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The unique project “Health Steps – education and learning as a determinant of a healthy and open society” was implemented as part of the “Social Responsibility of Science” programme funded by the Ministry of Education and Science. This innovative initiative was led by the Medical University of Silesia in Katowice (SUM), the Regional In-Service Teacher Training Centre “Metisˮ and the Iskierka Foundation. The project aimed to increase the responsibility of teachers and legal guardians of healthy children and to instil in each group the awareness that taking care of physical health, mental health, and proper nutrition significantly impacts the quality of life. The project identifies eight broad tasks to enhance knowledge, practical skills, and social competencies in three thematic areas: physioprophylaxis, diet prevention, as well as mental health and oncology prevention. As part of physio prophylaxis, educational films on correct posture were realised, preventive posture examinations were conducted among children, and training workshops on ergonomics and adopting correct body positions while learning and playing were held. During the stage related to diet prevention, screening tests for overweight and obesity were carried out, including anthropometric tests, i.e. measurement of body height, body weight and body composition analysis among children. Eating behaviour and attitudes towards nutrition among children and their parents were studied, and a dietary intervention combined with nutrition education was implemented. Workshops conducted for teachers on the educational method of drama and supervision were aimed at enhancing educators’ competence in using these methods in health education. Extending care to children and adolescents is justified because their lifestyle habits depend on the environment in which they are raised (parents, teachers, peers). Informed participation in such projects allows them to take conscious control of their health in collaboration with an interdisciplinary team of professionals.

Introduction: There are many modifiable risk factors that disrupt proper motor development, including the development of body posture. Abnormal body positions taken repeatedly, frequent use of electronic devices, and motor passivity are all implicated in postural abnormalities. In the post-pandemic period, sedentary behavior is quite common among children and adolescents, contributing to increased overweight and obesity, as well as changes in lifestyle, which consequently lead to many health problems. The main aim of this study was to assess the quality of children’s body posture and attempt to estimate the relationship between the occurrence of postural abnormalities and the level of physical activity. Material and methods: A pilot study was conducted on a sample of 200 children from early elementary school classes in the Silesia region, aged 6–10 years (x = 8.25 ± 1.06). The respondents were classified into two subgroups of equal size of 100 girls (group I) and 100 boys (group II). The study groups did not have any differences in age (p = 0.07). Body posture was assessed in all three planes using a plumb line, scoliometer, and inclinometer, as well as functional status with Thomayer and Matthias tests. Body weight and height were measured using a Tanita analyzer and stadiometer with conversion to centile charts for weight, height, and body mass index (BMI). Results: Postural defects in the sagittal plane in both the thoracic and lumbar segments were found in approximately 20% of the subjects in both groups, regardless of the level of physical activity. In both study groups, excessive screen time and time spent in a sitting position were observed. Physical activity was largely below World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations. Conclusions: Children of younger school age are noted to have numerous postural abnormalities that are unrelated to their level of physical activity. Children use screen time and spend too much time sitting and do not meet WHO recommendations for moderate to vigorous physical activity.

The aim of the study was to present the basic principles of ergonomics during a child’s learning and play, taking into account the principles of physiotherapy regarding the positions adopted by the child. Biomechanical and kinesiological aspects of sitting posture and additional support points were described in detail. Correct and incorrect sitting positions were illustrated in the figures, with detailed descriptions provided in the text of the study, supported by legal regulations. The study can serve as a guide for children and parents on the discussed topic, but only for children and adolescents without existing postural abnormalities. In case of any postural defects or spinal deformities, it is advisable to consult a physiotherapist to approach each case individually.

W artykule podjęto problematykę funkcjonowania poznawczego dzieci z niedokształceniem mowy o typie afazji. Zwrócono uwagę na bardzo duże zróżnicowanie tej grupy dzieci, uzależnione w znacznej mierze od głębokości i rozległości zaburzeń neurologicznych w aspekcie ruchowym i/lub percepcyjnym. Przedstawiono istotne z tego punktu widzenia modele i teorie dotyczące procesów pamięciowych, które mogą stanowić wyjaśnienie trudności w funkcjonowaniu poznawczym, symptomatycznych dla dzieci z niedokształceniem mowy o typie afazji.

Artykuł stanowi próbę uporządkowania problematyki związanej z diagnozą sprawności prozodycznych u osób z dysfonią. Zagadnienia w nim poruszane dotyczą cech charakterystyki prozodycznej mowy, głównie w odniesieniu do języka polskiego, funkcji pełnionych przez prozodię w komunikacji, związku określonych cech fonacji z realizowaniem przez mówcę tych funkcji oraz zaburzeniami ich realizacji u osób z dysfonią. Wymieniono w nim również metody i narzędzia wykorzystywane w opisie i ocenie ekspresji prozodycznej, które można wykorzystać w praktyce klinicznej.

W artykule zostały przedstawione wyniki badań nad percepcją akcentu wyrazowego u dorosłych kobiet, które posługują się językiem polskim jako ojczystym. Materiałem językowym wykorzystanym w zadaniach percepcyjnych były trójsylabowe wyrazy i logatomy. Akustycznymi korelatami akcentu były wzrost wartości częstotliwości podstawowej oraz intensywności samogłoski akcentowanej. Uzyskane wyniki pokazują, że osoby biorące udział w badaniach nie miały trudności w różnicowaniu miejsca akcentu w prezentowanych bodźcach, natomiast gorsze wyniki osiągnęły one w zadaniach określania miejsca akcentowanej sylaby, szczególnie w zadaniach, w których bodźcami były wyrazy znaczące, nie zaś logatomy.

