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The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the mustard seed in reducing lipid oxidation in ground beef compared to sodium isoascorbate. The research material were meat samples, prepared in four variants. The differentiating addition was ground white mustard (Sinapis alba), used in the native and autoclaved form. Reference were a control sample and a sample with the addition of sodium isoascorbate. The following were assayed during the study: TBARS value, redox potential, pH and colour parameters CIE L*a*b*. The addition of mustard had no effect on the pH value in comparison to the control sample and sodium isoascorbate. It has been shown that the use of mustard either native and autoclaved, decreased the value of TBARS ratio, and showed a similar effectiveness in preventing the oxidation of lipids as sodium isoascorbate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review article shows the possibility of using natural antioxidants to the raw meat. The effects of natural antioxidants including herbs, fresh or dried spices, extracts from the seeds of cereals and fruit, and tea, on some components of meat were summarized. The paper presents the potential of natural antioxidants to maintain or improve meat and meat products quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The menopausal hormonal therapy (MHT) comprises hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) and hormonal supplement therapy (HST). In HRT, the structure of hormonal therapeutic agents is similar to natural hormones synthesized by ovaries. However, HST users are given hormones the structure and molecular weight of which are different from natural hormones. Objective: To evaluate the influence of modified hormonal transdermal replacement therapy (MHRT) and oral hormonal supplement therapy (HST) on the concentrations of estrogens, progesterone, prolactin, lipid fractions, lipoprotein (a), homocysteine, fibrinogen, C-reactive protein, C-protein, S-protein, antithrombin III in blood serum. The influence of this therapy on arterial blood pressure was also assessed. Material and methods: 70 healthy women aged 51-57 and divided into 2 groups [group I (n = 35) control received oral HST, and group II (n = 35)] were treated with modified transdermal hormonal replacement therapy (MHRT). The concentrations of sexual hormones were assessed by means of immunoenzymatic method, lipid fractions - the enzymatic method, and lipoprotein (a) - the immunoturbidimetric method, homocysteine concentration was assessed by the immunochemical method, antithrombin III - by the calorimetric method, fibrinogen and S protein were assessed by means of the clot method, and C-protein - by the kinetic method. Results: In users applying modified transdermal hormonal replacement therapy (MHRT), a significant decrease of concentrations of TC, LDL-C, lipoprotein (a), homocysteine, fibrinogen, C-reactive protein, and the increase of concentrations of HDL-C, PC-protein, PS-protein and antithrombin III in blood serum were found. This regimen did not increase arterial blood pressure. However, in users given oral hormonal supplement therapy (HST), an increase of concentrations of homocysteine, C-reactive protein, estrogens, prolactin and decrease of concentration of fibrinogen in blood serum were revealed. An increase of systolic blood pressure was observed. Conclusions: 1. In women receiving oral hormonal supplement therapy, a significantly high concentration of estrogens in blood serum compared to transdermal hormonal replacement therapy can be caused by their different distribution and metabolic disturbances. 2. The lack of changes in concentrations of some lipid and non-lipid parameters compared to the initial values in women receiving cyclic oral hormonal supplement therapy suggests the impaired liver function caused by the effect of "first passage" estrogens in the portal system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia/type II diabetes and hypertension together constitute the so-called metabolic syndrome. Frequency of occurrence of these serious metabolic disturbances is associated with life style and is on the rise in prosperous industrialized countries. These diseases represent not only a serious health problem but also social and economic ones, and involve in prophylaxis and treatment various specialists (physicians, dieticians and psychologists). For about two decades research has been conducted on the possibility to apply milk-derived proteins in prevention and treatment of the above mentioned metabolic diseases. Lactoferrin (LF), a protein present in milk and excretory fluids of mammals, is one of the most intensively studied milk proteins for therapeutic application. Initial trials revealing an advantageous effect of LF on lipid metabolism and obesity enrolled only a few volunteers and were performed in Japan in 2003. Subsequent trials were conducted on animals as well as in clinics, and the positive results were supported by in vitro tests. After oral administration of LF, decreases of body weight, waist measurement, visceral fat tissue, plasma and liver fatty acid concentrations, triglycerides and cholesterol were registered. The mechanism of LF action may involve several processes, such as inhibition of adipogenesis, decrease of dietary triglyceride absorption, elevation of HDL cholesterol possessing anti-atherogenic properties, inhibition of accumulation of oxidized LDL cholesterol forms in macrophages and protection against formation of foam cells. LF also increases the susceptibility of cells to insulin action, including in conditions when the response to insulin is lowered (during inflammation). In addition, LF regulates activity of insulin-like growth factor (IGF). The data collected to date indicate that LF is a promising, completely nontoxic, natural remedy which (as for example a food supplement) may be applied in long-term prophylaxis and therapy of metabolic disturbances, such as dyslipidemia, obesity and insulin resistance/type II diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a review of available literature concerning nutrition value of egg of different kind of poultry. The article contains a comparative analysis of the literature data basic chemical composition, essential amino acids composition of protein, profile of fatty acid, content of cholesterol, mineral substances and vitamins of hen’s, duck’s, goose’s, ostrich’s and quail’s eggs. Taking into consideration the content of essential amino acids, vitamins from B groups, and the micro- and macroelements contents, quail eggs are characterized by a higher nutritional value compared to the eggs of hens. Furthermore the goose eggs’ are characterized by being most similar to recommend PUFA n-6/n-3 ratio and are better because of the fatty acid composition in comparison to the eggs of other birds’ species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emollients are topical agents with moisturizing, lubricating and smoothing