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The aim of the present study is to investigate and compare the physicochemical properties of the essential oil obtained from the oleo-gumresin of two Ferula gummosa populations from Isfahan and Fars habitats. For this purpose, the oleo-gum-resin of F. gummosa was collected from two areas in Maragh, Kashan and Eqlid, Fars. The essential oil was then extracted from the fresh oleo-gum-resin by water and steam distillation. The essential oil was analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively using GC and GC/MS devices. The appearance and physical and chemical characteristics of the essential oil of two populations of F. gummosa including their relative density, refractive index, optical rotation, and phytochemicals were investigated and compared. According to the results, F. gummosa essential oil is a transparent and colourless liquid with a turpentine odour and a green woody scent. The essential oils of two populations of Kashan and Eqlid have relative densities of 0.874 and 0.869, refractive indices of 1.4810 and 1.4795, and optical rotations of 11.35° and 23.52°, respectively. The comparison of the average physical traits of the essential oils of two F. gummosa populations shows that there is no significant difference in the characteristics of relative density and refractive index while there is a significant difference in the amount of optical rotation, which is due to the difference in the content of optically active compounds in the profiles of the two essential oil samples. Based on the essential oil analysis, hydrocarbon monoterpenes including β-pinene (71% and 68.8%), δ-3-carne (9.4% and 5.2%), limonene (2.4% and 15.6%), myrcene (3.9% and 2.4%), and α-pinene (3.6% and 3.4%) were identified as the main compounds in two F. gummosa populations from Kashan and Eqlid, respectively. The difference between two F. gummosa populations in the amount of essential oil components is related to factors such as altitude, climate and precipitation of the two habitats. Although the physicochemical properties of the essential oil of two F. gummosa populations studied are in good agreement with the international standard (ISO), the advantage of Fars F. gummosa is the high content of limonene in the essential oil, and this indicates the ability of Iranian galbanum to compete in foreign markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chicory is one of the most useful plants in traditional medicine and has various therapeutic properties and chemical compounds. Due to the variety of climatic conditions of Iran, the chemical composition and biological stress of chicory grown in different regions of Iran may be different from chicory grown in other countries. Therefore, this research was conducted to investigate phytochemistry including the identification and measurement of some phenolic compounds in the hydroalcoholic extracts of the Cichorium intybus L. (collected from 6 localities) in order to compare with chicory grown in other parts of the world. Based on the studied articles and existing standards, 9 compounds including chicoric acid, chlorogenic acid, rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid, salicylic acid, gallic acid, catechin, quercetin, and rutin were selected and examined in the extract of the aerial part and roots of the plant by HPLC. Among the studied compounds, chicoric acid (0.55 to 6.04 mg per gram of dry plant), chlorogenic acid (0.50 to 5.37 mg per gram of dry plant), and rutin (0.56 to 2.25 mg per gram of dry plant) were found in the extracts of aerial parts and chicoric acid (0.03% to 0.29 mg per gram of dry plant) and chlorogenic acid (0.84% to 2.88 mg per gram of dry plant) were found in the extracts of roots of all samples. Among the studied populations, the highest amounts of major compounds (chicoric acid and chlorogenic acid) were observed in the aerial parts of the sample collected from the National Botanical Garden of Iran with 6.04 mg of chicoric acid and 5.37 mg chlorogenic acid. The results show that although the amount of main compounds of the cultivated sample is different from of that of wild samples, but the nature of the main compounds and the pattern of the HPLC spectrum of all the samples are close to each other and similar to the chicory grown outside of Iran. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Cryopreservation by various mechanisms, such as the induction of oxidative, osmotic, and temperature stress, causes a reduction in sperm quality after the freeze-thaw process. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the simultaneous addition of chlorogenic acid and lipoic acid as an antioxidant supplement to sperm freezing medium in patients with oligoasthenospermia. Methods: Sperm samples from patients with oligoasthenozoospermia were divided into five groups as follows: fresh sample (prefrozen semen), control (sperm freezing medium without supplements), CGA group (sperm freezing medium with 100 µM chlorogenic acid), ALA group (sperm freezing medium with 200 µM lipoic acid) and CGA+ALA group (sperm freezing medium with chlorogenic acid and lipoic acid). Total mobility, viability rate (eosin-nigrosin staining) and DNA fragmentation index (Halo test) were assessed before and after freeze-thawing. Results: In the control group, there was a decrease in total sperm motility and viability and an increase in DFI. Freezing sperm in the CGA, ALA, and CGA+ALA groups was associated with a significant increase in viability and total sperm motility after thawing. The results of the Halo test also showed that the increase in sperm DFI caused by the freeze-thaw process was less in all three experimental groups than in the control group, and this decrease was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: The simultaneous addition of chlorogenic acid and lipoic acid to the sperm freezing medium can improve the quality of sperm samples after the freeze-thaw process in terms of mobility, viability, and DNA fragmentation, thus increasing the efficiency of this technique in the treatment of male infertility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Green coffee affects lipid profile due to its hypolipidemic bioactive compounds. Green coffee along with resistance training are considered as two possible factors for improving lipid profile. This study aimed to investigate the simultaneous effect of resistance training and green coffee on lipid profile and blood glucose in overweight and obese naval officers. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 48 overweight and obese men were randomly assigned to four Resistance Training (R-Ex), Green Coffee (GC), Resistance Training + Green Coffee (R-Ex+GC), and Control (Con) groups. The training was performed in four sessions a week for eight weeks. An amount of 400 mg of green coffee was consumed per day for eight weeks. Results: The results showed a significant decrease in LDL, TG, and TC in the R-Ex group compared with the GC group. Also, the levels of TG and TC in the R-Ex+GC group had a significant decrease compared with the GC group. Conclusion: According to the results of this research, both types of intervention, GC supplementation and R-Ex alone can be effective in improving lipid profile and blood glucose in overweight and obese naval officers. In addition, the results of this study indicated that consuming GC and R-Ex at the same time can have more beneficial effects on improving lipid profile in overweight and obese men. In general, performing resistance exercises along with the use of herbal supplements such as GC has beneficial effects on lipid metabolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Lavandula stricta, Cassia obovata, Cocculus pendulus, and Solanum xanthocarpum are among the species that can be grown in Bushehr province, and so far, there is no report describing the ecophysiological, herbicidal and biochemical characteristics of these species in Iran. In recent decades, many chemical herbicides have been used to control weeds in agricultural ecosystems. Despite the many benefits of these herbicides, their improper use has caused devastating effects on the environment and agricultural production and ultimately has harmed human health. At present, the approach of developed countries is to use non-chemical methods and natural materials (biocides) to control weeds. Bushehr province with an area of about 252,653 Km2 in southern Iran and the Persian Gulf and at an altitude of 0 to195 meters above sea level. The average rainfall in Bushehr province is 250 mm. Bushehr province has a great variety in terms of having medicinal plants that allopathic substances and secondary metabolites of these plants have received less attention. Therefore, the identification of secondary metabolites and plants with allopathic properties is very important for the production of biological herbicides. Materials and Methods This study was conducted to evaluate the eco-physiological, biochemical and herbicidal characteristics of Lavandula stricta, Cassia obovata, Cocculus pendulus