Not only music. Art collections of the Pomeranian Philharmonic I.J. Paderewski in Bydgoszcz During 1954-1958 the building of the Pomeranian Philharmonic was erected in Bydgoszcz. From the 1970s its interiors were decorated with sculptures, tapestries and graphic artworks by contemporary Polish artists. Sculptures additionally stood in front of the building and in the park, creating an outdoor gallery of virtuosos and composers. The originator of this collection was the long-time director of the Philharmonic, Andrzej Szwalbe (1923-2002). The idea of combining music with various fields of art was implemented consistently until the 1990s. For the “temple of music” in Bydgoszcz, works were prepared by artists such as Barbara Zbrożyna, Adam Myjak, Michał Kubiak, Józef Makowski (sculptures), Kiejstut Bereźnicki, Józefa Wnukowa, Magdalena Heyda-Usarewicz, and Tadeusz Brzozowski (tapestry designs). The “Collection of Painting and Graphic Art Tadeusz Brzozowski” includes works by – among others – Magdalena Abakanowicz, Jan Tarasin, Stefan Gierowski. The works not only decorate the interiors, but also document the achievements of Polish artists in the 1970s and 1990s. The art collection has been on the Register of Historic Places since 1990. Keywords: Bydgoszcz, Pomeranian Philharmonic I.J. Paderewski in Bydgoszcz, Andrzej Szwalbe, 2nd half of the 20th century Streszczenie: W latach 1954-1958 wzniesiono w Bydgoszczy gmach Filharmonii Pomorskiej. Od lat 70. XX w. jego wnętrza ozdabiano rzeźbami, gobelinami, grafikami współczesnych polskich artystów. Rzeźby dodatkowo stanęły przed budynkiem i w parku, tworząc zewnętrzną galerię wirtuozów i kompozytorów. Pomysłodawcą stworzenia kolekcji był wieloletni dyrektor filharmonii Andrzej Szwalbe (1923-2002). Idea połączenia muzyki z różnymi dziedzinami sztuki była konsekwentnie realizowana do lat 90. XX w. Dla bydgoskiej „świątyni muzyki” dzieła przygotowali tacy artyści jak: Barbara Zbrożyna, Adam Myjak, Michał Kubiak, Józef Makowski (rzeźby), Kiejstut Bereźnicki, Józefa Wnukowa, Magdalena Heyda-Usarewicz, Tadeusz Brzozowski (projekty gobelinów). W skład Kolekcji Malarstwa i Grafiki im. Tadeusza Brzozowskiego wchodzą dzieła m.in. Magdaleny Abakanowicz, Jana Tarasina, Stefana Gierowskiego. Dzieła nie tylko zdobią wnętrza, ale również dokumentują osiągnięcia polskich artystów w latach 70.-90. XX w. Wartość kolekcji sztuki potwierdzono, wpisując ją decyzją wojewódzkiego konserwatora zabytków do rejestru zabytków w 1990 r.

W zbiorach Biblioteki Miejskiej w Bydgoszczy znajduje się od 1907 roku księgozbiór pochodzący z klasztoru Bernardynów. W latach 30. XX wieku dyrektor Witold Bełza postanowił stworzyć we wnętrzach książnicy pomieszczenie przypominające średniowieczne skryptorium, w którym bezcenne dzieła miały być przechowywane. W realizację projektu zaangażowani byli: Jerzy Rupniewski, malarz, Wiktor Zabielski, architekt, Edward Kwiatkowski, witrażysta, Anastazy Czarnecki, stolarz oraz miejscowe cechy rzemieślnicze i prywatni fundatorzy. Prace trwały od 1934 do 1936 roku. W tym samym czasie prawnik i kolekcjoner Kazimierz Kierski przekazał do zbiorów Biblioteki Miejskiej w Bydgoszczy kolekcję dokumentów i rękopisów. Dla nich w sąsiedztwie Biblioteki Bernardynów powstała tzw. Sala Królewska, nad wystrojem której pracował ten sam zespół projektantów. Została ona otwarta dla czytelników i zwiedzających w 1937 roku. Oba wnętrza, które szczęśliwie przetrwały II wojnę światową, pozostają oryginalną pamiątką po czasach, kiedy miasto szukało swojej przedrozbiorowej historii, wpisując własną tożsamość w dzieje II Rzeczypospolitej.

Time perspective is of key significance in overcoming an identity crisis in adolescence. Re- search using the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI) was conducted on a group of 311 adolescents (aged 13–18) in several youth educational centres in south-eastern Poland. The research was designed to identify the significance of time perspective when it comes to levels of depression, stress and loneliness experienced in conditions of institutional rehabil- itation and education. Linear regression analysis demonstrated the following: a positive past focus reduces the intensity of anxiety and depression; a positive past and future focus results in reduced depression, loneliness and stress; the experience of stress combined with depression enhances the significance of time perspective for the feeling of loneliness; and a low level of family loneliness reduces depression.

Introduction and objective Shift work has a number of negative effects on human health. It often leads to sleep deprivation, changes of circadian rhythm, level of physical activity and eating habits, and also increases the risk of development of metabolic disorders and gastrointestinal diseases. The aim of the study was to indicate and discuss the most common metabolic disorders and other gastrointestinal pathologies in the context of data from literature concerning shift workers. Review methods The effect of shift work on metabolic disorders in shift workers was assessed by searching reports from the last 10 years in the Medline database (http://www. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed) Brief description of the state of knowledge Numerous observations of shift workers unequivocally showed an increased risk of overweight, obesity and metabolic syndrome among this group. Increased waist circumference was characteristic of people working in this employment system in relation to units working only during the day. Many authors emphasized that there is a correlation between shift work and the risk of type 2 diabetes. Moreover, the risk of developing this disease was 9% higher in shift workers. It was found that sleep deprivation, which is typical of shift workers, may increase the level of glycated haemoglobin, HbA1c, and increase the risk of prediabetes. In addition, it is emphasized that sleep disorders occurring in shift workers also contribute to the development or aggravation of reflux disease. Summary The authors highlighted the need for introduction of multidirectional preventive measures among shift workers in order to reduce the negative effect of shift work on humanhealth. In terms of public health, taking into account the type of work performed is an important element of patient care in the field of professional practice of either occupational medicine physicians or general practitioners.

