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Copyright of Polish Nursing / Pielegniarstwo Polskie is the property of Poznan University of Medical Sciences Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Art of Healing / Sztuka Leczenia is the property of Jagiellonian University Medical College and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Polish Nursing / Pielegniarstwo Polskie is the property of Poznan University of Medical Sciences Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Nursing in the 21st Century is the property of Sciendo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Plastic Surgery & Burns / Chirurgia Plastyczna i Oparzenia is the property of Evereth Publishing Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Polish Nursing / Pielegniarstwo Polskie is the property of Poznan University of Medical Sciences Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Polish Nursing / Pielegniarstwo Polskie is the property of Poznan University of Medical Sciences Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Polish Nursing / Pielegniarstwo Polskie is the property of Poznan University of Medical Sciences Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Human Resource Management / Zarzadzanie Zasobami Ludzkimi is the property of Institute of Labour & Social / Instytut Pracy i Spraw Socjalnych and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Polish Nursing / Pielegniarstwo Polskie is the property of Poznan University of Medical Sciences Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The shift work system may affect the temporal distribution of eating and diet quality. The paper aimed at reviewing a body of research examining the associations between night shift work and dietary habits among nurses. Data from the PubMed and Google Schoolar databases, as well as references lists in selected papers were searched. The authors used the following keywords: nurses, shift work, diet, nutrition. Papers published in English or Polish were selected for the review, and as many as 19 papers published in 2000−2017 were eventually identified. The studies varied greatly with respect to the study size, subjects’ age and the duration of night shift work. The major problem was the heterogeneity of the tools used for dietary assessment. Self-administered questionnaires were used and analyses were rarely adjusted for confounders. Alcohol consumption was the most frequently analyzed aspect (N = 8 studies), followed by the total energy (N = 7), protein, fat (N = 6), and carbohydrate intake, coffee and fruit consumption (N = 5). The results showed quite a consistent association of night work with higher coffee (caffeine) consumption, as well as lower alcohol, and fruit and vegetables consumption. Few studies also reported more frequent snacks consumption, later time of the last meal, eating at night, meals irregularity, and a poorer diet quality among night shift nurses when compared to the reference. The review showed some poor nutritional habits among nurses working night shifts. However, the topic warrants further attention, owing to the relatively small number of the studies performed so far, and their numerous methodological limitations. Med Pr. 2019;70(3):363–76

Copyright of Nursing in Anaesthesiology & Intensive Care is the property of Evereth Publishing Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Night shift work has been thought to play a role in the etiology of chronic diseases through a disruption of the circadian rhythm, decreased synthesis of melatonin and sleep deprivation. Our aim was to review the epidemiological studies on the association between night shift work and some pathologies in nurses and midwives. We reviewed publications available in the MEDLINE database and published before June 2012, describing the cross-sectional (almost two thirds of all papers) and cohort studies. In total, we identified 26 original papers, including 5 epidemiological studies addressing diseases or disorders of the digestive system, 3--metabolic syndrome, 2--type 2 diabetes, 9--cardiovascular diseases and (CVD risk factors, 5--obesity/overweight, 2--menstrual disorders and 3--poor pregnancy outcomes. The analysis of the literature indicates that night shift work of nurses and midwives is most strongly associated with a higher risk ofobesity/overweight. In each of the five studies, which we identified this association was observed (confirmed by the statistical significance of the results), also after adjustment for confounders. The results for type 2 diabetes and disorders of the menstrual cycle are also suggestive. Epidemiological data on the other disorders or pathologies discussed in this article seem to be less certain - their results are inconsistent or their number is too small to draw definite conclusions. Further epidemiological studies of nurses and midwives working on night shifts and prospective observations in particular are recommended to find out whether potential association between the night work and discussed health issues is causal.

Cervical cancer constitutes a serious public health problem in Poland as well as worldwide. Its main risk factor is HPV virus infection (especially type 16 and 18) but also a wide range of other factors associated with sexual behaviour, including tobacco smoking. The most important part of cervical cancer prevention is immunotherapy as well as reduction and elimination of modifiable risk factors. On the secondary level of prevention the most important are actions allowing early disease recognition, thanks to the mass screening test like Pap smear. In all preventive actions nurses play an important role. Their knowledge about cervical cancer risk factors is the basis of effectiveness and involvement in preventive programs directed toward polish women. The research took place in 2009 among 107 economically active nurses from Łódź region and its main goal was to identify knowledge about tobacco smoking as a cervical cancer risk factor. The study indicates that the knowledge is insufficient - only 59% of researched nurses included smoking as a risk factor. Among 19 analyzed in the paper potential risk factors tobacco smoking was ranked 12th by percentage of correct answers. The higher level of knowledge was represented by non-smoking older nurses, working at the ambulatory care units at the hospitals and living in the big cities. Nurses' knowledge requires systematical improvement as an element of under and post graduate degree education.

