articles were elected to compose the review. The articles analyzed signaled the hegemony of the functionalist view and the hegemonic medical knowledge. Publications in the area of public health that study world migratory phenomena are made from the positivist perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to discuss how the public budget and the model of basic attention in public health could affect the infant mortality rates in a certain territory. The research was carried out in the Southern Coastal Territory of Bahia, in the State of Bahia, Northeast Region of Brazil. It is a quantitative and descriptive investigation, based on secondary data referring to the period from 2006 to 2015, collected between 2017 and 2018 in official Brazilian public data banks. It was verified that, although the average rate of infant mortality fell gradually from 2006 in the territory, it is still higher than the national average within the investigated period. In 2006, the average rate of the territory was 35.53% and decreased to 18.56% in 2015. However, throughout the period the average rate remained higher than the Brazilian average, which is 18%. Infant mortality rates have a strong relationship with social, economic, and environmental factors. In the case investigated, they are associated with the fragmentation and fragility of public health service networks in the municipalities of the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current paper characterizes deaths by accidents with motorcycles and analyzes mortality trends by time series retrieved from data on deaths of motorcycles drivers in traffic accidents in the state of Goiás, Brazil, between 2000 and 2015, provided by the Mortality Information System. Social and demographic variables, data on number of motorcycles and yearly annual death rates were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. There was a 152.27% increase in mortality rates of motorcycles drivers per 100,000 inhabitants during the period, with 3.09 going to 8.30 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants; in the case of females, increase reached 268.84%. However, young men die more frequently in motorcycle accidents in Goiás, with 88.09% of deaths (n=5.417). Further, death rate increased between 2000 and 2015 and death rates increased per motorcycle accident, characterizing the event as an issue of public health which fails in effective measures to reduce harm to the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper introduces a study aimed at knowing how health providers from a Family Health Strategy (FHS) service address suicide-related demands. This qualitative research with an interpretative approach was developed through a narrative focus group with health workers of a service located in Porto Alegre, Brazil. The staff's difficulties when working with the suicide topic and the resulting emotional effects were identified. Social vulnerabilities of the territory, suicide as a taboo, the workers' management of suicide-related demands, and the health network inadequacy hamper the work. Feelings of helplessness, guilt and frustration, as well as work-associated stress and overload, were emotional effects identified in the staff. It was concluded that the FHS work has potential for suicide prevention, being critical to strengthen the services network and provide continuing qualification and support to the professionals, aiming to offer the necessary resources to face the difficulties related to working with this topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2016, the Amazonas State Secretariat of Health invited public institutions from various sectors to share their decentralized experiences of regional planning. The vast territorial extension, population dispersion and accessibility conditions were the highlighted challenges for all. In public health, the proposition of an alternative that adequately responds to the characteristics of the place and at the same time complies with national guidelines has raised the debate on the feasibility of the regionalization of health policy as normatively planned in such a unique state. This paper highlighted two theorical assumptions raised with regionalization policy to debate the capacity of this arrangement to address the demand of the State of Amazonas: organization of regions to guarantee economy of scale and the continuity of geographic space between neighboring municipalities. We present some local propositions that need to be contemplated within the national arrangement in order to address the local reality, surpassing the hegemonic policy instituted. Regionalization of health, like every strategy, is small-scale, but in order to achieve its objectives in the States of Amazonas, it is necessary to scale up to recognize local details and thus adopt proper regional solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to verify the impact of federal funding on actions to combat dengue in Brazil. The paper tests the hypothesis that an improvement in dengue epidemiological surveillance actions, a result of increased government funding, reduces reported cases of the disease in the municipalities. Methodologically, the work uses a diff-in-diff model and the evidence suggests that the dengue vector control program, through community-level epidemiological monitoring, is effective as a tool for to reduce the cases of the disease, also presents strong heterogeneity in the response between the regions of the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The performance of very elderly people, fallers and non-fallers, is evaluated by the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test