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Copyright of Law Studies Journal / Revista Novos Estudos Juridicos is the property of Novos Estudos Juridicos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Textual is the property of Universidad Autonoma Chapingo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: to identify how and when the open government principles, specifically transparency, participation, and collaboration, are being incorporated into the public policy cycle phases in local governments. Theoretical framework: theories related to public policy analysis and open government. Method: a single case study with an incorporated focus on the open government initiative of the São Paulo City Hall, where three distinct public policies were analyzed from a theoretical-analytical framework built by integrating the approach of the public policy cycle with the three open government principles. Results: the study showed that in none of the analyzed policies there was the full incorporation of these principles in the five phases of the policy cycle and that little progress was made regarding the requirements for them to be considered open policies. Conclusions: the study contributes to narrowing the theoreticalmethodological gap concerning the effectiveness of open government initiatives. The method offers conditions to be applied in different realities and can be used in future research to better understand how open government principles are being incorporated into public policies of governments that have signed open government commitments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The location of Higher Artistic Education institutions in the European Higher Education Area (EHEA) is still to be completed after ten years of implementation. The academic literature and those responsible for management agree on the hypothesis that current Spanish legislation prevents the development of three essential aspects: institutional autonomy, the development of research and the equalisation of the rights of students and teaching staff with those of the rest of the university community. This article presents the results of the analysis of the content of the legislation, of the policies developed by the State Government and by the autonomous governments of three territories (Galicia, Andalusia and Catalonia), of which 3 centres are studied, with the aim of comparing the effects of the policies on the rights of students, teaching staff and the centres themselves. The resulting data will allow the development of new policies to serve the needs of the education system. The work suggests that schools in the EHEA, in general, are prepared to deal with the issues of student rights. The work suggests that the EE.AA.SS. schools, in general, are ready to face the challenge. In order to make the proposal, we have taken as a reference different European institutions that present successful models of higher education institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Estudos Urbanos e Regionais is the property of Associacao Nacional de Pos-Graduacao e Pesquisa em Planejamento Urbano e Regional and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

For decades, feminism has driven a gender equality agenda in development policies. Decolonial and intersectional feminisms, for example, have played an anti-racist and anti-colonial agenda. Women's demands have found different degrees of incorporation into international plans, such as the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In this scenario, this work compared gender equality in the MDGs and the SDGs to analyze their advances and challenges in the face of the gender mainstreaming agenda and intersectional and decolonial demands. Documental research was carried out on the objectives, targets, and results of the MDGs and the objectives and targets of the SDGs. The results indicate that the SDGs are more ambitious than the MDGs by adopting a broader and more transversal approach to gender equality. However, there are important gaps in operationalizing an approach to gender inequalities that considers the intersections of different forms of discrimination that affect different groups of women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dropout in higher education is a matter of global interest, and several policies were created to encourage students to stay in universities. This article aimed to identify patterns of evaluation of student retention policies in higher education through a systematic literature review, selecting 39 documents from Scopus, Sage Journals, Web of Science, Google academic, and CAPES Periodicals. Regarding evaluation forms, the results indicated the predominance of analyses on the effects of policies on dropout. However, some studies evaluated students' performance and time to graduation. Research works were mostly applied in public university environments, which indicates a scarcity of scientific production about private educational institutions. As for the formats of permanence policies, the literature pointed out four types of aid with different natures: financial, assistance, based on academic merit, and by criteria of students' need/vulnerability. Based on the research, it was proposed that the evaluation of permanence policies should be threefold, considering permanence, performance, and time until graduation. Among the gaps in the literature, comparative studies between the types of policies were highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Universitas, Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas is the property of Universidad Politecnica Salesiana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Sustainability in Debate / Sustentabilidade em Debate is the property of University of Brasilia, Center for Sustainable Development and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Textual is the property of Universidad Autonoma Chapingo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Despite being launched in 2011, the social