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Perbezaan pemikiran, kefahaman dan interpretasi undang-undang serta kesan daripada perkahwinan di bawah umur membawa kepada perbahasan dalam kalangan masyarakat di Malaysia. Meskipun wujud had umur minimum yang diperuntukkan, namun undang-undang tersebut dilihat tidak relevan untuk diaplikasikan pada masa kini merujuk kepada implikasi perkahwinan di bawah umur yang lebih memberi kemudaratan kepada kanak-kanak terutamanya dari sudut kesihatan dan pendidikan. Jesteru itu, artikel ini akan membincangkan kedudukan perkahwinan kanak-kanak menurut perspektif Syariah dan perundangan di Malaysia. Artikel ini turut membincangkan kedudukan perkahwinan kanak-kanak di bawah Matlamat Pembangunan Mampan (SDGs) serta implikasi perkahwinan tersebut kepada diri kanak-kanak dari sudut hak kesihatan dan pendidikan. Metodologi kajian kualitatif iaitu kajian perpustakaan digunakan dengan menganalisis dokumen primer dan sekunder seperti kitab turath, Akta dan Enakmen Negeri-Negeri serta penulisan akademik di dalam jurnal. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa wujudnya peruntukan berkaitan perkahwinan kanak-kanak di bawah umur namun perincian secara jelas dan spesifik mengenai alasan dan faktor yang perlu diambil kira dalam memberikan kebenaran bagi perkahwinan tersebut tidak dinyatakan. Selain itu, artikel ini juga mendapati wujudnya implikasi negatif terhadap hak kesihatan dan hak pendidikan kanak-kanak hasil perkahwinan di bawah umur. Maka, artikel ini mencadangkan supaya pemurnian peruntukan sedia ada dan peningkatan kesedaran masyarakat tentang perkahwinan di bawah umur melalui pendidikan perlu di lakukan demi menjaga kemaslahatan kanak-kanak.

The issue of English language teaching among preschool teachers, without adequately considering the alternative approaches they have already implemented, necessitates exploratory research into their instructional practices. This qualitative study, employing a single case study design and purposive sampling of twelve preschool teachers, seeks to investigate the implementation practices and underlying rationales for English language teaching in Sarawak preschools. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, classroom observations, and document analysis at multiple preschool locations across the southern, central, and northern regions of Sarawak. Subsequent analysis using NVIVO 12 software revealed two primary themes that align with the study's objectives: (1) the implementation of English language teaching methods and (2) the use of English language learning strategies. To ensure the rigor and accuracy of the findings, the study used strategies for validity and reliability, including peer review, participant validation, audit trails, and triangulation. The implications of this research offer critical insights for relevant agencies in recognizing and understanding the realities of English language teaching practices and the beliefs held by preschool teachers in Sarawak. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Involvement in community activities is one of the indicators of successful reintegration of exprisoners. Factors such as social stigma and social support are often said to influence this involvement. This paper aims to assess the relationship between social stigma, social support, and involvement in community activities among ex-prisoners. A quantitative study design using a survey method was employed. A total of 250 ex-prisoners in the Klang Valley were recruited to respond to a questionnaire consisting of three instruments: the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), the Social Stigma Scale, and the Community Activity Involvement Scale. The study found a significant positive relationship between social support and involvement in community activities. Conversely, there was a significant negative relationship between social stigma and involvement in community activities, as well as social support for ex-prisoners. Specific intervention programs need to be developed to reduce social stigma and enhance social support for ex-prisoners. Collaboration among all stakeholders is crucial to strategically reduce recidivism rates and ensure successful reintegration of ex-prisoners into society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, innovation and creativity are the buzz words in the galore of not only business but also education. The need to foster creativity and innovation has long been a priority in the educational and corporate spheres. The steps in the implementation of creative pedagogy among CITRA students of the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia are related to the belief that creativity can be nurtured, understanding of creativity needs to be enhanced, and the need to reflect on teaching and learning practices. The objectives of this study were to identify students’ perceptions of whether lecturers’ teaching stimulated their creativity; and to identify the teaching methods that help foster student creativity. Sample design consists of 94 university students from various levels and areas of specialization from three selected CITRA courses. The data were collected through questionnaires with 37 items and four constructs: Incentives to new ideas, Climate for Idea Learning, Assessment Methods and Teaching and Interest on student learning. The data were analysed through SPSS. The study found that the topic presentation and group discussion are the best teaching and learning methods that can enhance creativity among students. Besides that, the findings of this study show a very little difference between teaching and learning practices of creativity before and after intervention. This slight difference shows that various efforts should be made to enhance the lecturers’ ability to teach creativity across the curriculum in the coming semester. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultraviolet type C (UVC) radiation have germicidal properties commonly used to disinfect surfaces. Objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of UVC radiation for decontamination of surgical mask. Antimicrobial testing using UVC radiation on mask that were inoculated with pathogens were conducted at different exposure time, which were 10, 30, 50, and 60 seconds. Pathogens tested are Acinetobacter baumanii, Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella aerogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Influenza A dan B viruses. Exposure of mask toward UVC radiation resulting in 99.9% of reduction in all pathogens tested except P. aeruginosa. This study showed that UVC radiation can be use for decontamination of mask. