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Introduction: Medical ethics education is very vital to maintaining legality and maintain public trust in dentistry. Therefore, this study aimed to measure the knowledge, attitude, and practice of medical ethics of Birjand dental faculty students in 2021. Method: In this descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study, 117 dental students who passed or were passing the medical ethics unit participated. The data was collected using a questionnaire consisting of two sections (demographic information and questions related to the areas of knowledge, attitude and performance). The knowledge and attitude were measured through a questionnaire that was used in previous studies and its validity and reliability were confirmed. Performance was measured using a researcher-made questionnaire, the reliability of which was obtained by Cronbach's alpha method of 0.78. Data analysis was done using Independent Samples T-tests, One-way analysis of variance, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests at the significance level of 0.05. Results: The mean score of students' knowledge, attitude, and practices was 34.11 ± 6.09, 47.07 ± 5.73, and 31.74 ± 6.02, respectively. There was a significant relationship between performance and attitude of students (r = 0.403, P < 0.05). Furthermore, there was a significant difference in the mean score of attitudes according to gender (p = 0.020), female students had a higher mean score of attitudes than males. Conclusion: Based on the study's results, despite good knowledge, students' attitudes and performance are at an average level. Therefore, proper education on dental ethics among students, especially male students, seems necessary.

The relationship between intensity-duration-frequency of rainfall is a significant tool for estimating flood discharge. According to the sparsely available rain gauge stations and the development of technology, it is possible to use satellite rainfall data with different temporal and spatial resolutions. PERSIANN rainfall data with a time resolution of 1 and 6 hours were used in this research. Also, the spatial resolution of these data is 0.04 x 0.04 degrees. Rainfall data from synoptic stations around the Kan basin were also used. Three common continuous probability distributions of Gamble, Pearson type 3, and Log Pearson type 3 with return periods of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 years were investigated to calculate and check the IDF curve. In general, the precipitation intensity obtained from Gumble's method was more than Pearson Type 3's method. Log Pearson type 3 distribution did not provide acceptable results in this research. The two interpolation methods of inverse distance weighting and empirical Bayesian kriging were used to generalize the frequency intensity curves to the entire Kan basin. The results showed little difference between these two methods, except for Pearson type 3 probability distribution.

Objective(s): Health tourism is a branch of the tourism industry that is of interest to many countries of the world due to its high demand and good income. Therefore, considering the importance of health tourism and the existing potential in Mazandaran province, this study was conducted with the aim of identifying and analyzing the factors affecting the development of the health tourism industry in Mazandaran province. Methods: The present study was conducted using a qualitative method with a content analysis approach. For this purpose, 17 health tourism industry experts and health tourists were selected using the purposeful sampling method. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. The interviews were conducted until we reached a point of theoretical data saturation. Results: The findings showed that the health tourism industry in Mazandaran province is affected by structural, process and contextual factors. The structural factors included issues related to infrastructures, potentials/attractions, institutional factors, and expert human resources for health tourism destination. The process factor included issues related to drivers of health tourism, provision of health services and destination situational factors. The contextual-field factor included issues related to sociocultural contexts, potentials and attractiveness of tourism, and economic capacity. Conclusion: Despite the importance of services related to health tourism and considering the increasing demand of this industry, travelers who travel to Mazandaran province need a variety of services, and the need to pay attention to quality service development in tourism destinations is evident. Therefore, the provision of other essentials for health tourists such as infrastructure, destination attractions, financial capacities, sociocultural conditions, human resources, situational factors are the requirements for the development of this industry.

Introduction: Due to its large population, lack of green spaces, inappropriate urban structure, and traffic congestion, Tehran is considered one of the most polluted cities in the world. Air pollution in Tehran is one of the basic health and environmental challenges that can have serious consequences for the health of citizens and their social costs. In the meantime, city buses, as one of the main means of public transportation, play an important role in the movement of passengers, but at the same time, due to fossil fuels and old technologies, they are responsible for a major contribution to the emission of pollutants. This release of pollution in turn leads to negative consequences and high costs for society. Therefore, in the present study, while determining the value of environmental damage caused by the emission of pollutants in the terminals of inner-city buses in Tehran in 2020 based on the information obtained from the transportation and urban traffic organization of Tehran municipality, analyzing the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats of inner-city buses in the emission of environmental pollutants with the use of the SWOT model have been discussed.Materials and Methods: The current research is based on an analytical-descriptive approach using field research and library studies. Based on this, the evaluation of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the system and the presentation of pollution reduction solutions have been carried out in the form of strategic SWOT analysis. For this purpose, the required information has been collected by interviewing and completing 60 questionnaires by experts, experts and drivers of six main systems in Tehran Bus Company. Validity of questionnaires was confirmed by 10 experts and its reliability was approved by Cronbach alpha (α=0.93).Results: According to the results, the social cost of pollution during an annual period caused by the consumption of diesel fuel is estimated at 829.43 billion rials, which is imposed on the environment every day. The mentioned figure is based on the shadow price equivalent of CO2 pollutant and based on the price of 2020. Also, the results showed that the most important weaknesses of public transport pollution in the metropolis of Tehran are the adverse effects of high traffic congestion during peak hours on the performance of public and private transport systems, as well as the high use of private cars, especially single-passenger cars. Carrying out intra-city trips is reserved. In addition, according to the results, the most important threats include the multi-nuclear structure of Tehran metropolis and the large size of the urban area, the geographical location of Tehran and climate changes caused by fine dust. It should be mentioned the final scores obtained from the analysis of the internal factor matrix (IFE) and external matrix (EFE) were calculated as 2.75 and 2.59, respectively.Discussion: Based on this, the situation of the desired solutions to reduce pollution is in an aggressive position, based on which it is necessary to get the maximum benefit from the existing capabilities and potentials and the combination of strengths and upcoming opportunities. According to the results of the construction and rapid development of metro lines, the multiplicity of highway networks in the city, and the priority of urban management to build and expand BRT lines in different areas of the city, the most important strengths and also the potential of producing parts related to the bus fleet for its development inside the country The high impact of the media in changing the citizens' traffic perspective and the possibility of more technical monitoring for more efficient use of fuel and reducing its consumption are the most important opportunities in reducing pollution by the public fleet.

Background and purpose: Chronic kidney disease or CKD is defined as functional failure or structural abnormality of the kidney. Diabetes and high blood pressure are the primary causes of this illness. Because the underlying causes of chronic kidney disease are more common now, the disease's financial burden on health systems around the globe has gone up. This disease can cause a wide range of complications, including changes in electrolytes and other known indicators in the blood. One of the less investigated indicators is the serum level of phosphorus in these patients. Therefore, we designed and implemented a study to investigate the relationship between serum phosphorus levels and kidney dysfunction in chronic kidney patients. Materials and methods: This study was a descriptive and retrospective study that was conducted on 110 patients with chronic kidney disease admitted to Imam Khomeini Teaching Hospital in Sari. The census sampling method and data collection tool was a checklist. Phosphorus values ​​obtained by blood tests and recorded in patients' files were studied. The comparison between the grouped variables was done with the chi-score test and Fisher's exact test. Quantitative variables were compared between 2 groups with a t-test and in more than 2 groups with an analysis of variance or their non-parametric equivalent. Also, the correlation between serum phosphorus level and GFR was done with Pearson or Spearman correlation coefficient. Partial Correlation was used to adjust the effect of confounding variables. Also, the normality of quantitative variables was evaluated with Shapiro-Wilks and based on skewness and kurtosis indices. Data analysis was done with SPSS software version 25 Results: Of the 110 individuals that were examined, 51 (46.4%) were female and 59 (53.6%) were male. Of the 110 individuals, 95.5%, or 105 patients, had underlying medical conditions. During their time in the hospital, 21 patients (19.1%) were admitted to the intensive care unit. 19 individuals were in the G3 stage, 41 in the G4 stage, and 50 were in the G5 stage of CKD. Also, 69 patients were diagnosed with diabetes. Of these, 13 patients were in the G3 stage, 28 patients were in the G4 stage, and 28 patients were in the G5 stage of chronic kidney disease. The average level of blood urea and creatinine was reported to be 125.0255 mmol/L and 4.2975 mg/dL, respectively. Also, the calcium serum level was 8.9109 mg/dL and the phosphorus serum level was 4.6873 mg/dL. Also, the average eGFR among 110 evaluated patients was 19.2345 mL/min/1.73m^2. Serum phosphorus levels and eGFR in men are correlated, and this link is significant (P=0.000). However, the P-value of 0.087 indicates that there is no significant association between eGFR and blood phosphorus levels in women. This connection was significant in hypertensive individuals (P=0.003). Furthermore, in contrast to systolic blood pressure, there is a substantial correlation between patients' diastolic blood pressure and eGFR. Conclusion: Phosphorus serum level plays a role in determining the severity and prognosis of chronic kidney disease. Also, there is a direct relationship between diastolic blood pressure and the severity of this disease.

Introduction: Improving health and the environment is one of the components of development, social welfare, and economic growth. Another influential factor in increasing health costs and reducing social welfare is work-related accidents and diseases, which impose high costs on individuals, industries, and the national economies of countries. Therefore, using multi-criteria decision-making methods, the present study provided a conceptual model to identify and rank work-related diseases’ environmental and health costs. Material and Methods: The present study was conducted in 2023. A classification model for the economic evaluation of environmental and health costs of occupational diseases was developed to achieve the study’s aim. In the current research, the Delphi method was used to identify health and environmental criteria, and the Analytic Network Process (ANP) was used to weight the sub-criteria. Finally, the cost of health and the environment was estimated based on the available information. Naft Tehran Hospital (NSHT) was also selected as a case study site. Results: The results showed that the drug and medical equipment cost factor, with a weight of 0.312 in the treatment sector, and the particular and infectious waste cost factor, with a weight of 0.085, were the most critical factors in the economic evaluation. Also, the parametric model results showed that 99.84% of the total costs are related to health costs, and 0.16% are related to environmental costs. In general, the results of this research showed that 61.3% of the costs of the health sector are related to the two sectors of medicine and medical equipment and the cost of service personnel, and 91.7% of the costs of the environmental sector are related to wastewater treatment and the cost of electricity consumption. Conclusion: This study presented a semi-quantitative model to estimate health and environmental costs caused by occupational diseases. The results can create a novel scientific insight into implementing control measures using the optimal point of cost-benefit parameters. Implementing this integrated model can be a practical and effective step in allocating resources and prioritizing interventions.