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The aim of the current study was to investigate emotions accompanying teachers in the process of getting accustomed to the new situation of distance learning during the COVID-19 lockdown in secondary schools in Poland. THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: The research questions concerned the type of emotions teachers experienced, the triggers provoking most positive and negative emotions, as well as factors influencing teachers’ emotional states. The tool used in the study was the questionnaire by means of which the teachers were to identify emotions they had towards people who took part in the lesson, the lesson itself, the equipment used and other interrelated issues in line with Yik’s circular model of affect. THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: The way teachers reach students remotely, often unfamiliar, unknown to many of the educators, has been further complicated by the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition to fulfilling their teaching duties, the teachers had to face extra-curricular difficulties and dangers, such as infection, isolation and quarantine, and gradually get used to the new situation. RESEARCH RESULTS: The obtained results indicate emotional changes at each stage of getting accustomed to the new situation. The tendencies observed could be described as increasing negative feelings experienced by the sample at the very beginning of distant education that lowered towards the end of the school closure periods, and/or were replaced with positive ones. CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS: The author presents measures to be used to improve the school situation, among which an immediate solution lies in the courses currently offered by many institutions, and IT support offered by schools. Also, ideas on how to expand the current study, involving those allowing for a comparison between different levels of education and among other participants of distance learning, such as primary/university teachers as well as learners and their parents and siblings.

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Copyright of Polityka Spoleczna is the property of Institute of Labour & Social / Instytut Pracy i Spraw Socjalnych and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article analyses the role of positive diagnosis in social rehabilitation. It has been assumed to be a priority in identifying socially maladapted individuals. The sufficiency of the negative diagnosis model, used so far in social rehabilitation pedagogy, has been questioned. Referring to the main features of psycho-pedagogical diagnosis (e.g. infinity, complexity, multidimensionality), the fundamental principles of diagnosing the so-called difficult phenomena, which include social maladaptation, have been formulated. The analysis has been conducted referring to the results of empirical studies (own and other authors’ studies) concerning the complex and ambiguous descriptions of maladapted people (self-concept, self-assessment, self-acceptance, concept of the world, concept of one’s own life). The article proposes a model of social rehabilitation diagnosis from the perspective of positive psychology (quality of life) and cognitive psychology.

The article discusses the manifestations of subjectivity in the translation of songs created by Wojciech Młynarski, one of the best-known Polish songwriters of the second half of the 20th century. His personalized translation strategies have been presented on examples of Polish translations of the lyrics written by Irving Berlin, Vladimir Vysotsky and Bobby McFerrin. The analyses have shown that Młynarski gave absolute priority to three aspects of translation: prosodic equivalence; equivalence of intentional meaning (pragmatic equivalence) and comparability of the recipients’ aesthetic experiences. Wherever possible, the translator sought equivalence at the lexical-semantic level or at the imaging level, for example, he searched for lexemes or idioms that would evoke a picture similar to the original. However, if it was impossible to reproduce literal meanings or images in the target language, he focused on the three priorities listed above, leaving the other aspects of the original song in the far background.

The aim of this article is to characterize selected problems faced by social researchers in prison facilities. The authors, referring to the literature on the subject and their own experience gained while conducting research in prisons, analyze the challenges faced by researchers who do not belong to penitentiary institutions. The first part of the article presents problems related to the organization of research in institutions of a total character, the specificity of the group of prisoners – participants of the research (including, among others, aspects of motivation, self-presentation and the cognitive and emotional functioning of prisoners) and the need for the researcher to maintain a neutral, impartial, objective attitude towards the subjects. The second part of the article is devoted to the reflection on the methodology of research on the temporal perspective, which appeared in connection with the NCN research project “Temporal aspects of the activity of men serving prison sentences – longitudinal study”. The analysis of the specificity of experiencing time by persons serving isolation penalties and the critical analysis of tools for measuring the temporal aspects of their functioning is presented. The article concludes with conclusions on factors that may increase the level of credibility of the results of research conducted in penitentiary institutions.

Celem artykułu jest prześledzenie historii przemysłu tytoniowego w Bydgoszczy od połowy XIX w. do momentu ustanowienia w 1922 r. Polskiego Monopolu Tytoniowego. W badaniach korzystano z Akt Rejestru Handlowego, Akt miasta Bydgoszczy i Akt budowlanych miasta Bydgoszczy z lat 1850–1925. Informacje archiwalne uzupełniono o dane z prasy codziennej z okresu 1908–1924. Temat ukazano na tle sytuacji politycznej i gospodarczej miasta (do 1920 r. Bydgoszcz była pod zaborem pruskim, a po 1920 r. wróciła w granice państwa polskiego). Działalność zakładów w analizowanym okresie była ważnym elementem gospodarki miejscowej i państwowej.

Prosody, Semantics and Style. On the Hierarchy of Levels of Equivalence in the Translation of Cabaret Songs (Case Study: Polish Versions of Fred Ebb's Money…) The article is a case study and contains a comparative analysis of four variants of the Polish translation of Fred Ebb and John Kander’s song Money… from the musical “Cabaret”. The author of the translation is Wojciech Młynarski, one of the most respected Polish songwriters of the second half of the twentieth century. In the study, an assumption is made that Młynarski, who repeatedly changed versions of his translation, sought to create the most faithful rendition of the songs from the musical for the needs of the Polish stage. His efforts can be observed at four levels of text organization. The translator aimed mainly for sound equivalence, i.e. conformity with the original song in terms of rhythm (word stress), rhyme (consonance) and voice instrumentation and, to a lesser extent, sound imitation. He also cared about pragmatic equivalence by rendering into Polish the original intentions, with particular emphasis on the modes of indirect communication, such as irony and satire. However, other aspects of equivalence remained in the background. Not everywhere the translator managed to keep the cognitive equivalence, i.e. convergence of imagery, by translating scenes and scenarios that were part of cultural knowledge into parallel ones and, more broadly, by trying to evoke similar images in the mind of the reader and listener. His efforts to achieve the effect of broadly understood stylistic equivalence were also noteworthy; only to a small extent they consisted in giving the right stylistic coloring to the individual lexical items which had their English equivalents, and they mainly boiled down to translating stylistic games that did not necessarily cover the same fragments of the song, though were usually based on the same mechanism (a clash between low and high style, absurdity). The analysis shows that the translator adopted tabular rather than linear approach to the original.