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Educating and raising children with autism is very challenging. Parents need to sacrifice a lot of money, energy and time to meet the needs of children with autism. Parents who are unable to meet the needs of children with autism are more likely to experience burnout. Many studies have focused on children with autism, but not many have looked in depth at burnout and social support among parents of children with autism. This study aims to explore the factors that cause burnout and examine forms of social support among parents of children with autism. This study uses a qualitative approach and phenomenological methods to understand and describe the experiences of parents of children with autism. A total of 10 informants were involved and this study uses purposive sampling techniques and in-depth interviewing methods. The data was then analysed using thematic analysis techniques. There are five main factors that cause burnout among parents of children with autism, namely household income, awareness and involvement of parents, living environment, behaviour of children with autism and acceptance of children with autism. The results of the study also found that forms of social support can be divided into two - tangible and intangible. This study concludes that parents need to be given comprehensive support and provided with detailed information regarding the care of children with autism to reduce the tendency of burnout. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The readiness of mathematics teachers for changes in the education system is important in determining the success of a reform. However, teachers tend to stick to traditional approaches and lack confidence in diversifying their teaching methods. Furthermore, the literature that focuses on the concept of mathematics teachers' readiness to face challenges is still limited. Therefore, this study applies a qualitative approach to explore and comprehensively understand the readiness of mathematics teachers to accept and implement changes in education. This study primarily collects data through in-depth interviews with four experts teachers selected through purposive sampling. An interview protocol was developed for the purpose of guiding the questions that will be asked of the study participants. The study data were analyzed thematically using ATLAS.ti24 software. The study's findings show that all four participants understand and are aware of the readiness of mathematics teachers. Nevertheless, the main issues and challenges of the identified pedagogical aspects relate to the reality of mastery of teaching skills. The majority of study participants believe that the readiness of mathematics teachers also influences pedagogy-related issues. In this context, knowledge and skills can enhance the readiness of mathematics teachers. The study's implications offer valuable insights to mathematics teachers, enabling them to enhance the quality of their teaching over time. For stakeholders, the planning and implementation of a curriculum can be reviewed so that it meet needs and achieve alignment with national education policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heresy is a phenomenon that is becoming more and more worrying among society in Malaysia today. This phenomenon not only undermines belief, but it can also divide society with deviant practices. This article aims to examine the causes of the appearance of the heresy of The Hulk, the characteristics that distinguish the heresy of The Hulk, as well as the method of spreading the teachings of The Hulk to society. This article uses case study and content analysis as data collection methods. Analysis of findings using thematic and descriptive analysis. The results of the study show that Si Hulk's teachings use products as an agent of spreading teachings and the use of social media to spread the activities of this group. The implications of the study show that the teachings of The Hulk must be curbed so that the public is not deceived by the distortions that are spread. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The performance of candidates in Faraid within the Shariah subjects of the Malaysian Higher Secondary School Certificate (STPM) from 2016 to 2022 remains moderately low. In addition, the lack of STPM Shariah-specific textbooks and portable STPM Faraid learning resources compared to subjects heightens the concern. Therefore, this study aims to identify the need to develop a Faraid M-learning model for Shariah subjects at the STPM level. Three teachers and three lecturers have been selected as experts for systematic interviews. This study used a qualitative approach: interviews (semi-structured questions) and was analyzed thematically using Nvivo version 29. Based on the interview analysis, experts agreed on the need to develop the STPM Faraid M-learning model. The views proposed by all the experts are displayed based on three main themes: (1) the model of need, (2) the importance of the contribution of Faraid M-learning for Shariah subjects at the STPM level, and (3) the consensus reached to develop a model according to several proposed constructs. The interviewed experts insisted that the developed model should be used as a guide for STPM students to grasp information quickly and easily. The analysis enables the researcher to progress with the study related to the design and development phase of the DDR model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies on repeated audit in Malaysia is limited due to the confidentiality of information. This creates a gap between tax administration practices and public knowledge regarding tax audit cases, particularly among micro, small, and mediumsized enterprises (MSMEs). According to Inland Revenue Board of Malaysia (IRBM), repeated audits are audit activities conducted on the same company more than once within a five-year period. Repeated audit is a significant issue for IRBM as it impacts on the operational costs and reflects a high level of non-compliance among companies. IRBM reports indicate that repetitive audits are most frequently conducted on SMEs motor companies. Therefore, this study aims to identify the tax avoidance strategies of MSMEs motor companies through common audit adjustments, their characteristics, and the frequency of repeated audits within a period of five years. This is the result of a descriptive study using tax audit case data from IRBM for the period 2015 to 2019. Out of the 924 companies being studied, the results show that the most common adjustment made by SME motor companies is income adjustment, where most companies under-reported their incomes. In terms of company characteristics, the study also found that they are small-sized companies, with a profit margin below RM3 million, mostly from the sub-sector of the sale of spare parts and accessories other than motorcycles and use tax agent services to manage their tax matters. In terms of frequency of audit, the result shows that majority of the companies under study had been audited twice in the period of five years. The findings of this study provide a basis for explaining the scenario of SME motor companies involved in repeated audits and its importance on tax audit enforcement as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bad habits among students