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This paper proposes a look at the community of culture from the viewpoint of the community of sounds, which is its immanent part. The sound environment is a significant element which builds a feeling of national, local, group, generational, and other affiliation and identity. Sounds may function as symbols, be a part of rituals, and carry values. Treating the audiosphere as an indicator of a community opens us to a new dimension of reflecting on the meaning of the sound landscape, understood, after R. M. Schafer, as the whole or a part of the sound environment with its perceptual, social, and historical-social context. Sound is the reflection of social organization systems created by people; therefore, social changes are reflected in the sound environment. In the analysis of this issue, I have used field recordings and their descriptions made by pedagogy students from the University of Lodz. The students’ observations confirm that it is worth reflecting on the sound in the ocularcentric world, which seems more than before dominated by sight, considered a sense of distancing by Wolfgang Welsch.

Wojciech Sternak's Field recording and documentarism in photography is an attempt to show similarities and differences between both media. The author reveals common historical anthropological and artistic backgrounds of phonography and photography. He accents the gravity of automatic recording of reality and restriction in representation due to substantial features of media. That leads to the statement of importance of following crossover research by assimilation of concepts from the other medium theory apparatus [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Abstract: This is a theoretical paper. The presented issues fit the Polish anthropology scholarship as well as nonacademic ethnographic practice. I fit the method of field recording into methodological and theoretical frameworks of the anthropology of sound and a broader framework: the anthropology of senses. Field recording must be understood as one of the research methods of sonic ethnography and a way to create alternative representations of fieldwork knowledge. Application of field recording in ethnographic research makes it possible track down social patterns, connections between collective emotions, auditory practices and social structures, which usually remain hidden and faded out in textual representations. Doing field recordings also allows the researcher to experience anthropological fieldwork in a more sensuous and immersive way. Field recording as an ethnographic practice focuses on extra-musical and extra-verbal sounds. It is a sort of deep listening: listening with particular attention. I also try to explain the notion of sonic ethnography which should be associated with the interpretation and translation through sound of local systems of meaning and values. Inside these systems do not always have to be connected directly with an acoustic phenomenon. Applying methodology of sonic ethnography allows to recognize non-visual meanings in social life and cultural practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Film Quarterly / Kwartalnik Filmowy is the property of Kwartalnik Filmowy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Łódzkie Studia Etnograficzne is the property of Polish Ethnological Society / Polskie Towarzystwo Ludoznawcze and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The main aim of this publication ist to identify, classify and describe radio dramas that were made for Studio Eksperymentalnych Form Teatralnych (Experimental Drama Studio) and as a Nowe Słuchowiska/New Radio Dramas project. I will also provide a description of sound and voice materials of so-called experimental radio dramas. In the first part, the article explains the experimental radio drama genre. It shows the drama subgenres and determinants of experimental drama pattern. In the second part, the article is focused on broadcasts made by Studio Eksperymentalnych Form Teatralnych (Experimental Drama Studio) and in the project New Radio Dramas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is an attempt to enter scientific reflection relating to radio reportage in the field of sound studies, especially in one of its original elements -- the theory of soundscape created by Raymond Murray Schafer in the 1960s. It starts with the basic terminological solutions in the field of soundscape and the audial form of reportage, then juxtaposes them with each other and indicates the possibilities of their mutual penetration in both scientific and media fields. It presents the common features of a radio documentary and a soundscape, e.g. focus on reality, attention to sound, specific narration, the use of the oral history method etc. This paper also shows the difference between these two forms such as a greater level of creativity in the case of reportage in combination with the "raw" naturalness of the soundscape. It also highlights how the idea of acoustic ecology can use radio reportage to disseminate its assumptions. Finally, it postulates the inclusion of this audio genre as an element of the soundscape to a harmonious hi-fi space and considers as justified to set together the experiences of both the discussed phenomena on theoretical as well as practical grounds, and to continue the reflection as sketched out in this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Avant is the property of Centre for Philosophical Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Film Quarterly / Kwartalnik Filmowy is the property of Kwartalnik Filmowy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Łódzkie Studia Etnograficzne is the property of Polish Ethnological Society / Polskie Towarzystwo Ludoznawcze and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article centres on the notion of responsibility in Tom Stoppard’s Darkside (2013). While Pink Floyd’s original album, which inspired the playwright, thematises its connection to ethics in a spectral and hauntological manner, through the use of field recording sound snippets interwoven in the music, the radio play explores the notion of responsibility through what is called “thought experiments.” The article identifies the subversive function of these narrative examples and, following Emanuel Levinas’ suggestions concerning the instability of the link between the philosophical discourse and that of examples, shows the latter’s insolent and disruptive nature. The notion of responsibility is further linked to its discussion by Jacques Derrida in his Gift of Death (1995) which consequently makes it possible to view the relation between responsibility and responding from a subversive, hauntological and undecidable perspective.

