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Modern society suffers from stress incontinence, which is an important medical, psychological and social problem. Stress incontinence has been discussed in Poland for the last years, but the problem is not new. The authors of this science paper emphasize the necessity for clarification of the strategy of prevention and treatment of urinary incontinence. This publication is a review of the published research concerning risk factors for the prevalence of stress incontinence. Based on the scientific literature, the importance of prevention of the urinary incontinence in women has also been analyzed. Until now, there have been numerous researches investigating the effectiveness of various forms of conservative treatment for stress urinary incontinence. The most common physiotherapy methods include exercises of the pelvic floor muscles and biofeedback. In the opinion of many authors, these methods of the conservative treatment have a beneficial effect but due to a variety of methodical approaches in the treatment you cannot directly compare the results of these observations. There is a necessity for clarification of the strategy of treatment and prevention of urinary incontinence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Albumin is the main protein of blood plasma, lymph, cerebrospinal fluid and interstitial fluid. The protein assists in many important body functions, including maintenance of proper colloidal osmotic pressure, transport of important metabolites and antioxidant action. Synthesis of albumin takes place mainly in the liver, and its catabolism occurs mostly in vascular endothelium of muscle, skin and liver as well as in the kidney tubular epithelium. Renal catabolism of albumin consists of glomerular filtration and tubular reabsorption. The tubular processes include endocytosis via the multiligand scavenger receptor tandem megalin and cubilin-amnionless complex. Possible ways of further catabolism of this protein are lysosomal proteolysis to amino acids and short peptides, recycling of degradation products into the bloodstream and tubular lumen or transcytosis of whole molecules. The article discusses the molecular aspects of these processes and presents the controversies arising in the light of the last decade of research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Polish Journal of Sports Medicine / Medycyna Sportowa is the property of Agencja Wydawnicza Medsportpress Sp. z o. o. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Trichinellosis, a zoonotic disease caused by nematodes of the genus Trichinella, is mostly considered a danger due to consumption of game and pork. The objective of this study was to investigate certain bird and reptile species as potential vectors of trichinellosis through their meat consumption. Trichinella pseudospiralis was detected in 13 bird species and turtles. Trichinella papuae affected saltwater crocodiles of Papua New Guinea, and Trichinella zimbabwensis infected farmed Nile crocodiles of Zimbabwe. Reported cases of trichinosis in humans occurring in areas where the meat of reptiles or predatory birds is traditionally consumed prove that the epizootic threat exists, and perhaps control and prevention programs should be considered. Testing for Trichinella in birds and reptiles necessitates the use of innovative diagnostic techniques, such as PCR. Expanding knowledge about these species can broaden our understanding of their evolution and their impact on the health of local residents. Preventive measures must be taken to avoid the transmission of parasites from animals to humans, considering the wide range of hosts vulnerable to the Trichinella genus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bohemistyka is the property of Instytut Filologii Slowianskiej Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Polish Journal of Sports Medicine / Medycyna Sportowa is the property of Agencja Wydawnicza Medsportpress Sp. z o. o. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

There are three major issues addressed in this paper. First, the possibility of making the property belonging to the local government units hold temporary on-call time is discussed. Next, the standards and location of such premises are addressed. Finally the issue of regular meetings is brought up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bohemistyka is the property of Instytut Filologii Slowianskiej Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bohemistyka is the property of Instytut Filologii Slowianskiej Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Lameness is one of the most common health issues in cattle, which is a significant cause of health disorders and economic losses in livestock. Due to the numerous and varied causes, its treatment and prevention are complex and challenging. Lameness is associated with intense pain, leading to discomfort, reduced milk yield, weight loss, and reproductive issues, which can ultimately result in chronic lameness and substantial financial losses. A number of simple, visual scoring scales have been developed for their detection and evaluation, which enable them to be detected quickly on the one hand, and appropriate interventions to be taken and their effectiveness evaluated on the other. The consistent application of these scoring systems is becoming a critical component of herd management strategies, aimed not only at reducing the prevalence of lameness but also at minimizing the associated economic impacts. This dual focus-improving animal welfare and reducing financial losses-highlights their importance in maintaining both herd health and cost-effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nasal and paranasal tumors in dogs are relatively common neoplasms in dogs, accounting for approximately 1 to 2% all canine cancers. Dogs of dolichocephalic breeds are predominantly affected. Clinical signs commonly seen in dogs with nasal neoplasia include epistaxis, nasal discharge, sneezing, stretor or signs of nasal obstruction, epiphora, dyspnea. Scull radiography, computed tomography and rhinoscopy should be included in diagnostic procedure, however microscopic examination of tissue samples is crucial for definitive diagnosis. Possible or confirmed prognostic factors include clinical grade, presence of epistaxis, animal age, as well as computed tomographic findings. Generally, prognosis for dogs with nasal tumors is poor, and megavoltage radiotherapy is the most commonly used method of therapy in such cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents current scientific data on the effects of mycotoxins on the immune system and health of pigs and discusses the effects of possible mycotoxin-induced immunomodulation (morbidity, susceptibility to infection, emergence of subclinical infections, vaccination efficacy). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effective treatment of mastitis is an increasingly difficult task and requires more and more work. On the other hand, the use of antibiotic therapy for each case of mastitis is a clear abuse, where on average 50% of clinical inflammation is nonbacterial. The conclusions are obvious – microbiological verification of each case of mastitis seems to be a necessity. Today, this task is not difficult and is already carried out by many veterinarians as well as farmers. The effects are satisfactory, because due to the developed treatment scheme, there is no blind therapy and the amounts of withdrawal milk are smaller. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of cattle injury scoring systems is part of livestock health management. Only those are not available appear, but are displayed when problems arise. Observable injuries and contusions are the most common human activities. These include errors in the design of livestock buildings and dens, improper functioning of existing equipment, brutal handling of animals due to lack of sufficient empathy and specific user experience and the routine use of veterinary procedures. In a standard study, the most frequently reported injuries in cattle, simple procedures for their assessment and basic frequencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autoimmune skin diseases are not the most common skin diseases in animals. The most common of them are bullous diseases such like pemfingus foliaceus and those belonging to the lupus group. In addition, many other autoimmune diseases of the skin affecting its adnexia, pigment cells, vessels and collagen have been described. In the article, we will describe less frequently diagnosed autoimmune skin diseases - vitiligo, alopecia areata and pseudopelade in dogs, cats and horses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetes is a complex disease and is usually accompanied by other diseases and complications. Diabetes and the accompanying chronic hyperglycemia often cause other diseases. Knowledge of feline diabetes in everyday practice is crucial. The goal of treating diabetes in cats is to achieve remission, reduce or eliminate the clinical symptoms of the disease, and improve the animal's quality of life. In order to achieve therapeutic success, cooperation between the veterinarian and the owner is very important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among the many factors that influence the well-being of a dog, the most influential is its owner. It is he who, thanks to his knowledge, is responsible for providing the dog with everything that is necessary to maintain health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bohemistyka is the property of Instytut Filologii Slowianskiej Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Menopausal Review / Przegląd Menopauzalny is the property of Termedia Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Annals of Theology / Roczniki Teologiczne is the property of Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL & Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawla II and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)