of higher education institutions is an important and growing issue in modern society. Bad habits may not seem so critical at first, but over time, they will develop into serious issues that cannot be ignored. If left unchecked, this habit in modern society can pose a major threat to individual well-being, public health, and economic stability. The importance of smartphone and Internet use has contributed to the increase in behavioral addictions, such as gaming, social media, and Internet use disorders, as well as facilitating substance abuse, including alcohol. In addition, modern lifestyles often lead to bad habits such as excessive consumption of fast food and lack of physical activity, which contribute to chronic health problems and mental stress. Concerns about the negative effects that may arise from these bad habits are increasing, including the impact on individual well-being that affects learning performance. This study aims to examine the needs and difficulties of students in controlling their bad habits, that are useful for developing a mobile application that uses persuasive techniques to empower students in overcoming those bad habits. This study applies the Waterfall Model as an application development methodology. The needs analysis phase examines the problems of bad habits faced by students, including smartphone addiction, internet use disorders, and lack of physical activity. The design of the Indomitable Application will emphasize functions that are important in supporting users to control bad habits, including progress trackers, reminders, and motivational elements. Testing and integration will ensure the effectiveness and usability of this application in real use situations. This study emphasizes the importance of overcoming bad habits among students of higher education institutions and offers innovative solutions through the Indomitable Application that uses persuasive techniques. The contribution of this study provides the necessary support and empower students in achieving better well-being. It is hoped that this application can provide the necessary reinforcement to students in facing the challenges of their bad habits, as well as empowering them to achieve better health and well-being in university life and after graduation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the era when Tun Hussein Onn served as the Prime Minister of Malaysia, economic ties began to move towards broader horizons, not only in the agricultural sector but also in the industrial sector, including petroleum and gas. Malaysian and Indonesian economic relations have also begun to cooperate in petroleum and natural gas and continue to cooperate in agriculture. Apart from that, security issues are also the main agenda of Tun Hussein Onn and Indonesia to ensure the stability and security of the Southeast Asian region. It is essential to ensure that foreign investment and trade are not affected. This research will describe Malaysia and Indonesia's economic relations, which form the core of economic cooperation between the two countries. The analysis also focuses on the economic policies of the two countries to see the extent of opportunities for economic cooperation between Malaysia and Indonesia. This research uses materials from primary and secondary sources obtained from the National Archives of Malaysia and National Archives of the Republic of Indonesia. The study found that during Tun Hussein Onn's era, there was a focus on Bumiputera development to address economic inequality as planned in the New Economic Policy. Additionally, the economic relationship between Malaysia and Indonesia also began to focus on cooperation in the petroleum and natural gas sectors, which became major contributors to national revenue. At the same time, cooperation in the agricultural and industrial sectors was also enhanced through research and manpower utilization between Malaysia and Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The overwhelming need to curb syariah criminal activities in the society can never be denied. For this purpose, Malaysian syariah criminal legislation is legislated by the State Legislative Assembly. Its enforcement process should adhere to the stipulated principles of justice. However, the given legislative authority is subjected to the doctrine of separation of powers between the Federal and state governments. Despite the outlined divisional powers, the parameter of the jurisdiction of the state legislative assembly in enacting provisions on syariah criminal offences remains vague. Therefore, this writing analyzes several legal provisions in Malaysia relating to the enactment jurisdiction of syariah criminal offences by the State Legislative Assembly. Emphasis is simultaneously given on relevant syariah principles in this context. This writing also identifies implications arising from the ambiguity of the jurisdictional limits of the state legislative assembly in enacting provisions on syariah criminal offences. Proposals for legal amendments are also made in the effort of clarifying jurisdictional limits of the state legislative assembly. By utilizing doctrinal method, all data related to the jurisdictional limits of the state legislative assembly in enacting syariah criminal offences is analyzed qualitatively and critically. The finding of this study indicates that there is a need to amend and harmonize certain legal provisions empowering the state legislative body to enact provisions related to syariah criminal offences. Ultimately, there is a need to clarify the ambiguity of the jurisdictional limits of the State Legislative Assembly in safeguarding syariah criminal provisions from being constantly challenged in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development and advancement of current technology demand changes in education in the implementation of 21st century teaching strategies. Blended modeproject-based learning is one student-centered learning approach that integrates "learn by doing" learning with the use of digital technology. However, this approach is still limited in the implementation among secondary school teachers in Malaysia. Thus, this study aims to identify the level of implementation of blended mode project-based learning among Clothing Design and Sewing teachers across Malaysia. This study employed a quantitative method through a survey research design. As a study sample, 32 teachers of the Vocational Subject of Clothing Design and Sewing were involved in this study. Descriptive analysis was conducted using SPSS Statistics for Mac Version 28.0 software to analyze percentage scores and frequencies. The Kruskal Wallis test analysis was conducted to identify the implementation of blended mode project-based learning among teachers based on their teaching experiences. The results of the analysis found that the level of implementation of project-based learning blended mode by teachers from the aspect of technological skills and pedagogical skills is at a medium-high level, while the