impact bond (SIB) is an instrument under development that faces numerous challenges. This article presents the characteristics of SIBs and challenges related to their implementation as mechanisms to finance public projects with a social purpose. After a bibliographical and documentary review, three international cases of SIBs that have completed their maturity cycles, relevant for critical analysis of possible projects in Brazil, were selected. Ethical, methodological, metrics, results, and actor networks are analyzed in the three SIBs. Implications for projects in Brazil were considered from the analysis of these international cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Meta: Avaliação is the property of Revista Meta: Avaliacao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Meta: Avaliação is the property of Revista Meta: Avaliacao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study is based on constructs of the ANTi-History approach. It aims to (re)assemble the multiple historical versions that performed in time and space in the artistic organization of Salão de Abril, an art exhibition in the municipality of Fortaleza, Brazil. Salão de Abril is currently one of the main local public policies for arts, with more than 70 years of existence. The historical methodology was based on the collection of documents and the compilation of the research archive. In the analysis of historiographical writing, the study identified four historical passages showing associations of different actors in a network. The political character of the exhibition’s organization was emphasized when presenting alternatives for the versions of a past that reverberate, today, in the relations with the spaces of the city and in the public policies mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article offers a brief reflection on the nature of research and development (R&D) investment in Brazil, contributing to advancing the debate on this topic. R&D is one of the bases of innovation and productivity, and since 1999 Brazil has consistently increased investment in this area. However, this effort has yielded limited results, suggesting that supplying sufficient resources must be accompanied by effective implementation strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agribusiness has never left the scene and, in recent decades, there are no setbacks, it is expanding towards the Cerrado, the Amazon and the Pantanal. Always deforesting and eliminating what prevents and questions its unrestrained growth. After all, for there to be expansion it is necessary to have available territories (often treated as idle, empty) to be appropriated. This was the case in the heyday of the so-called progressive governments, which benefited from the commodity boom and continues today in the midst of a time of economic, political, health and social crisis. However, we live in a particular moment: the COVID-19 pandemic, which has been plaguing the entire globe since the beginning of 2020 and which is used by the Brazilian government to "passar a boiada". Thus, the objective of this article is to point out elements that allow reflection on how the government of Jair Messias Bolsonaro (without a party) in such a short term has strongly impacted the agrarian and environmental issue. This text comprises the presentation of number 58 of Revista NERA, which has ten important contributions on the complexity and multiscale nature of the agrarian question. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Educação is the property of EDIPUCRS - Editora Universitaria da PUCRS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Turismo em Análise is the property of Revista Turismo em Analise and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista @mbienteeducação is the property of Nucleo de Publicacoes Institucionais and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Labor relations in self-managed organizations, regulated by Brazilian Federal law No 12,690 of July 19, 2012, are different from organizations governed by CLT and RJU. Self-managed organizations need a worker health and safety service adapted to their characteristics, capabilities and limitations. The article aims to propose a service model of attention to health and safety of workers applicable in cooperatives of collectors of recyclable materials. Based on a socioeconomic profile of waste pickers from 12 organizations studied, the characteristics of these organizations and a bibliographic survey of health care and worker safety service models developed for these organizations, an analysis was made of the applicability of these models in these organizations. The results showed that these service models, despite presenting characteristics of a health care and worker safety model, do not fully meet the demand of these organizations, making it necessary to develop a proposal whose fundamentals aim to meet the needs identified in the situation of vulnerability of this population of workers, resulting from health conditions, permeated by work and environmental conditions. The proposed model seeks to contemplate relevant characteristics such as self-management, cooperativism, health promotion, the training of workers in environmental health, and environmental education, as it allows the creation of an environment of interlocutions and political conformations with government agencies, and investments of these organizations, in the acquisition collective and individual protection equipment, in the training of its members, and in the prevention of accidents and occupational diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years on Chile, we have seen an increase in public politics related to gender identity, in the attempt to provide solutions to the problem that it means for trans identities to develop in a social and political-administrative structure that excludes them. In this context, this paper proposes a problematization of the legislative discourses about the state management of the trans conflict, in order