properties. The most important action of emollients is restoring the disturbed epidermal barrier. This effect is achieved by various mechanisms: occlusive properties, attraction and keeping the water within the stratum corneum and supplying the physiological lipids and peptides, that lack in the disturbed epidermis. The final effects of emollients are reduction of inflammation, decrease of pruritus and better appearance of the skin. Emollients are the essential part of the therapy of many inflammatory skin diseases with disturbed epidermal barrier. They are used in the treatment of atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, keratinization disorders, chronic eczema, pruritic diseases and many other dermatoses. Emollients are often the adjuvant therapy, which is used together with topical corticosteroids or calcineurin inhibitors. There are several possible types of therapy: continuous, intermittent or proactive. This paper summarizes the knowledge about emollients, their mechanisms of action, the indications and proper way of application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prevention and treatment of lipid disorders are still challenges to modern medicine. There is a great deal of evidence that lipid disorders increase cardiovascular risk. The primary target of cholesterol-lowering treatment is the reduction of LDL cholesterol as a particular atherogenic lipoprotein. Many clinical studies confirmed a close relationship between the LDL cholesterol lowering and the cardiovascular risk reduction. The elevated plasma triglyceryde and reduced HDL cholesterol concentration also increase that risk. In the face of constantly increasing costs of pharmacotherapy of lipid disorders in primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases, maximum effort should be made to change the lifestyle, which mainly includes the modification of eating habits. As modifiable risk factors, they are the base of lipid disorders treatment. They constitute a necessary addition to and increase the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy and, in some cases, they reduce the need for drug therapy. Despite the growing awareness of the society, its knowledge of a healthy nutrition still seems to be insufficient. More emphasis should be put on education of people with multiple risk factors of cardiovascular diseases. This work focuses on the influence of nutrition on the lipid profile. The interaction between specific nutrients and the concentration of a particular group of lipids have been discussed. The special role of saturated fatty acids, as the component of a diet which elevates the LDL cholesterol the most, has been taken into consideration. The beneficial influence of plant stanols and sterols, soy protein and viscous fiber has been emphasized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Nephropathy belongs to the most serious chronic complications of type 1 diabetes mellitus. The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of renal uptake dysfunction in type 1 diabetic patients in renal SPECT examination and its relationship with microangiopathy and laboratory markers of atherosclerosis. Materials and methods: 37 patients at the age 21 to 34 years and duration of diabetes above 10 years were included into the study. In patients SPECT examination was performed. Creatinine, lipids and CRP concentration in plasma and albuminuria, ERPF were measured. The presence of retinopathy and arterial hypertension was evaluated. Results: The local uptake renal dysfunction was found in one kidney in 22 patients (59.5%) (mainly one focus of worsen uptake), and in both kidneys - in 4 individuals (10.8%). In 11 patients (29.7%) no disturbances was found. The prevalence of microalbuminuria (p=0.005), retinopathy (p=0.001) and arterial hypertension (p=0.007) increased in parallel to the intensification of renal uptake dysfunction. In addition laboratory markers of renal suficiency deteriorated: creatinine concentration (p<0.001) and ERPF (p<0.001). There were no differences between patients with and without renal uptake dysfunction in lipids and CRP plasma concentration. Conclusion: Local renal uptake dysfunction are observed in significant percentage of type 1 diabetic patients. There is relationship between the prevalence of renal uptake dysfunction and microangiopathy, but not with laboratory markers of atherosclerosis. Further examination are needed to confirm these results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Dry skin is a very common and serious clinical problem of about 15-20% of population. Aim of the study: Corneometric assessment of epidermis moisturizing after a single application of selected emollients: Physiogel® cream, Nivea® cream and 5% urea in eucerin. Material and methods: The study was conducted within a group of 37 people (37 women and 14 men) aged 19 to 62 years (average 42,1±12,8 years) with clinically dry skin. 37 people applied Physiogel® cream on the randomly chosen forearm skin, 17 people applied Nivea® cream and 20 people applied 5% urea in eucerin on the second forearm skin. Corneometric assessment were performed before (baseline) and 15, 30 min, 1, 2, 4, 6, 24 h after application of emollients. Results: The corneometric values significantly increased from the first measurement after 15 min of a single application of the Physiogel® cream, and the peak of the epidermis moisturizing was also observed after 15 min (p<0.001). The peak remained unchanged at the similar level up to 6 hours after application. The slow decrease of epidermis moisturizing was noticed in the following hours, but after 24 hours the corneometric values were still significantly higher than before application (p<0.001). The peak of the epidermis moisturizing was observed after 4 hours and remained unchanged at the similar level up to 6 hours after application of Nivea® cream and 5% urea in the eucerin vehicle. The slow decrease of epidermis moisturizing was noticed in the following hours. Physiogel® cream provided better moisturaization of the epidermis than Nivea® cream and 5% urea in the eucerin vehicle during the whole period of measurements (p≤0.001). Conclusions: The highest and quickest improvement of epidermis hydration is observed after a single application of Physiogel® cream containing structured physiological lipids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dyslipidemia is one of the most important health problems in developed countries. Uncontrolled hyperlipidemia leads to atherosclerosis and its clinical sequelae- coronary disease, stroke, diabetes and pancreatitis. Xantomatosis is one of the few symptoms of dyslipidemia, and sometimes the first sign, hence the important role of the dermatologist in diagnosing this disease, because early diagnosis and treatment of lipid disorders may prevent the development of multiple organ complications. We present a 39-year-old man who developed xanthoma tuberosum as the first symptom of dyslipidemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]