and Solanum xanthocarpum. The plants were collected in April and May 2019. The location was situated in Kangan and Dashti, Bushehr Province, Iran. The ecological characteristics of the four areas such as latitude and longitude (UTM) and altitude were also recorded. Also, in order to determine the physicochemical properties of the soil in the collection areas of the studied plants, samples were taken from 15 different points of plant growth, from a depth of 0-30 cm and their properties were reported. In order to investigate the phytotoxic activity of the studied plants on germination and growth characteristics of Malva sylvestris and Chenopodium album in laboratory conditions, the seeds were first disinfected in 5% sodium hypochlorite for 5 minutes. Then the seeds were washed for 15 minutes and then dried at room temperature. In this study, Solanum xanthocarpum juice and alcoholic extracts of Lavandula stricta, Cassia obovata and Cocculus pendulus were used to investigate the phytotoxic properties and biochemical traits. From the extracts, concentrations of 0 (distilled water), 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 µl.L-1 were prepared and added to Petri dishes containing 25 seeds. In order to germinate the seeds, Petri dishes containing the extracts related to the extract were placed in suitable light conditions at a temperature of 25°C. Two weeks after treatment, germination percentage (%), germination rate index (number of day), radicle and plumule length (cm) and allopathic index were measured. Determination of free radical scavenging was performed by using the DPPH test. The samples’ absorptions were read at a wavelength of 517 nm with Epoch Microplate Spectrophotometer, BioTek Instruments, Inc., USA. Measuring the total phenols was performed according to Folin’s reagent method and the use of gallic acid as standard by using a spectrophotometer at the wavelength of 765 nm. Total flavonoid content was measured using a spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 510 nm through a standard curve of quercetin from Sigma-Aldrich. Flavones and flavonols were measured using 2% aluminum chloride and methanol at 425 nm. To isolate and measure the amount of polyphenols, an HPLC Agilent HPLC 1200 series model was used. Data were analyzed by using Duncan’s multiple range test (P< 0.05) by SAS, version 9.4 for Windows. Results and Discussion Among the studied plants, the highest and lowest amount of total phenol was found in Cocculus pendulus and Cassia obovata, respectively. The results showed, the highest amount of the total flavonoid in the extract, was achieved in Lavandula stricta plants collected in Kangan. The lowest (0.37 mg QUE. 100 g-1 DW) and highest (2.79 mg QUE. 100 g-1 DW) amount of flavon and flavonol was found in Cassia obovata and Cocculus pendulus, respectively. Also, antioxidant activity (I%) for Cocculus pendulus, Lavandula stricta and Solanum xanthocarpum were 77, 57 and 35%, respectively. Although, the lowest amount of antioxidant activity was found in Cassia obovata plants collected in Dashti. The results showed, the Lavandula stricta plants collected in Kangan had p-coumaric acid (PC) and ellagic acid (EA) by 0.565 and 1.28 mg g-1 DW. Among the phenolic acids evaluated, only catechin (0.262 mg g-1 DW) and p-coumaric acid (0.163 mg g-1 DW) were observed in the Cocculus pendulus plants collected in Kangan. The Cassia obovata plants collected in Dashti, had ellagic acid by 0.915 mg g-1 DW. The results of this study showed that the phenolic compounds identified in Solanum xanthocarpum juice were caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, pi-coumaric acid, vanillin and hesperidin. Chlorogenic acid was the predominant phenolic compound by 457 mg g-1 DW. Laboratory results showed Cocculus pendulus and Solanum xanthocarpum extracts had the most inhibition effect on the germination and growth of Malva sylvestris at the concentration of 1000 µl L-1. Conclusion In this study, as the concentration of the extracts increased, the germination percentage, germination rate index (GRI), radicle and plumule lengths of Chenopodium album decreased significantly. Moreover, Solanum xanthocarpum juice showed the highest inhibition effect on Chenopodium album growth and germination at 1000 µl L-1. Due to the high potential allelopathy of the Cocculus pendulus and Solanum xanthocarpum, they can be used for Malva sylvestris and Chenopodium album control. Also, Cocculus pendulus extract can be used as a natural antioxidant source in related industries.