POEMS syndrome is a rare paraneoplastic disorder associated with plasma cell dyscrasia. The acronym stands for coexisting polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal gammopathy and skin changes. Other relevant features of the syndrome are papilledema, sclerotic bone lesions, Castleman’s disease, thrombocytosis, weight loss and increased vascular endothelial growth factor levels. The diagnostic criteria for POEMS are as follows: major criteria: polyneuropathy, monoclonal plasma cell dyscrasia; minor criteria: sclerotic bone lesions, Castleman’s disease, organomegaly, endocrinopathies, edemas, skin changes, papilledema. To make a diagnosis, 2 major criteria and 1 minor criterion are required. We present a patient with pseudoscleroderma, polyneuropathy, hypothyroidism, monoclonal gammopathy, edemas and weight loss, who was diagnosed with POEMS syndrome as a result of interdisciplinary cooperation.

W opracowaniu autorka przedstawia model teoretyczny i metodologiczny diagnozy w resocjalizacji. W kolejnych akapitach artykułu dokonano analizy założeń teoretycznych: (1) resocjalizacji pozytywnej oraz (2) diagnozy pozytywnej na potrzeby resocjalizacji (resilience, salutogeneza, koncepcja poznawcza diagnozy, teoria osobowości Seymoura Epsteina). Wskazano i opisano główne obszary diagnozy: nastawienia intrapersonalne, interpersonalne, wobec świata i wobec własnego życia, a także główne elementy procesu diagnozy w ujęciu pozytywnym i negatywnym (model komplementarny).

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic disease and belongs to the group of systemic connective tissue diseases having an autoimmune basis. The most commonly reported symptoms by patients are pain, swelling and difficulty moving the affected joints. The course of rheumatoid arthritis is different in the elderly, the onset of the disease in the elderly is more severe than in the young, and large proximal joints are primarily involved. Make a diagnosis as soon as possible and start treatment, the greater the chance of delaying disease progression and even remission, which will minimize disability. In the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in the elderly, who often have co-morbidities and often mobility difficulties, the role of physiotherapist and nursing care is extremely important next to medical treatment. The use of kinesitherapy allows you to increase the range of motion of the joints and maintain them in good functional condition. Physiotherapy, on the other hand, has analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. This effect is enhanced by properly selected pharmacological treatment, carried out with the help of disease-modifying drugs, anti-inflammatory drugs, glucocorticosteroids and biological drugs.

Introduction: Stress incontinence is a problem increasingly affecting older people. This discomfort has an impact on women as a greater extent. Stress urinary incontinence is described as involuntary leakage of urine during even minor efforts: sneezing, coughing, rapid gait. At the beginning inconspicuous loss of a few drops of urine is often not alarming for women. The problem is significant because women often go to a specialist very late and the reason for this is shame. Many people think that this is an accident of old age and it can’t be stopped. Nothing could be more wrong, it can be dealt with. Material and methods: Articles in the EBSCO database have been analysed using keywords: stress incontinence, problems of old age, physiotherapy in urology, older women. Results: The incidence of stress incontinence in women increases with age. The main reason is muscular weakness, which is caused, among other things by pregnancies and labours. Another reason may be hormonal disorders and genetic predisposition. Statistics show that obese women are more likely to suffer from SUI. The progress of medicine and pharmacology is also increasingly effective in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence. First, after finding the problem, conservative treatment is introduced. Treatment is adapted to each patient individually. Age, existing diseases, weight are important factors in the process of treatment. In pharmacology Duloxetine is used. The use of this drug does not completely eliminate the symptoms of stress urinary incontinence. Due to the possibility of side effects i.e. nausea, the drug is used very carefully. In recent years, physiotherapy has been highly valued in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence. The most important is kinesitherapy here. Strengthening the pelvic floor muscles brings the most beneficial effects. Active exercises are supported by: electrostimulation, magnetotherapy and vibro-therapy. The final form of SUI treatment is surgical treatment. However, this do not always bring the expected results. In order to increase the effectiveness of therapy for patients with SUI, the interdisciplinary cooperation of the medical team should be used. Treatment of stress urinary incontinence primarily leads to improved quality of life for patients. Conclusions: Urinary incontinence is a social disease. Women struggle with this problem twice as often than men. Stress incontinence accounts for 63% of all forms of urinary incontinence in women in Poland. The incidence of incontinence increases with age. Problems with stress urinary incontinence become a reason for isolation from society. The patients are not aware of the treatment possibilities, which often results in late inclusion of treatment and rehabilitation. There is a wide range of SUI treatment options. Therefore it is necessary to personalise rehabilitation process to best fit to each patient. Keywords: stress incontinence, problems of old age, physiotherapy in urology, older women.