Copyright of Palliative Medicine / Medycyna Paliatywna is the property of Termedia Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Cytostatic drugs pose a quite specific occupational risk to health care workers. There is a wide range of potential harmful effects, including remote effects, exerted by this group of drugs. In Polish and international regulations, standards of work safety and hygiene concerning these substances are clearly defined. Nevertheless working conditions in Polish health care institutions are now mostly influenced by economic and organizational problems, which may also be reflected in the compliance with the work safety rules. This paper presents a preliminary analysis of subjective assessment of practice with regard to the management of cytostatics reported by nurses, an occupational group mostly exposed to these substances., Materials and Methods: The study was carried out at hospital departments in the Warmińsko-Mazurskie Voivodship, where exposure of the staff to these drugs was observed. The study covered the whole nursing staff exposed. Completed questionnaires were obtained from 60 nurses, aged +/- 32 years (20-54 years) with job seniority +/- 8 years (2-18), including 58 nurses with secondary education and two university graduates., Results and Conclusions: Undergraduate education did not develop in respondents skills to work with cytostatics. There is a need to increase the involvement of nursing schools, research institutes and teaching hospitals in the improvement of vocational training of nurses working with cytostatic drugs. To this end, all nurses should be covered with the obligatory training how to handle this group of drugs. The respondents reported that they had acquired their knowledge and experience of managing cytostatics in their work and during training organized at workplace. Despite the acquired knowledge and experience the interviewed nurses did not always comply with work safety and hygiene regulations. The problem of exposure to cytostatic drugs in the form of tablets was most frequently neglected. Some of the nurses were additionally exposed to ionizing radiation. Shortage of the nursing staff may be one of the reasons for the observed negligence of safety regulations. This may suggest the need to set norms on the adequate number of personnel employed in departments where cytostatics are used. Patients treated with cytostatic drugs should be informed about the purpose of preventive measures taken by nurses.

Copyright of Current Problems of Psychiatry is the property of Medical University of Lublin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Polish Nursing / Pielegniarstwo Polskie is the property of Poznan University of Medical Sciences Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Night shift work has been thought to play a role in the etiology of chronic diseases through a disruption of the circadian rhythm, decreased synthesis of melatonin and sleep deprivation. Our aim was to review the epidemiological studies on the association between night shift work and some pathologies in nurses and midwives. We reviewed publications available in the MEDLINE database and published before June 2012, describing the cross-sectional (almost two thirds of all papers) and cohort studies. In total, we identified 26 original papers, including 5 epidemiological studies addressing diseases or disorders of the digestive system, 3 - metabolic syndrome, 2 - diabetes type 2, 9 - cardiovascular diseases and CVD risk factors, 5 - obesity/overweight, 2 - menstrual disorders and 3 - poor pregnancy outcomes. The analysis of the literature indicates that night shift work of nurses and midwives is most strongly associated with a higher risk of obesity/overweight. In each of the five studies, which we identified this association was observed (confirmed by the statistical significance of the results), also after adjustment for confounders. The results for diabetes type 2 and disorders of the menstrual cycle are also suggestive. Epidemiological data on the other disorders or pathologies discussed in this article seem to be less certain - their results are inconsistent or their number is too small to draw definite conclusions. Further epidemiological studies of nurses and midwives working on night shifts and prospective observations in particular are recommended to find out whether potential association between the night work and discussed health issues is causal. Med Pr 2013;64(3):397–418

Deluga Alina, Dobrowolska Beata, Kosicka Bogumiła, Brzozowska Agnieszka. Wartościowanie zdrowia w opinii pielęgniarek w odniesieniu do zmiennych społeczno – demograficznych = Health evaluation with relation to socio-demographic variables – nurses’ opinions. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(4):167-180. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.50028 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/3460 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015). 755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Author (s) 2016; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 20.03.2016. Revised 17.04.2016. Accepted: 17.04.2016. Wartościowanie zdrowia w opinii pielęgniarek w odniesieniu do zmiennych społeczno – demograficznych Health evaluation with relation to socio-demographic variables – nurses’ opinions Alina Deluga, Beata Dobrowolska, Bogumiła Kosicka, Agnieszka Brzozowska 1. dr n med. Alina Deluga Alina Deluga, MSc, PhD Zakład Medycyny Rodzinnej i Pielęgniarstwa Środowiskowego, UM Lublin Department of Family Medicine and Community Nursing, Medical University of Lublin 2. dr n hum. Beata Dobrowolska Beata Dobrowolska, MSc, PhD Katedra Rozwoju Pielęgniarstwa, UM Lublin Department of Nursing Development, Medical University of Lublin 3. dr n med. Bogumiła Kosicka Bogumila Kosicka, MSc, PhD Katedra i Zakład Zarządzania w Pielęgniarstwie, UM Lublin Department of Management in Nursing, Medical University of Lublin 4. mgr Agnieszka Brzozowska Agnieszka Brzozowska, MSc Zakład Matematyki i Biostatystyki Medycznej, UM Lublin Department of Mathematics and Medical Biostatistics, Medical University of Lublin Słowa kluczowe: wartościowanie zdrowia, pielęgniarki, zmienne społeczno-demograficzne Key words: health evaluation, nurses, socio-demographic variables Streszczenie Wstęp Zdrowie stanowi jedną z najważniejszych wartości, na podstawie której dokonuje się wyboru zachowań zdrowotnych będących składową stylu życia człowieka. Cel pracy Celem pracy jest ocena wartości zdrowia w opinii pielęgniarek w zależności od zmiennych społeczno – demograficznych. Materiał i metody Badania przeprowadzono w 2014 