Introduction: The increasing prevalence of obesity has affected millions of people across the globe, leading to various diseases, such as prediabetes, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and muscle disorders. One of the therapeutic interventions in the prevention of diabetes is the use of herbal supplements, such as green coffee and its phenolic compounds, including chlorogenic acid, due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and insulin-sensitive properties. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of green coffee and chlorogenic acid on glycogen content in the muscles of prediabetic mice. Material & Methods: A total of 20 male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to two groups: normal diet mice (5 mice) and high-fat diet mice (15 mice), which were fed for 12 weeks. After the induction of prediabetes by Fasting blood sugar (FBS) and Glucose tolerance test (GTT) tests, this group was divided into three subgroups: prediabetes mice (5 cases), prediabetes mice with diabetes with green coffee consumption (Prediabetes - Green Coffee, 5 cases) and prediabetes with chlorogenic acid consumption (Prediabetes - Chlorogenic Acid, 5 cases) which were treated for 10 weeks. In the end, the mice were sacrificed, and the relative level of expression of genes involved in the glycogen content of the Gastrocnemius muscle, including PI3K, AKT, GSK3, GYS1, as well as the LRRC8A gene, was measured through the Real-Time PCR technique. The data were analyzed using the one-way analysis of variance test by GraphPad Prism software (version 8). Findings: The results pointed to a significant increase in the blood glucose level in the HFD group (129.9±5.4 mg/dL) compared to ND (95±3.3 mg/dL) and a significant decrease in the PD-GC group (103.5±8.16 mg/dL) and PD-CA (99±8 mg/dL) compared to the PD group (129.5±9.4 mg/dL) (P<0.001). The periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining technique demonstrated a significant decrease in the level of glycogen content in the rats of the PD group compared to the ND group. While in the treatment groups, a significant increase was observed in muscle glycogen accumulation compared to the PD group (P<0.001). The expression level of PI3K, AKT, LRRC8A, and GYS1 genes decreased, and GSK3 significantly increased in the PD group compared to the ND group (P<0.001), indicating a disturbance in the signaling pathway of glycogen content in the PD group. Nonetheless, in the treated groups, a significant increase was observed in the expression level of PI3K, AKT, LRRC8A, and GYS1 genes compared to the PD group (P<0.001). Discussion & Conclusion: Considering the complications caused by prediabetes disease, in addition to early diagnosis of prediabetes, it seems to control weight and increase insulin sensitivity, the consumption of green coffee and chlorogenic acid can improve the prediabetic condition caused by the signaling pathway of glycogen synthesis in the muscle tissue of prediabetic rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study was performed to evaluate the effect of chlorogenic acid (CGA) on spermatogenesis in ionizing irradiated (IR) mice.Methods: In this experimental study, 45 mice were divided into 3 equal groups including group 1 (normal saline), group 2 (IR + normal saline), and group 3 (IR + 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg CGA). After 35 days, the histomorphometry of testicular tissue, cells count in different developmental stages, viability of sperms and finally, fertilization capacity was evaluated. Data were analyzed by ANOVA one-way analysis of variance and post hoc Turkey’s tests.Findings: The results showed that testicular weight, germinal layer thickness and diameter of seminiferous tubules in the IR group were significantly different from the sham and IR + CGA (40 mg/kg) groups. In addition, in the IR group, the number of spermatogonia cells, primary spermatocytes, spermatid and Leydig cells were significantly decreased compared to the sham group. These changes were significantly ameliorated in the IR + CGA (40 mg/kg) group and histological studies did not show any tissue damage. At the same time, the number of germ cells, the thickness of the epithelium of the seminiferous tubules and the diameter of the seminiferous tubules didn’t showe significantly difference with the sham group.Conclusion: The present study shows that CGA (40 mg/kg) can be beneficial against the harmful effects of X-ray exposure by improving histopathological changes in the testis.