with smartphone app (Mobility Suite®). Elderly people (≥90 years) from Porto Alegre, Brazil, were monitored at home. Each one performed TUG using smartphone with Android operational system placed within an elastic belt and tied on the breast near the sternum. The parameters of the test´s individual phases were provided by the app, namely, a) total duration of TUG, in seconds; b) duration of sitting-standing transition, in seconds; c) duration of standing-sitting, in seconds; d) maximum variation of the trunk angle within the inclination phase forward, in degrees; e) maximum angle speed during the inclination phase forward in degrees/seconds. Analysis of socio-demographic and clinical variables, multi-morbidities and poly-pharmacy and variables related to falls were compared. Further, 26.5% of 98 very elderly people evaluated mentioned falls during the previous six months. Elderly people with falls had more depression symptoms (p<0.001). According to app, fallers had the worst performance in each TUG phase. Smartphone Mobility Suite® app evaluated the performance of very elderly fallers and non-fallers during TUG and its parameters. Depression was the only variable statistically significant and indicated that very elderly people with depression had better chances for falling. This paper presents the first report in the use of MobilitySuite® for very elderly people. In fact, app was highly useful for use in the home and may be further used successfully. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The performance of very elderly people, fallers and non-fallers, is evaluated by the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test with smartphone app (Mobility Suite®). Elderly people (≥90 years) from Porto Alegre, Brazil, were monitored at home. Each one performed TUG using smartphone with Android operational system placed within an elastic belt and tied on the breast near the sternum. The parameters of the test's individual phases were provided by the app, namely, a) total duration of TUG, in seconds; b) duration of sitting-standing transition, in seconds; c) duration of standing-sitting, in seconds; d) maximum variation of the trunk angle within the inclination phase forward, in degrees; e) maximum angle speed during the inclination phase forward in degrees/seconds. Analysis of socio-demographic and clinical variables, multi-morbidities and poly-pharmacy and variables related to falls were compared. Further, 26.5% of 98 very elderly people evaluated mentioned falls during the previous six months. Elderly people with falls had more depression symptoms (p<0.001). According to app, fallers had the worst performance in each TUG phase. Smartphone Mobility Suite® app evaluated the performance of very elderly fallers and non-fallers during TUG and its parameters. Depression was the only variable statistically significant and indicated that very elderly people with depression had better chances for falling. This paper presents the first report in the use of MobilitySuite® for very elderly people. In fact, app was highly useful for use in the home and may be further used successfully. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Malignant neoplasm of the breast is responsible for 20% of cancer incidence and 14% of all deaths associated with neoplasms in women. The Brazilian Ministry of Health defined strategies and developed consensus documents with recommendations for the prevention, early detection, diagnosis, treatment and palliative care for breast cancer. Despite this definition, the health secretariats create their own protocols or use other recommendations. Objective: To verify the existing protocols and compare them with the Ministry of Health's. Methods: A literature review was performed using PubMed, Scopus, Lilacs, SciELo and Google Scholar databases with the following keywords: Breast Neoplasms; Unified Health System; Clinical Protocols, Protocol. Results: 123 results are found; of these, 44 were selected for complete reading, remaining 10 papers for this review. It was identified that the health secretariats' protocols diverge from the national protocol regarding risk factors, work of primary care, age indicated for the beginning of preventive exams and indicated periodicity of exams. Conclusion: According to this review, there are divergences between the guidelines of the municipalities and the national one regarding breast cancer. The lack of knowledge on the national protocol can cause unnecessary expenses. It is necessary to standardize or base the actions taken for the development and evaluation of programs for the prevention and treatment of breast cancer, aiming at reducing the mortality resulting from this disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Primary Health Care is the coordinator of Health Care network in Brazil because its characteristics make it to be closer to community living and social needs. In this sense, Contagem, Minas Gerais, is a city of Brazilian southern and has been carrying out many actions in order to strengthen Primary Health Care, for example, its First Primary Health Care Exhibition. This article aims to analyze presented papers in this event. It was approached through the qualitative research through systematization of experiences popular education's method. The results were presented and discussed according to the topics used in that event: Management and Working Teams; Health Promotion and Disease Prevention; Health Care and Care Technologies; Continuing Education and Pro-work Training; Popular Management and Social Control and Health Surveillance Practices in Primary Health Care Territory. The most frequent actions were those