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Introduction: The development of bioactive wound dressings with high healing efficacy is one of the most important domains in interdisciplinary fields. The objective of the present study was to fabricate and characterize a nanofibrous wound dressing containing gentamicin-conjugated nanoclay. Material & Methods: First, the interaction between the structure of nanoclays and gentamicin was evaluated based on computer simulation methods and using Gaussian software. Then, the purified nanoclays were conjugated with gentamicin, and the properties of the resulting nanoparticles were analyzed. The synthesized nanocomplex was integrated into the nanofiber structure using the electrospinning method, and the nanofiber wound covering was identified. Finally, the biological properties of nanofiber wound dressing were investigated. Results: Numerical studies indicated that there were negatively charged oxygen groups on both sides of the nanoclay plates, which could make stable interactions with the positively charged nitrogen in gentamicin, and the drug was well-loaded between pages. The characterization results demonstrated that nanofiber wound dressings had acceptable characteristics in terms of morphology, diameter, wettability, mechanical properties, swelling, and bacterial penetration barrier. These functions provide a suitable environment for wound healing. The addition of gentamicin led to beneficial biological properties for prepared wound dressings, and these nanofibers had acceptable hemocompatibility and biocompatibility. Discussion & Conclusion: The findings of the present research can be a fundamental step for using the combination of kaolin/polyvinyl alcohol nanofibers containing gentamicin in various fields of pharmaceutical bioengineering, including the production of wound dressings.

Background and Objectives: Antibiotic resistance is known to be the main challenge against treatment of infectious diseases related to Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus). Niosomal nanosystems are the new drug delivery systems which enhance antimicrobial potential activity of antibiotics. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a niosomal drug delivery system containing gentamicin against S.aureus. Materials and Methods: In this laboratory study, different niosomes including Span 60, Tween 60, and cholesterol in combination with gentamicin with different molar ratio were synthesized using the thin film hydration method. Synthesized niosomal nanosystems were identified by light microscope and dynamic laser light scattering (DLS) technique. Antibacterial activity of synthesized niosomes against S.aureus (PTCC: 1112) was evaluated by well diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) methods. Data was analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post hoc test. ResultsNiosomal nanosystems were identified in spherical vesicles and in 3 formulations with average particle sizes of 9.09±0.76, 27.59±15.20 and 9.10±0.30 μm, respectively. The results revealed that the formulation with 60:40 molar ratio had higher gentamycin encapsulation efficiency (90.82%) and also, 60:40 niosomal formulation with half the concentration of commercially available gentamicin solution had the same inhibition of growth on Staphylococcus aureus bacteria (p=0.658) . ConclusionControlled and continuous release of gentamicin from the niosomal nanosystem, along with enhanced drug penetration could reduce the growth of S.aureus. Accordingly, niosomal nanosystem has a good potential to be an effective drug delivery system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: Asymptomatic bacteriuria is bacteria in the properly collected urine of a patient, leading to a urinary tract infection with no symptoms. Asymptomatic bacteriuria is a common complication in clinical practice with an increasing prevalence due to increase of age. The present study investigated the prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria among pregnant women receiving antenatal care in Ovia North East Local Government Area, Edo State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A total of 201 urine samples were collected randomly from pregnant women at Igbinedion University Teaching Hospital, Okha Maternity and Usen General Hospital in in Ovia North East Local Government Area. The bacteria isolation was carried out using the pour plate technique. The bacteria identification was conducted by gram staining and biochemical tests and the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the bacterial isolates was determined by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique. Results: Eighty-one of the subjects had significant bacteriuria, with a prevalence of 40.3 %. The bacteria isolated in the samples were Streptococcus, Proteus, Klebsiella and Micrococcus species as well as Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Streptococcus spp. occurred more frequently (42.0 %) while S. aureus had the lowest frequency of occurrence (2.5 %) in the samples. The infection was most prevalent among women aged between 28 and 37 years (74.5 %). Pregnant women in their third trimester in this study had the highest prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria (55.2 %). Ciprofloxacin was found to be the most effective antibiotic against the urinary isolates. Conclusion: Pregnancy promotes the progression from symptomatic to asymptomatic bacteriuria with its consequences such as pyelonephritis and increased fetal mortality. Therefore, routine culture test should be carried out for all antenatal women to detect asymptomatic bacteriuria and all positive cases should be treated with appropriate antibiotic therapy to prevent any obstetric complications which are associated with pregnancy.

Introduction: The toxicity of gentamycin in the kidney seems to be related to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). There is evidence that pretreatment with oxygen increases the rate and activity of antioxidant enzymes. Methods: In this experimental study, forty eight female rats (Sprague Dawlley) were divided into 6 groups randomly (8 in each) as follows: group 1 was the control and for other groups different doses of oxygen with Gentamycin was used for 8 days intra-peritoneally (100 mg/kg ). 24-hour urine samples were collected after the final injection. Blood samples were collected and serum was prepared. The left kidney was fixed in formal saline. Serum MDA, creatinin and urea, as well as urine creatinine were measured. 5-micron tissue sections were prepared and stained by Periodic Acid Shift method. Volume density of proximal tubules, necrosis of proximal tubules and lymphocytic infiltration were studied. The data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney test at significant level of p