Background and Objectives The present study aimed to determine the effect of curcumin and chlorogenic acid (CGA) on the survival rate of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Subjects and Methods Twenty-four male mice were randomly divided into four groups of six: Control, Curcumin, CGA, and Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Around 10 μmol/L Curcumin was added to the culture medium, and the cells were exposed to curcumin dissolved in DMSO for 48 h. In addition, in the CGA group, this substance was added to the culture medium with a dose of 10 mmol (for 24 h). After isolation, culture, and passage of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), the cells were trypsinized, and then centrifuged. For cell counting, after mixing 10 μl of culture medium with cells and 10 μl of toluidine blue, the number of live and dead cells was counted. Results Exposure of stem cells to curcumin for 48 h at a dose of 10 μmol resulted in a significant increase in cell viability compared to the control group. Furthermore, the presence of mesenchymal stem cells with 10 mmol of CGA for 24 h significantly increased cell survival. Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference between the groups of curcumin and CGA in cell survival, and the effect of curcumin was more significant than CGA. Conclusion Comparison of the protective effect of curcumin on mesenchymal stem cells based on statistical analysis showed that the effect of curcumin is much greater than CGA, and a significant difference between these two treatment groups indicates that curcumin is more effective in protecting against death and increasing the live/dead cell ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, the effect of drying methods on the bioactive compounds of the two salvia spieces,Salviaofficinalis andsalvia nemorosa,was investigated. The experiment was performed as a factorial experiment with two factors in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The first factor was two species of salvia and the second factor was drying method in 4 levels of shade drying for 144 hours, drying under the sun irradiation for 78 hours and drying in oven at 40 and 70°C for 37 and 6 hours, respectively. With concidering two levels for the first factor and four levels for the second factor, 8 treatments were studied in the experiment. The results showed that the highest extract yield (11%) was obtained from samples which dried in the oven with 70°C and in both species with a higher rate inS.nemorosa. The percentage of weight loss was not affected by drying methods but it affected by species andS.officinalis had the highest weight loss compared to another specie. High value of total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids, total tannin and antioxidant properties of two speiceswere found in samples dried in shade, and the lowest value of these traits were recorded in plants which dried in the oven at 70°C. High contents of phenolic acids including chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid and salvainolic acidwere recorded in both species which dried at shade condition and the lowest amount were found in samples dried in oven at 70°C. Also, salvainolicacid and rosmarinic acid was recorded at high level of phenolic acids in samples dried at shad condition.By comparing breeded (S. officinalis) and native species (S. nemorosa), it was found that the native species can have outstanding features for domestication, improvement and further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & objectives: Due to the prevalence of obesity and the subsequent development of metabolic risk factors, cardiovascular and fatty liver complications, exercise programs and the use of natural supplements can play a significant role in controlling and preventing these diseases. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to review the effect of eight weeks of combined exercise and Chlorogenic acid intake on C-reactive protein and liver enzymes in obese women. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, which was performed as a pre-test, post-test with a control group, a total of 48 obese women were selected purposefully and divided randomly into four equal groups (n=12); exercise, supplement, exercise+supplementation and control group. The exercises program consisted of 8 weeks of aerobic and resistance training, 3 sessions with 60 minutes per week. The chlorogenic acid supplement group received daily Green coffee in capsule form contain 400 mg powder for 8 weeks and the concurrent group performed exercise and received Green coffee simultaneously. By using blood sampling the variables were measured at baseline and after 8 weeks of intervention. Data were analyzed by t-test and ANOVA at significance level of p

Introdution: Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease. Considering the antioxidant and neuroprotective properties of chlorogenic acid, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of this substance in an experimental model of Parkinson's disease. Methods: In this experimental study, Wisar male rats (n = 32) were divided into 4 groups: sham, chlorogenic acid-treated sham, lesion and chlorogenic-acid-treated lesion. The experimental model of Parkinson's disease was made by injecting 12.5 microgram of 6-hydroxydopamine dissolved in a saline-ascorbate solution into the left side of neostriatum. The chlorogenic acid-treated sham and the chlorogenic-acid-treated lesion groups received 10 mg/kg of the drug intraperitoneally daily during a week before stereotaxic surgery and the last injection was given one hour before stereotaxic surgery. In the second week after surgery, the rotational behavior induced by apomorphine injection within one hour and the number of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra compacta was examined and counted. For statistical analysis, one-way ANOVA and Tukey post-host tests were used in Sigmaplot 12. Results: Chlorogenic acid-pretreated lesion group showed significantly lower rotations versus lesion group (p

Echinaceae prupurea, belongs to the Asteraceae family and is a perennial herb with different medicinal properties. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of salt stress on growth and some important biochemical parameters of this plant. For this purpose, Echinaceae prupurea plantlets were grown in Hoagland medium supplemented with different concentrations of NaCl (including 10, 50, 100, 300, and 500 mM) for 20 days. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with five replications. The obtained result showed that the effects of different concentrations of NaCl were not significant on shoot dry weights. But root fresh and dry weights exhibited a significant increasing trend by 25 mM NaCl treatment. Meanwhile, the current data showed that increasing salt concentration in the medium caused an increase and decrease in soluble sugar level in shoots and roots, respectively. While salt stress did not show any significant effect on catalase enzyme activity, peroxidase enzyme activity was significantly increased by 75 mM NaCl treatment, in both shoots and roots. On the other hands, salinity treatment significantly decreased and increased total phenol levels in shoots and roots, respectively. The data from HPLC analysis demonstrated that the highest level of cichoric acid (1.3 mg/g dry weight) was observed in roots of control samples. While NaCl at the level of 25 and 50 mM concentrations did not show any significant effect on cichoric acid amount, it was significantly decreased by 75 mMN aCl treatment. Moreover, 50 mM NaCl treatment enhanced 2 and 5 fold caffeic acid (precursor of cichoric acid) and chlorogenic acid level in root organ, respectively. It seems salt stress can increase the important medicinal secondary metabolites of Echinaceae purpurea.