Abstract The purpose of this research is to explain and validate the coordination model of the marketing and sales department in the insurance industry in Iran. The present research is applicable in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the research includes experienced managers in insurance marketing and sales, senior experts of insurance companies and university professors; and the statistical sample was considered to be 181 people using Cochran's formula. Sampling in this research is in the form of random clusters. The collection tool in this research includes a researcher-made questionnaire derived from the qualitative method. Data analysis was done by SPSS software. The findings showed that the coordination model of the marketing and sales department in the insurance industry is affected by various factors directly and indirectly, and managers' understanding of the complexity of the relationship between these two units is of great importance in the growth of insurance companies and creating a competitive advantage for them. In order to ensure the achievement of the goals, managers must pay attention to the causal conditions such as the implementation of the risk management dashboard, structural integration and coordination in the business, creating synergy in organizational decisions, recognizing the prerequisites for coordination between the two departments of marketing and sales in the form of background conditions or coordination challenges such as "partial prejudices, non-specialist human capital, conflict of interests, managers' taste, CEO's attitude, ethical considerations, unfavorable customer support when receiving damages and fulfilling the organization's obligations, as well as interfering conditions such as upstream documents, market conditions (market stakeholders), legal conditions, and competitive conditions. Extended Abstract Introduction The marketing and sales departments are of great importance as the two executive arms and factors of success in the insurance industry. The insurance industry, as one of the major economic institutions and because of the supporting role it plays for other industries, is considered as one of the symbols of the development of countries and for other economic institutions and households; an important economic institution and a strong support institution (Asadi & Hedayati Biland, 2019; Asadollahi & Haji Ali Akbari, 2020). Due to the nature of its activity, this industry is one of the important channels of savings and, as a result, one of the important and central financial institutions, which, along with other financial institutions, helps in the preparation and allocation of capital and the financing of economic units (Zubiri et al, 2016). In order to be able to take on this crucial role in the society, the said industry should, like other economic enterprises, seek to survive, gain profit or even develop by attracting and keeping customers and creating powerful sales networks (Huang et al, 2016). One of the influential factors in the success of the insurance industry is the sales network, which is of twofold importance, considering the characteristics of the marketing field. The insurance sales and marketing network consists of all executives, staff, infrastructures, software and hardware; and should be in the form of a targeted planning process as a success factor, marketing lever, and executive arm of the insurance industry; and should be managed based on marketing skills and Sales (Shafei, 2020). By reviewing past studies, it was found that despite the importance of identifying the coordination framework between the sales and marketing departments, no study has been conducted on the coordination framework and model between marketing and the sales network in this insurance industry, so this study was conducted for this purpose, and it answers the question: what are the important direct, indirect and intervening variables in the coordination of marketing and sales in the insurance industry? Theoretical Framework Marketing and sales Integration solutions between sales and marketing departments have been classified into four categories of structural, system/process, cultural, and human solutions in the form of a theoretical framework (Peterson & Dover, 2021). Marketing strategies are the advantage of customer information sources and business performance, and it has been shown that there is a strong relationship between customer information sources, marketing strategies used by the company, and business performance (Varadarajan, 2020). It has also been shown that by increasing the company's market share as a result of good marketing and coordination with the sales department, the cost of advertising is reduced and the value of the company's shares is also improved (Redjeki et al, 2021). Arabshahi & Abbaszadehgaretekan (2023) studied the effect of electronic customer relationship management on marketing performance by analyzing the mediating role of product innovation and emphasizing customer knowledge. In this descriptive survey study, 165 managers and supervisors of the central headquarters, branches and representative offices of Dana Insurance in Mashhad were selected by a simple random method. The findings indicated that the electronic customer relationship management variable had a positive and significant effect on product innovation development, and the product innovation development variable had a positive and significant effect on marketing performance. On the other hand, customer knowledge has a positive and significant effect on marketing performance and product innovation development, and electronic customer relationship management and customer knowledge through product innovation development has a positive and significant effect on marketing performance. Nazarpuri et al, (2022) investigate the impact of marketing dashboard on organizational competitiveness, and believe that for more and more accurate marketing dashboards, the use of organizational mechanisms and infrastructures such as marketing memory and competitive intelligence is effective in its design and implementation. Also, the components of marketing dashboard, marketing memory and competitive intelligence have a positive and significant effect on organizational competitiveness. Research methodology The present research is applicable in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the research includes experienced managers in insurance marketing and sales, senior experts of insurance companies and university professors; and the statistical sample was considered to be 181 people using Cochran's formula. Sampling in this research is in the form of random clusters. The collection tool in this research includes a researcher-made questionnaire derived from the qualitative method. Research findings Data analysis was done by SPSS software. The findings showed that the coordination model of the marketing and sales department in the insurance industry is affected by various factors directly and indirectly, and managers' understanding of the complexity of the relationship between these two units is of great importance in the growth of insurance companies and creating a competitive advantage for them. In order to ensure the achievement of the goals, managers must pay attention to the causal conditions such as the implementation of the risk management dashboard, structural integration and coordination in the business, creating synergy in organizational decisions, recognizing the prerequisites for coordination between the two departments of marketing and sales in the form of background conditions or coordination challenges such as "partial prejudices, non-specialist human capital, conflict of interests, managers' taste, CEO's attitude, ethical considerations, unfavorable customer support when receiving damages and fulfilling the organization's obligations, as well as interfering conditions such as upstream documents, market conditions (market stakeholders), legal conditions, and competitive conditions. Conclusion The current research has been carried out with the aim of explaining and validating the coordination model of the marketing and sales department in the insurance industry in Iran. The results of this research are aligned with the results of Biemans et al, (2022), Malshe et al, (2021), Asadi (2019), Asadollahi & Haji Ali Akbari (2020), Peterson et al, (2021), Vaid et al, (2020), Arabshahi & Abbaszadehgaretekan (2023), Nazarpuri et al, (2022), Zalkani Andarvar (2021), and Yazdani Kachuei et al, (2022). Biemans et al, (2022) showed that there are different relationships between marketing and sales departments in different work areas, and coordinating the activities of these two departments can help the organization to achieve its goals. According to the research results, the following suggestions were made: It is suggested to the managers of insurance companies that when choosing coordination mechanisms and tools between the sales and marketing units, they should pay attention to the intervening conditions such as upstream documents, market conditions (market stakeholders), legal conditions, competitive conditions, the number and maturity level of human capital and received feedback from the customers, and the level of maturity of the customers so that they do not make mistakes in choosing the mechanisms for the establishment of sales and marketing coordination in their insurance centers, and make the most of these tools.

Background and Aim: Cyclophosphamide is one of the chemotherapy drugs that has destructive effects on body tissues such as heart, liver, kidney, brain and reproductive system in human and animals. Cardiac abnormalities and dysfunction are the most important complications after cyclophosphamide (CP) treatment. Thus, investigation and development of effective treatment to decrease cardiac damage induced by cyclophosphamide are necessary. This study examined the effect of treatment with saponin (SP) on cardiac injury induced by cyclophosphamide. Materials and Methods: 24 adult male mice (weighing 30- 40 g) were randomly divided into four groups (N= 6): control, CP (15 mg/kg/week. IP), SP (5 mg/kg/day, IP) and SP + CP group. After treatment, blood samples were collected for the determination of biochemical parameters, and cardiac samples were taken for histological studies. Results: CP significantly increased myocardial injury markers (Creatine kinase, CK-MB and Lactate dehydrogenase, LDH). Histopathological findings of the CP group confirmed the lymphocyte infiltration and hyaline degeneration in the cardiac samples. Treatment with saponin boosted cardiac function and improved the morphological changes. Conclusion: It seems that saponin administration could protect against the cardiac damage induced by CP therapy.

The improvement of water consumption efficiency is very significant, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. In this research, the effects of three hydrogel rates (0, 10, and 50 Mg ha-1) and three irrigation regimes (50%, 70%, and 100% of water requirement) on growth, yield, and oil production of Thymus daenensis were studied in a lysimetric experiment. The process of hydrogel synthesis was performed with sodium alginate as the main bone of the polymer and acrylic acid and acrylamide as monomers with the rapeseed meal biochar was made at 300 ºC. The results showed that the essential oil content produced by the plant was impressed by the hydrogel application. The essential oil content increased with an increase in water deficit, but the essential oil yield decreased in the lysimeters with water deficit compared to the ones without water stress. Besides, the application of 50 Mg ha-1 hydrogel caused a 17% increase in the dry matter and a 12% increase in the plant's height. According to the results of this experiment, the application of hydrogel caused the improvement in most characteristics of the Thymus daenensis in water stress conditions.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the impact of quality of life therapy on the quality of parent-adolescent interaction and adolescent adjustment. A quasi-experimental design comprising a pretest, posttest, control group, and a two-month follow-up period was utilized for the study. The statistical population of the survey comprised second-year high school female adolescents residing in Isfahan during the 2020-2021 academic year. By means of purposive sampling, 35 adolescents were chosen at random and divided into experimental and control groups,with 18 adolescents assigned to the experimental group and 17 to the control group. Over the course of two months, mothers of adolescents in the experimental group participated in eighty-five-minute quality of life therapy sessions. A pre-test was administered prior to the intervention, and a post-test was conducted subsequent to the intervention. Following a gap of two months, the follow-up phase was conducted. Parent-Child Relationship Questionnaire (PCRQ) and California Individual-Social Adjustment Questionnaire (CISAQ) were utilized in this research. The data obtained from the research were analyzed through mixed ANOVA via SPSS-23 software. The results showed that quality of life therapy significantly influences the character of parent-adolescent interaction and adolescent adjustment (p

Aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate the Effectiveness of Dweck’s Mindset intervention on negative orientation towards problem and hopelessness in high school students. Method: The present study is an applied type and the project’s plan was a quasi-experimental study(pretest-posttest) and a control group. The statistical population consisted high school students (female) in Isfahan who were selected using multi-stage random sampling method. Negative Orientation Towards Problem questionnaire(NPOQ) and The Beck Hopelessness Scale(BHS) were research tools. 183 students completed the questionnaires. In the first screening step, 50 students were selected by purposive sampling. 30 students were randomly placed in the second step into experimental(n=15) and control groups(n=15). The experimental group received 8 sessions. Data were analyzed using MANCOVA by SPSS-23. Findings: There was a significant difference between experimental and control groups in the negative orientation towards problem(P

Background and Aim: Various factors in the body, such as omentin-1 (an adipokine of fat tissue) and FGF21 (an endocrine hormone with anti-inflammatory properties), decrease after periods of inactivity. This study aimed to investigate the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and thyme supplementation on the serum levels of omentin-1 and FGF-21 in sedentary young girls. Methods: In this clinical trial, 48 young girls were randomly assigned to four groups (n=12 each): HIIT training, thyme supplementation, HIIT + thyme, and control. Serum samples were collected at two time points: pre-test and post-test. Serum levels of omentin-1 and FGF21 were analyzed using specific ELISA kits. Results: The results showed that there was no significant difference in serum omentin-1 levels before (P=0.505) and after (P=0.542) the test in all four groups. However, post-test FGF-21 levels varied significantly among the groups (P=0.014). Post-test results indicated that FGF-21 levels were significantly higher in the HIIT + Thyme group (P=0.019; effect size=0.465), HIIT group (P=0.049; effect size=0.406), and thyme group (P=0.037; effect size=0.424) compared to the control group. Furthermore, a significant increase in the FGF-21 levels was observed in the thyme (P=0.001), HIIT (P=0.002), and HIIT + thyme (P=0.003) groups after the interventions. Conclusion: The study suggests that the increase in FGF-21 is a beneficial outcome of HIIT exercises with or without thyme supplementation. Combining HIIT exercises with thyme supplements may lead to a greater increase in FGF-21 levels. However, further research is required to confirm these findings.