i 2015 roku. Objęto nimi 191 pielęgniarek, będących studentami – studiów pomostowych licencjackich i magisterskich w wieku od 22 do 47 lat. Do zebrania materiału użyto standaryzowanego narzędzia badawczego – LKZ (Lista Kryteriów Zdrowia), autorstwa Z. Juczyńskiego. Wyniki Przeprowadzone badania wykazały, że pielęgniarki najwyższą wagę przypisują zdrowiu rozumianemu w kategorii właściwość i stan, określanemu przez stwierdzenia „nie odczuwać żadnych dolegliwości fizycznych”, „mieć sprawne wszystkie części ciała” oraz „czuć się szczęśliwym przez większość czasu”. Ankietowani po 40 roku życia, będący w związku małżeńskim, zamieszkujący małe miasta istotnie częściej wybierali kryterium zdrowia „nie odczuwać żadnych dolegliwości fizycznych”, (p=0,03) w porównaniu z badanymi z młodszych grup wiekowych, którzy częściej wskazywali na kryterium „potrafić dobrze współżyć z innymi ludźmi” (p=0,01). Wnioski Ocena znaczenia i wartościowania zdrowia jest ważnym elementem oceny świadomości prozdrowotnej pielęgniarek i jest zależna od zmiennych społeczno-demograficznych. Pielęgniarki najwyższą wagę przypisują zdrowiu utożsamianemu z właściwością i stanem, co charakteryzuje instrumentalne podejście do zdrowia. Abstract Introduction Health constitutes one of the most important values in human life and the basis for people’s decisions on their health behaviours which are components of their lifestyle. Aim The main aim of this paper is to evaluate the value of health in the opinion of nurses with relation to socio-demographic variables. Material and methods The study was carried out in years 2014 and 2015. It included 191 nurses who were students of nursing, both of bachelor bridging and master studies, from 22 to 47 years of age. The data were collected with a standardized research tool – the List of Health Criteria (LKZ Lista Kryteriów Zdrowia) by Z. Juczyński. Outcomes The study outcome showed that the respondents pay much attention mainly to health understood in the categories of property and state, described by the following statements: „not experiencing any ailments”, “having all the body parts healthy” and “feeling happy most of the time”. Those surveyed at the age of 40 plus, married and living in small towns more often chose the health criterion „not experiencing any ailments” (p = 0.03) than those younger ones who primarily marked the category “being able to efficiently coexist with other people” (p=0.01). Conclusions Health evaluation and significance are prominent elements of pro-health awareness in the nurses. Moreover, they/health behaviours depend on socio-demographic variables. The nurses pay much attention to health being associated with property and state, which characterizes an instrumental approach to health.

This article is a synopsis of the events at the September 15, 2008, conference in the Polish Senate Building in Warsaw, Poland. The event was part of the series of conferences, "Medical Occupations in Polish Territory in the 19th and 20th Centuries," with this meeting focusing upon "The Nurse in Polish Territory in the 19th and 20th Centuries." It was organized by the Institute of the History of Science at the Polish Academy of Sciences and the Silesian Medical University. The event was chaired by Dr. Bożena Urbanek and opened by Dr. Władysław Sidorowicz (former Polish senator and head of the senate's committee on health) and senator Stanisław Karczewski. The papers presented at the conference focused upon the role of the nurse in Poland from the 19th and 20th centuries.

Copyright of Medycyna Pracy is the property of Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. Jerzego Nofera and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Medycyna Pracy is the property of Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. Jerzego Nofera and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background Work patterns are important factors in employees’ decisions to change their job or leave their profession. The majority of nurses in Poland are women who play other social roles besides work. For this reason, satisfaction with their work patterns including input into work schedules, has a particularly significant impact on considering the idea of quitting their job. Material and Methods The study was conducted in 2008–2011 in 8 out of 10 higher education institutions which train nurses. Data obtained from 1045 questionnaires collected from a total of 1049 respondents from 3 randomly selected higher education institutions was used in this research paper. The relationship between the qualitative features and dichotomus quality features under examination was assessed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models. Results The results of the univariate logistic regression indicate that the risk of quitting increases to the highest extent with a mixed work pattern; it is lower for 12/24 h, and slightly lower for 2 day/night shifts. Conclusions A pattern with a single day shift was adopted as the reference level to reduce the risk of Polish nurses’ quitting their job. Med Pr. 2018;70(2):145–53

The emigration of medical personnel in Poland significantly increased in 2004 after Poland’s accession to the European Union. The aim of the paper is to present the results of a questionnaire survey, conducted on a sample of 166 nursing students, regarding plans for emigration after graduation. An attempt was made to recognize the scale and causes of this phenomenon, as well as events that could result in the resignation of future nurses from emigration plans. The presentation of the results of the survey was preceded by a􀁢review of theories describing the causes of migratory movements, data on the current number of Polish nurses, and characteristics of their population. About 75% of nursing students surveyed (regardless of their place of origin and year of study) declared their willingness to work abroad. Among the reasons for a possible trip abroad, respondents most often indicated favorable financial conditions, higher living standard, greater comfort of work, low prestige of the profession in Poland, more career opportunities, gaining experience, and current political situation in Poland. Certainly, prevention of emigration should consist in activities that produce quick results such as, for example, increasing salaries, finding other material and non-material benefits to make the profession more attractive, improving working conditions, ensuring flexible working hours or part-time employment, vocational mobilization of retired or economically inactive nurses. It is also necessary to carry out long-term actions aimed at a health care reform.

