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Background and Aim: International student satisfaction is a vital element in international universities and one of the promotion methods in the global ranking, and is considered as a competitive factor. Materials and Methods: The research method is mixed (quantitative-qualitative) of exploratory-confirmatory type. The statistical population includes experts, international department managers and foreign students(1352 people) in three universities of medical sciences in Tehran, Shahid Beheshti and Iran. The sampling method is qualitative, purposeful and the sample size is 21 professors. In a small part of the multi-stage cluster method, 450 international students were selected. The research tool was a semi-structured interview in the qualitative part of the interview and a researcher-made questionnaire in the quantitative part. Results: According to the research results, the most influential factor in the foreign studentschr('39') satisfaction model includes virtual services(0.84), loyalty(0.81), university reputation and rank (0.78), admission process(0.75), Research services(0.72), Staff and management services(0.71), International services(0.70), Educational services(0.68), Health services(0.67), Welfare services(0.65), Financial facilities(0.64), university infrastructure(0.63) and cultural services(0.61). Conclusion: In order to attract financial resources, international competition, improve regional and global ranking, universities should consider and plan the priorities of the proposed satisfaction model to improve the level of satisfaction of foreign students.

The purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting the competencies of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) of faculty members of Islamic Azad University of Tehran in order to improve the status quo. The present study was applied in terms of data quality and in terms of research method of content analysis. Participants in this study were selected based on theoretical principle of saturation, including 16 faculty members, such as professors, managers and ICT specialists who were selected through purposeful and theoretical sampling. The data collection tool is a semi-structure interview. Data were analyzed using MAXQDA software in three stagesof open, axial and selective coding. Data validation was done using the verifiability method by the contributors. Based on research findings, effective factors on the development of ICT competencies of faculty members were identified and categorized in four categories including four environmental and technical factors, cultural factor, legal factor, technological factor, and nine dimensions and 37 indicators

Methods: This study is Randomized control trials that all of the spinal cord injury, who referred to khatam-al Anbia Hospital in Tehran Iran in first 6 month of 1393, was our statistical research community. 40 patient were selected Based on inclusion criteria and purposive sampling method. They were randomly divided into two groups of experimental and control by using a table of random numbers. Experimental groups were performed intervention include exercise program for paraplegia spinal cord injury during twelve 45-60minutes sessions, twice a week. SPSS statistical software SPSS19 data using chi-square, independent t-test and paired T was performed. Results: Results showed that no different between two group of intervention and control about demographic characteristics. The mean visceral pain intensity Score was 5/12±0/87 in intervention group, and 4/76±0/65 in the control group before intervention, which respectively reached to 2/89±0/95 and 4/47±0/62 after implementation of the intervention and this difference was Significant in intervention group (p≤0/001). Conclusions: Results showed that regular exercise program can reduce visceral pain intensity after spinal cord injuries.

Background: The pain caused by surgery is one of the major problems of the patients. Therefore, pain reduction through using noninvasive and simple methods is one of the nursing priorities. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of reflexology massage on pain intensity in the patients following the abdominal surgery. Methods: This clinical trial was conducted on 90 patients undergoing abdominal surgery, referring to the Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran, Iran, in 2016. The participants were selected using the purposive sampling technique, and then randomly divided into three groups of 30 cases. The a 30-minute session of reflexology and simple massage were applied by the researcher for the first and second groups, respectively, after transferring the patients to the ward and regaining full consciousness. The pain was measured immediately, 10 min, and 24 h after the massage (30 min after the pre-test) using the visual analogue scale. The data analysis was performed in the SPSS version 19, using the one-way and repeated measures ANOVA as well as Chi-square test. Results: According to the results of this study, 24 h after the intervention, the foot reflexology group had lower mean score of pain intensity (1.9±1.6), compared to the simple massage (3.3±1.64) and control groups (3.8±02) (P