aspect of teacher self-efficacy is at a medium-low level. Kruskal Wallis test analysis shows no significant difference between the level of project-based learning implementation of blended mode teachers based on teaching experience. This shows that professional support is needed so that this approach becomes a practice in line with the development of digital technology. Therefore, all relevant parties need to provide support and ensure that this student-centered learning approach becomes a teacher's practice for more effective implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the history of the emergence of homeopathic medicine pioneered by Dr. Burhanuddin al-Helmi during the British colonial period began when he studied in India in 1935 and he continued expanding on it throughout his life till his passing in 1969. However, this homeopathic procedure was less popular among the Malays as they were still practicing traditional Malay and Islamic medication that was interspersed with Quranic verses, as well as modern medicines in hospitals and clinics introduced by the British colonial. This is because homeopathy medicine is still new and has not been widely revealed. This writing will perceive how his education in India has influenced his interest in homeopathic medicine and the development of this medicine in Malaysia. This study was conducted using the qualitative approach by analysing articles written by Dr. Burhanuddin and several other homeopathic researchers and historians. The findings show that Dr. Burhanuddin’s homeopathy was found to be as an alternative medical treatment to allopathy. The article also concludes that the historical development of homeopathy medical science in Malaysia dating back to the 1930s, including the establishment of the Homeopathic Society Federation of Malaya (PHPTM) in 1961, was the efforts and the roles of a Malay nationalist, Dr. Burhanuddin, who was the first homeopathic practitioner of medicine in Malaysia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nomenclature of a subject matter represents the inherent characteristics and attributes of an item. In the context of the food sector, there exists a strong correlation between the name and commercial impact of a particular product. The choice of the name of a product names is significant for purposes of branding and marketing. Nevertheless, some parties combine illegal and permissible elements in the process of choosing product names, such as “hotdog”, “beer”, and others. The combination of brand names for halal products has become a subject of contention among Muslim scholars and customers, due to the ambiguity surrounding their halal status. This study examines the legal and Islamic implications of associating a halal product with a name that imputes prohibited elements from the perspective of the evidences found in al-Quran and hadith and the country's halal regulatory framework and the Shariah as a whole. Library research and content analysis are employed as methodologies to obtain relevant information on the subject matter of this research. The results of this study indicate that the definition of halal, as outlined in the halal legislation of this country is limited and is only restricted to food ingredients, products and services. Further, there exists a loophole in the powers conferred upon the relevant agencies to ascertain the suitability of the nomenclature to be in accordance with the principles of the Shariah, thereby ensuring adherence to the concept of halalan tayyiban in its entirety for each halal product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The human body is not merely a biological structure, but it also carries cultural significance and can be perceived differently based on a society's values and norms. The Malay community typically portrays men as being brave and robust. However, in modern times, there has been a shift in the perception of male bodies, with a focus on commodification in consumer culture. This research aims to demonstrate how the commodification of certain qualities can affect Malay youth and their interpretation of the 'sado' image, ultimately leading them to adopt the practice of 'sado'. The study employs a qualitative approach using the phenomenological method to uncover the meaning of experiences and concepts from research subjects. The study collected primary data via field observations and indepth interviews with 20 Malay youth selected from those who regularly attend gyms or fitness centers in the Bandar Baru Bangi region of Selangor. The findings show that advertising has a significant influence on shaping consumers' desires and preferences by promoting products and services based on a 'sado' image. Moreover, capitalists use cultural intermediaries such as gym owners, personal trainers, and social media groups to create a market through commodification, which helps educate and promote the 'sado' image among Malay youth. In conclusion, the 'sado' image is more likely to be established when commodification has a greater influence. This study contributes in enriching the data and shows the relevance related to the issue of body building, besides proving the acceptance of the theory in the context of the consumerism of society in this country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ATLAS.ti 24 software can be applied to analyse data collection systematically. This study aims to analyse the Malay essay questions of Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia (SPM) to develop the main keywords. Research data using real SPM Malay essay questions, repeat SPM Malay essay questions and experimental SPM Malay essay questions from 2010 to 2020. The NCT Friese Model procedure consists of Noticing things, Collecting things and Thinking about things, and components are applied to the seven phases of Friese's Thematic Content Analysis (TCA) to detail the analysis process. The Research Question Development Tool (RQDT) is PICo representing Population, Interest and Context and was adapted as the basis of theme development in the analysis using ATLAS.ti software 24. Based on this research, a systematic ATLAS.ti analysis procedure was built. In addition, SPM essay questions can be categorized into four main aspects, with an additional 'Form' category, PICoB. Additionally, six main keywords represent the 'Population' theme, three main keywords represent the 'Focus' theme, and 19 main keywords represent the 'Context' theme. This sharing of analysis procedures guides subsequent researchers to improve analysis using ATLAS.ti software. The results of this research are also expected to generate innovation in teachers in the process of analysing material and help students write essays to focus on the requirements of the question. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Al-Muqaddimāt is one of Muhammad bin Yūsuf al-Sanūsī's famous works of aqīdah. However, the themes and issues of debate contained in the work are seen to be very different from other works of aqīdah. This is because the debates of ilāhiyyāt, nubūwwāt and samiyyāt which are the main debates of faith are not specifically discussed in it. Thus, this article was produced to look in depth at the main themes and issues found in al-Muqaddimāt in addition to highlighting the relationship between the work and other religious works as well as its role in religious studies. The objectives and discussions highlighted through this article are: [i] introduction to al-Muqaddimāt; [ii] themes and issues of faith debate in al-Muqaddimāt; and [iii] the role and importance of al-Muqaddimāt in the study of faith. The writing of this article is based on a qualitative study with the method of content analysis of al-Muqaddimāt along with its description entitled Shar al-Muqaddimāt which is also the work of al-Sanūsī. In addition, the works of other scholars related to the discussion are also seen to strengthen the analysis. Preliminary findings found that al-Muqaddimāt along with its description is one of al-Sanūsī's five main aqīdah works called al-Silsilah al-Aqdiyyah al-Sanūsiyyah (chain of aqīdah works of al-Sanūsī). It acts as an introduction to works of Aqīdah and Īlm Kalam based on the understanding of Ahli Sunah Waljamaah. Understanding the content of al-Muqaddimāt in depth is seen as a catalyst for understanding the true faith through other works. Therefore, understanding the aqīdah through other works is very dependent on understanding the content of al-Muqaddimāt first because of its role as an introduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identity masculinity or 'sado' is discussed not only in a gender context but has also become widespread in consumer culture. The spread of commodity image in the process of commodification has led to a society where the use of a product becomes integrated into daily life. Thus, this article explains how the commodification of images influences dreams and leads to consumption activities based on 'sado' images. The study employs a qualitative approach using the phenomenological method to uncover the meaning of experiences and concepts from research subjects. The study collected primary data via field observations and in-depth interviews with 20 Malay youth selected from those who regularly attend gyms or fitness centers in the Bandar Baru Bangi region of Selangor. The findings show that the representation of masculinity that focuses on the appearance and physical strength of men in advertisements has created a dream world for Malay youth until they use the commodities and services offered by the industry. This is because advertising has the power to persuade desire. Among the things that are done through consumption activities are by doing fitness training at the gymnasium center, using the services of a personal trainer and practicing a nutritional diet and taking supplements to grow body muscles. In order to achieve that dream, they have to be willing to sacrifice time, energy, and money. Overall, it can be concluded that the greater the influence of commodification among Malay youth, the more frequently consumption behavior will be done to display the image of 'sado'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Occupational stress, intention to quit, and burnout are global issues that have the potential to undermine the performance and reputation of organizations. In this context, demographic factors are also considered determinants of these phenomena. This study was conducted to examine the differences in demographic characteristics in occupational stress, intention to quit, and burnout. Specifically, the study hypothesized the presence of a significant influence of demographic factors such as age, length of service, and marital status on occupational stress, intention to quit, and burnout among firefighters in Malaysia. Data for this study were collected from 234 firefighters in Malaysia using a questionnaire. Subsequently, the data were analyzed through descriptive and regression analysis using SPSS software version 27. The findings of this study indicate a significant difference in these demographic characteristics in job stress, intention to quit, and burnout. Consistent with the literature review, the study's results demonstrate that demographic characteristics also influence job stress, intention to quit, and burnout. In practical terms, this study suggests that organizations should strengthen intervention programs such as effective supervision and psychological support services based on employees' demographic characteristics to minimize the occupational stress and intention to quit and address burnout in the workplace. These initiatives not only assist organizations in retaining their best talent but also improve mental wellbeing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The word mahrūdatayn is an archaic name for a suit mentioned in a hadith in Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim. The discourse on the meant word contributed by scholars in the fields of hadith, lexicography, botany and pharmacology apparently portrays a contradictory information rooted in its plant-based dyestuff. The source of the dye-stuff as provided by the discourse revolves around al-hurd, al-wars and al-za'farān. To ascertain a kind of the suit based on its dye-stuff, this study employs a qualitative approach through documentation methods for data collection. Then the collected data are to be interpreted using content and inductive analysis. Lexicographically, this study finds that mahrudatayn encapsulates its dye-stuff named hurd or turmeric (Curcuma longa), which is a rhizome part of a plant native to the region of al-Hind. On the other hand, the used part of al-wars (Flemingia grahamiana) is glands outside its fruits, and the used past of al-za'farān or saffron (Crocus sativus) is its stigmas. However, in terms associating mahrūdatayn with al-wars or alza'farān by certain ancient Arabs, there are two possibilities. They whether named all yellow suits mahrūdatayn or deemed al-wars and al-za'farān are as well in a nomenclature of al-hurd. Albeit mahrūdatayn is archaic word, delving deep into its identification proves that the encapsulated thing behind its name is a well-known plant. This study recommends further research on plants in text of hadith. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the struggles of Kedah Malay teachers through the Kedah Malay Teachers’ Association (PGMK) in dealing with language issues particularly pertaining to the Malay language medium in the Malay education system before independence. Apart from salary increment claims, they demanded the British colonialists acknowledge Malay as a communication language in all the Malay schools across Kedah. With regard to this, the main objective of this study is to highlight the role of Malay teachers of Kedah, through their association, in demanding for their own welfare and Malay education by making the Malay language as the main language taught in primary schools and secondary schools in the then Malaya. They argue that the colonial-era education system introduced by the British government is not suitable in the local education system. The discussion in this article is based on analyses of historical resources from the newspapers and magazines before independence, i.e., Warta Negara, Majalah Guru and The Straits Times as well as the archival research method study analysing British documents. This research employed primary and secondary resources from archives, the PGMK office and university libraries. This writing piece traces the struggles of Malay teachers to pressure the colonial government in taking the necessary steps to address the issue of making the Malay language the medium in the school system. The study successfully proves the impact of teachers as advocates for the Malays over the colonial government which resulted in several changes in the demands for salary claims, teachers’ educational opportunities, school facilities and language issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of Public Service Announcements (PSAs) in capturing the public's attention to awareness messages is increasingly challenging due to the advancements in visual technology that have elevated audience preferences. In order to maximize attention and induce behavioral changes, the common use of fear as a visual rhetoric (RV) threat in various local campaigns, especially those involving health, has been employed. However, implementations of fear appeals lacking empirical foundations often fail to engage attention and instead motivate defensive audience responses. Fear-based RV failures are attributed to the lack of a persuasive fear model specifically tailored to negotiate with the audience's knowledge and experiences. These weaknesses are more noticeable among target audiences exhibiting specific tendencies, such as video game addiction in cases of Problematic Gaming (PG) in Malaysia. This raises questions about the suitability of fear-based RV approaches for attention-grabbing and their risk of rejection. Consequently, existing PSAs attraction strategies necessitate a more cognitively and affectively sensitive concept for the audience. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to discuss and propose the concept of Fear-Induced Visual Metaphors (FVM) as a new form of PSA RV. Choosing the best stimulus construct of MV from the typologies of Pictorial Metaphor Theory (TMB), Visual Rhetoric Theory (TRV), or Visual Structure Concept (KSV) proven effective in commercial advertising, combined with threat components from the Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM) fear appeal model, aims to enhance the potential for attention-grabbing. Theoretically, FVM attract the audience's attention through significantly superior cognitive and affective allure compared to standard visual or rhetoric. Conclusions from this study are expected to contribute a testable and empirically validated conceptual framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the electoral politics of the 2021 Sarawak State Election (SSE21), focusing on the Women's Bureau and Youth Wing of Parti Rakyat Sarawak (PRS) and the Progressive Democratic Party (PDP). Using the framework of clientelism, the study investigates the interdependent relationships between the women's bureau, youth wing and candidates. From the outset, it is evident that the provision of rewards and services by candidates both before and after the election played a significant role in consolidating the support of the women's bureau and youth wing members, particularly towards the incumbent candidates. The research was conducted through observations and in-depth interviews with candidates, PRS and PDP representatives, women's bureau and youth wing members, youth leaders, and community leaders, including tuai rumah and penghulu, in the State Legislative Assembly (SLA) of Meluan and Tamin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Earthenware is one of the artifacts commonly found during archaeological excavations, whether prehistoric or protohistoric. Earthenware is one of the tools used by prehistoric people as tools for daily life. An archaeological excavation study at Gua Kambing in Gunung Pulai, Baling, Kedah has also found some pottery fragments. Earthenware found at archaeological sites needs to be known whether it was made by the local community or brought from outside. Therefore, this study uses two methods, which are physical analysis and also the determination of chemical content uses X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and X-Ray Flourescence (XRF) methods to obtain mineral content as well as major and trace elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leadership is defined as the leadership level of a leader that is a low, middle or high level leader. In the meantime, Orang Asli or Orang Asal refers to a group of bumiputera residents found in Peninsular Malaysia, which has a variety of characteristics whether from an ethnic point of view or where they live. The purpose of the study is to look at the leadership of the Semai community in the novel ‘Ludaad’ by Mahat A/L China. This study is based on the leadership behaviour of the Semai community which is often raised by the author in his work based on his personal perspective as a Semai person. The focus of this study is to examine the behaviour of leaders in carrying out their duties as community leaders to resolve conflicts that tend to occur in the Semai community. In addition, this study also looked at the extent to which situational factors influence leaders in making decisions based on the behaviour practiced to overcome the conflict that occurs. The method used in this study is the bibliographic method, analysing the content of the text and applying the Path-Goal Theory to further strengthen the argument to be presented. The results of the study show that leadership behaviour through the character of Penghulu Busu conforms to the four principles set out in the Path-Goal Theory. The key findings from this study highlight that the Penghulu Busu practices different behavioural patterns based on personal factors as a respected leader and is influenced by environmental factors based on the threat of foreigners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The world is crucial to shaping one’s identity and promoting human development. Poetry, in particular, serves as an endless channel for educating people and inspiring growth. The goal of this research is to examine the relationship between nature and its impact on humanity as depicted by seven poets in the anthology ‘Cakerawala Islam Nusantara’ (2023). This anthology includes poems written by 203 poets and published by Kelantan’s Islamic Council and Malay Customs. The study looks at the relationship between nature and its impact on humans through the lens of the Takmilah Theory. The analysis of the works concentrates on the theory’s seventh principle, which emphasizes the integration of intellectual processes into creative