to analyze what have been the new modalities of the integration of sexually dissident identities, how they have been configured, and what implications they have for the Chilean socio-political scene. This research is based on the approaches of legal sociology, feminist and governmentality theory. The methodology used was a documentary research and the critical discourse analysis, of all documents officially issued by the executive and the legislative branch of Chile between 2007 and 2017. The main results of this research point to biomedical science as the epistemological paradigm from which legislative discourses are based. On the other hand, an ideological matrix is identified based on a linear causal relationship, between sex-genderbody, as an axiom of the hegemonic conception concerning the trans problematic. In that sense, we have evidenced how government strategies have delimited those sexual identities that put binary taxonomy in tension, under the frameworks of the intelligibility same conceptual matrix that excludes them, and with this, they have configured new modalities of standardization. This is key for the reconfiguration of an exclusionary citizenship, insofar as the socio-sexual norms that define the emerging notions of the figure of the citizen are institutionalized, evidencing that is framed in the borders of non-being to all corporality that does not manifest under the margins of intelligibility imposed by the scientific-colonial logic and the political-administrative structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pesquisa em Educação Ambiental is the property of Pesquisa em Educacao Ambiental and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pesquisa em Educação Ambiental is the property of Pesquisa em Educacao Ambiental and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

From the point of view of the concept of decent work, current paper discusses labor modalities practiced in the Amazon region and their results for the laborers' dignity. The theoretical, normative, bibliographical and documental research, based on Brito Filho, discusses whether the labor situation in the Amazon complies with the concept of decent work as provided in the Brazilian Constitution and based on the International Labor Organization. The essay is divided into five parts: Introduction; decent labor and its importance for the protection of human dignity, labor modalities that fail to respect decent work; discussion on policies that aid in overcoming precarious labor; conclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current paper evaluates aspects of democracy and social participation in public policies. Discussion comprises the possibility of social participation in all stages of public policies, coupled to the hypothesis of the same in all phases. Public policies are analyzed through concepts and aspects with regard to contents. Democracy, citizenship and the need of social participation will be investigated. Hypothesis of participation in all stages will be analyzed by means of bibliographical and documentary reviews through a qualitative approach by employing Brazilian and international bibliography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Neighbors' meetings" are events organized by the Buenos Aires City Government (GCBA) during which the mayor talks to local residents in a specific neighborhood. Particular ways of producing 'participation' take place during these events, and "neighbors" are defined as a community of reference that will orientate governmental policies, both through discursive and non-discursive practices. This paper thus analyzes "Neighbors' meetings" in the city of Buenos Aires in order to understand the meanings of 'participation', as fostered by GCBA, and how it works as a "moral regulation" device. In addition, the article seeks to clarify how the political identity of the ruling PRO party permeates it's participatory initiatives. As a consequence, we will also refer to other participatory policies by the GCBA. This article is based on ethnographic fieldwork carried out in a Buenos Aires district [comuna] between March 2016 and July 2017 as well as on interviews with public officials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cadernos de Pesquisa is the property of Fundacao Carlos Chagas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The incidence of paper mills in the Três Lagoas region, as of 2009, brought a series of commitments and consequences to the settlers of the agrarian reform. With the offer of unlimited tax exemptions, public financing through BNDES and other industrial development programs and projects, the industries established and started the processes for the duplication of their industrial plants. Already, the settlers are at the mercy, therefore, can not obtain access to investments, nor to the financing of public banks and other development agencies. In this perspective, the only source of financing for family agricultural production ends up being the paper mills themselves, through their PDS - sustainable development plans and programs. Only in the settlement where the research was given there are 181 lots, but less than 20 were benefited by the financing. In this sense, the form and the model of financing, the speed and volume of resources contributed are at the absolute and exclusive discretion of the own pulleys, which has social and economic repercussions among the settlers, creating as a zone of imprisonment of the settlers to the paper, here called cages of paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ensaio: Avaliação e Políticas Públicas em Educação is the property of Ensaio: Avaliacao e Politicas Publicas em Educacao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ensaio: Avaliação e Políticas Públicas em Educação is the property of Ensaio: Avaliacao e Politicas Publicas em Educacao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The main goal of the present study was to analyze tourism governance along Costa Doce, a region formed by 