related to prevention of injuries, health promotion, health care and care technologies. Management support and participants adherence were facilitators factors to positive results of experiences. The lack of available resources led to the restriction of health care workers performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The entirety in health care has as one of its dimensions the access to the several levels of technological density of the system, which includes basic units and specialty hospitals and clinics. The Intensive Care Unit is the hospital sector for people at risk of worsening of conditions that could not be avoided or controlled whatsoever. This paper aims at describing the profile of hospitalizations in adult intensive care units in the city of Anápolis, Goiás, in 2012. It is a descriptive, documental and retrospective research with a quantitative approach to information. The data show that hospitalization average was lower than a thousand cases per year, mostly males; and the prevalent age groups corresponded to more advanced adulthood and elders; from the three analyzed units, two had a permanence average lower than other studies, except an emergency hospital; the main reasons for hospitalization were acute myocardial infarction, stroke and Congestive Heart Failure. The mortality rate was higher than the average found in most studies. The results point out the impact of demographic and epidemiological transition in demand and the use of health services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines, synthetically, the flexibility mechanisms of the TRIPS provisions set forth in the Doha Declaration and the decision of the General Council for TRIPS of August 30, 2003. It further identifies the main challenges that currently exist for the actual use of these mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work focuses on two constituent points of citizenship, health and communication. From a Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) of a television report of the journalistic series "Fight for Life" about the Emergency Hospital of Goiania - Hugo, the paper reflects on the role of media in building the representation of the meaning of public health, considering that despite the negative facts constantly disclosed about this commonweal, in this case the frame is an appreciation of the institution and its staff, not only because the hospital has changed, but because the discourse about it took on a new focus, a new look that can change the citizens' image of Hugo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The historical museums, such as the monuments, have been understood as images the societies produce for the future. However, this concept of museums as maintainers and guardians of the memory of a community or a locality is been revised. The city of Londrina, even though fairly new, preserves by various means a praise of the memory of certain groups, called 'pioneers'. The challenging of such memorial practices and inclusion of new actors is quite controversial and costly. Thus, this paper aims to reflect on the representations of women in the language of the Historical Museum of Londrina. To this end, it is proposed to analyze a temporary exhibition placed in that Museum: "Caring, Healing, Remember - memory of the health in Londrina." Therefore, we will investigate what (s) language (s) the MHL aligns to and presents itself for the public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reflects on the relation between clinical practice and public health using narratives of clinical cases of babies treated by the Public Health System's Primary Care with the support of the psychoanalytical theory. It was observed that the encounter involving user knowledge, the technical knowledge of the subject matters, and the knowledge of Public Health produced a motion that circulates on a paradoxical surface, producing a relation of "moebian supplementarity" between clinical practice and public health [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, found in human microbiota, in certain circumstances may cause simple through serious infections, and is counted as the most virulent in its genus. Its enormous capacity of adaptation and resistance to majority of antimicrobials, place it among the most important group in nosocomial infections. The quantity of nosocomial infections is increasing every day, generating a treatment cost three times bigger than in patients without infection and is defined by Healthy Ministry as infections acquired after patient admission in the hospital and that manifest during internment or after discharge from hospital, when could be related to internment or nosocomial procedures. This paper is a bibliographic revision of last five years, based on main electronic libraries and databases of the world, about Staphylococcus aureus, with the purpose of update healthy professionals and identify the importance of its methicillin-resistant form in nosocomial infections. Human and financial costs and prevention steps against this agent were also approached, objectifying put in relief the necessity of developing of new antibiotics and investment in new researches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the reconstitution of the social professions' itinerary in Portugal during the i and ii Republic, during the period that unfolds between its foundation (1910), the constitution of Estado Novo (1933-1945) and the succession of Salazar (1968), exploring, in particular, the visitadoras (visitors) as one of the central and paradigmatic characters of the constitution of social professions. The paper carries out an historiographical