works to foster the development of an ideal human being. The findings of this study indicate that the poems produced by the seven authors successfully utilize nature as a guiding force for life, thereby facilitating the transformation of the audience in alignment with the seventh objective of the Takmilah Theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Entering the 20th century, electricity began to be used commercially in Kuala Lumpur. Electricity supply, initially limited to the mining sector and streetlights, were later expanded to become the main source of power for the domestic sector, especially residences since the late 1920s. The provided supply of electricity influenced residents to then use electrical appliances, thus making domestic daily life more comfortable and easier. Women were identified as the consumer group with the most noticeable change in daily chores in the kitchen, following this development in domestic technology. This study aims to examine how electricity supply in residences triggered a transformation among women in Kuala Lumpur between 1927 until 1940. This article uses the qualitative approach by analysing primary and secondary sources. The findings show women realise the importance of electricity and worked to adapt its uses into their daily work in the kitchen. Electricity supply for kitchen, led women to turn to electrical appliances and then learn how to use them. This development has encouraged these women to improve their skills and abilities in food preparation. Therefore, it is clear that domestic chores did not hinder women from absorbing rapid technological advances in Kuala Lumpur as something beneficial in their daily chores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obesity increases the risk of disturbances in the spermatogenesis process, which can lead to reduced male fertility. Hibiscus sabdariffa, known for its lipid-lowering properties, holds potential as a male fertility enhancer, although its precise effects remain unclear. To address this, our study employed obesity-induced male rats as a model to explore the impact of aqueous extract of H. sabdariffa calyces on male fertility while also assessing its antiobesity properties. We divided 36 male Sprague Dawley rats into two main groups: control and treatment, each comprising six rats. The control group included normal, negative (obese rats without treatment), and positive (obese rats administered 10 mg/kg body weight of orlistat) subgroups. The treatment group received varying doses of H. sabdariffa calyx extract: Hs100 (100 mg/kg body weight), Hs200 (200 mg/kg body weight), and Hs300 (300 mg/kg body weight) over a 14-day period. All rats, except those in the normal group, were induced into obesity through a high-fat diet until their Lee index exceeded 310. Notably, rats in the Hs100, Hs200 and Hs300 treatment groups exhibited a significant reduction in body weight (p<0.05) compared to the negative group. Sperm quantity analysis revealed a substantial increase in the Hs100 treatment group (p<0.05) compared to the normal and negative groups. Histological examination of the testes indicated that the aqueous extract of H. sabdariffa calyces in the treatment group improved the structure of the seminiferous tubules, resulting in a higher spermatozoa density in the lumen, increased testis weight and seminiferous tubule diameter compared to the normal and negative control groups. In conclusion, treatment with 100 mg/kg body weight of aqueous extract of H. sabdariffa calyces proves to be the optimal dosage for enhancing male fertility compared to the normal and negative control groups. Furthermore, it demonstrates anti-obesity effects in obese male rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Malaysian Education System has experienced significant changes in meeting the demands of globalization. Next, the National Education Philosophy that was founded is to produce people who are balanced from an emotional aspect such as the ability of teachers to adapt to assignments well. In addition, the teacher's emotional balance is also obtained through the adaptation of a conducive workplace environment. Thus, this study wants to explore the relationship between adaptability and emotional happiness in giving birth to Karamah Insaniah. Findings prove that these three variables have a strong relationship between variables and significance. Thus, teachers who have a high level of adaptability and happiness certainly affect the results in the teaching profession, Happiness also has a positive impact on the contribution in shaping the reform of the education system in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The translator certification system is instrumental in assuring the quality of translation services and the credibility of translators. Without a certification system, the translation industry would operate in a chaotic market where translation work is often assigned to anyone claiming to be a translator even if they are not trained in translation and do not possess the appropriate academic qualifications. This phenomenon can be seen in Malaysia where there is still no system to certify translators. The development of an effective translator certification model for Malaysia must be research-driven. Although numerous studies have been conducted on translator certification mechanisms, a systematic review of the literature has yet to be carried out. Therefore, this study conducts a systematic review of the literature on this topic with the objective of identifying and analysing issues related to the certification of translators. A total of 30 academic writings indexed by Scopus, Web of Science (WoS), and Google Scholar databases were identified and selected for the review. The review identified four key themes discussed by scholars, namely the concept of translator certification, certification methods, certifying bodies and the challenges of certification systems. The findings of the study highlight several considerations that should be accounted for in developing a translator certification system for Malaysia. Among these considerations are the use of the examination method to certify translators, bridging the gap between the certification system and the real world of translation practice, the certification of translators by an independent entity to avoid any conflict of interest, and increasing awareness among translators on the importance of certification to ensure the sustainability of the certification system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The phenomenon of religious extremism is not new in people’s lives. The development of technology in the world of chemo indirectly seeks to affect the lives of Malay Muslims, especially in writing on social media. Extremist groups make social media one of the platforms to spread their ideology. This borderless medium caused extremist groups to spread information freely and easily, causing the Muslim Malay community to become deceived by extreme