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Background and Objective: Health, Safety, and Environment (HSE) culture is a part of the general culture of the organization, and it is considered a management tool for reducing incidents and controlling unsafe behaviors in the organization. The present study aimed to present a valid and reliable tool in the field of HSE culture based on the Oil and Gas Producers (OGP) guide in process industries. Materials and Methods: The current research is an instrument-making study that was conducted to determine the validity and reliability of the HSE culture questionnaire among the employees of Shahid Hashminejad Gas Refinery. After studying various texts and using the World Association of Oil and Gas Producers (OGP) guide to design related questions, quantitative and qualitative content validity by 10 experts, face validity (comprehensibility), reproducibility, and internal consistency by 30 employees, and construct validity was checked by 410 employees. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis of the final version of the questionnaire confirmed 34 items in six dimensions of the observable program of HSE management, competence and awareness of the situation, communication, training of work procedures and human factors, incident management, and HSE evaluation and audit. The average impact score, validity ratio, and validity index were 3.81, 0.82, and 0.92, respectively (a =0.94 and ICC=0.975), which was within the acceptable range. Conclusion: Based on the obtained findings, Iranian HSE specialists can use this valid and reliable tool to evaluate the HSE culture of employees, especially in process industries, and use the findings as guidelines for effective health, safety, and environmental interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present sttrdy seeks to examine the performance of Iran's macroeconomic indicators during the six economic development plans in order to compare and rank the achievements of the plans. Based on a fundamental revision of the 2010 United Nations Human Development Report (until 2019) and guidelines on producing composite indicators (CIs) of United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (2019), CIs Method (by designing 6 dimensions of development in the form of 24 variables from internal and external sources) has been used The results of the sttrdy show that the first to fourth plans have been on the way to recovery, but the intensification of comprehensive US sanctions and in line with the cutrencj' war against Iran, the occurrence of sanctions against the Central Bank and sanctions on the purchase of oil from Iran in February' 2012 (the first year of the Fifth Plan), has significantly reduced the National Socio-Economic Development Index (NSED) in 2012-13, so that the average of this index for the fifth plan is lower than the average of the first plan. Managing the conditions of sanctions and the regular implementation of the resistance economy strategy during the early' Sixth Plan has strengthened this index, but the Corona Cisis Management can determine the more realistic position of the Sixth Plan. According to the results of Sensitivity Analysis, the fourth and third plans have been distinguished as the most successful development plans as well as the fifth and first plans with the weakest performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

the aim of this study was to investigate some of the physicochemical and antioxidant properties of the active edible film prepared from starch and zedo gum and salvia officinalis essential oil and its effect on oxidative stability of olive oil. For this purpose, Edible films based on potato starch were prepared with two variables zedo gum at different levels (0.5%, 1% and 1.5% w/w) and salvia officinalis essential oil at three levels (0, 250 and 500 ppm). Spectrophotometric results indicate the formation of CH, CH2 and CH3 bonds between starch and zedo gum, as well as aromatic compounds of the essential oil of the salvia officinalis (C-H and C=C) bonds. With increasing concentrations of zedo gum and different concentration of salvia officinalis essential oil, the film thickness increased and increased the opacity and reduced light transmission rate of the films. Samples containing 1.5% zedo gum and 500 ppm essential oil of Salvia officinalis showed the highest thickness and opacity among other samples. As the essential oil concentration increased, the antioxidant properties of the films increased so that the sample containing 1.5% zedo gum and 500 μl of essential oil of the salvia officinalis had the highest antioxidant activity of 68.3%. The results of stability test against oxidizing virgin olive oil based on tests such as acid number, peroxide number and thiobarbituric acid showed a significant difference (P<0.05) between essential oil containing 500 ppm with a synthetic antioxidant (TBHQ). Due to its relatively good antioxidant activity, edible film prepared from starch and zedo gum and salvia officinalis essential oil plays a positive role in reducing the oxidation process of olive oil and can be a good alternative to the use of synthetic antioxidants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emphasizing on designing the four paths of oil and energy impact on the Iranian economy, a New-Keynesian comprehensive DSGE model is simulated. In the present study, shocks in the form of two important paths monetary base and government oil revenues are analyzed. Monetary impulses, in addition to inflation, instantly have a positive impact on nominal and real exchange rates, firms' investment, employment, production, import of consumer and capital goods. The impulse for government oil revenues in the first period will also increase government development and current expenditure, general price level, import of capital and consumer goods, and household consumption. Then the demand side of the economy is expanded crosssectionally and increased non-oil production at the rate of 0.8%. In contrast, with the decline in private sector investment and employment, non-oil production has fallen sharply over two periods, even falling from a stable long-term situation, which means that the Resource Curse in the Iranian economy is realizing. On the other hand, as a result of the shocks in oil revenues, the Crowding-Out Effect on the Iranian economy will be strengthened as government capital spending increases and firms' investments decrease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past decades, the economies of the world have continually experienced economic fluctuations, business cycles, and cycles of boom and recession. Fiscal rules are one of the most important tools of the government with the goal of stabilizing and reducing fluctuations during the business cycle. It is always the minds of many policymakers who are involved in the question of how a policy should be considered during a period of boom or recession. In fact, policy makers are confronted with the question of whether fiscal rules should be used during business cycles. In response to this question, the present study uses a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model and modeling the National Development Fund to scenario in two modes of applying counterycyclical fiscal rule and its non-implementation. The findings of the study showed that, in the case of petty impacts, a counterycyclical fiscal rule based on oil revenues has reduced the intensity of fluctuations of macroeconomic variables compared to the absence of a fiscal rule. Also, in the case of monetary impulse, there is a significant difference in the effectiveness of the implementation of the fiscal rules there is no indication of its non-application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]