Pietraszek Agata, Charzyńska-Gula Marianna, Łuczyk Marta, Szadowska‑Szlachetka Zdzisława, Kachaniuk Hanna, Kwiatkowska Joanna. Analiza przyczyn stresu zawodowego w opinii pielęgniarek = An analysis of the causes of occupational stress in the opinions of nurses. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(9):643-652. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.158951 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/3862 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015). 755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Author (s) 2016; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 02.09.2016. Revised 24.09.2016. Accepted: 24.09.2016. Analiza przyczyn stresu zawodowego w opinii pielęgniarek An analysis of the causes of occupational stress in the opinions of nurses Agata Pietraszek1, Marianna Charzyńska-Gula2, Marta Łuczyk1, Zdzisława Szadowska‑Szlachetka1, Hanna Kachaniuk3, Joanna Kwiatkowska4 • Zakład Onkologii, Katedra Onkologii i Środowiskowej Opieki Zdrowotnej, Wydział Nauk o Zdrowiu, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie • Wydział Nauk Społecznych i Humanistycznych, Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła im. prof. Stanisława Tarnowskiego w Tarnobrzegu • Zakład Medycyny Rodzinnej i Pielęgniarstwa Środowiskowego, Katedra Onkologii i Środowiskowej Opieki Zdrowotnej, Wydział Nauk o Zdrowiu, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie • Zakład Etyki i Filozofii Człowieka, Katedra Nauk Humanistycznych, Wydział Nauk o Zdrowiu, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie Adres korespondencyjny: Agata Pietraszek, Katedra Onkologii i Środowiskowej Opieki Zdrowotnej, Wydział Nauk o Zdrowiu, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie, ul. S. Staszica 4/6, 20-059 Lublin, e mail: agata.pietraszek.umlub@gmail.com Streszczenie Wstęp. Stres zawodowy występuje wtedy, kiedy pracownicy doświadczają dyskomfortu psychicznego związanego z warunkami bądź wymaganiami pracy, w sytuacji, gdy przekraczają one ich możliwości. Cel badań. Celem badani było poznanie opinii pielęgniarek na temat czynników stresogennych występujących w miejscu pracy. Materiał i metody. Badaniami objęto grupę 278 osób wykonujących zawód pielęgniarki. W badaniach zastosowano metodę sondażu diagnostycznego z techniką ankiety, z zastosowaniem autorskiego kwestionariusza ankiety. Otrzymane dane poddano analizie statystycznej w oparciu o oprogramowanie komputerowe Statistica 10.0. Wyniki i wnioski. Większość badanych pielęgniarek była usatysfakcjonowana z pracy zawodowej (85%). Nawet 95,6% badanych twierdziło, że zawód pielęgniarki jest stresujący. Dodatkowo 56,1% badanych twierdziło, że jest codziennie narażona na stres zawodowy. Znaczny odsetek respondentów deklarowało radzenie sobie ze stresem w pracy. Czynniki, które wywołują znaczący poziom stresu wśród większości pielęgniarek to niska pensja (43,53%), a także nagłe pogorszenie stanu zdrowia pacjenta i konieczność reanimacji (39,93%). Zmienne, które istotnie różnicują opinie badanego personelu pielęgniarskiego to: wiek, stan cywilny, miejsce zamieszkania, liczba potomstwa, pełnione stanowisko oraz kontakt ze śmiercią i umieraniem pacjentów w codziennej praktyce zawodowej. Słowa kluczowe: stres psychologiczny; pielęgniarki; narażenie zawodowe Abstract Introduction. Occupational stress occurs when workers experience mental discomfort due to working conditions or requirements which exceed their capabilities. Objective. The objective of the study was to identify the opinions of nurses on stress factors at their workplace. Material and methods. The survey covered a group of 278 individuals performing the profession of a nurse. The diagnostic survey method was applied together with a self-designed questionnaire. The obtained data was subjected to statistical analysis with the use of the Statistica 10.0 software. Results and conclusions. Most of the surveyed nurses were satisfied with their professional work (85%). As many as 95.6% of them claimed that their profession is stressful. Furthermore, 56.1% of the respondents admitted that they were exposed to occupational stress on a daily basis. A considerable percentage of the surveyed declared being able to deal with stress at work. The factors that contribute to a substantial level of stress of most nurses include low remuneration (43.53%), and a sudden decline in a patient's condition and the necessity of resuscitation (39.93%). The variables that constitute significant differentiating factors of the opinions of the nursing personnel are: age, marital status, place of residence, number of children, job position and contact with death and dying patients in the daily nursing practice. Key words: stress, psychological; nurses; occupational exposure

