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The article reviews the content of speeches delivered during the 5th Forum of Simple Language "Prosto i kropka". This is one of the most important events dedicated to plain language in Poland. For years, the Ministry of Development Funds and Regional Policy has been using the forum to promote the knowledge of simple language. The article recaps the crucial theses of specialists and linguists on the following topics: history of simple language; accessibility; difficulties faced by officials, lawyers, and specialists in simple language; communication aspects. I conclude the report by demonstrating how experts envisage the future of the concept of plain language in Poland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bohemistyka is the property of Instytut Filologii Slowianskiej Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studia Paedagogica Ignatiana is the property of Jesuit University Ignatianum in Krakow and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bohemistyka is the property of Instytut Filologii Slowianskiej Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article presents findings of the research into the use of discussion forums in remote learning. This tool was used in a series of academic classes aimed at developing selected elements of translation competence. The paper begins with a discussion of the notion of translation competence and its components, followed by a presentation of didactic objectives formulated for the presented series of classes with full-time teaching in mind, the level of knowledge and skills of the course participants, the degree of realization of the didactic objectives in remote teaching, and conclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although in the age of media writing is experiencing a kind of renaissance, and young people cannot imagine everyday life without texts, emails, online discussion forums or virtual instant messaging, writing as part of institutionalized teaching evokes rather negative associations among many learners. Therefore, based on the example of the Polish-German online tandem-tridem project, an attempt will be made in this article to answer the following questions: How can one draw on the positive, out-of-school experiences of learners with (foreign) writing in foreign language classes? How can they be used in the institutionalized process of teaching and learning foreign languages while developing writing skills? What advantages and dangers are associated with the mentioned activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The subject of the article is the functioning of dialectal expressivisms in unofficial internet communication. In their statements on internet forums, internet users use numerous dialectisms, a significant percentage of which are expressive lexemes. This group consists not only of dialect expressivisms, but also of neutral dialect lexemes that have become expressivisms in colloquial communication. In the analyzed texts, dialectal expressivisms perform various functions, namely nominative, evaluative, persuasive, identifying, characterizing and ludic. Often, the use of a particular lexeme involves the realization of several functions simultaneously, but only one of them is the main one, while the other is secondary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to describe the genre identity and components of the structural aspect of the genre pattern of internet forum rules, taking into account the newest genological theories related to genre hybridism and genre-formation processes occurring in texts. The methodology of research uses the methods of genological analysis based on the theory of Maria Wojtak. According to this theory, the analysis of the structural aspect is one of the key elements which make it possible to define the genre identity of the text. The research material consists of twenty-two texts from the Sports Internet Forum, which perform the function of regulating and determining the principles of communication on the forum, and which are called the ‘forum rules’ by the users. In its pragmatic aspect, such rules refer to the official genre of regulations, and it may either represent its alternation or adaptation pattern, or function as an independent genre. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ongoing digitization of the literary heritage together with the growing competition between publishing houses have led to a situation where translation series of works considered as canonical changed their form of extending from diachronic, linear development in time to synchronic "explosion" of parallel texts, which task is to win readers-consumers with advantages of novelty, distinctness, "inventiveness." Such translations gain a new function - they become a marketing tool for publishing houses. In my opinion the newest retranslations of Mikhail Bulgakov's The Master and Margarita is one of the most interesting examples of the process described above. In recent years, new Polish versions of this novel have been published at a dizzying pace (five new translations between 2015 and 2018) and in overwhelming welth (five editions were published in four different translations in 2018 alone). The new translations of Bulgakov's novel evoke a lively response from the audience. All sorts of analysis, comparisons and opinions have been published not only in scientific journals, but also in daily newspapers, internet forums and in comments in online bookstores. In the Internet, professional translation criticism coexists with private opinions of Internet users (often based on non-literary factors) and with marketing content, advertisements, and blurbs deliberately formed as reviews. In this paper I would like to discuss new roles of professional translation criticism in circumstances described above, analyse its presence in the Internet and try to define its new objects. On the one hand, its voice should be loud and clear enough to be heard in the virtual chaos of texts, on the other hand - persuasive and lucid enough to help readers to become aware of decisions they make by choosing a particular translation and perceive the literary value of texts hidden behind attractive covers of new editions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The artistic diploma project of Jana Shostak, a Polish student from Belarus, assumed the introduction of the word “nowak” (newcomer) into the Polish language as an alternative to the negative term “refugee.” This initiative becomes particularly important in the context of the migration crisis, going beyond the safe sphere of art. The methods of presenting it, both by the artist and by the media, in the form of interviews, press articles and comments on internet forums, were analyzed. The article is an attempt to make a meta-interpretation of this artistic proposal from the perspective of critical cultural studies, emphasizing two main areas: culture as a battlefield and language as a tool of constructing meaning. Methodologically, it is also supported by relativistic linguistic theories, the paradigm of symbolic interactionism, ethnomethodology, the concept of engaged aesthetics and critical theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Baltico-Slavica is the property of Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Slavic Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction. Atopic dermatitis is a disease manifesting itself with itching, rash and dry skin. The worldwide occurrence of AD is estimated at the level of 2-23% in children and 7.1% in adults. In Poland, it occurs at the level of 5.3% and 4.3% in children (aged 6-7 and 13-14 respectively) as well as 3.02% in adults. Aim. Recognition and classification of AD-related information published in Internet forums as well as referencing the applied preventive measures. Material and methods. The study employed the method of content analysis. AD-related content published in forums were subject to qualitative and quantitative analysis. 40 websites have been assessed, of which 7 have been covered by the study. The information was published in Polish; it has been broken down into 9 main categories. Results. The most frequently published information was connected with treatment and care of atopic skin. All portals featured threads concerning received medical recommendations and natural treatment. In 6 portals, the published content was connected with the used medicine as well as effectiveness and prices thereof. Threads about skin care of both children and adults were found on 6 forums. Seven portals featured posts concerning recommended cosmetics and their effectiveness. Other categories include posts connected, among other things, with causes of the disease (featured on 5 forums), symptoms, diagnostics, advice by other users (6 forums), avoidance of everyday objects, and the Dermaveel application (5 portals). Conclusions. The analysis has shown that Internet forums comprise a source of knowledge of atopic dermatitis for patients and their relatives. For some users, portal is a kind of support group helping in the fight against the disease. Onerous symptoms reduce the quality of life of patients and their families, while treatment affects the burden on a household budget. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The new psychoactive substance (NPS) scene attracts people with various needs and motives. NPS, so-called designer drugs, for many seem to be the answer to what contemporary reality brings. The aim of the article is to present a typology of users and to present their views on the NPS. Methods: The study used a mixed method using qualitative and quantitative approach. A survey with 1385 users of NPS was conducted online and the analysis of the two largest Polish internet forums: “hyperreal.info” and “dopalamy.com” was done. Within the qualitative analysis carried out according to the principles of grounded theory over 1000 posts were analysed relating to ten most popular NPS from three different groups: stimulants (mostly synthetic cathinones), psychedelics and synthetic cannabinoids. Results: The study showed that the motives, context of use, style of language as well as expected effects of NPS are differentiating factors among users. Basing on these factors, in the process of qualitative analysis of Internet forums six different types of users were distinguished: 1) experts and scientists, 2) experimenters, 3) kamikaze, 4) newcomers, 5) supermen and 6) empathic party goers. Within each of the groups of NPS (stimulants, psychedelics, synthetic cannabinoids) the users of different types are dominant.

Copyright of Studia Slavica is the property of University of Ostrava, Faculty of Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)