Significant advancements in empirical sciences have intensified feelings of self-forgetfulness, emptiness, meaninglessness, stress, and loneliness in humans. As a result, individuals in our time more than any other time need a solid foundation for guidance. The belief in "Mahdism," which is a common belief among all Abrahamic religions and has a special prominence in Shia Islam, can serve as a strong and salvific foundation against cognitive, ethical, and psychological crises with utmost effectiveness. In this article, we delve into the various dimensions of this idea from the perspective of Quranic verses and Islamic narrations and its role in addressing various crises in modern society, as well as addressing some intellectual doubts rose against this idea. By referencing religious and rational sources, we will analyze and elucidate the Islamic perspective on the Mahdi and his revolutionary efforts.Modern humans desire peace, wisdom, and justice, which are lofty ideals. Based on historical texts and religious narrations, Imam Mahdi is a figure who will realize these ideals and overthrow the adversaries. Imam Mahdi will establish a government based on justice that will encompass the entire world. He will actualize the Quranic invitation: "Say, O! People of the Book come to a word that is equitable between us and you." (Quran, 3:64).Religious evidence indicates that Imam Mahdi establishes an ideal relationship among individuals and eliminates discord, oppression, and ignorance. He establishes a government based on kindness and mercy by actualizing the Quranic verse "The believers are brothers" (Quran, 49:10). There are over three thousand hadiths from the Prophet of Islam (PBUH) and the impeccable Imams specifically related to the topic of the Imam of the Time. These hadiths can be found in Shia and Sunni texts. It is noteworthy that many renowned Sunni scholars have published specialized books on the topic of the Imam Zaman (AS). Throughout history, the concept of anticipation and hope for a brighter future has been a common belief among nations and religions and will continue to be so. This outlook is intrinsic to humanity. However, the difference lies in the representative of civilization and the leader of global sovereignty. Within the framework of Shia thought, emphasis is placed on the honorable Imam who experiences the hardships of life like any other individual. He holds authority among the people and is a partner in their joys and sorrows. There are two distinct forms of anticipation. The first type is recognized as effective, empowering, and enduring anticipation, which can even be considered a form of selflessness and service to the truth. On the other hand, the second type of anticipation is deemed sinful, destructive, and paralyzing, ultimately leading to captivity.In the contemporary era, there is an increasing consensus that a global leader is necessary to address the multiple crises we are facing. This leader will have the ability to eradicate wars, conflicts, power abuse, colonialism, and other forms of injustice and inequality. However, it is essential to identify an individual with the necessary qualities to fulfill this important role. The global leader who will bear this immense responsibility must serve as a role model.Critics of Shiism believe that according to the beliefs of this school of thought, the hidden Imam must now have lived for almost twelve centuries, which is impossible for any human being. In response, it must be clarified that this criticism is merely based on the improbability of such a scenario, not its impossibility. In fact, a lifespan of this length or even longer is usually impossible, but not logically impossible. However, those who delve into the hadiths of the Prophet of Islam and the impeccable Imams find that they describe this life as miraculous. A miracle is by no means impossible, and it cannot be refuted with scientific arguments. Furthermore, it is strange that these criticisms arise from the People of the Book, including Jews, Christians, and some Muslims, as they themselves accept the miracles of the prophets of God based on their holy scriptures.According to the Islamic traditions and Quranic verses, it can be concluded that Imam Mahdi will appear to restore the position of the heavenly book and the teachings of the Prophet of Islam. He will establish global justice and renew the spiritual essence of the religious community. These are issues that no prophet has succeeded in fully realizing. The real life of the book and tradition lies in implementing global justice. The ultimate goal and purpose of God in creation will be fully realized through the most selfless servants, reformers, and devoted followers of the Prophet of Islam.Imam Mahdi will begin his mission by inviting people to a healthy and civilized life through faith. People worldwide, tired of the trials and tribulations of life and disillusioned with the emptiness of human ideologies, will respond eagerly and wholeheartedly to the call of Mahdi and strive to develop their mental powers and deepen their religious knowledge. Therefore, with determined resolve, leadership, and steadfast support from his loyal followers, Mahdi is poised to create a fundamental framework for a global governing body that upholds justice. The ultimate goal of Islam is to establish global justice (Quran, 57:25). God's definitive promise of victory guarantees the completion of Islam's historical philosophy, especially the triumph of the oppressed: "We wanted to bestow favor upon those who were oppressed in the land and make them leaders and inheritors." (Quran, 28:5) Belief in the Mahdi not only guarantees a hopeful outlook on the future of the world and humanity but also signifies a fundamental progress towards intellectual growth and maturity

The purpose of current study was to investigate the effectiveness of filial therapy on fear of coronavirus in children. The present study was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest, posttest, and control group. The statistical population consisted of all mothers of children with complain of fear of coronavirus visiting counseling centers in Isfahan, Iran, from among whom 22 people were selected through purposive sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group received eight sessions of filial therapy sessions, while the control group received no training. Data collection instrument was fear of covid-19 scale (FCV-19S) (Ahorsu et al, 2020) that was standardized and visualized in children society. Date were analyzed by univariate covariance in SPSS version 21. filial therapy was an effective intervention in reducing fear of coronavirus in children (p

Introduction Each Islamic denomination follows its respective beliefs to forge connections with other Islamic denominations and even non-Islamic religions. Religion plays a pivotal role in shaping their comprehension of Self, Other, and the approach towards communicating with others, ranging from acceptance to excommunication. In other words, religious beliefs constitute a foundation that governs the relations between different religions. A precise and nuanced understanding of diverse Islamic denominations is essential for avoiding the one-size-fits-all perspective that may see the diverse groups in the same way. Such an understanding paves the way for recognizing historical, religious, and social distinctions, facilitating more informed and effective approaches to interact with different religious groups.The teachings of the Quran and the prophetic tradition prohibit sectarian conflicts, underscoring the unity and convergence among followers of different Islamic denominations. The empathy and convergence seem to be crucial, especially considering the constant efforts by the Western world to sow discord and division within Islamic countries. For example, the establishment of ISIS in the Middle East involved the Muslim nations, with the ultimate aim of ensuring security for Israel. Recently, the resurgence of the Taliban in Afghanistan has made it essential to reassess their foundational beliefs, laying the groundwork for fostering more symbiotic relations with them.The Deoband school of thought is considered one of the influential Islamic denominations in the recent developments of the region. Deobandis adhere to the Hanafi school of Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh) and Maturidism as a school of Islamic theology. The Deobandi movement emerged with the purpose of opposing the British East India Company. Due to their concerted efforts, Deobandis rapidly spread across the Indian subcontinent, later establishing a significant base in Pakistan and Afghanistan and founding religious schools and educational centers there. The Taliban group is one the movements developed out of the adherence to the religious beliefs of the Deoband school of thought. Against this backdrop, the present research aimed to examine three key issues: the fundamental religious beliefs of the Taliban, the distinction between the Taliban and Salafism, and suggestions for Iran’s strategic foreign policy towards these groups with an eye to their religious beliefs.Literature ReviewAuthored by Khalil Ahmad al-Saharanpuri, the book Al-Muhannad 'ala al-Mufannad [The Sword on the Disproved] not only provides responses to the inquiries posed by Wahhabi scholars but also elaborates on the beliefs of the scholars from Darul Uloom Deoband. The book unveils the conspiracies of adversaries and elucidates the true teachings of the venerable figures of Maturidism. The collection of essays titled Maghalat Al-Kawtheri [Kawtheri’s Essays] includes miscellaneous essays written by Muhammad Zahid al-Kawthari. The collection contains some essays that oppose the Wahhabi thought. While dismissing Wahhabism, al-Kawthari delves into the core beliefs of the Deobandi school of thought. In the article titled “Taliban and Deobandism” (2018), Mohammad Bagher Hassani examined the relationship between the Taliban and the Deobandi school. The author compared some Deobandi concepts with Wahhabism and other Sunni sects, highlighting their shared aspects as well as distinctions. Hassani’s descriptive–analytical research also focused on Islamic groups, such as the Taliban, which are recognized for their adherence to the theological doctrines of Maturidism.In addition to comparative studies, there are also reference works on the theological beliefs of Maturidism and Wahhabism. A notable work is Kitab al-Tawhid [Book of Monotheism] by Abu Mansur al-maturidi, considered the canonical source for followers of the maturidi school of theology. Abu Mansur al-Maturidi refers to imitation in belief and faith as a wrong approach, focusing on the logical and narrative-based examination of the theological foundations of Maturidism. The book Minhaj al-Sunnah al-Nabawiyyah [The Path of Sunnah of the Prophet] was written by ibn Taymiyyah, a prominent Hanbali scholar considered as a founder and iconic figure of Salafism. The book deals with religious beliefs as well as several jurisprudential opinions and fatwas of Ibn Taymiyyah, including his unconventional views on refraining from visiting graves, and resorting to blessings and supplications. In addition, the article titled “Investigation of the Factors Affecting the Change in Iran’s Political–Defense Approach Towards the Taliban” (Parizad & Shahrestani, 2022) examined Iran’s foreign policy strategies concerning the Taliban group, highlighting the role of environmental factors and global structures.Materials and MethodsThe present study used the library method to collected and analyze the data.Results and DiscussionAccording to the research results, the Taliban originated from Maturidi theology and Deobandi religious centers in Pakistan, and Salafism has its roots in the Wahhabi theology. Despite common origins, there are fundamental differences between the Taliban and salafism, manifesting in salient theological and religious issues such as monotheism in worship, intercession, and the stance towards the shia. Notably, the Taliban, in contrast to Salafism, exhibits a broader, universalist approach to acceptance of and interactions with other groups, particularly the Shia. According to the religious teachings, unity and convergence are not merely tactical considerations but fundamental principles of the Islamic faith. Therefore, the foreign policy strategy of Islamic states should be aligned with religious teachings. The Islamic Republic of Iran, as an Islamic state, seems to have anchored its foreign policy on this principle. Considering geopolitical borders and ideological considerations, Iran has established positive relations with the Taliban group, showing tolerance in border conflicts and water disputes. Iran’s foreign policy towards the Taliban is characterized by Iran’s concern about the formation of Salafi and Wahhabi groups in Afghanistan. Therefore, given the doctrinal differences between these groups, Iran views the relations with the Taliban as appropriate to prevent the establishment of Salafi groups in its eastern neighbor. Moreover, Iran’s foreign policy can pursue cooperation and relations with the Taliban against a common adversary, namely the United States.ConclusionA comprehensive understanding of Islamic intellectual and religious schools is crucial to reach an accurate interpretation of the foundations of Islam. Knowledge about different schools of thought can offer a better understanding of religious teachings, facilitating a more accurate interpretation of religious doctrines and beliefs. Moreover, as indicated by the findings, such an understanding can aid in devising foreign policy strategies in dealing with diverse religious groups.