Copyright of Polish Nursing / Pielegniarstwo Polskie is the property of Poznan University of Medical Sciences Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Stychno Ewa, Kulczycka Kinga. Pracoholizm w kategoriach deprecjacji pracy pielęgniarki. Wybrane aspekty = Workaholism in categories of nurses’ work depreciation. Chosen aspects. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(10):11-21. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.159507 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/3920 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015). 755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Author (s) 2016; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 02.09.2016. Revised 24.09.2016. Accepted: 07.10.2016. Pracoholizm w kategoriach deprecjacji pracy pielęgniarki. Wybrane aspekty Workaholism in categories of nurses’ work depreciation. Chosen aspects Stychno Ewa, Kulczycka Kinga Katedra i Zakład Zarządzania w Pielęgniarstwie, Wydział Nauk o Zdrowiu UM w Lublinie Chair and Department of Management in Nursing Faculty Health Sciences Medical University of Lublin Słowa kluczowe: pielęgniarki, pracoholizm, stres, wypalenie zawodowe Keys words: nurses, workaholism, stress, occupational burnout syndrome Streszczenie Pracoholizm jest zjawiskiem badanym przede wszystkim przez psychologów, którzy koncentrują się na relacjach pracoholika z bliskimi mu osobami. Ale skutki tego uzależnienia ujawniają się także w funkcjonowaniu pielęgniarki w środowisku pracy. Pielęgniarstwo należy do zawodów, w których ciągły stres jest nieodłącznym aspektem, wynikającym z natury pracy. Niewłaściwe radzenie sobie ze stresem w sytuacjach trudnych prowadzi do powstania zespołu wypalenia zawodowego. Dlatego zagadnienie to powinno stanowić obszar poszukiwań badawczych także dla kadry zarządzającej kapitałem ludzkim. Cel pracy Celem niniejszego opracowania jest omówienie pracoholizmu i jego negatywnych skutków (stres i wypalenie zawodowe) w kategoriach deprecjacji pracy pielęgniarki. Pracoholizm zaburza równowagę pomiędzy pracą zawodową a życiem prywatnym. Ograniczeniu ulega zaangażowanie pracownika w życie rodzinne, brakuje czasu na realizację własnych zainteresowań. Sytuacja taka powoduje stres i zjawisko wypalenia zawodowego, a w także negatywne konsekwencje dla jednostki, jak i jej najbliższego otoczenia. Narastające trudności związane z wykonywaną pracą, stała rywalizacja, niepewność zatrudnienia będą potęgowały negatywny aspekt pracoholizmu i osłabiały mechanizmy przystosowawcze. Wnioski Konieczne jest uświadomienie sobie przez kadrę zarządzającą faktu, iż pracownicy - pracoholicy nie przynoszą organizacji tylu korzyści, co pracownicy posiadający umiejętność panowania nad własnym życiem, pracą i rodziną. Summary Workaholism is a phenomenon researched mostly by psychologists, whom focalize on the workaholic’s relations with his relatives. Nursing is one professions in which stress is irreplaceable and is a result of the nature of the profession itself. Inappropriate dealing with stress leads to developing the burnout syndrome. Yet this addiction has a negative influence on workaholic’s actions in his work environment. Therefore this issue should be taken into an area of scientific research also by staff managers of human resources. Aim of study This study’s purpose is to research workaholism and its negative impact in categories of nurses’ work depreciation. Workaholism disrupts the balance between professional work and personal life. The addict’s commitment to his family becomes severely limited, he lacks time for personal arrangements and interests. Such state of affairs causes further stress and burnout, which spreads over the individual’s relatives. Increasing difficulties related to performed work, constant state of competition, uncertainty of employment will be intensifying the negative aspect of workaholism and weakening adaptive mechanisms. Conclusion Therefore, it is vital for the management staff to realise that employees-workaholics do not benefit the company as much as employees with the ability to control their own lives, work and family.