Background: Urinary tract infection is a bacterial infection of the urinary tract or kidneys. The most common affliction affects the elderly. Depending on the age, gender, and comorbidities, there are many factors that cause UTI. Urinary tract infection is a state when pathogens are found in the urinary tract. Diagnostics and treatment of UTI, despite highly developed medicine, are a problem for clinicians, because the beginning of infections are asymptomatic. In the later stages of the infection, symptoms may vary depending on the sex and age of the patient. The most common bacterium that causes UTI is Escherichia coli. However, a large number of men over 60 years of age are caused by Proteus spp. Material and Methods: In this article the most up-to-date literature from the EBSCO and Google Scholar websites has been analyzed. Keyword used: Urinary tract infections, Proteus spp, elderly people. Results: Bacteria of the genus Proteus spp are gram-negative uropathogens belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family. They may cause different types of infections within the human body, however the most common of which is urinary tract infection (UTI). Older people are particularly exposed to urinary tract infections due to involutionary changes that begin to dominate in the human body after the age of 60, as well as many diseases and their complications that occur in this age group. In older men more often than women, the pathogen responsible for this disease is Proteus spp. (Male gender slightly over 20% of cases, female gender - about 6%). Conclusions: A relationship between urinary tract infection and the occurrence of other diseases such as diabetes, urolithiasis or obesity can be observed. The risk of infection increases also in hospitalized patients who undergo long-term instrumentation of the urinary tract. During the treatment of urinary tract infections the most important role is pharmacological treatment, i.e. antibiotics. A secondary, though stil very important role fulfills a physiotherapy. Thanks to relaxation and breathing excercises, and pelvic floor muscle training physiotherapists can significantly improve the quality of life of geriatric patients with UTI.

Artykuł porusza istotną kwestię dotyczącą myślenia twórczego i osobowości twórczej osób (chłopców) z zaburzeniami zachowania. Badania były prowadzone w Młodzieżowych Ośrodkach Wychowawczych, znajdujących się w jednym z południowych województw Polski. Badana próba to chłopcy w wieku 12–18 lat (N=135). To co jest istotne, to fakt, iż w badaniach przyjęto perspektywę percepcji zaburzonego zachowania przez samą młodzież w kontekście twórczego myślenia i osobowości. Zastosowano procedurę narzędzi samoopisowych: Arkusz Obserwacyjny Th.M. Achenbacha (Youth Self-Report – YSR) oraz Kwestionariusz Osobowości i Myślenia Twórczego – KOMT E. Charzyńskiej i E. Wysockiej. Zastosowane procedury statystyczne to statystyki opisowe, korelacje oraz regresja liniowa (wieloraka). Wyniki analizy regresji wskazują na znaczenie typu zaburzeń (internalizacyjne, eksternalizacyjne) dla kształtowania się wyobrażeń o sobie młodzieży niedostosowanej społecznie (w zakresie cech osobowości twórczej i myślenia twórczego).

Reactive arthritis is an aseptic inflammation of synovium, tendons and fasciae triggered by an immunological reaction to a distant-site infection. It is usually asymmetric. It develops about 4 weeks after a prior infection of the genitourinary system (most often caused by Chlamydia trachomatis or Neisseria gonorrhoeae) or the gastrointestinal tract (most often: Shigella enteritidis, Salmonella typhimurium or Salmonella enteritidis, Campylobacter jejuni, Yersinia enterocolitica). A typical triad of symptoms includes: arthritis, conjunctivitis, and urethritis. Men aged 20-50 are most commonly affected. A considerable percentage of patients with reactive arthritis has the HLA-B27 antigen. Presence of the antigen heralds a more severe course of the disease and occurrence of articular complications. The disease may have a neoplastic course, sometimes it subsides without chronic consequences, and in some cases it evolves into other spondyloarthropathies.

Background: In the live of disabled people sport is very important not only in terms of health, but often becomes a passion that gives the life meaning. For many disabled athletes this passion becomes their profession. Medico-sport classification divides athletes into groups and classes based on the type of the physical and mental dysfunction in order to equalize the odds in a sports competition. Material and methods: Analysis of available literature, articles in the Google Scholar and PubMed database using keywords: disabled, sport, classification, dysfunction. Results: Medical-sport classification distinguishes groups of disability of: sight, hearing, limb dismemberment, paraplegia, diseases of the musculoskeletal system, cerebral palsy and intellectual disability. In the professional sport the athletes classification is done by medical doctors in cooperation with physiotherapists under the supervision of the Central Classification Committee of the “Start” organization, which verifies and approves the athletes membership to a certain group or class. During the athletes World Championships decision about the classification is done by the International Paralympic Committee (IPC), Cerebral Palsy International Sports and Recreations Association (CP – ISRA) and International Wheelchair and Amputee Sports Federation (IWAS). The group/class examination is carried out during the most important sports events like Paralympic Games, World Championships and European Athletics Championships, and remains valid for the next four years. Conclusions: The aim of this classification is to make the athlete’s achievement in a sport competition be a result of the athlete’s physical and psychological training rather than the level of his or hers disability. The subject of grouping and classification of the disabled athletes still remains an open topic for discussion.

Background: Chronic fatigue syndrome is an increasingly frequent disorder characterized by prolonged fatigue and few specific symptoms. He favors prolonged stress and life in a constant hurry. The main symptoms of chronic fatigue include: headache, throat, myalgia, joint pain, short-term memory impairment, sleep disorders, malaise occurring after physical exertion and lasting over 24 hours, and painful lymph nodes. The possibility of chronic fatigue syndrome should be considered in patients with the above symptoms, if they persist for more than 6 months. In this review, we wanted to focus on the possibilities to minimize the symptoms of chronic fatigue syndrome through nutritional and dietary intervention. Materials and methods: Analysis of articles in the EBSCO and Google Scholar database using keywords: Chronic Fatique Syndrome, nutritional, dietary interventions, treatment. Results: Patients with chronic fatigue syndrome suffer from chronic fatigue and not specific symptoms, which makes diagnosis difficult. The analysis of articles shows that dietary and nutritional interventions tailored to the patient reduce the feeling of fatigue, which is the main problem among patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Positive effects in the form of alleviation of symptoms have been observed while using, inter alia: polyphenols, L-carnitine, probiotics, CoQ10 and NADH and GAA. Conclusions: Dietary and nutritional intervention has a positive effect on intestinal microflora, intestinal mucosa, oxidative stress and proper functioning of mitochondria, thanks to which it reduces symptoms of chronic fatigue syndrome. Individual and appropriate supplementation depending on the etiology of the syndrome can lead to relief of symptoms.