IntroductionSport tourism is a type of recreational trip where tourists temporarily leave their home to participate in sports activities, watch sports events or go to places that are related to sports activities. In other words, sports tourism is a phenomenon that is socially, economically, and culturally significant because of the unique interaction between an activity, people, and place. Many residents of Europe, who are deprived of this natural blessing of the world, consider desertification to be an attractive field of tourism. Domestic and foreign tourists can be attracted to Yazd province by its traditional, historical, cultural, geographical, and climatic architecture, handicrafts, and desert attractions. One of the most important features of the Yazd desert is its suitable space for activities and entertainment for different age groups, from children and babies to adventurous young people and middle-aged people. They can engage in various activities such as walking on sand dunes, watching the surfaces of salt marshes, salty rivers, seeing the clear sky and stars at night and the sunrise. The literature and research background indicate that the majority of research has concentrated on the factors or obstacles that contribute to the development of tourism in the desert, or the motivations of tourists. There is no research on sports tourism in the desert. Considering the high reception of foreign tourists from the city of Yazd and the variety of tourists who travel to Yazd from different parts of the world, solutions have been provided for the prosperity of the tourism industry in the city of Yazd as well as the country's tourism. It is important to consider the possibility of resolving tourism problems and increasing the number of foreign tourists in the regions. Nevertheless, the standard of living is slowly rising, and physical and mental health, recreation, and free time have become necessary for everyday life. It is crucial to address this issue by meeting people's diverse sports needs and improving their healthy living standards. Sports tourism as a means of maintaining physical and mental health and spending leisure time has many advantages. Promoting and developing tourism and economic prosperity can be achieved by developing sports tourism in the deserts of Yazd. Thus, the researcher decided to determine the factors that affect the acceptance of sports tourism in the desert by students at Yazd University. Material and MethodsThe current research was applied for specific purposes and used descriptive-correlational data collection methods. The statistical population of this research was the students of Yazd University, of whom 375 were selected as a sample according to Morgan's table using a simple random method. The research tool was the Alam Talab questionnaire (2014), whose validity was obtained by asking the opinions of experts in the field of sports tourism, and its reliability was obtained through Cronbach's alpha of 0.89. During descriptive analysis, SPSS version 26 software was employed, and Smart PLS version 4 software was utilized for structural equation modeling. Results and DiscussionIt was discovered that among the individual factor variables, the factor of obtaining pleasure and relaxation, which has a factor load of 1.199, is the most significant factor than physical fitness with a factor loads of 1.040. Among the variables of social factors, the mass media factor with a factor load of 0.929 is the most important item and the peer factor with a factor load of 0.724 is the least important item. The positive and significant effect of enjoyment and relaxation on the acceptance of sports tourism in the desert was confirmed, but the effect of fitness, mass media, family and peers on the acceptance of sports tourism in the desert was rejected. According to the coefficient of determination value of 0.124, the model does not fit well. According to the obtained results, it is suggested to have group tours with trained tour leaders during the competition season, preferably in autumn and winter, and with discounts or free sports insurance for emerging desert disciplines such as camel riding, sand riding, off-road, paragliding and Shooting with flying targets should be held in the deserts near and far of Yazd city. It is appropriate to provide extensive information about these events through mass media and national and local social networks. It is essential to prepare and make available to tourists complete and detailed maps of the routes, attractions, sports tourism facilities, and information in the desert camps of Yazd city. Finally, a specific trustee body in the tourism industry should be accountable for overseeing the activities of sports tourism tours.

Background: One of the psychological interventions that can target the emotional well-being of adolescents with nomophobia is Barlow's transdiagnostic intervention. transdiagnostic interventions emerged against single-diagnosis treatments. The review of previous studies did not find any specific research that investigated the effectiveness of Barlow's transdiagnostic therapy model on the emotional well-being of adolescents with nomophobia. Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Barlow's transdiagnostic treatment on the emotional well-being of 14-18-year-old adolescents with nomophobia. Method: The method of the current research was a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test type with a control group and a two-month follow-up. The statistical population of the research included all adolescent girls in the city of Isfahan in the age range of 14 to 18 years. The sampling method was available and the statistical sample included 30 people. In this way, 30 adolescent girls who were suffering from nomophobia and had low emotional well-being were randomly selected, were randomly assigned to be Experimental and control in two groups. The experimental group received Barlow et al (2011) metadiagnostic therapy in the form of 12 90-minute sessions, but the control group members did not receive any intervention. The research tools included nomophobia questionnaire (Azadmanesh et al., 2016) and researcher-made emotional well-being questionnaire (2023). The data was analyzed using the method of variance analysis with repeated measurements and SPSS-29 software. Results: The results of analysis of variance with repeated measurements in the present study showed that Barlow's transdiagnostic treatment was effective on the emotional well-being of adolescent girls with nomophobia (P

Aim and Background: Multiple sclerosis is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. This disease is one of the most common neurological diseases in humans and is the most debilitating disease of young people. In this regard, the aim of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment based on lived experiences of social stigma on the Mental Toughness of multiple sclerosis patients in Isfahan city. Methods and Materials: The research method was a pre-test and post-test with a control group and a one-month follow-up. The statistical population of the research was all patients with multiple sclerosis who referred to the neurologist's office in Isfahan city in 2019. The society was informed that 30 patients with MS were selected by available sampling and randomly divided into two treatment groups based on lived experiences of social stigma and the control group (15 people in each group). The subjects underwent 8 weekly 90-minute sessions. The treatment was based on the lived experiences of social stigma and the control group did not receive any treatment. The data in this research was collected by the mental toughness questionnaire (MTQ48) (Clough et al., 2007) in three stages: pre-test, post-test and follow-up and were analyzed using variance analysis with repeated measurements in SPSS software version 22. Findings: The results of mixed variance analysis with repeated measurements showed that the treatment based on the lived experiences of social stigma has created a Pnificant difference in the inter-group stage (P

In addition to soil water content, soil matric potential is also important for plant growth. Soil water characteristic curve (SWCC) or soil moisture characteristic curve describes soil water content and soil matric potential relationship. Many models have been developed to describe the SWCCs and their fitting to the experimental data. However, their fitting accuracies in different soil textures, have been rarely investigated. In this study, matric potential-moisture data of 16 soil sample of forest station in Finland use to fit SWCC models. Nine well known and frequently applied SWCC models were fitted to the measured data. The most accurate models of total soil samples, each textural group and each textural class were estimated using root mean square error (RMSE), coefficient of determination (R2) and mean error (ME). Result showed that van Genuchten-Mualem, van Genuchten, Gardner and Brutsaert models had most accurate and Brooks and Corey model had least accurate to predict SWCC.

Introduction: Due to the lack of an instrument for measuring the career issues of those with bipolar disorder, the present study was conducted to develop and examine the psychometric characteristics of the Career Issues Inventory for Persons with Bipolar Disorder (CII-BD). Material and Methods: To check the diagnostic validity, via purposive sampling and interviews by a psychiatrist, 108 people were selected from two sample groups (53 normal people and 55 participants with bipolar disorder). The items were extracted from three sources including scientific articles related to the career issues of bipolar people, interviews with individuals with bipolar disorder, and interviews with experts using the Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) systematic qualitative method. Finally, the items of the CII-BD were reduced to 81 questions. Content, construct, and convergent validity plus factor analysis of CII-BD were also examined. The reliability of CII-BD was evaluated by internal consistency and test-retest method with seven weeks intervals after the initial implementation of the CII-BD. Results: The convergent validity of the sum score of CII-BD with the sum score of the symptom inventory of people with bipolar disorder among the sample of normal people and the sample of persons with bipolar disorder was (r=0.79, P

Background and Objective: Indoor air pollutants are among the five most important environmental health risks. In recent years, concerns regarding indoor air quality in buildings have increased. This review has investigated studies conducted on portable air cleaners. Materials and Methods: After determining the keywords, conducting comprehensive searches in the internet databases, and taking into account the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a complete review was conducted to obtain the latest findings and the general trend of the studies. Results: Portable air cleaner devices are very diverse and are divided based on the type of technology used. Many standards have been developed to evaluate the performance of these devices in different countries, but none of them cover all aspects of performance. The effectiveness of these devices in removing VOCs is between 20% and 80%, depending on the type of technology and other influencing factors, and their effectiveness in removing suspended particles is between 70% and 95% on average. Furthermore, their efficiency in controlling COVID-19 is reported to be above 80% in cases where HEPA filters with grades 13 and above are used. Conclusion: Devices equipped with the HEPA filtration process have been found to be very effective in controlling indoor suspended particles. The use of devices equipped with UVGI, plasma, and ozone technologies should be accompanied by caution due to dangerous by-products.