Wstęp. Jak zauważają socjologowie sportu i przedstawiciele nauk o kulturze fizycznej, korzystanie z różnorodnych form sportu i rekreacji w czasie wolnym wydaje się jednym z najistotniejszych współczesnych obszarów badań społecznych, w których aplikować można klasową teorię Pierre'a Bourdieu. Cel. Celem opracowania było nakreślenie w kontekście teorii dystynkcji autorstwa Pierre'a Bourdieu aktywności sportowo-rekreacyjnej pielęgniarek i położnych. Materiał i metody. Badaniami objęto 127 zawodowo czynnych pielęgniarek i położnych pracujących w szpitalach oraz przychodniach POZ znajdujących się z terenie województwa wielkopolskiego. W pracy wykorzystano metodę sondażu diagnostycznego zrealizowanego za pomocą narzędzia, jakim był autorski kwestionariusz ankiety, wspomagany wywiadem nieustrukturyzowanym. Wyniki. Badane kobiety najczęściej preferują jazdę na rowerze, nordic walking, gimnastykę i ćwiczenia w domu, biegi, pływanie, aerobik, sporty zimowe oraz gimnastykę odchudzającą. Sprawność fizyczna oraz dobra kondycja często są rudymentarni dla osób wykonujących zawód pielęgniarki i położnej. Potrzeby estetyczne to kolejny obszar lokujący się wśród istotnych wartości wynikających z uczestnictwa w aktywności sportowo-rekreacyjnej. Wnioski. Uzyskane dane dotyczące aktywności sportowo-rekreacyjnej pielęgniarek i położnych pozwalają stwierdzić, że wybierane przez nie formy aktywności ruchowej mogą być dyskretnymi, ale ważnymi wyróżnikami ich stylu życia lub - idąc tokiem myślenia francuskiego socjologa Pierre'a Bourdieu - cechami społecznie dystynktywnymi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cieślicka Agnieszka, Gębka Magda, Rząca Marcin, Kocka Katarzyna, Pietraszek Agata, Bartoszek Agnieszka, Charzyńska‑Gula Marianna. Następstwa zdrowotne pracy w narażeniu na leki cytostatyczne w grupie zawodowej pielęgniarek i pielęgniarzy = The health consequences of occupational exposure to cytostatics among nurses. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(9):566-574. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI 1http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.154995 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/3882 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015). 755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Author (s) 2016; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 05.08.2016. Revised 25.08.2016. Accepted: 21.09.2016. Następstwa zdrowotne pracy w narażeniu na leki cytostatyczne w grupie zawodowej pielęgniarek i pielęgniarzy The health consequences of occupational exposure to cytostatics among nurses Agnieszka Cieślicka1, Magda Gębka2, Marcin Rząca3, Katarzyna Kocka4, Agata Pietraszek3, Agnieszka Bartoszek4, Marianna Charzyńska-Gula5 1. Blok Operacyjny, Samodzielny Publiczny Szpital Kliniczny nr 4 w Lublinie 2. Oddział Chirurgii Naczyniowej, Wojewódzki Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Stefana Kardynała Wyszyńskiego w Lublinie 3. Zakład Onkologii, Katedra Onkologii i Środowiskowej Opieki Zdrowotnej, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie 4. Zakład Medycyny Rodzinnej i Pielęgniarstwa Środowiskowego, Katedra Onkologii i Środowiskowej Opieki Zdrowotnej, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie 5. Wydział Nauk Społecznych i Humanistycznych, Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła im. prof. Stanisława Tarnowskiego w Tarnobrzegu Streszczenie Wprowadzenie. Stosowane w leczeniu przeciwnowotworowym leki cytostatyczne działają toksycznie nie tylko na komórki nowotworowe, ale także na zdrowe. Przyjęcie chemioterapii wiąże się z występowaniem u pacjentów licznych, mocno nasilonych objawów niepożądanych. Kontakt z tymi lekami ma także personel. Toksyczne cytostatyki są wchłaniane przez personel drogą wziewną, kontaktową przez skórę, co ma miejsce nie tylko podczas przygotowywania i podawania leków przez personel pielęgniarski ale także przez kontakt z wydzielinami pacjentów. Ich wpływ na zdrowie pielęgniarek i pielęgniarzy nie jest obojętny. Cel. Celem badań było zbadanie następstw zdrowotnych pracy w narażeniu na leki cytostatyczne w grupie zawodowej pielęgniarek i pielęgniarzy. Materiał i metody. Uczestnikami badania były pielęgniarki i pielęgniarze lubelskich szpitali w liczbie 97 osób, podający pacjentom i/lub przygotowujący leki cytostatyczne. Narzędzia badawczym był autorski kwestionariusz ankiety, składający się z 14 pytań. Wyniki. Personel pielęgniarski pracujący w narażeniu na leki cytostatyczne obserwował u siebie następujące objawy: nadmierne łzawienie, suchość spojówek, zaczerwienienie i swędzenie oczu (47%), podrażnienie skóry (44%), podrażnienie błon śluzowych (39%), nasilone wypadanie brwi, rzęs (30%) czy odczuwanie zaburzeń rytmu serca (16%) oraz nudności/wymioty (8%). Nie wszyscy pracownicy stosowali podczas podawania leków środki ochrony osobistej, fartuch flizelinowy- stosowało 64% badanych, maskę na twarz 61% a okulary ochronne 36% badanych. Wnioski. Najwięcej objawów spowodowanych pracą w środowisku chemioterapeutyków występuje u osób z najdłuższym stażem pracy w narażeniu na leki cytostatyczne. liczba podawanych cytostatyków pacjentom tygodniowo istotnie wiąże się ze znacznie częstszym występowaniem niepokojących zmian w organizmie, wywołanych najprawdopodobniej kontaktem z tymi lekami.Personel pielęgniarski stosuje środki ochrony indywidualnej w sposób niewystarczający. Słowa kluczowe. personel pielęgniarski, cytostatyki, powikłania, narażenie zawodowe Summary Introduction. Cytostatics used in cancer treatment are toxic not only for cancerous