Background: The problem of urinary incontinence is facing an increasing population of people. The problem of incontinence is troublesome for both women and men. Incontinence decreases the quality of sexual life. Men struggling with incontinence often have problems with erection and ejaculation. Materials and methods: Analysis of articles in the EBSCO and Google Scholar database using keywords: sexuality, incontinence, men, Results: Urinary incontinence affects both women and men. There are no specific criteria with which this ailment can be diagnosed. Therefore it is impossible to determine how frequent urinary incontinence actually is. It is estimated that it can affect 4-8% of the population around the World. The problem becomes more and more severe, as the number of affected patients grows each year. The urinary incontinence among men leads to sexual dysfunction, which causes various issues in private, professional and social life of such patients. Sexual dysfunction in male patients can lead to lower quality of life, what has a negative influence on their closest family and friends. Urinary incontinence in male patients can be treated pharmacologically or surgically. Only in case the non-invasive treatment fails, more radical methods are perused. Conclusions: Urinary incontinence more often affects women than men. It is a very embarrassing ailment, nevertheless patients under a proper treatment regain not only psychological but also sexual satisfaction. Urinary incontinence should not be a taboo topic, also among men patients. More research is needed to improve treatment program and support of such patients.

Background: Urinary incontinence is one of the most common problems among older people. The number of men struggling with incontinence is also gradually increasing. The lifestyle of the urinary incontinence, including low physical activity, poor eating habits, and nicotinic have a big influence on the occurrence of urinary incontinence. Urinary incontinence is associated with poor quality of life, social isolation and depression. Material and methods: Analysis of articles in the Google Scholar and PubMed database using keywords: urinary incontinence, risk factors of urinary incontinence, symptoms of urinary incontinence, men, treatment. Results: The incidence of urinary incontinence increases more than five times in men over 65 years of age. The problem may be exacerbated by respiratory, circulatory, muscular and neurological diseases. Men are often ashamed of problems with incontinence and rarely report to the doctor, which causes the problem to get worse and often requires the use of invasive methods of treatment. Conclusions: The incidence of urinary incontinence among men increases with age. Currently, methods that effectively cure urinary incontinence among men are poorly understood, therefore it is necessary to conduct further research among people with this problem. Broader education of the elderly will allow to some extent eliminate risk factors and reduce the number of people struggling with the problem of urinary incontinence.

Introduction First aid plays a key role in saving human life. It not only prevents the deterioration of the victim's health, but also determines survival. Every year, thousands of people die of various injuries, car accidents and other critical situations. This figure could be significantly lower if the accident witnesses provided first aid to the victims. Material and method Diagnostic survey was selected as the research method, and the research tool was an authorial questionnaire, examining the level of students' knowledge about first aid. It was based on the guidelines of the European Resuscitation Council 2015. The questionnaire consisted of 20 closed single-choice questions and only one of the 4 answers was correct. The obtained results were statistically analyzed using STATISTICA 12 software (StatSoft Polska). For the correlation study the χ2 test was used, and the significance level was taken as p

Copyright of Management & Quality / Zarządzanie i Jakość is the property of Scientific Society of Organization & Management / Towarzystwo Naukowe Organizacji i Kierownictwa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Investor relations play a significant role in increasing a company's value and may contribute to improving its image in the business environment. It is the transparency and reliability of the information provided that affects the trust and willingness of investors to identify with a given company. The purpose of the article is to show the role of investor relations among companies in Poland. An overview of publications in Polish and English was conducted. The essence, goals and the instruments of investor relations were the focus of the study. Only the companies that engage in new technological solutions used by investor relations, e.g. videoconferences, conference calls, teleconferences, Facebook, and Twitter, are successful in the modern capital market. Moreover, a survey was conducted among Polish individual investors. Its results demonstrated what preferences and requirements Polish investors have with regard to information. Moreover, the analysis of the investors' responses also showed the degree to which Polish stock exchange companies are involved in the communication through new technologies.

In the article, the author presents the basic assumptions of positive diagnosis that can be used in work with the disabled. It assumes that one of the most important factors determining the effectiveness of the development support process is a correctly implemented diagnostic process, immanently linked to helping disabled people integrate into the social world and overcome developmental problems resulting from their disability. In the positive approach to diagnosis proposed by the author, various categories of the diagnostic description of a person and their environment are important, such as multidimensionality (various spheres of functioning), continuity (development process in the full life cycle), orientation of individual development (prosocial, pro-development vs. developmentally destructive), and, above all, the need to discover one’s resources (potentials). The author also presents the process and models of supporting the development of people with disabilities. This approach locates the processes of diagnosis and help in the basic paradigm of positive psychology (salutogenesis), focusing on the self-creation and social integration of individuals with disability, while at the same time, stressing the need to identify the potential of the individual (positive diagnosis).

Przedsiębiorstwa rodzinne są podmiotami dominującymi w gospodarkach poszczególnych krajów. W artykule przedstawiono specyficzne cechy oraz główne narzędzia sprawnego gospodarowania firmami rodzinnymi. Na podstawie studiów literatury stwierdzono, że nie występują znaczące różnice w charakterystykach tych podmiotów w Hiszpanii, Polsce, Turcji oraz na Łotwie. W opinii właścicieli/zarządzających tymi podmiotami sprawność ich działań zdeterminowana jest głównie systemem wartości ważnych dla członków rodziny wraz z uwzględnieniem wartości cennych dla wszystkich interesariuszy rodzinnego biznesu.