The scarcity of freshwater resources increases the importance of seawater and brackish water desalination processes. However, a large amount of specific energy requirements, and high operational costs, present a big challenge in adopting desalination technologies. Due to high expenses of energy, desalination of saline waters by low-cost methods is important. The objective of this research was to investigate the ability of two adsorbents (zeolite and graphene oxide) to remove salinity ions from aqueous solutions in Caspian Sea water and water of the well of the Dark zone in Isfahan. At first, some graphene oxide was made according to Homer's method. Then, the characteristics of graphene oxide were known by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and using an electron microscope. After that, the ability of adsorbents to remove salinity agent cations and anions was evaluated. To investigate a fixed-bed zeolite column with graphene oxide (GO) layer was used to remove Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and Cl– from 50 cc of saline water. Also, Hexadecyl trimethylamine (HDTMA) was used to modify natural zeolites. The results showed that among the adsorbents for the water of the well in the Dark zone, 30 mg graphene oxide with 13 gr zeolite had the highest adsorption rate (23.84 percent of salinity reduction), and for Caspian Sea water, 13 gr zeolite modified by surfactants had the highest adsorption rate (23.43 percent of salinity reduction). Also, the removal of cations and anion followed the sequence: K+ >Ca2+ >Mg2+ >Cl– >Na+.

Hydraulic jump is used for dissipation of kinetic energy downstream of hydraulic structures such as spillways, chutes, and gates. In the present study, the experimental measurements and numerical simulation of the free hydraulic jump by applying Flow-3D software in six different conditions of adverse slope, roughness, and positive step were compared. It should be noted that two turbulence models including k-ε and RNG were used for numerical simulation. Based on the results, simulation accuracy using the RNG model was more than the k-ε model. The statistical indices of NRMSE, ME, NS, and R2 for comparing the water surface profile were obtained at 34.3, 0.0052, 0.995, and 983 for the application of the RNG model, respectively. Also, using the RNG model, the values of these indices for the velocity profile were obtained at 14.92, 0.127, 0.9982, and 962, respectively. In general, the error of the simulated water surface and velocity profile were obtained at 5.31 and 12.4 percent, respectively. Moreover, the maximum error of the numerical simulation results of D2/D1, Lj/D2, and Lr/D1 was ±12, ±12, and 16%, respectively. Therefore, the use of Flow-3D software with the application of the RNG turbulence model is recommended for numerical simulation of the hydraulic jump in different situations.

Background and purpose: The present study investigated the association of Metformin use with disease severity, inflammatory markers, and the outcome of COVID-19 in hospitalized diabetic COVID-19 patients at Imam Khomeini Hospital, Sari, in 2021. Materials and methods: The current descriptive study was performed after obtaining the code of ethics and permission from the hospital director for the medical records evaluation. The relevant data of diabetic COVID-19 patients admitted at Imam Khomeini Medical Education Center were determined and analyzed using SPSS software. Results: In this study, 324 patients were included in the study; So that 168 people (51.85%) were men and 156 people (48.15%) were women. The difference in the number of people with and without metformin use in the need to be admitted to the special care unit was statistically significant (P

Background and purpose: Novel coronavirus (COVID-19) can cause acute kidney injury (AKI), and underlying kidney diseases worsen the prognosis of COVID-19 patients. Materials and methods: This observational study examined the clinical and laboratory outcomes of patients with COVID-19 and assessed the major risk factors for death and intensive care unit (ICU) hospitalization in COVID-19 patients. The sample consisted of 296 COVID-19 patients with or without underlying kidney diseases. In total, 37 patients died (mean age: 66.6 ± 17.6). Results: Most patients who passed away initially suffered from shortness of breath (37.8%), cough (21.6%), old age, insulin use, central nervous system (CNS) disease, septic shock, hypoalbuminemia (P

Schmidt syndrome is a polyendocrinopathy characterized by multiple organ failures. Patients with two or more of the following characteristics are diagnosed with this syndrome: Graves' disease, adrenal insufficiency, autoimmune thyroiditis, and type I diabetes. The present case report concerns a Schmidt syndrome patient (polyglandular autoimmune syndrome type II). The patient is a 42-year-old woman with type I diabetes and complaints of imbalance, weakness and lethargy, weight loss, darkened skin, blood pressure drop, hypoglycemia, and hyperkalemia who visited the Hospital frequently and was discharged every time after intravenous potassium chloride and dextrose injections and orders to reduce insulin consumption at home. Her blood cortisol level was measured in her last visit with suspicion of adrenal insufficiency, which was revealed to be low (less than 0.5 μg/dL). A high ACTH, low aldosterone, and normal renin were also reported, indicating secondary adrenal insufficiency. Furthermore, T4 and TSH tests were performed, reporting a TSH lower than 0.2 in the initial TSH test, which was revealed to be normal after the test was repeated. Subclinical hyperthyroidism was indicated, given the high TRAb figure. The patient underwent treatment with fludrocortisone and prednisolone, which improved her condition. This report accentuates that diabetic patients with reduced insulin requirements must be checked for adrenal insufficiency immediately to prevent potential complications.

Background and purpose: The selection of co-ligand has a profound effect on the labeling efficiency, biodistribution, and tumor-targeting ability of 99mTc-labeled HYNIC-conjugated peptides. This study compared the in-vitro and in-vivo properties from the 99mTc-labeling of 6-Hydrazinonicotinamide-conjugated neurotensin (HYNIC-[βAla7-Tle12] NT (5-13)) by Tricine/EDDA and Tricine as two co-ligand systems. Materials and methods: After radiolabeling, cellular specific binding, affinity and internalization were evaluated toward the HT-29 cell line, as neurotensin overexpressing cells for both of them. Finally, the biodistribution studies were performed on HT-29 xenografted tumor-bearing nude mice, and the imaging was performed using a gamma camera. Results: The radiochemical purity of 99mTc labeled peptide with tricine and tricine/EDDA as co-ligands was found over 95%, and they showed desirable saline and serum stability up to 24 h. The dissociation constant (Kd) value for radiolabeled peptide with tricine and tricine/EDDA toward NT receptors were determined as 50.41 ± 9.76 and 32.66 ± 4.00, respectively. Internalization of radiolabeled peptide with tricine/EDDA was reported almost 2-fold more than radiolabeled peptide with tricine as co-ligand for HT-29 cell line after 4 h incubation. In biodistribution and imaging, the tumor/muscle activity ratio was 2.30 and 4.20, 1.74 and 2.28 at 2 h post-injection with tricine and tricine/EDDA, respectively. Conclusion: Despite relatively similar radiochemical properties of both peptide radio-complexes with 99mTc, the complex labeled with a mixture of tricine/EDDA as co-ligands showed more suitable in vivo properties than tricine.

Background: The study of intelligence, its theoretical basics, and new theories of it refer to enriching the environment in different ways and its effect on increasing intelligence. in the meantime, the lack of research regarding the education of parents through the native package and its effect on children's intelligence was felt. Aims: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the parenting behavior model educational package based on the lived experiences of parents with gifted children on the verbal profile of preschool children with moderate intelligence. Methods: This applied research was semi-experimental and was done with the help of a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The population of this research was parents and their children of preschool age in Arak from October 2020 to October 2021. Due to the spread of Corona virus, the research was conducted in a preschool center and parents and their children were divided into two groups of 10 people, experimental and control, with a random sampling method. for gathering the data, the Tehran-Stanford-Binet intelligence scale(Roid, 2000) was used, and then the parents of the experimental group received 13 one-hour online educational sessions. Then the post-test was performed on the preschoolers. The data were analyzed in SPSS version 26 with the help of the univariate covariance analysis model. Results: The results of data analysis showed that the scores of the experimental group in two intelligences, knowledge and quantitative reasoning, has been significant increase (p

Background: The development of the career path is a topic that has been widely studied in the scientific texts of psychology and has been mentioned in the theories related to occupational psychology. Also, several studies have been conducted on the developmentof children's career paths, but no specific research was found that provided a model for the developmentof children's career paths. Aims: The current research was conducted with the aim of modeling the development of children's career path based on a grounded theory study. Methods: The current research was carried out with a qualitative approach, on a grounded theory method is of the emergent type. The statistical population of the research included all specialists related to the subject of the research who had a scientific background and related experience, and 18 of them participated in this research using theoretical sampling. Also, in order to collect data, semi-structured in-depth interview method was used. The interviews continued until reaching the saturation of the categories and forming the essence of the basic domain. At the same time as the interviews, data analysis was performed and validated with the emergent method including substantive coding (including open and selective coding) and theory using ATLAS.ti8 software. Results: In the data analysis, 306 non-repeated codes, 29 fundamental codes and finally 9 categories and 3 theoretical codes emerged. According to the participants in the research, in general, the Developmentof children's career path is formed as a path from adaptation to adaptability and includes factors, process and competencies. Conclusion: According to the findings, it seems that the development of children's career path is a complex and continuous process that is influenced by several factors, including family background, gender, culture, school experiences, and personal interests and abilities. Therefore, to effectively guide and support the development of children's career paths, a holistic approach that includes various components is necessary.

As Hegel claims in the phenomenology of the soul, subjectivity as the fate of the history of consciousness aims to show how the soul tries to establish a dialectical relationship between the objective and the subjective by becoming aware of itself and reconciling consciousness with self-awareness and to reconcile the two in the subjectivity found in absolute idealism. The main problem of this article is to show how and with what conceptual possibilities Hegel can overcome the one-sidedness of objective realism and subjective idealism by means of the subjectivity in the phenomenology of the soul. To answer this question, the author tries to explain the subjectivity in the book Phenomenology of the Spirit through the conceptual possibilities of consciousness, self-awareness, human society and political situation, and how to actualize the abstract absolute existing at the beginning of the history of consciousness through the mentioned concepts. show for this reason, it is explained that by bringing the absolute closer to the human community and creating an ontological dialectic between God and human "us", Hegel integrates the absolute into the political situation, and by integrating God into the political state, to reveal the absolute both to himself and to human "us" in philosophical knowledge and in this way establish a dialectical union between the realm of the subject and the realm of the object. In this article, the author has used the descriptive-analytical method to explain his position.