Background and Objectives: Academic burnout leads to poor performance in students. On the other hand, motivation has direct relationship with academic performance of students. In this study, the relationship between motivation and academic burnout among nursing and paramedical students was investigated. Methods: This study was conducted as a cross-sectional study on nursing and paramedical students of Qom city in the second semester of 2014-2015. A total of 264 students were randomly selected from nursing and paramedical students. Data collection tools were demographic information form, academic burnout questionnaire, and academic motivation scale. Data were analyzed using regression and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The significance level was considered p

Background: Physical characteristics of the workplace are among factors affecting job satisfaction in nurses, who work in crowded and hectic environments. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effect of 5S workplace organization technique on nurses’ job satisfaction. Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 70 nurses, selected from medical and surgical units of two therapeutic-educational centers in Gorgan, Iran, were studied in 2015. The subjects were selected through census sampling and were assigned into intervention and control groups (n=35 per group). The intervention group was exposed to an organized work environment for six weeks. A visual workplace audit checklist was used in order to assess the need for workplace organization in the units before and one month after the intervention. Also, nurses’ job satisfaction was measured using the questionnaire designed by Kohli and Jaworski before and after the intervention in both groups. For statistical analysis, Fisher's exact test, Chi-square, independent t-test, and paired t-test were performed, using SPSS version 20. Results: The nurses' mean score of job satisfaction changed after the intervention from 14.94±2.66 to 18.48±2.03 in the intervention group (P

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between organizational citizenship behavior, organizational commitment and its dimensions on the Welfare staff in Tehran 2013. Materials & Methods: In this cross - sectional study, one hundred eight staff of Tehran Welfare were selected by random sample, and the sample size of the previous studies. Data were collected using two standard questionnaires OCB, and Organizational Commitment, which includes the three dimensions, affective commitment, normative commitment and continuance commitment and analyzed by statistical methods such as: Pearson correlation coefficient and ANOVA. Results: The finding showed Between OCB and organizational commitment there was significant and positive correlation (P&le0.01, r=0.325). Also the dimensions of organizational commitment: affective commitment and normative commitment have a significant positive relationship with OCB, but not significant relationship OCB with a continuous commitment. ANOVA results showed that the average OCB in age, type of employment and employee experience is different. And Continuous commitment in hiring employees is different and emotional commitment in Background employees is different. Conclusion: Based on the findings we conclude that the enhancement of organizational citizenship behavior, organizational commitment and staff of Tehran can be increased.

Whereas one group of researchers think of Islam as inherently political in their investigating the proportion of Islam to politics, the other group thinks of the political reading of Islam as a new phenomenon that has resulted from the contact between Islamic world and the West and modernity. Either has presented many proofs and documents, and so far none of them has succeeded in convincing the other. However, based on the fuzzy logic, which shows that any proposition can be either true or false, it can be said that while facing politics and power, Islam has invariably taken a position given its own position, and in fact the position has been with particular political proportion. On the other hand, although the political Islam has been conceptually unprecedented, it is not disproportionate to Islam. More importantly, by using a fuzzy set, it can be seen that scholars and religious authorities have always been political to some extent during the Occultation, and the avoidance of politics under the title of dissimulation, stopping the enforcement of religious punishments during the Occultation according to some religious scholars’ jurisprudential opinion, or the establishment of the Islamic Government with jurists’ guardianship and their governance over all pillars of power, all constitute the zero and one of our fuzzy set, which have the least membership in the fuzzy set, and most scholars, authorities and Shiite thoughts fall within zero and one.

The present paper answers the following questions: What readings do the political discourses of Principlism and Reformism present about freedom, how do they differ and why does the scope of freedom in either one of the two perspectives seem different? What is the position of freedom in Imam Khomeini’s political discourse? In the post‐revolutionary Iran, it was the jurisprudential political discourse that could gain the upper hand in presenting its own interpretation of freedom and was accepted by the majority of people, and after its division into the two political discourses of principlism and reformism, it demonstrated two different readings of the issue of freedom. The first hypothesis and answer by the present paper is that the division depends on the perspective that each of the camps may have on the concept of republic. The perspective, which gives more color to Islamism and Divine legitimacy in the phrase Islamic Republic, naturally pays more attention to the authority of an appointed ruling jurist; in some way, that perspective considers religion as the cornerstone and freedom as resulting from it, and interprets freedom within the framework of Islamic canon law. Contrarily, the other perspective, which seeks to highlight the republic in the phrase, naturally focuses more on the meaning and concept of freedom and deems freedom fundamental and even it explicates the popularity of the canon law on the basis of freedom.