Introductions: Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is a polyphenol compound with various pharmacological properties, such as anticancer. This study evaluates chlorogenic acid's effects on the expression of p53, Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3 genes on 4T1 breast cancer tumors in BALB/c mice. Methods and Materials: 40 BALB/c female mice were randomly divided into five equal groups, including saline, breast cancer (BC), CGA, protective (PR), and treatment (TM) groups. To induce breast cancer in rats, 4T1 cells were injected subcutaneously (SC) into the mammary fat pad of female BALB/c rats. The RT-PCR method examined the expression levels of p53, Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3 genes. Results: The study's findings indicate that there was a significant increase in p53 mRNA expression in the PR and TM groups compared to the BC group (P<0.001, P<0.05, P<0.05 respectively). Additionally, the PR and TM groups showed a significant increase in Bax mRNA expression compared to the BC group (P<0.05). The mRNA expression of Bcl-2 was significantly decreased in the PR, TM, and CGA groups compared to the BC group (P<0.001). The ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 mRNA expression was also significantly increased in the PR, TM, and CGA groups compared to the BC group (P<0.001, P<0.01, and P<0.001). In the PR group, caspase-3 mRNA expression was significantly increased compared to the BC group (P<0.01). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that chlorogenic acid induces apoptosis through the expression of p53, Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3 genes in 4T1 breast cancer tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chlorogenic acid, a major polyphenol in green coffee, and physical activity are considered as two possible effective factors on anxiety and depression. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a six-week combined aerobic-resistance training along with green coffee consumption on anxiety and depression in overweight and obese women. Materials and Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 30 volunteer overweight and obese women were randomly divided into three groups of combined aerobic-resistance training, green coffee and combined training with green coffee. Training was performed four sessions per week for six weeks. The amount of green coffee consumption was 250 mg per day for six weeks. The anxiety and depression levels of the participants were assessed using the Beck questionnaire. Results: Results showed a significant improvement in anxiety and depression levels in the three study groups (P

The Crataegus genus is widely distributed in Iran. This genus belongs to Rosaceae family and has 17 species in Iran one of which is Crataegus pontica C. Koch. In this paper, we analyzed some microscopic and macroscopic characteristics of this plant, then compared them with other features that were presented previously in previous reports. We analyzed all components in C. pontica, using thin layer chromatography method and then specified the type of flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acid in C. pontica. Hyproside, rutin and chlorogenic acid were the main flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic occurred acid in this plant. Also, we analyzed its flavonoids quantitatively based on Deutsch Pharmacopoeia method according to hyproside content. Because, to determine the chemosystematic relevancies in some species flavonoids are used, so in this paper we compared C. pontica with 3 other species of its genus such as C. monogyna, C. melanocarpa and C. curvisepala that are found in Iran, and also with the medicinal standard species of Crataegus genus which is called C. oxyacantha. Finally we concluded that hyproside, rutin and chlorogenic acid were the main and common structural components in all species of that genus which were mentioned above.