Copyright of INSTED: Interdisciplinary Studies in Education & Society / Terazniejszosc - Czlowiek - Edukacja is the property of University of Lower Silesia / Dolnoslaska Szkola Wyzsza and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Journal of the Commons is the property of Universiteit Utrecht and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Tuszyńska confronts two seemingly distant notions, namely representation as an aesthetic category, and one type of phonography, namely musique concrète and the technology of open-air recording that goes with it. Thus she highlights a question that has been overlooked by theorists of representation as well as by musicologists. By confronting Michał Paweł Markowski's models of representation with Pierre Schaeffer's theory of musique concrète, Tuscyńska points to problems in representation that do not appear when we apply this concept to other artistic forms. This problem provides an impetus to examine musique concrète from a non-musicological perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a disease with multi factorial etiology. Recent studies search the cause of its origin in impairments in neuroendocrinal transmission, genetics, psychological and socio-cultural factors. This disturbance affects the patient's attitude to eating. Many complex physical and psychiatric symptoms of AN require wide approach to the patient on the biological, psychiatric and psychological level., Aim: The purpose of this studies was to determine implications in cognitive functioning in patients with AN., Material and Methods: 10 patients with AN and 20 healthy as a control group were recruited. Cognitive functioning was evaluated using P300 wave component of event related potentials (ERP) and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology (IFCN) recommendations for recording and analyzing of ERP were used. These studies were performed using Viking Quest (Nicolet ViaSys Healthcare, U.S.A.). They were recorded using the "oddball paradigm" procedure. The reception of potentials was completed by unipolar method with far-field recording (Fz, Cz, Pz and 10, EOG, 10-20 system). The latencies of the first negative wave N1, next positive P2, the following N2 negative and positive component P300 were evaluated. Moreover, the amplitude differences N1-P2, P2-N2, N2-P3 were analyzed., Results: It was found that both latencies of P300 potential components and WCST results were quite normal. However, reduction of P300 amplitude was observed in patients with AN compared to control group, what can be the result of diminished absorption of cognitive structures during analyzing the stimuli., Conclusions: The results did not show significant differences in cognitive functioning in patients. Changes in the components of P300 wave indicate the need for further neurophysiological research on larger group to determine the degree of impairments in cognitive functioning in patients with AN.

Introduction: Headaches in children and adolescents are the most common complaints in neurological practice. More than 90% of those are diagnosed as having migraine or tension-type headache (TTH). Memory disturbances are the most frequently observed symptoms in these patients. Event related potentials ( ERP), especially P300 potential reflect the processes of perception and cognition. The aim of these studies was to answer two questions: whether children and adolescents suffering from headache, especially migraine, show cognitive impairment in headache pain free period in comparison to healthy controls, and secondly what kind of factors can influence it., Materials and Methods: 125 patients participated in these examinations with 90 ones with migraine and 35 those with TTH, diagnosed according to the criteria of International Headache Society (IHS-2004). Control group for neurophysiological examinations consisted of 66 healthy children and adolescents of the same age. ERPs were performed for patients with migraine and TTH in headache pain-free interval with the minimum period of, at least, one week since the last incident. International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology (IFCN) recommendations for recording and analysing the results were used. Evoked potentials examinations were performed using 4-channel Multiliner (Toennies, Germany). Endogenous evoked potentials (P300) were recorded using the ,,oddball paradigm"'. The reception of potentials was completed by unipolar method with far-field recording (Fz, Cz, Pz and 10, EOG, to 10-20 system). The latencies of the first negative wave N1, next positive P2, the following N2 negative and positive component P300 were evaluated. Moreover, the amplitude differences N1-P2, P2-N2, N2-P3 were analysed., Results: Substantially longer latency of P300 component was noted for patients with migraineous headaches in comparison to the values recorded in children with TTH. Prolongation of N1 latency and the rise of N1-P2, P2-N2, graine in comparison to controls. The type of the observed aura did not change essentially the character of the alterations described above., Conclusion: Prolongation of N1 latency and the rise of N1-P2, P2-N2, N2-P3 amplitudes confirm the presence of cognitive disturbances mostly in children and adolescents suffering from migraine.

Introduction: Long latency auditory evoked potentials, especially P300, are a clinically relevant method for evaluation of the cognitive function. They are an objective and non-invasive procedure and a recommended standard for clinical evaluation of mental processing., Aim of the Study: In order to evaluate the results of epilepsy treatment in children and adolescents the influence of two antiepileptic drugs (AED) carbamazepine (CBZ) and valproates (VPA) on cognitive functions of epileptic children and adolescents was analyzed., Materials and Methods: The examination of P300 component was performed in 30 newly diagnosed patients 8 to 18 years old before AED therapy and in 62 patients to whom both formulations of CBZ or VPA was administered in monotherapy. They were diagnosed as suffering from general tonic-clonic fits and partial seizures (simplex or complex), both with and without secondary generalization. Neuropediatric status as well as the neuroimaging in the examined groups were unremarkable. Control group for neurophysiological examinations consisted of 66 healthy children and adolescents of the same age. All examined persons showed normal mentality measured by psychological tests. The following factors were taken into consideration in statistical evaluation: age, duration of the disease and the type of epileptic seizures in relation to the values of examined latencies and amplitudes of P300 component. Criteria were also established to include and exclude patients from clinical and neurophysiological examinations. According to the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology (IFCN) standards, we applied the oddball paradigm to elicit P300. They were performed with a Multiliner (Toennies, Germany) equipment. The reception of potentials was completed by unipolar method with far-field recording (Fz, Cz, Pz and 10, EOG, in 10-20 system). The latencies of the first negative wave N1, next positive P2, the following N2 negative and positive component P300 were evaluated. Moreover, the amplitude differences N1-P2, P2-N2 and N2-P3 were analysed., Results: Significant prolongation of P300 and N2 latency was observed and the increase of N1- P2, P2 - N2 and N2 -P3 amplitude values in all epileptic patients in comparison to healthy controls was detected. There were also significant changes of N1 and P2 latency recorded in children receiving CBZ. P300 latency was longer in patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy than in control group. These changes were accompanied by the increase of P2-N2 amplitude. It was also shown that patients with partial seizures demonstrated longer P300 and N2 latency than recorded in case history as well as N2-P3 amplitude was higher than in patients with generalized seizures. There was not any statistically significant relation between parameters of P300 and the age of the child at the moment of epilepsy being diagnosed, the duration of the disease and the level of AED in blood serum., Conclusions: There were significant differences indicated in parameters of P300 in epileptic children and adolescents in comparison to control group. The type of epileptic seizures and the choice of AED influence their values significantly.