Background and purpose: Hospital infections remain a significant health concern despite advancements in treatment methods. The emergence and spread of pathogens with multiple resistance remain a global health issue. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of nosocomial infections and determine the antibiotic resistance pattern in Razi Ghaemshahr Hospital, Mazandaran. Materials and methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at Razi Ghaemshahr Hospital in Mazandaran province during 2016-2017. Positive cultures from hospitalized patients were used as samples and subjected to antibiotic resistance pattern analysis using the disk diffusion method. Results: Out of the 672 hospitalized patients in different wards, the infectious ward had the highest frequency distribution of patients (40%). The most commonly isolated pathogens were Escherichia coli (26.2%), Acinetobacter baumannii (14.7%), Enterobacter (14.1%), Pseudomonas aeroginosa (13.5%), and Citrobacter (12.8%). The pathogens were highly resistant to cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, beta-lactamase inhibitors, and carbapenems. Conclusion: It was found that the most frequently isolated pathogen was Escherichia coli. The emergence of Citrobacter with high antibiotic resistance can possibly be attributed to a shift in the prevalence pattern of microorganisms within this hospital

Background and objectives Light is the main environmental factor for plant growth and development. Different attributes of light such as intensity, quality and duration affect plant growth and productivity. Light spectrum of growing environment is a determinant factor for plant growth and photosynthesis. The photosynthetic reactions are directly affected by various light parameters including its spectrum and intensity. Photosystem I and II (PSI and PSII) in the electron transport chain of photosynthetic apparatus are involved in converting solar energy to chemical compounds in plants. It has been found that the PSII is sensitive to light quality. Using The OJIP test, we can investigate the efficiency of various biological phases of the electron transport system. Light sources such as metal-halide, fluorescent, high-pressure sodium, neon lamps and light-emitting diode (LED) can be used for production of plants in closed environments instead of sunlight. Manipulation of the light spectrum of the lamps could trigger potential benefits by enhancing plant growth. Nowadays, by using the LED technology, it is possible to study the physiological effect of different light spectra for optimization of growth conditions and for increase the production of plants in controlled environments. This research was conducted to investigate photosynthetic apparatus, growth parameters, stomatal characteristics, transpiration rate and essential oil content of Salvia officinalis under different light spectra. Materials and Methods In this study, the effects of different light spectra were implemented and performed as a pot experiment using soilless media in the plant growth chamber based on a completely randomized design with 6 lighting spectra including White, Blue, Red and three combinations of R and B lights (R30:B70, R50:B50 and R70:B30) with three replications. The light intensity in all growth chambers was adjusted to photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of 250 ±10 μmol m-2s-1 and light spectrum were monitored using a sekonic light meter (Sekonic C-7000, Japan). Growth condition was set at 14/10 h day/night cycles, 25/22oC day/night temperatures and 40% relative humidity. Three month following plant growth under different light spectra, the plants were evaluated for their growth parameters, stomatal characteristics (stomatal length, stomatal width, pore length or aperture) transpiration rate (E), relative water content (RWC), photosynthetic apparatus (evaluation of OJIP) and essential oil content. Data analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed using IBM SAS software (Version 9.1) and the differences between means were assessed using Duncan’s multiple range tests at p≤ 0.05. Results The results showed that the stomata characteristics, photosynthetic performance, growth characteristics and essential oil content of Salvia officinalis were affected by different light spectra. Increasing the ratio of red light especially combined Red and Blue lights (R70:B30) led to the improvement of growth characteristics. Transient induction of chlorophyll fluorescence showed that the highest fluorescence intensities at all OJIP steps were detected in Red light. The lowest Fv/F0 and Fv/Fm were obtained in plants grown under Red light. Occurrence of leaf epinasty and decrease in Fv/Fm indicative of phenomenon of red light syndrome in the plants under Red treatment. Red light caused a reduction in performance index per absorbed light efficiency of (PIABS) and increase in quantum energy dissipation (ΦD0), light absorption (ABS/RC) and electron trapping (TR0/RC) per reaction center. The highest Fv/F0, Fv/Fm and PIABS were obtained under combination of Red and Rlue light. The highest ΦE0 was also detected in combination of Red and Blue light. The narrow and large stomatal apertures were detected under Red and Blue light, respectively. The highest transpiration rate was achieved in plants grown under Blue light LED. Increasing the ratio of Red light resulted in reduction in transpiration rate and improvement of leaf capacity to control water loss via reducing the opening of stomata. The highest amount of essential oil (1/75% v/w) was achieved in plants exposed to combination of Red:Blue light spectra (R70:B30). Conclusion light spectrum during plant growth can change plant metabolism, LED can be used in favor of producing good-quality food in controlled environment agriculture due to their ease of application, waveband manipulation and limited heat production. Our result showed that photosynthetic apparatus, growth parameters, stomatal characteristics, transpiration rate, relative water content and essential oil content of plants were considerably influenced by light spectra. Using OJIP test confirmed that plants grown under monochromatic Red and Blue lights were less efficient to successfully transfer the excitons and most of the absorbed energy by the photosystems was dissipated as heat. In conclusion, combined Red and Blue lights (especially R70:B30) caused favorable growth, photosynthetic functionality and maximum essential oil content of Salvia officinalis. Therefore, combination of R and B lights (R70:B30) should be considered for production of Salvia officinalis under artificial light systems during commercial controlled environment production of plants.

Background and purpose: One of the possible factors for the continuation of hepatitis B infection in hemodialysis adults is the presence of hidden hepatitis B. Considering the risk of occult hepatitis B infection in people with immunodeficiency disorders, especially hemodialysis patients, the aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of occult hepatitis B among dialysis patients in Sari. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional descriptive research was conducted in Sari, 2018. Blood samples were taken from dialysis patients before dialysis. Then, HBV serology tests (HBs-Ab, HBs-Ag, HBV PCR, and HBc-Ab) were performed using ELISA method. Data analysis was done using SPSS V20. Chi-square test was used to find correlation between qualitative variables. Also, the differences were compared using independent t-test, and P0.05), but significantly, the majority of the studied patients had a previous history of diabetes and high blood pressure (P0.05). Independent t-test showed that the average age of people with latent hepatitis B was significantly higher than the rest of dialysis patients. (P=0.030). Of the patients, nine (3.23%) had positive HBs-Ag, of whom seven were under treatment and two did not need any treatment. Despite two complete series of vaccination against hepatitis B, six patients (2%) with negative HBs-Ag and HBs-Ab were reported to have positive HBc-Ab. Two cases of them (0.71%) were PCR positive, which were real latent hepatitis, and four others were recorded as old recovered hepatitis. Conclusion: The findings suggested that HBs-Ag was a necessary but not sufficient factor in patients with End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD); therefore, it was recommended to evaluate HBc-Ab and to test PCR for positive cases.

Background: Job burnout is one of the psychological problems that threaten therapists. This problem can lead to a decrease in service quality. Cognitive-behavioral therapy and paradigmatic schema mentalities therapy are two intervention methods that have been proposed to deal with job burnout. Both intervention methods have their advantages and limitations. Therefore, comparing the effectiveness of these two methods on job burnout in therapists is necessary and necessary research. Aims: The main purpose of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of treatment of allegorical schema modes with cognitive behavioral therapy on therapists' job burnout. Methods: The method of the current research is of semi-experimental type and the statistical population consisted of psychotherapists of therapeutic centers in the 3rd district of Tehran who were engaged in therapeutic work between December 2021 and December 2022. To select the sample size according to the research method, 15 people were selected for each group. In order to evaluate the variables of the research, the job burnout questionnaire of Moslesh and Jackson (1993) was used. Results: The findings showed that the F rate of the effect of the treatment of allegorical schema modes was not significant on the variable of emotional exhaustion and sense of success, and it was significant on the variable of depletion. Also, the F rate of the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on the variable of emotional exhaustion and depletion was not significant, and it was significant on the variable of feeling of success. Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, the effects of treatment methods on burnout scores did not fluctuate much in both and both were equally effective in this variable. It seems that both treatment methods are effective in reducing therapists' burnout. Therefore, it is expected that policy makers in the field of mental health will invest and promote such approaches to improve the health of psychotherapists

A novel diorganotin(IV) complex, [(SnMe2)2(C15H9O2)(OCH3)(O)]2, with high optical properties was synthesized by an efficient method and fully characterized by elemental analysis and 1H, 119Sn NMR, IR and UV spectroscopies. It should be noted that the anthracene-9-carboxylic acid with high conjugated π-system and acceptable optical properties was utilized as a ligand for the preparation of this complex. The crystal structure of prepared complex was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Crystal structure analysis of prepared compound displays the attendance of a tetranuclear, centrosymmetric dimeric, complex that crystallizes in the triclinic system with the space group of p_1^-. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) has been used for the investigation of the thermal behavior of prepared complex. The absorption and photoluminescence properties of the complex were investigated in solid state at room temperature. The investigation of the optical properties of complex shows that this complex can be as a good fluorescent material in the preparation of luminescence devices like light-emitting diodes. The metal complex significantly increased the optical efficiency and current density of the diode. Also, by adding metal to the ligand, the emission wavelength of the organic light emitting diode (OLED) was changed.

Awareness of water resources status is essential for the proper management of resources and planning for the future due to the occurrence of climate change in most parts of the world and its impact on different parts of the water cycle. Hence, many studies have been carried out in different regions to analyze the effects of climate change on the hydrological process in the coming periods. The present study examined the effects of climate change on surface runoff using the Atmosphere-Ocean General Circulation Model (AOGCM) in Khomeini Shahr City. The maximum and minimum temperatures and precipitation of the upcoming period (2020-2049) were simulated using a weighted average of three models for each of the minimum and maximum temperatures and precipitation parameters based on the scenario A2 and B1 (pessimistic and optimistic states, respectively) of the AOGCM-AR4 models. The LARS-WG model was also used to measure the downscaling. The HEC-HMS was used to predict runoff. The effects of climate change in the coming period (2020-2049) compared with the observation period (1971-2000), in the A2 scenario, the minimum and maximum temperatures would increase by 1.1 and 1.6 Degrees Celsius, respectively, and the precipitation would decrease 17.8 percent. In the B1 scenario, the minimum and maximum temperatures would increase by 1.1 and 1.4 degrees Celsius, respectively, and the precipitation would decrease by 13 percent. The results of runoff were different in the six scenarios in the way the most runoff reduction is related to the scenario of fixed land use and scenario A2 (22.2% reduction), and the most increase is related to the scenario of 45% urban growth and scenario B1 (5.8% increase). So, according to increase urban texture in the future and consequently enhance the volume of runoff, this volume of runoff can be used to feed groundwater, irrigate gardens, and green space in the city.