20 municipalities in Rio Grande do Sul offering different tourism routes through a local productive arrangement (LPA). Characterized as a case study, the descriptive, exploratory and qualitative research involved bibliographic review of public tourism policies, tourism regionalization in Brazil and tourism governance. A Google Forms questionnaire was filled in by members of the productive arrangement. The data collection instrument, adapted from Arnhold Junior (2017) involved 52 variables divided into 15 analytical categories. The main results indicate that tourism governance actors accept partnerships being established through public policies, mainly for improving the quality of tourism-related services. In the general ranking of analyzed categories, monitoring of results is the most critical point. The main contribution of the research consisted in a pilot study by which a tourism governance assessment instrument developed by Arnhold Junior was tested in the region. In conclusion, despite highlighting such partnerships, the local arrangement did not correspond to the partnership established with the University for the assessment of tourism governance, which would have the benefit of identifying tourism governance categories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates whether the performance of credit unions that offer microcredit in Brazil was affected by the advent of Crescer - the National Microcredit Program. This research fills a gap in the literature because few papers investigate credit unions that work with microcredit and also the effects of governmental interventions related to microcredit operations. Studies of this type may help evaluate the impact of governmental interventions on the performance of the institutions that are directly or indirectly affected. Our results add to the debate about microcredit and about the inclusion of credit unions in this market. In particular, our evidence may influence the design of public policies and the strategies of microfinance institutions, which typically combine economic and social objectives. Based on the literature, we calculate fifteen indicators for each credit union, related to their financial and social performance. The inferences are based on the implementation of the difference in differences estimator using the advent of Crescer, in 2011, as the exogenous event of interest and including in the control group the credit unions that did not provide microcredit loans throughout the sample period. This research presents evidence that the volume of clients and microcredit operations performed by Brazilian credit unions was positively affected by regulatory changes that took place in 2011, consistently with the objectives of the governmental intervention. The evidence also suggests that the governmental intervention did not harm the financial sustainability of the credit unions. The main changes are: a substantial reduction of interest rates and transaction costs, the implementation of subsidies to participants in the program, and a push for public banks to enhance their supply of productive and oriented microcredit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pesquisa em Educação Ambiental is the property of Pesquisa em Educacao Ambiental and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Interface - Comunicação, Saúde, Educação is the property of Fundacao UNI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Interface - Comunicação, Saúde, Educação is the property of Fundacao UNI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Social mix, in general terms, denotes the social diversity of a certain geographic area, being this economic, racial, ethnic, cultural, etc. Social mix is an old and persistent ideal of planning (marked by normative pretensions), has been achieved through different means, has been proposed to reach a wide variety of goals, and has been used interchangeably to refer to concepts like 'integration', 'mixed-income communities', 'poverty deconcentration', 'balanced communities', etc. There has been abundant literature from the 1990s, to the extent that it is one of the most researched topics in urban studies. At present, the discussion on social mix revolves around five key concepts: contact hypothesis, social networks, social control, role models, and geographies of opportunity. In Chile, from 2006 there have been social mix policies, with the expectation that physical proximity between different social groups could facilitate integration. In this article we review the concept of social mix from a historical and comparative perspective, and then we study Chilean policies under the five mentioned concepts, showing the low efficacy that these projects have had in meeting the proposed goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to identify areas of high social vulnerability in Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua, in 2010. The methodology consists in the elaboration of an index of social vulnerability through the use of principle characteristics, exploratory analysis of spatial data and the creation of a spatial regression model. Variables were developed based on information from the XIII general population and housing census conducted in 2010 and subdivided according to geostatistical areas (AGEB). The results show the presence of highly vulnerable social groups (high-high) around the central and northwest areas of the city, with sociodemographic variables acting as the main drivers for vulnerability. These findings may serve as a powerful tool for the generation of public policies as it identifies highly vulnerable areas, thus enabling the proper implementation of social programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study seeks to analyze the operation of the Campina Grande Municipal Shelter - CAMCG, from the point of view of women in situations of violence sheltered, in care, and out of the unit. The study used the qualitative approach and the instruments for data collection were documentary research and