W oparciu przede wszystkim o źródła archiwalne podjęłam w artykule próbę zwięzłego omówienia udziału Krystyny i Czesława Bednarczyków, założycieli emigracyjnej Oficyny Poetów i Malarzy, w pracach redakcyjnych zespołu paryskiej „Kultury” i londyńskiego „Orła Białego”. Zarówno szczegóły tej współpracy, jak i redaktorskie dokonania debiutujących wydawców poezji nie wzbudziły dotychczas żywszego zainteresowania badaczy życia literackiego emigracji. Tymczasem na początku lat pięćdziesiątych Bednarczykowie zasadniczo wpływali na podniesienie poziomu poetyckiego i artystycznego obu periodyków, publikując gościnnie autorskie całostronicowe kompozycje wierszy i grafik malarzy oraz poetów, których poznali w większości na wojennym szlaku II Korpusu. W „Kulturze” ukazały się one tylko dwa razy (w kwietniu i listopadzie 1950 r.), na łamach „Orła Białego” zaś dziesięć razy (w latach 1950-1951). Uczestnictwo w tworzeniu numerów miesięcznika oraz tygodnika stanowiło dla Bednarczyków szansę nie tylko na redaktorski debiut i edytorską wprawkę, lecz także na reklamę własnego wydawniczego przedsięwzięcia. Zarówno bowiem Jerzy Giedroyc, jak i Ryszard Piestrzyński wspomogli nowo założoną Oficynę Poetów i Malarzy, zamieszczając w kierowanych przez siebie pismach apele, ogłoszenia i artykuły promujące tę inicjatywę. Zatem mimo że opisana współpraca stanowiła dla Bednarczyków dodatkowe i krótkotrwałe zatrudnienie, należy uznać możliwość równoczesnego redagowania działu poetyckiego „Kultury” oraz „Orła Białego” za niemałe ich osiągnięcie i przywrócić temu epizodowi należne mu z tej racji miejsce w literaturze przedmiotu.

W badaniach tradycji muzycznych polskich ewangelików kategoria pogranicza jest bardzo pomocna i nośna. Ze względu na rozmieszczenie geograficzne i uzależnienie polityczne społeczności te, mimo iż starały się utrzymywać lokalną tradycję pozostawały pod dużym wpływem kultury oficjalnej. Na XIX-wiecznej mapie tradycji polskich ewangelików takich społeczności występowało całkiem sporo – kilka z nich uległo dezintegracji i zanikowi. Wykorzystując wyniki najnowszych badań historyków, etnografów i religioznawców, a także informacje zgromadzone podczas kwerend źródłowych autorka podejmuje w artykule próbę nakreślenia XIX-wiecznej mapy tradycji polskich ewangelików. Na mapie oprócz społeczności lepiej znanych, jak ewangelicy ze Śląska Cieszyńskiego czy społeczność ewangelicka z Mazur Pruskich zostali umieszczeni również ewangelicy Pomorza Zachodniego (tak zwani Słowińcy), „zapomniany” lud z południowej Wielkopolski, ewangelicy z Dolnego i Górnego Śląska oraz z Królestwa Polskiego. Opracowanie naświetla takie problemy jak: przenikanie kultur narodowych (niemieckiej i czeskiej zwłaszcza), wzajemne wpływy pomiędzy rozproszonymi społecznościami ewangelickimi, oraz postrzeganie tych społeczności przez duchownych i władze Kościoła. Muzyczne tradycje rozumiane są jako zwyczaje towarzyszące śpiewom religijnym oraz repertuar propagowany przez lokalne śpiewniki. W artykule zagadnienia te, jak również lokalny styl wykonawczy omówione są bardzo ogólnie, gdyż szczegółowa analiza zawartości poszczególnych śpiewników i porównanie zachowanych zapisów melodycznych wymaga osobnego opracowania. Ze względu na niesymetryczność zachowanych źródeł, dokładna rekonstrukcja mapy tradycji nie jest możliwa. W artykule przedstawiono jednak po raz syntetyczny obraz poszczególnych społeczności luterańskich obejmujący elementy uniwersalne i istotne cechy wyróżniające.

Autorka prezentuje w artykule podstawowe założenia diagnozy pozytywnej, możliwej do wykorzystania w pracy kuratora sądowego. Resocjalizację traktuje jako proces wewnętrznej przemiany, dokonującej się na bazie odkrywanych oraz uaktywnianych potencjałów i zasobów jednostki niedostosowanej społecznie. Proces wewnętrznej przemiany ujmuje jako rezultat zmian w motywacji: od amotywacji do motywacji wewnętrznej. Jako podstawę teoretyczną tworzenia modelu diagnozy w resocjalizacji wskazuje dwie koncepcje: teorię autodeterminacji (SDT – Self-determination Theory) Edwarda L. Deciego i Richarda M. Ryana oraz koncepcję braku motywacji, głównie przyczyn amotywacji Lisy Legault, Isabelle Green- Demers, Luca G. Pelletiera, Stéphanie Dijon, Kim Tuson, Symeona P. Vlachopoulosa i Marii A. Gigoudi. W tym kontekście autorka dokonuje analizy procesu motywacyjnego z perspektywy skutecznego działania resocjalizującego. W kolejnych akapitach opracowania dokonana została analiza sposobu rozumienia procesu diagnozy oraz przedstawiony został proponowany model teoretyczny diagnozy resocjalizacyjnej, wraz z jego uzasadnieniem merytorycznym. W rezultacie opracowanie stanowi próbę sformułowania zaleceń oraz skonstruowania modelu teoretycznego diagnozy resocjalizacyjnej w obszarze pracy kuratora sądowego.

W artykule dokonano analizy społeczno-demograficznych i osobowościowych determinantów/korelatów samooceny wśród wychowanków Młodzieżowych Ośrodków Wychowawczych (MOW) i Młodzieżowych Ośrodków Socjoterapeutycznych (MOS). Wstępnie przeprowadzono analizę poziomu i wymiarów samooceny (samoocena ogólna niespecyficzna, globalna specyficzna, samooceny cząstkowe niespecyficzne: fizyczna, poznawczo-intelektualna, charakterologiczna, społeczno-moralna) osób niedostosowanych społecznie, z wykorzystaniem metody k-średnich, najczęściej stosowanej w praktyce taksonomicznej metody grupowania. Podczas analizy wyłoniono trzy skupienia samoocen, które wstępnie określono jako: negatywne „odzwierciedlone ja” („I am the worst”), pozytywne „obronne ja” („I am the best”) i „ja nieustalone – chwiejne” („Who am I”), różniące się pod względem poziomu i wewnętrznego uporządkowania poszczególnych rodzajów samoocen. Następnie analizie poddano zróżnicowanie wyłonionych skupień warunkowane miejscem zamieszkania, stosunkiem do wiary, poziomem religijności oraz nastawieniami wobec świata, własnego życia i innych ludzi.