Objectives: In old age depression is common problem. Its rate at elderly residing at nursing homes is 30-50%. Several types of medications are used to treat depression. However because elderly use many drugs due to their numerous problems, non pharmacological methods such as pet therapy can be considered. So the present study intended to assess the effectiveness of pet therapy on elderly depression. Methods & Materials: A quasi-experimental study was conducted with 60 elderly living at nursing homes. The elderly were randomly placed at two groups: intervention group (N:29) and control group (N:31). In both groups Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and a questionnaire for demographic characteristics were used to collect data. Then research intervention including animal care program over a six-week period was performed. And the control group did not receive this intervention. Both groups were assessed by The Geriatric Depression Scale after the intervention period. Pretest score and posttest score were compared. To analyze the collected data Chi-square and independent t-test were used and the dependant t-test was applied to analyze the variables. Results: Findings of this study showed that depression of elderly of intervention group decreased from 8/55 before intervention to 4.79 after intervention (P

Objective: The objective of this research was to investigate the organizational learning capability and it’s barriers and facilitators from Rehabilitation centers employees point of view in Tehran in 1391. Materials & Methods: This study was descriptive – analytical and was conducted sectional. Statistical population include Rehabilitation centers staff in Tehran in 2012 that samples were randomly selected from centers and sample size was 278 (including 64 mels,148 females). For data gathering , barriers and facilitators of organizational learning and organizational learning capability questionnaires were used. Data were analyzed by using SPSS software Results: Results indicated high significant organizational learning capability among rehabilitation center staffs. (SD=41/5, M=2/156). Organizational learning capability was significantly negative relation with Organizational learning barriers. (P&le0/01, gama=-0/6). But relation between Organizational learning capability and Organizational learning facilitators was not statistically significant (P>0/05, gama=-0/16). Conclusion: The results showed organizational learning capability in rehabilitation centers staff in Tehran was high value .the most important barrier of learning organization was day to day pressure of work and the most important facilitator of this was an appreciation of strengths and weaknesses in learning between rehabilitation centers staff. So due to promoting organizational productivity it is necessary to paying attention to it’s barriers and making plans for removing or reducing them and increasing organizational learning facilitators in rehabilitation centers is offered.

Objective: The aim of study was to design a valid and reliable tool for assessing the occupational therapists’ clinical competency. Materials & Methods: It was a tool-making study. Many clinical competency statements were extracted from evidences and with two expert-panels helped to emerge a questionnaire with sixty-six statements in seven categories. Face and content validity were confirmed by Lawshe method. Reliability was confirmed by pilot study, test-retest and internal consistency. Results: Occupational therapists’ clinical competency assessment tool was made with 54 questions in seven categories (critical thinking, practice process, effective communication, professional responsibilities, management of practice environment, practice knowledge, engage in professional development). Face and content validity confirmed by 15 experts CVR=0.84. Reliability (stability) was approved by pilot study, test-retest and Pierson correlation coefficient 0.995 and Cronbach’s alpha 0.973 confirmed internal consistency. Conclusion: Appropriate tool to assess the occupational therapists’ clinical competency was made with 54 statements in seven categories. Its validity was approved by Lawshe method and reliability was approved by pilot study in 30 people.