ideology. Various extremist writings are loose and scattered in society such as writings that are unquestioned and filled with slander, untrue news that is censored, writings that worsened the past scholars and writings that doubted their validity without using the right methods. This study aims to determine the parameters of writing wasatiyyah preachers in dealing with Muslim Malay extremists. This study was obtained using qualitative methodology, namely through the method of interviewing with 4 informants and through round table discussion consisting of 5 panels. The selection of informants is determined by purposive sampling. The data obtained is analyzed descriptively using Atlas. ti software. The results of this study found that among the parameters of wasatiyyah thought of preachers in dealing with Muslim Malay extremists is the proof of valid and precise method (manhaj) of proof according to members of the sunnah wal jamaah, sources of reference that are muktabar and recognize the scholarly scholarship of the past. The implications of this measurement can be used as a guide to preachers in dealing with Muslim Malay extremists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mental health problems of ex-prisoners are increasing and worrying so that it can affect the effectiveness of the reintegration of ex-prisoners into society. This paper aims to determine the relationship between personality types and the level of mental health of ex-prisoners in Malaysia. This study uses a quantitative approach with a survey method of 250 respondents. Two instruments were used in the questionnaire, namely the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale Test (DASS21) to measure the level of mental health of ex-prisoners and the Zuckerman-Kuhlman-40-Cross Culture Personality Test (ZKPQ-M-40-CC) to identify 5 personality domains of ex-prisoners namely Activity, Sociability, Aggressiveness-Hostility, Impulsive Sensation Seeking and Neuroticism-Anxiety. The results of the study found that there is a positive significant relationship between the five types of personality with the level of depression, anxiety and stress among ex-prisoners. Specific mental health interventions should be provided to prisoners before and after their release. This is very important in ensuring that the chance of reintegration of ex-prisoners into society is effective when mental health problems can be prevented and treated before they get worse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For a long time, abandoned land has become an important issue at the national level. Various efforts have been carried out to enable these lands to be cultivated and developed. This article aims to discuss suitable alternative approaches in managing abandoned land. It is analyzed by using the appropriate waqf approach in considering how to manage abandoned land. This study uses secondary data content analysis methods obtained from official documents and past studies. The findings of the study found that the focus was given to the factors and the government's efforts to deal with them. This explains that the effort to dismantle abandoned land is not an emphasis that needs to be noticed but the most important focus is how these abandoned lands can be managed well. There are many studies that have touched on the factors and reasons for the occurrence of abandoned agricultural land. However, studies that focus on solutions in managing abandoned agricultural land are still not carried out. Therefore, the focus on waqf methods in managing abandoned land has been detailed. The waqf approach is seen as rational in managing abandoned lands belonging to the Malays in particular. This is because waqf is not only a form of practice that focuses on religion, but it also emphasizes the economic development of the community. This is clear when waqf has specific rules to help resolve issues related to property management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mental health is an essential element in ensuring the well-being of everyone. A career as a young lecturer in a university is no exception when it comes to dealing with work stress, especially in a research university. Work stress has both direct and indirect effects on their mental health. This study aims to measure the extent of psychological stress levels among young lecturers and its relationship with their mental health. A total of 100 young lecturers participated in this study, using a quantitative questionnaire survey method. The study found that two-thirds of the respondents experienced high levels of psychological pressure. Nearly half of the respondents reported having a low level of mental health. Regarding mental health subscales, 51 percent of the respondents exhibited a high level of anxiety, 23 percent showed a high level of depression, 44 percent displayed low levels of behavioral control, and 58 percent had a low sense of positive wellbeing. There is a significant correlation between the degree of psychological distress and mental health, but only the sub-scales of anxiety, behavior control, and positive affect showed a significant relationship with psychological distress at p < 0.05. In conclusion, the findings of this study are expected to assist university management in implementing intervention programs in research universities. These programs can reduce psychological distress and improve the mental health of young lecturers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Strait of Malacca is one of the busiest maritime Sea Lanes of Communications (SLOCs) in the world because of its importance in transporting goods. However, like any other straits, Strait of Malacca also do not escape from maritime criminal attack. As a Littoral States to Strait of Malacca, Malaysia and Indonesia have taking initiatives to improve the security in that area. This paper will attempt to explain the priorities and challenges of Malaysia and Indonesia to cooperate in the Strait of Malacca between 2016-2020. It has three objectives: namely 1) to identify maritime security threats in Strait of Malacca; 2) to analyse the priorities and challenges of the Malaysia-Indonesia maritime cooperation in the Strait of Malacca; 3) to recommend the potential of a new maritime cooperation between Malaysia-Indonesia in the Strait of Malacca. This study was based on both primary and secondary data. Primary data was collected from structured interviews involving informants in various professional fields that are directly involved in maritime security in the Strait of Malacca. Secondary data was collected from literature reviews based on scientific publications, theses, journal articles, and online material, such as newspaper articles. The findings of this study will show the types of maritime cooperations between Malaysia and Indonesia and the measures that taken by the authority to encounter the illegal activities that taken place in the Strait of Malacca for the future actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]