Copyright of Polityka Spoleczna is the property of Institute of Labour & Social / Instytut Pracy i Spraw Socjalnych and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Nationwide Scientific Conference “The principle of unity of the civil law vs cohesion of commercial law and family law regulations,” organised by the Civil and Commercial Law Department of the Law and Administration Faculty of the University of Szczecin in cooperation with the Institute of Legal Sciences of the Polish Academy of Sciences, was held in the Senate Hall of the University of Szczecin on 19 October 2018. Held under the patronage of the President of the City of Szczecin, the conference was attended by 50 participants from 16 research centres who presented 10 papers and 8 communiqués.

The Future will be different. Visions and practices of social modernization after 1918 is the title of a new exhibition in the Zachęta. Once again, the National Film Archive - Audiovisual Institute (FINA), together with the Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe (NAC) are a co-organizers of the exhibition. The Second Republic of Poland is a compelling topic for analysis – both ideologically and politically. Over a short period of time, all modern ideas were focusing and intensifying to an unprecedented extent with a combination of political events, new trends, and the urge for social transformation. WWI and later crisis, became a game changer, accelerating emancipation of previously undervalued and excluded social groups - women, children, workers, or ethnic minorities.'The Future Will Be Different', was a comprehensive exhibition dedicated to the period between the two world wars in Poland. Presented through the prism of modernist design and architecture, film, avant-garde theatre, and photography. The exhibition have shown the most important social and cultural ideas of the era — universal and still relevant today. More than perhaps we would like them to be.

The authors of the paper present a new look at the temporal perspective, which might supplement social rehabilitation of people serving sentences of imprisonment in prison conditions. The neglect of personal temporal preferences of convicts in hitherto social rehabilitation concepts may be the cause of failures in undertaken interactions. The individualization of social rehabilitation proposals in reference to the dominant temporal orientation of a prisoner makes them more suitable to the personal mechanisms of psychological functioning, more cognitively available for the convict, motivates to greater involvement in social rehabilitation planned in such a way, and also promotes balancing temporal perspective in the future. A balanced time perspective is a resource, which may increase the likelihood that individuals will avoid engaging in criminal behavior after being released from prison.

The article is an attempt of a theoretical and empirical analysis of the concept of institutionalization of spontaneous actions in the process of internationalization of enterprises. In the article the process of institutionalization of changes is perceived from the processual perspective in management, where everyday actions within routinely repeated practice constitute an important cognitive background of the analysis. International entrepreneurship is described in the literature in both behavioral and situational contexts. Internationalization, in turn, is described in the literature on this subject as a rapid or evolutionary process. Internationalization of the company can be a result of entrepreneurial activities of intuitional and spontaneous nature. The aim of the article is to present the issue of institutionalization of spontaneous changes in the context of internationalization of enterprises from the processual perspective. A comparative case study was carried out which illustrates the thesis that spontaneous actions are an important category of initiating and consolidating changes within the practice which is repeated every day in the process of internationalization.

The authors have made an attempt at analyzing the mechanisms of internalizing, externalizing and mixed disorders, attitudes related to parenting (parenting styles) of the parents: mother and father. The study was conducted among middle school pupils on the identified different types of disorders, and they related to the perception of the dominant parenting styles in the family of origin. The classification of parenting styles developed by Maria Ryś was adopted, who distinguished the following styles: democratic, autocratic, liberal loving and liberal unloving. The identification of the types of disorders was made based on the Teacher’s Report Form (TRF) created by Thomas M. Achenbach. The analysis of dependencies between the types and dimensions (syndromes) of adaptation disorders and parenting styles in the family of origin revealed that the attitude of parenting attitudes to a small extent determine the differences in the types of adaptation disorders, but specific trends are visible, which indicate a link between certain dimensions of parenting styles preferred by the mother and father: (1) internalizing disorders are significantly associated with the father’s parenting attitudes (autocratic and liberal loving attitude), causing the strengthening of problems in interpersonal functioning (social issues); (2) mixed disorders are associated significantly with the mother’s parenting attitudes (democratic, autocratic, liberal loving and unloving attitude), triggering disorders of withdrawal, anxiety-depressive and maladjusted behaviour; externalizing disorders are associated with parenting attitudes of both parents (democratic and liberal loving attitude), triggering mainly somatic complaints and anxiety-depressive disorders.

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie zagadnień dotyczących nieprawidłowości w zakresie przetwarzania sensorycznego u uczniów ze specjalnymi potrzebami edukacyjnymi. Brak właściwej stymulacji dotykowej, przedsionkowej, proprioceptywnej i pozostałych zmysłów wpływa na proces uczenia się i wywiązywania z powierzonych zadań uczniów z SPE. Nieprawidłowa stymulacja sensoryczna potęguje trudności w nabywaniu kompetencji samoobsługowych, koordynacji wzrokowo-ruchowo-czuciowej, umiejętności ruchowych czy integracji odruchów niemowlęcych. Dlatego też należy zadbać o to, aby rodzice, nauczyciele i specjaliści prowadzący różne terapie z dzieckiem ze specjalnymi potrzebami edukacyjnymi wzięli pod uwagę w procesie wychowania aspekt optymalnej stymulacji sensorycznej.

The study presented a theoretical and methodological model of a social-rehabilitation diagnosis. In further parts of the article, an analysis was made of a method of understanding the diagnosis process and social maladjustment (positive approach, concept of ‘resilience’) as well as the basic recommendations were determined for conducting the social-rehabilitation diagnosis. Main areas of diagnosis were indicated and described: individual and environmental, as well as basic elements of the diagnosis process in a positive and negative approach (the complementary model).