Objective: the purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of hospital based cardiac rehabilitation on quality of life of patients with myocardial infarction, which have referred to Baghiatallah hospital in Tehran during the year of 2010. Materials & Methods: in this semi-experimental research, 50 patients with myocardial infarction in the form of sequential sampling for experimental group and control group in the form of matched probability group (based on age, sex and education) were divided into two groups. First group includes hospital based cardiac rehabilitation (n=25) and later control group (n=25). The information collected with demographic and MC New quality of life questionnaires .The rehabilitation program consisted of twenty session education program and cardiac rehabilitation program. To investigate the differences between experimental and control group, independent samples t-test and paired t-test were used. The education material included some information on diet, medication, coronary risk factors and explanation of the patient cardiac event and exercise. Results: the research finding indicates the improvement in quality of life for experimental group following the application of hospital based cardiac rehabilitation, this improvement includes all dimensions such as physical (P

Objective: This study intends to determine the factors attributed to the use of research evidences results in practice, by rehabilitation’s practitioners in educational hospitals of Tehran. Materials & Methods: In this study, the research community included all the 485 rehabilitation practitioners working in educational hospitals of Tehran. The samples were consisted of 165 persons which have been selected through cluster random sampling. For data collection, Funk questionnaires were used to determine the barriers and facilitators of evidence based rehabilitation. For data analyzes, descriptive statistics, independent T-test and one-way ANOVA were used. Results: %70.5 of participants was female with mean age of 38 and average twelve years of employment. Most of them (%38) were physiotherapists and undergraduates. According to the findings, current inadequate facilities for implementation of evidences and lack of enough authority to change patient rehabilitation procedures, were known as the two main barriers.At the other side,promoting personal motivations and interests, besides supplying proper necessary facilities, such as computer and easy internet access were the most effective facilitators for evidence-based rehabilitation practice. Conclusion: In this study, insufficient facilities for implementation of evidences and increasing interest and individual motivation for implementation of research were reported as the main barrier and facilitator of evidence based rehabilitation practice, respectively

Introduction:The objective of this study was to survey needs assessment for the required and proposed educational courses in order to promote entrepreneurship and job finding among the students and graduates in universities of South Iran.Material and Methods:The present descriptive–analytic research was conducted using a questionnaire containing 19 subjective questions for needs assessment. The sample size included 300 students and 200 graduates (and employed GPs) of Shiraz, Bushehr, Yasooj and Bandarabbas universities of medical sciences selected randomly. Questionnaires were filled by the participants. Results:The results showed that there was a significant difference between theoretical education and job requirements. Also, there was a significant difference between students and the employed graduates regarding learning a foreign language. The students group was more familiar with the global systems of the medical courses than the graduates; this could be attributed to the change in educational structure as well as technological revolution. Regarding innovation and creativity, the difference was significant between the two groups. Group A does more teamwork than group B; as to the introduction of the job, the difference was significant between the two groupsConclusion:The findings indicated that negligence and lack of needs assessment have kept the students away from practical work and encounter with the related problems. The students generally believe that employment could be gained through nepotism in the first place and based on practical and scientific capabilities in the second place. This problem could be solved through educational courses for teaching computer and language skills, management, etc. Moreover, by establishing an organization for monitoring the employment process, disappointment among the students and academic staff especially physicians could be eliminated.

Objective: In the world, stroke causes long-term complication and is considered an the important cause in these inability in patients. Therefore, nursing care is very important in this patient that must determine reachable and supportive goals. We can decrease the problems in these patients, their families and treatment-care system with implementation good program. Materials & Methods: This investigation is a semi-experimental study which its main goal has been to determine the effect of home care on complication resulting from immobility in musculoskeletal system of patients with stroke stayed at home. Association of investigation all the patients with stroke stayed at home which have been hospitalized at one of the hospitals of Semnan town in winter of 1381 and summer of 1382, among them 32 persons were chosen accidentally (16 person test group and 16 person witness group). Collection of data was instrument includes a questionnaire consisting of two parts. The first part demographic characteristic of patients with stroke and the second part as checklist which mentioned questions is in musculoskeletal system which completed by the researcher. After selection of samples and completion of questionnaire and graphic and checklist at the begining of the work, for patients of test group, nursing cares have been varried out by emphasising and focusing on musculoskeletal system for 12-18 session, each session 45 minutes to one hour (total 40 days) and for witness group no special care has given (But they were free in receiving care and if anyone had used this care, he/she expelled from samples).� Results: Research demographic profile indicated that 23 persons of samples are man (13 persons in test group and 10 persons in witness group) and 8 persons are woman (3 person in test group and 5 person in witness group). Mean of age is 63 in test group and 70 in withness group. Mean of weight is 67/5 kg in test group and 65 kg in witness group. In comparing immobility complication between two groups in muscloskeletal system (0.06) there were meaningful statical difference. Conclusion: Obtained finding in relation to the major goal of the investigation showd that the amount of complication resulting from immobility in test group, according to assumption has been lower than persons who don’t receive these cares, Nursing care was considered to be more effective on complication resulted from immobility of patients with stroke.