reconstitution based on secondary sources, exploring, especially, the influential figures and movements in the establishment of these emerging professions, the dynamics of rupture and continuity between its pivotal periods, international influences, as well as its gender dimension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Secretary of Health State of Minas Gerais, with the support of the Ministry of Health, have been making extensive effort to universalize the primary health care, given its strategic role in the formation the networks of the health care in the Unique Health System (SUS). Therefore, began to encourage the adoption of the Family Health Teams through of the "Program Structuring Health at Home". Associated with this program, was created the Master Plan of the Primary Health Care (PDAPS), whose goal it's provide an instrument to territorial planning and management of these service, qualifying them to fulfill the role as gateway of the network of the health in the SUS. The aim of this paper is discuss the territorial planning of the primary health care and the networks of the health care the SUS in Minas Gerais, Brazil. The hypothetical premise of the discussion is the existential interdependence between primary health care, networks and the territory. The methodology is based on a theoretical study and descriptive, on one side, and a theorical analysis and critical, of another. Therefore, have a dimension of discovery of the relationship between networks, territory and primary health care, on one side, and a dimension of note about the ways how this is being planned, of another. The results indicate improvements in the construction of networks in Minas Gerais, but there are also theoretical issues and methodological that needs to be addressed, especially on the forms of territorial definition of the services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through a literature review this paper sought the types and causes of injuries more frequent in the elderly also addressing how care is delivered in health in the country to that specific group. In recent decade the elderly population has increased considerably, and consequently accidents with trauma has been growing significantly in this age group. Thus, it is necessary for health professionals to adopt preventive measures that can avoid the trauma and thus reduce morbidity and mortality among this population. The decline is greatest among the mechanisms of trauma in the elderly. Furthermore, the clinical picture and the recovery of these patients require special conditions, since they have different characteristics from other age groups, so greater knowledge and expertise of professionals who will act in compliance with this elderly population is necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first half of the 20th century witnessed an intense process of drug industrialization and the invention of new therapeutic groups. In this paper, the authors present the results of an ongoing investigation about the historical process of drug regulation in Portugal, highlighting the creation of the Comissão Reguladora dos Produtos Químicos e Farmacêuticos - CRPQF (Regulatory Commission of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Products - 1940) and the laws founded on scientific reasoning, whose goals were to benefit population health, to better the quality of drugs and to regulate this sector both legally and economically. The main sources were the legal diplomas, documents from8 the Infarmed, I.P. archive, pharmaceutical journals and Infarmed, I.P. publications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dermatophytes are a group of fungi that penetrate the stratum corneum invading the skin, hair and nails, using keratin as a substrate, causing infections in humans and animals known as dermatophytosis. It is a common occurrence these fungal infections in tropical countries, constituting a public health problem. A retrospective analysis of mycological tests on samples received in mycology section of the Biological Research Institute / Central Laboratory of the State / State Foundation for Production and Research in Health / Rio Grande do Sul (IPB - LACEN / FEPPS / RS), originating from health centers in Porto Alegre metropolitan areas and the state during the period 2007 to 2011. Statistical data were obtained using the software PASW Statistics 18, measures were used associations applying the Fisher exact test. Thus, this paper aims to contribute to the distribution of the most frequent etiological agents, is of great importance to investigate the prevalence of these cities in Rio Grande do Sul, in order to portray the epidemiological reality of dermatophytosis in the state, contributing to the realization of public health measures. Of the 6452 samples, 2342 were positive for dermatophytes. Among them T. rubrum was the most prevalent species (72.70%), followed by T. mentagrophytes (22.44%), M. gypseum (1.99%), M. canis (1.39%), E. floccosum (1.30%). Presenting a case for T. shoenleinii and a case for T. tonsurans (0.09%). The anatomical site were more infected toenails with 1,248 (53.23%) cases. Females were more affected. Through this study, we characterize the species of dermatophyte dermatophytosis more involved in our state, noting that the species Trichophyton rubrum is the most cosmopolitan of this fungal group, followed by Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Microsporum gypseum, Microsporum canis, Ephydermophyton floccosun, Trichophyton tonsurans and T. shoenleinii. M. canis was the most frequent species in samples of scalp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]