Background and purpose: Disturbance in the immune system is one of the main causes of endometriosis. Previous studies have shown the role of physical activity and antioxidant supplements on regulating the expression of genes related to improving the immune system, and reducing inflammation and infection. The present study examines the effect of swimming and vitamin E supplementation on the expression of NFKβ1 and P65 genes in endometriosis model rats. Materials and methods: Thirty female rats were divided into six groups (n=5 per group); healthy, endometriosis, without exercise-saline-endometriosis, exercise-saline-endometriosis, without exercise supplement-endometriosis, and exercise-supplement-endometriosis. Endometriosis was surgically induced. Physical activity included swimming for eight weeks, five sessions/week and 30 minutes/session, and supplement was provided by daily gavage of 200 mg of vitamin E/kg for eight weeks. Twenty four hours after the last swimming session, the animals were sacrificed and the endometriosis tissue was removed. Relative expression levels of NFKB1 and P65 genes were measured using Real-Time PCR. Data were analyzed using one-way and two-way ANOVA. Results: Induction of endometriosis caused a significant increase in the expression of genes studied (P0.05). Conclusion: According to this study, swimming and vitamin E supplement can be considered in improving endometriosis.

In this study, QuEChERS as a sample preparation method followed by high-performance liquid chromatography was applied to the determination of imidacloprid insecticide in date fruit. According to the comparison of obtained results, the original QuEChERS method was more effective for clean-up than the modified buffered QuEChERS versions. To improve the clean-up efficiency of the date matrix and extraction recovery of imidacloprid, effective parameters of the dispersive solid phase extraction step of QuEChERS including sorbent type and amount were optimized. The obtained results showed that using single-walled carbon nanotubes led to a much cleaner chromatogram without a significant decrease in the extraction recovery of imidacloprid. Under optimum conditions, the concentration range of the calibration curve was 36-900 µg L-1 with a coefficient of determination of 0.9985 and a limit of detection of 11 µg L-1. The intra- and inter-day accuracy and precision of the proposed method yielded relative recoveries of 93-102% and a relative standard deviation of less than 5%, respectively.

This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of combination therapy based on resilience and mindfulness with cognitive behavioral therapy on job burnout, anxiety, stress, and depression in the staff of Isfahan Regional Electric Company who suffered from a mixed anxiety-depressive disorder. This was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group. In 2021, the statistical universe included the whole male staff of Isfahan Regional Electric Company. 45 employees were selected using a purposeful sampling method based on entry and exit criteria and randomly assigned to one control group and two experimental groups. Maslach's job burnout inventory (MBI) and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) were used to obtain the data. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS-23 and the multivariate covariance test and Tukey’s post hoc procedure. Both applied therapeutic methods (CBT and Combined therapy) reduced anxiety, stress, depression, and burnout significantly in experimental group members. However, post hoc analyses revealed that there was no statistically significant difference between two methods for reducing dependent variables. According to the findings, the resilience and mindfulness-based combination therapy can be used in conjunction with other therapeutic protocols to ameliorate psychological disturbances such as mood and anxiety symptoms as well as job burnout in individuals.

Objective: As economic enterprises that seek to earn a profit, banks collect and accept financial resources from depositors in the form of financial intermediaries. They allocate the resources to economic activities (investors) by providing various facilities. Therefore, banks play a very sensitive and important role in the economic system of a country and have a significant effect in regulating the economic relationships in society. Banks need to pay attention to the accurate allocation of facilities and resources. Accordingly, in today's financial landscape, effective asset and debt management has become a crucial component for the success of banks and other financial institutions. It is now essential to optimize the provision and allocation of financial resources in the banking system to reduce the costs of collecting financial resources and increase income via the distribution of financial resources in the form of various facilities. Introducing a multi-objective mathematical model and considering the limitations of the problem, this study seeks to present a mathematical model for equipping and optimal allocation of financial resources. Methods: After reviewing the literature and previous studies conducted in the field of the research topic, using the opinions of banking experts, the researchers defined the objectives of the study as maximizing the income from the allocation of resources and minimizing the costs from the collection of resources. The first objective was defined to maximize the income from the payment of facilities (allocation of financial resources) and the second objective was defined to minimize the costs of the collection of financial resources (equipment of financial resources). The objectives were determined according to the rules and regulations of the Iran Central Bank as well as the financial regulations governing the business of the Iranian banking system. After defining and coding the model, the problem was solved using meta-heuristic algorithms. Finally, the effectiveness of the algorithms in providing the desired answer was assessed. Due to the NP-HARD nature of the problem, three meta-heuristic algorithms NSGAII, MOPSO, and CUCKOO were chosen to solve the problem. Due to the high efficiency of the MATLAB program, this software was used to perform the coding and calculations. Results: The results of the research indicated that the credit and operational risks of the bank will be reduced in case the banking system's resources are equipped and allocated scientifically. The achieved results from the evaluation of the algorithms confirmed the superiority of the mass particle swarm algorithm (MOPSO) over the other two algorithms. Long calculation time was found to be one of the disadvantages of genetic algorithms. Also, in the evaluation of various indices, the cuckoo algorithm did not demonstrate any significant advantage over the other two algorithms under scrutiny. Conclusion: The results showed that thanks to its optimal allocation of financial resources, the model presented by this study can significantly increase the profitability of banks.

Background: Career interventions include preparing the career for children, including equipping them with the skills, education, and experiences necessary to pursue the goals of the career. Starting this process early is essential because it can help children identify their interests and strengths, set goals, and decide on their future career. Despite the importance of career interventions on career development, there is a research gap in this field regarding children. Aims: The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of career intervention on children's career development. Methods: The current research design was a semi-experimental, pre-test - post-test type with a control group. The statistical population of the research included all male students of the third grade of primary school in the city of Isfahan in the academic year 2022-2023. The statistical sample included 30 people who were selected by cluster-random sampling method and randomly replaced in two groups of 15 people. Intervention sessions based on travel in the world of profession and work (Prideaux et al., 2000) were conducted in 10 sessions of 120 minutes for the participants of the experimental group, but no intervention was conducted for the members of the control group. To collect data, childhood career development scale (Schultheiss & Stead, 2004) was used, and for data analysis, multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) and SPSS26 software were used. Results: The findings of the research showed that career intervention is effective on children's career progress. Covariance analysis of scores of information, curiosity/exploration, sources of control, key figures, time perspective and planning in the studied groups showed that there is a significant difference between the groups (P

Background: Adolescents mainly have problems coping with the changes of adolescence, and in the meantime, most of them suffer from emotional dysregulation. Aims: The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the effect of mode deactivation therapy and emotion regulation on reducing the problems of disordered emotion seeking among adolescent girls. Methods: The method of this research was semi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test design with the control group, among the adolescents who visited Bahroyan, Rayin, and Golestan clinics in Isfahan city, 30 of them who, using the Emotional Regulation Difficulty Questionnaire (Gertz and Romer, 2004) and clinical interview were diagnosed with emotional dysregulation and met the conditions to enter the research, they were selected and placed in three groups (10people) mode deactivation therapy, emotion regulation and control. They received 8 weeks and the people of the control group were placed on the waiting list and did not receive any intervention during this period. The people present in the research answered the above questionnaire again at the end. After that, the data was analyzed using multivariate covariance analysis. Results: The findings showed that both emotion regulation and mode deactivation interventions were effective on the emotional dysregulation of adolescent girls, but the effect of emotion regulation therapy on reducing emotional dysregulation was greater than mode deactivation therapy (P

Cement production in Iran takes place across various geographical locations, each characterized by distinct weather conditions. The technology employed in cement production varies depending on the availability of raw materials, fuel sources, and essential resources like water. Consequently, diverse inputs and outputs assume significance in each production technology, resulting in non-homogeneity among cement factories. Despite these differences, all these facilities are engaged in cement production, warranting a comparative analysis of their efficiency. This study examines the operational processes of five different cement production technologies—dry, semi-dry, humid, semi-humid, and wet slurry—across four companies comprising a total of nine factories. The study evaluates their efficiency between 2017 and 2020 using network data envelopment analysis under non-homogeneous conditions across three modeling stages. An important aspect of this study is its focus on the entire supply chain, from raw materials to the final product. Although the raw materials employed vary among different cement production technologies, the end product remains largely consistent.IntroductionIn certain real-world scenarios, even with similar production technologies, the assumption of homogeneous decision-making units may not hold true. Practical applications often involve supply chain structures that differ significantly from others. For instance, some supply chains may, at certain stages, eject intermediate products to meet specific needs, a phenomenon not universal to all supply chains, resulting in non-homogeneous chains. The cement industry, including Iran, constitutes one of the pivotal economic sectors. Therefore, mitigating shortcomings, including resource and material waste reduction, can have a substantial impact on this industry and consequently on the broader economy. Due to varying climatic conditions, cement production employs diverse technologies, primarily categorized as dry or wet processes. This study investigates the operational processes of five different cement production methods—dry, semi-dry, humid, semi-humid, and wet slurry—across four companies with a total of nine factories. Their performance between 2017 and 2020 is evaluated using network DEA under non-homogeneous conditions, encompassing three modeling stages.Materials and MethodsIn novel approaches, DEA is utilized to assess the performance of network decision-making units. The models typically assume homogeneity among decision-making units, which may not always align with real-world conditions. Practical situations often violate assumptions of unit homogeneity and uniformity in input and output parameters. Consequently, it is imperative to present and employ methods and models capable of accommodating non-homogeneous units. This study employs a scientific library research approach and practical purposive data collection to gather relevant information. This information informs specific adjustments to operational processes. Consequently, the development of a robust system for evaluating supply chain performance becomes essential. The study utilizes common models to evaluate efficiency under non-homogeneous conditions. Classification of operational processes and related data, followed by modeling using Lingo software, is employed in this research.Discussion and Result:This article consists of two parts. Initially, it introduces the fundamental performance evaluation model and subsequently delves into the three-stage model of data envelopment analysis (DEA) within the supply chain context. In the second part, the production processes of Portland cement are examined, covering dry, semi-dry, humid, semi-humid, and wet slurry processes. The proposed approach assesses the performance of four cement production companies over a four-year period. Efficiency calculations for nine factories are conducted in three stages:The first stage consists of three steps as follows:First step: Input and output parameters used across the entire production process are categorized based on the different production methods.Second step: Processes utilizing similar production steps, as determined in the first stage, are grouped into four categories.Third step: Efficiency assessments for factories sharing similar production stages from the previous step are conducted, resulting in the identification of nine categories.Second stage: The efficiency of each category, characterized by a common feature from the previous step, is calculated.Third stage: To determine the overall efficiency of each factory, the efficiencies of individual processes are multiplied.ConclusionsThe results indicate that the fourth cement production company exhibits the highest efficiency, while the first company has the lowest efficiency. Notably, the lowest efficiency for the years 2017 to 2020 was recorded by the first company in 2020, while the fourth company achieved the highest efficiency in the same year. Among the factories, the lowest efficiency was observed in 2017 for the first company's five semi-dry factories, the fourth company's four semi-humid factories in 2018, the fourth company's nine wet slurry factories in 2018, the third company's seven semi-humid factories in 2020, and the fourth company's four semi-humid factories in 2020, which recorded the highest efficiency. Further examination and identification of suitable solutions to enhance efficiency in cases with lower efficiency levels can follow this study.