Objective: Since presence of cerebral palsied child affects the life quality of family and specially family caregivers, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of education to caregivers about caring of children with cerebral palsy on quality of life of them. Materials & Methods: In this interventional and quasi-experimental study, twenty five family caregivers of spastic cerebral palsy children were selected based on inclusion criteria from welfare centers of Babolsar. Instruction courses performed 6-8 sessions and each session takes 30 minutes. The quality of life was assessed using SF36 (short form health survey with 36 question) at the beginning and 3 months after the instruction courses . Paired T test and Wilcoxon nonparametric test were used for data analysis. Results: The scores of quality of life followed by instruction courses showed that there was meaningful improvement in whole of eight realms , both total realms of physical health and mental health ,as well as total quality of life (P

Objective: One of the most widespread cardiovascular disorders is Heart failure and is expressed as a chronic, progressive and disabling disorder .Many research have shown that quality of life in heart failure patients is low. one of the promoting ways of quality of life is self care education. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of self care education on quality of life among heart failure patients . Materials & Methods: This study is a quasi-experimental research which is done on 126 heart failure patients whom were selected from persons referring to Tehran Rajaei Heart Center and were assigned equivalently in intervention and control group by the way of randomly permuted blocks. Data collection was tooled by demographic specification form, questionnaire of quality of life of heart failure patients and “European heart Failure Self-Care Behaviour Scale”. Intervention group patients lied in 6 groups, each group contents of 10 persons for education and participants were educated in 4-6 sessions. The educational package was given to these patients, finally. Time for each session was 30-45 minutes. For data analyzing, Paired T-test and Independent T-test, Chi-square, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Levens test and analyze of covariance were used. Results: There was no significant difference between two groups in total quality of life (P=0.214) and self care (P=0.795) before intervention, but after intervention these differences were significant (P

Objective: The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of home based cardiac rehabilitation programs (CRP) on quality of life in post Myocardial Infarction (MI) patients. Materials & Methods: We conducted a quasi experimental design study with a non randomized sampling, pretest - posttest control group. After matching, 38 subjects were allocated randomized either a home based CRP (n=18) and a control group (n=20). At the base line knowledge about disease management and quality of life (QOL) were measured .Then experimental group were instructed by multidisciplinary team about home based CRP. The patients received an instructional booklet containing the above mentioned information and also received support and guidance through phone call and home visits, on the other hand, disease management and health behavior were been measured in ever home visiting. At the end of three months follow up, patient's knowledge and QOL were measured again. Results: The research findings indicated the improvement QOL for the Experimental group following the application of home-based CRP, this improvement included all dimensions such as physical, mental, and psychological ones (P = 0.000). No significant improvement was observed in social dimension of QOL following the experimental group (P=0.308). For control group, the reduction of averages in different dimensions of QOLwas noticeable. However, this reduction was noticeable and just meaningful in social dimension (P=0.009). Comparing groups, before the intervention, indicated that there weren’t significant differences in different dimensions of QOL but, after the intervention, there was significant difference just in psychological dimension (P=0.032). Conclusion: Significant positive changes in physical, psychological dimensions and whole of QOL indicated positive effect on homebased CRP on QOL in experimental group. Although there was just significant difference between groups in psychological demands of QOL after the treatment, but research hypothesis, "positive effect of homebased CRP on QOL" wasn’t supported. It may be due to the fact that QOL is a subjective, dynamic and multidimensional concept and defensible outcomes need using larger sample with longer period of time especially based on team approach.