semi-structured interviews with sheltered and outgoing. The results evidenced the presence of all types of violence and shame, fear and humiliation are feelings that are found in almost all the stories. The work carried out by the shelter ensures safety and protection of sheltered women's lives, in contrast, the reports identify a questioning in the sense that shelter is understood as imprisonment and, thus, represent for the sheltered an unfair inversion between aggressor-assaulted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At all stages of the public policy cycle, the importance of various stakeholders can be verified, either by approving, influencing, implementing, monitoring or helping to modify actions and decisions. Considering that the stakeholder analysis aims at determining the relevance of the stakeholders in a project or policy, the objective of this article is to map the stakeholders involved in the formulation process of the National Program for Access to Technical Teaching and Employment (Pronatec) and to understand the performance and their influence on the process. The qualitative research method was used, through content analysis of formal documents and interviews with program managers. From the mapping of the stakeholders, they were classified according to the model of Savage and collaborators (1991), whose result revealed the potential of each stakeholder to threaten or collaborate with the program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research uses a multiple case study approach to assess theoretical propositions from transaction costs economics, the theory of incentives, and the theory of incomplete contracts. The Poupatempo and the Unidades de Atendimento Integrado (UAI), which are two major Brazilian regional citizen service centers, were the cases selected based on an unusual opportunity: the parallel occurrence of two different arrangements of public-private partnership, applied to the same public service. Poupatempo has expanded its network of units since 2007 by building partnerships through outsourcing, whereas UAI has applied the Brazilian legal framework for public-private partnership to develop its services. This multiple case study is based on a contractual analysis that identifies the partnerships' formal incentives and on an examination of private agents' performance. Also, subsidiary semi-structured interviews allowed the observation of non-contractual variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article uses a case study to analyze the actions of ruling classes and social movement organizations in urban politics. The study observes these groups' disputes and interactions with the state, and how different strategies, actions, and political projects of the subaltern classes have influenced the orientation of urban development. In a broad time-scale approach, the article discusses relations of hegemony, the process of institutionalization of movements, disputes in society and within the state, and the heterogeneity of the political projects that guide the subaltern classes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Agricultura Sociedad y Desarrollo is the property of Colegio de Postgraduados and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agricultura Sociedad y Desarrollo is the property of Colegio de Postgraduados and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Equidad y Desarrollo is the property of Equidad y Desarrollo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objetives: to determine the factors that have contributed to the expansion in the international activities of the subnational actors and to identify the issues that prevail in the relations between the Canadian provinces and the subnational states of North America. Likewise, to identify the strategies and mechanisms that favor the relationships between these subnational governments. Methodology: the qualitative methodological strategy comprises of two dimensions: the first focuses on the factors which explain these dynamics and on the conceptual revision to refer to the transnational activities of subnational governments in North America, in particular the paradiplomacy. The second one examines official information, reports and publications from national and subnational governments in the region. Subsequently, the international activities of these governments were examined to determine their nature, characteristics and objectives. Results: it was highlighted that the international activities of subnational governments are linked to economic development and to issues such as the environment, natural resources, sustainable development, security, culture, education, science and technology. They are carried out through institutional deliberation and decision-making forums, international offices and cooperation agreements. Conclusions: subnational governments contribute to the governance of North America, through the formulation of regional public policies to face common challenges. The agreements are limited in the areas of jurisdiction of the subnational governments and, at the same time, they show/disclose a certain degree of autonomy with respect to the central government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses the factors that condition the public expenditure preferences of citizens in Spain. It focuses on the role that individuals' economic motivations, ideology and values play in forming these preferences. Two theories were selected for this purpose: self-interest theory and symbolic predispositions. An empirical analysis showed that demographic and economic characteristics such as citizens' ideology and values influence how specific demands for public spending are articulated. In addition, the best predictors of the preferences in each public spending programmes are identified. The conclusion is that the impact of self-interest and symbolic predispositions varies significantly depending on the nature of the different public policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)