lesions but also for normal cells. Chemotherapy causes a number of strong adverse reactions experienced by patients. The personnel is also exposed to these drugs. The toxic cytostatics are absorbed by the personnel by inhaling and through contact with the skin, which takes place not only during preparing and administering the medications by nurses, but also through contact with patients' secretions. They have a noticeable impact on nurses' health. Aim. The aim of the survey was to assess the health consequences of occupational exposure to cytostatics among nurses. Material and method. The survey included 97 nurses working in Lublin's hospitals on the preparation and/or administration of cytostatics. A self-designed questionnaire consisting of 14 questions served as the research tool. Results. The nurses exposed to cytostatics demonstrated the following symptoms: excessive lacrimation, dry conjunctivas, eye redness and itching (47%), skin irritation (44%), irritated mucous membranes (39%), increased eyebrow and lash shedding (30%), cardiac arrhythmia (16%), and nausea/vomiting (8%). Not all of the employees used personal protection equipment while administering the drugs; protective non-woven aprons - 64% of the surveyed, face mask - 61%, protective glasses - 36%. Conclusion. The highest number of symptoms caused by contact with chemotherapeutics is observed among people exposed to cytostatics for the longest period of time.The amount of cytostatics administered to patients per week is significantly correlated with the frequency of alarming changes in the nurses' systems, probably caused by contact with the medications.Furthermore, nurses do not make a sufficient use of personal protection equipment. Key words. nurses, cytostatics, complications, occupational exposure

Pietraszek Agata, Charzyńska-Gula Marianna, Dobrowolska Beata, Stanisławek Andrzej, Łuczyk Marta. The life satisfaction of Polish nurses at the retirement age = Satysfakcja z życia pielęgnairek w wieku emerytalnym. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(9):333-344. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.61885 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/3806 https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/sedno-webapp/works/746747 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015). 755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Author (s) 2016; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 05.08.2016. Revised 25.08.2016. Accepted: 06.09.2016. The life satisfaction of Polish nurses at the retirement age Satysfakcja z życia pielęgnairek w wieku emerytalnym Agata Pietraszek1, Marianna Charzyńska-Gula2, Beata Dobrowolska3, Andrzej Stanisławek1, Marta Łuczyk1 • Chair of Oncology and Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, Poland • Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Higher Vocational School Memorial of Prof. Stanislaw Tarnowski in Tarnobrzeg, Poland • Chair of Development in Nursing. Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, Poland Corresponding author: AgataPietraszek, Chair of Oncology and Community Health Care, Medical University of Lublin; StanisławaStaszica4/6 (Collegium Maximum), 20-081 Lublin, Poland; telephone: +48 609456804; fax: +48 81 4486811 email: krzos.agata@gmail.com, agata.pietraszek.umlub@gmail.com Abstract Background: Research on the life satisfaction of nurses at the retirement age can help identify elements which have an impact on this aspect of the quality of nurses’ life. In spite of the number of studies available in the field there is still no consistent data regarding the issue of life satisfaction among nurses at this stage of life.The aim of the study was to explore chosen factors associated with the life satisfaction of Polish nurses at the retirement age. Methods: A quantitative approach was adopted. Data was collected using a survey questionnaire to be completed by 135 nurses (100%) at the retirement age from seven randomly chosen District Chambers of Nurses and Midwives in Poland. Two research tools were used: a questionnaire developed by the authors and the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) by E. Diener. The collected data was analysed using STATISTICA version 10.0. Results: Statistically significant variables affecting the level of life satisfaction included the type of professional activity, type of workplace and managerial functions served, and also affiliation with a given District Chamber of Nurses and Midwives. There was no significant correlation between the level of life satisfaction and the level of job satisfaction among the nurses surveyed. Conclusions: A correlation was identified between some elements of professional activity and the life satisfaction of nurses at the retirement age. This should be taken into account when considering different aspects of the organisation of nurses’ work. In the light of the changes of retirement schemes across the world a broader discussion is needed regarding the issue of the life satisfaction of nurses at the retirement age in order to study the possible correlations between their professional activity and satisfaction with life. Developing a clear strategy for planning the forms of activation of retired nurses and using their potential and experience in the healthcare system is recommended, especially given the situation of nurses shortage. Key words: Ageing, Job satisfaction, Nurses, Personal satisfaction, Poland, Retirement