Background. The birth of a premature baby needing to be hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) endangers the initial mother-baby relationship, affecting mother-baby attachment. Therefore, it seems necessary to provide mothers of premature babies with appropriate nursing support. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of spiritual self-care training on the mother-baby attachment of mothers giving birth to premature babies hospitalized in the NICU. Methods. This was a semi-experimental study with pre-test/post-test design conducted on 60 mothers with babies admitted to the NICU of Taleghani Hospital of Ilam (30 participants in each of the intervention and control groups).Two questionnaires were used for data collection, including a demographic information questionnaire and the Maternal Postnatal Attachment Scale (MPAS). Five self-care training sessions (45 minutes each) were held for mothers of the intervention group according to a self-care booklet prepared by the researcher. The attachment questionnaire was again completed after one week of the last training sessions by all participants, and the data were analyzed using SPSS version 22 software. Descriptive statistics were used to present quantitative (mean ±SD) and qualitative (frequency, %) variables. The normality of the data was checked using the Kolmogorov Smirnov test, and the MANOVA and univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) tests were used to investigate the effects of the training on mother-baby attachment. The statistical significance level was considered P

Background and Aims: Nowadays, the use of energizing substances has become a complex complicated problem in sports and causes damage to various tissues., on the other hand However, sports activity has a significant impact on controlling and improving oxidative stress factors and inflammatory indicators. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of eight- weeks of resistance training on lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde [MDA]MDA) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in the heart tissue of rats exposed to stanazol. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 24 male rats with a weight range of 150-200 g and a mean age of 8 weeks were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups (n=6 each), namely 1) control (C), 2) sham (Sh), 3) consumption of stanazol (S), and 4) consumption of stanazol together with resistance training (S+RT). During eight weeks, both groups of 3 and 4 received 5 mg/kg stanazol intraperitoneally daily; however, group 4 performed resistance training three times a week with an intensity of 30%-100% of their body weight. A one-way variance analysis and Tukey's post hoc test were used to analyze the data (P

Competition is an interaction between a species’ members or different species under the ecological needs to use the same resources. The present research aimed to quantify the competition in a mixed stand in the Arasbaran forest. Sampling was a distance method. The diameter at breast height, total tree height, two diameters of the tree's crown, and the distance of the trees were measured (one tree as the target and four neighboring as the competing trees). Data was analyzed using the distance-dependent and distance-independent competition indices. The results showed that the distance indices value were 0.29 to 31.71 and distance-independent indices were 0.94 to 4.43. There was a significant negative correlation between the stand quantitative characteristics and the distance between trees with the value of distance indices in most cases. The correlation between canopy diameter and area with distance indices was positive and significant, but with distance-independent indices was slight and not significant. Competition quantification in mixed stands will provide to know the relationship between the amount of competition and the quantitative characteristics. Consequently, and can provide knowledge for silvicultural treatments, and forest management strategies to balance the competition level in natural stands to reach the desired mixed structure.

Background and purpose: Acute hepatitis is an acute inflammation of liver cells that can occur due to viral, bacterial, fungal, and medicinal causes. This study investigated the final diagnosis of inpatients with the initial diagnosis of acute hepatitis in Qaemshahr Razi Hospital. Materials and methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, the medical records of all patients (n=120) admitted with the initial diagnosis of acute hepatitis in 2014-2019 were studied. Data, including demographic information, clinical signs, and laboratory test results were obtained and analyzed in SPSS V21. Results: The patients were 120 and there were significant differences between place of residence, family history, previous history of hepatitis, blood transfusion, smoking and drugs, alcohol, high-risk sexual relationships, and having HIV (P

Water pollution with petroleum products is one of the serious environmental problems in Iran. According to the importance of this issue, refining benzene by bio-absorbent has attracted much attention in recent years. The maximum permissible limit assigned by World Health Organization (WHO) for benzene in drinking water is 0.001 mg/L. In recent years, attempts made to develop inexpensive adsorbents utilizing abundant natural materials. Agricultural waste materials often employed as adsorbent may have potential marketing preference for wastewater treatment among other adsorbent types due to the low cost, environmentally friendly, naturally accessible, and efficiency. The objective of this study was to investigate the removal of benzene by batch and continuous techniques. In this study, the ash cone pine (APC) was used for the removal of benzene from aqueous solutions and its ability as an adsorbent, while the variable initial concentration of benzene, the amount of adsorbent, contact time, temperature, and pollutant's solution pH were investigated. Langmuirand and Freundlich Isotherm models were fitted to benzene adsorption equilibrium data. Kinetic models including pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, intra-particle diffusion, and power function were used to describe kinetic data of benzene adsorption. The results showed that optimum benzene adsorption was observed at pH=7, and the optimum amount of adsorbent was 0.1 g. The observed equilibrium time was 10 minutes. The equilibrium adsorption capacities were 366 mg/g at 2000 mg/L initial benzene concentration. Linear and non-linear isotherm studies showed that equilibrium data better fitted the Langmuir isotherm model. Kinetic studies showed better applicability of the pseudo-second-order kinetics model. Column adsorption experiments were performed to check the absorbent performance during continuously injecting benzene solution into the adsorbent column until the adsorbent has been saturated to complete the studies on the introduced adsorbent. The results for columns with continuous inflow indicated that the maximum capacity of adsorption of benzene for the adsorbent column with a diameter of 3cm, and input concentration of 1000 mg/L, and an input rate of 100 mL/h for ash cone pine (APC) was 295 mg/g. The results of this experiment showed that APC has a high capability for the removal of benzene from aqueous solutions.

The aim of the present study was to develop a model of disruptive mood dysregulation symptoms based on parental metallization, child's attachment and temperament in children aged six to twelve years in Isfahan city. It included all children from six to twelve years old in Isfahan, 401 of whom were selected and evaluated in a non-random and voluntary manner. The measurement tools included disruptive mood disorder, reflective behavior, attachment, and middle childhood temperament questionnaire. In order to analyze the data, statistical methods of correlation coefficient, general fit indices and comparative indices were used to check the proposed model. The results of the model showed that in a multivariate space, confidence in mental states, interest and curiosity in mental states, secure attachment, insecure attachment and temperamental characteristics predicted the variance of disruptive mood disorder symptoms. Also parents' mentalization, child's attachment to parents and child's temperament predicted symptoms of disruptive mood disorder in children. It is suggested that by designing psychological interventions based on mentalization and temper control training for parents, the symptoms of disruptive mood disorder in children can be reduced and moderated.

IntroductionThe fundamental problem that has always been paid attention to in the history of thought is that 1- What is the relationship between subject and object? 2- How can we pass from subject to object and know the internal structure of the objective world? The answer to this epistemological problem in the modern period caused extensive changes in the system of thought, and out of it came rationalism, empiricism, and idealism. To explain the mentioned ratio, some like the materialists put the principle as a material object and consider everything, especially the knowledge system, to be explainable based on it. On the other hand, subjective idealism puts the subject first instead of emphasizing the object and bases the explanation of the empirical world on the concept in Kant and rational intuition in Fichte. In both of them, the knowledge system was based on a hard ground that made knowledge as a whole possible by transcending the knowledge system itself. But Hegel took on a completely different role in the Phenomenology of Spirit. 1. by considering the concept as fundamental in the knowledge system, 2. giving it an ontological aspect due to its connection with the object-in-itself, 3. making it fluid from the stage of abstract substance to the stage of the actual subject, he introduced the concept as the absolute with its movement from the potential stage to the actual stage, it determines the subject and the object and harmonizes existence and thought as a system and a dialectical whole. With this work, Hegel was able to rule out elitism in the system of science, and by knowing the concept and its connection with the absolute as fundamental, he reconciled the absolute knowledge with the conventional view and revealed it to everyone. In this article, the author tries to present a concrete interpretation of the system of knowledge in Hegel's thought by focusing on the "concept" according to the preface of the phenomenology of the soul. For this purpose, the author deals with the position of the concept and the explanation of its structure in the phenomenology of the soul under the following nine titles: the position of the concept in the phenomenology of the soul; prior concepts and the beginning of the phenomenology of the soul from essence as nothing; Hegel's critical stance towards instrumentalization of consciousness; the concept and passing from the phenomenal field to the realm of the object in itself; the concept in motion, the ontological foundation of the world; Hegel and the two-way reflection of thought and existence; experience and its extension to the object itself; Hegel's criticism of elitism in the knowledge system through the negation of rational intuition; Hegel's system of knowledge is the only way for subjective idealism to escape from skepticism.ConclusionIn short, Hegel is trying to define existence and knowledge as a system through a concrete understanding of the concept and its historical and existential development and make thought and existence compatible with each other. In order to turn the knowledge system into something concrete, Hegel changes the foundation of science from fixed transcendental matters to a mediated and negative concept by negating prior concepts and intellectual intuition. In this view, instead of starting from prior and fixed things, which is the condition of knowledge of the concept of the world, science starts from a concept that is considered empty and abstract in the first stage. In this way, knowledge does not start from a definite and actual matter, but from a concept whose only determination is the power and ability to become absolute. According to Hegel, it is this concept that, through its inner negation, dismantles each particle of its former world after another particle and silently matures in a new form. With this statement, Hegel negates any first fixed point that is outside the movement of the concept and conceptual knowledge is based on it, and in this way, everything is determined and known within the concept in motion. This is where Hegel finds the ability to eliminate any dark spots in the history of consciousness and by clarifying the absolute for everyone, destroys the foundation of elitism that Fichte and Schelling's rational intuitions emphasized. Also, by ontologicalizing the concept and relating it to the object-in-itself, Hegel escapes from the skepticism that plagues mental idealism to escape from skepticism.