Baumgart Mariusz, Radzimińska Agnieszka, Szpinda Michał, Kurzyński Paweł, Goch Aleksander, Zukow Walery. Dolegliwości bólowe kręgosłupa wśród personelu pielęgniarskiego = Spinal pain among nurses. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2015;5(9):633-646. ISSN 2391-8306. DOI10.5281/zenodo.31730 http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.31730 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/2015%3B5%289%29%3A633-646 https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/works/640916 Formerly Journal of Health Sciences. ISSN 1429-9623 / 2300-665X. Archives 2011–2014http://journal.rsw.edu.pl/index.php/JHS/issue/archive Deklaracja. Specyfika i zawartość merytoryczna czasopisma nie ulega zmianie. Zgodnie z informacją MNiSW z dnia 2 czerwca 2014 r., że w roku 2014 nie będzie przeprowadzana ocena czasopism naukowych; czasopismo o zmienionym tytule otrzymuje tyle samo punktów co na wykazie czasopism naukowych z dnia 31 grudnia 2014 r. The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland parametric evaluation. Part B item 1089. (31.12.2014). © The Author (s) 2015; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland and Radom University in Radom, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 02.08.2015. Revised 05.09.2015. Accepted: 29.09.2015. Dolegliwości bólowe kręgosłupa wśród personelu pielęgniarskiego Spinal pain among nurses Mariusz Baumgart1, Agnieszka Radzimińska2, Michał Szpinda1, Paweł Kurzyński3, Aleksander Goch2, Walery Zukow4 1. Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu, Collegium Medicum w Bydgoszczy, Katedra i Zakład Anatomii Prawidłowej, Bydgoszcz, Polska / Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Department of Anatomy, Poland 2. Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu Collegium Medicum w Bydgoszczy, Katedra Fizjoterapii, Bydgoszcz, Polska / Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Department of Physiotherapy, Poland 3. Student kierunku Fizjoterapia Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu, Collegium Medicum w Bydgoszczy, Bydgoszcz, Polska / Physiotherapy student, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Poland 4. Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy, Bydgoszcz, Polska / Kazimierz Wielki University, Bydgoszcz, Poland Autor do korespondencji: baumgartmar@gmail.com - Mariusz Baumgart, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu, Collegium Medicum w Bydgoszczy, Katedra i Zakład Anatomii Prawidłowej, ul. Łukasiewicza 1, 85-821 Bydgoszcz, Polska Słowa kluczowe: bóle kręgosłupa, pielęgniarki, kwestionariusz ODI, kwestionariusz NDI. Key words: back pain, nurses, Oswestry Disability Index, Neck Disability Index. Streszczenie Wstęp Badania epidemiologiczne pokazują, że częstość występowania bólu kręgosłupa wśród personelu pielęgniarskiego waha się w granicach 75% dla odcinka lędźwiowego kręgosłupa, natomiast dla odcinka szyjnego w granicach 60%. Niepokojący jest fakt, że liczba ta ciągle rośnie. Materiał i Metody Badaniem objęto 60 losowo wybranych pielęgniarek pracujących na różnych oddziałach szpitalnych w regionie kujawsko-pomorskim. W celu oceny niepełnosprawności spowodowanej bólem kręgosłupa lędźwiowego i szyjnego zastosowano polską wersję Oswestry Disability Scale (ODI) i Neck Disability Index (NDI). Wyniki Ocena stopnia niepełnosprawności za pomocą kwestionariusza ODI i NDI pozwoliła zakwalifikować badaną grupę do przedziału wskazującego na umiarkowaną niepełnosprawność. Masa ciała oceniana wskaźnikiem BMI miała wpływ na nasilenie dolegliwości bólowych kręgosłupa w badanej grupie. Dolegliwości bólowe kręgosłupa w badanej grupie dotyczą osób o krótkim stażu pracy i zwiększają się odpowiednio u osób ze stażem dłuższym. Wnioski • Dolegliwości bólowe kręgosłupa w grupie zawodowej pielęgniarek stanowią poważny problem medyczny i społeczny. • Istnieje potrzeba wprowadzenia w tej grupie zawodowej programów profilaktycznych ukierunkowanych na prewencję dysfunkcji kręgosłupa. Summary Introduction Epidemiological research shows that frequency of the pain in the spine in nursing staff occurs approximately in 75% for the lumbar vertebrae and in 60% for the cervical vertebrae. Unfortunately these numbers are still growing. Material and Methods The study included 60 randomly selected nurses working in different wards of the region kujawsko-pomorskie. To assess disability due to pain of the lumbar and cervical spine used Polish version of the Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Scale (ODI) and Neck Disability Index (NDI). Results The assessment of the disability level for the people being examined with the ODI and NDI questionnaires allowed to qualify the examined group to the moderate level of disability. The weight estimated with the BMI indicator had an impact on the increase of the pain in the spine among the examined group. The pain in the spine refers to people with short length of service and it increases among those with longer length of service. Conclusions • Pain in the spine among nurses is a serious medical and social problem. • There is a need to implement preventive programs for this professional group aiming at spine dysfunctions prevention.

Copyright of Higher School's Pulse is the property of Public Higher Medical Professional School in Opole and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Higher School's Pulse is the property of Public Higher Medical Professional School in Opole and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Higher School's Pulse is the property of Public Higher Medical Professional School in Opole and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)