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One method for disposing of old, damaged, or misprinted Qur’an pages is to burn them. Recently, there have been cases of al-Quran mushaf disposal management that do not comply with the maqasid of al-Quran text disposal as stipulated in established guidelines. Furthermore, the number of damaged al-Quran manuscripts is growing, making the collection site increasingly limited in capacity. To save money and space, it was discovered that some institutions in charge of disposal have delegated this task to unauthorized parties, such as non-Muslim parties, which disposed of al-Quran text at paper mills. Therefore, this article discusses the perspectives and evaluations of religious scholars on the methods used by Malaysian institutions to dispose of al-Quran text. Document analysis and interviews with the State Muftis of Selangor, Kelantan and Terengganu were used to collect data. It was done through semi-structured interviews and descriptive analysis. According to findings, the Malaysian government has implemented several methods. One method used is to burn it to ashes, bury it, and then wash it into the sea. Many authorised institutions carry out disposal in accordance with the established guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Voters outside of Kelantan tends to vote for PAS compared to other political parties, even though they live in the Klang Valley. Fundamentally, the people in Klang Valley in the majority do not support PAS as the people in Kelantan. Therefore, this paper aims to discuss the forms of political culture of voters outside of Kelantan which reside around Klang Valley. This research involved 403 Malay voters outside of Kelantan, aged 21 years old and above that reside at Klang Valley but still cast their vote at Kelantan. This research implemented the quantitative approach through the survey method which utilised the feedback forms. The respondents in this research were chosen through purposeful sampling method and snowball sampling method. The data for this research were analysed descriptively and through ANOVA test. The result of this research found that the political culture of voter outside of Kelantan is in the form of subjectivity. This subjective political culture refers to society accepting one sided output only without questioning what, why and how that matters happen. This shows that individual relationship with the political system is passive and behave obediently. This type of society does not questions much and accept the explanation from certain parties without investigating the authenticity of the information involved in the explanation. This type of society is usually hardcore supporters of a political party. The implication of this form of political culture cause the voters to become recklessly obedient, compliant and unable to make decisions rationally until they are considered to be in a captive state of mind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the findings of preliminary study conducted on the collections of traditional pottery in the Kelantan State Museum, Kota Bharu, Kelantan. The primary aim of this study is to obtain information on Mambong pottery shapes, types and designs using the morphological analysis method. Also included in this study is a cluster of traditional pottery specimens from Kampung Periok in Tumpat, Kelantan. Among the important morphological features analysed and recorded in this study are pottery height, length, circumference, mouth orifice and decorations on pottery lid, lip, neck and body. The outcome of this study shows the presence of eight (8) types of Mambong pottery decorated with four (4) main forms of decorative motifs namely floral, faunal, cosmos elements and geometrical patterns. Each of these decorative motifs can be further divided into several sub-decorations. The traditional pottery from Kampung Periok, on the other hand, consists only of one type and the decorations used are almost similar to that of Mambong pottery. Overall, this paper has contributed new morphological data and information on traditional pottery in the Kelantan State Museum, Kota Bharu, Kelantan. The findings of this study can be used as academic reference by researchers, students and community who are interested in knowing the art and culture of traditional pottery in Kelantan especially in terms of pottery type, shape and decoration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the results of the documentation study carried out on traditional pottery in the collection of Kelantan State Museum Corporation in Kota Bharu, Kelantan. Among the potteries recorded were Belangga, Bekas Bara, Periuk Kukusan, Buyung, Geluk and Gunut Beras - all originated from Kampung Mambong in Kuala Krai, Kelantan. One of the unique types of pottery found in this museum was the traditional pottery stove. In terms of decoration, this pottery has similarity with pottery made at Kampung Mambong. However, based on the museum's records and the author's interviews with the museum staff, the pottery stove does not originate from Kampung Mambong. This has given rise to some issues and questions regarding the origin of the pottery stove. Apart from discussion on the documentation of traditional pottery, this paper will recommend several approaches that can be used by researchers in future to determine the origin of traditional pottery stove in Kelantan State Museum Corporation and its relationship with pottery tradition at Kampung Mambong in Kuala Krai, Kelantan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globalization in the fishery industry has affected the country's income, fishermen's income and social interaction in Malaysia, especially in the ECER Region. This paper has two objectives, first discussing the development of the fishery industry in the ECER region; Secondly, examine the impression of industrial fisheries development and its relation to the transitional point of the deep-sea fishermen. The study combines primary data and secondary data to get results studies. The study was conducted through a qualitative approach by interviewing 17 informants consisting of deep-sea skipper. Informants are selected through purposive sampling and snowball sampling. The study was conducted in ECER (East Coast Economic Region) which involved four states namely Kelantan, Terengganu, Pahang and East Johor. The results of the interview are transcribed in the form of verbatim words which are the words of informants. The verbatim data were analysed using thematic analysis involving the coding process, the categorization and finally the theme output to answer the questionnaire. The analysis of the study found that the development of the fisheries industry affected the transitional process that occurred to deep-sea fishermen. The transition shows that deep-sea fishermen can accept changes in industry fisheries. In fact, the fishery transition process itself affects the social, economic, physical and policy aspects of the fisheries industry. An important discovery is some deep-sea skipper, have become fishery entrepreneurs known as 'juragan-pengusaha' (skipper-entrepreneur). Recognition of skipper as entrepreneurs indirectly impacts strategic policies in the fisheries industry in relation to the national food security assurance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kampung Mambong in Kuala Krai, Kelantan was the only place in Peninsular Malaysia that had been involved in the making of traditional earthenware cooking stove. However, its history and manufacturing perspectives have never been studied in detail in prior studies. The present study was conducted to unravel the history, manufacturing tradition and challenges faced by the potters at Kampung Mambong in preserving the production of earthenware cooking stove. This study was carried out using the qualitative method involving ethnography fieldwork and a library survey. The findings of the study showed that the production of traditional earthenware cooking stove or locally known as Tuku was inherited by Che Bunga and her ancestors at Kampung Mambong since the 1850s. Like other potteries at Kampung Mambong, Tuku is made using traditional methods without incorporating modern techniques. In the 1930s, however, the manufacturing of Tuku began to dwindle, and its entire production halted by the end of the 1940s. The lack of experts and interest among the younger generations to learn and continue the making of Tuku are two main reasons why the production diminished in the 1930s and 1940s. Apart from that, the invasion of the Japanese military in Sungai Galas in the early 1940s had indirectly caused the production to cease. Overall, this study has successfully contributed new insights into the history, manufacturing tradition and factors that caused extinction to the production of Tuku at Kampung Mambong in the late 1940s. Therefore, essential proactive steps need to be taken to revive the manufacturing of Tuku because it is one of the unique heritage crafts of the Malay potters in Sungai Galas, Kelantan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vulnerability means a sense of insecurity resulting from exposure to the threat of the effects of social and environmental changes. The inability to adapt to such changes puts external environmental pressures and uncertain risks on households and communities. The purpose of this study is to identify the multidimensional vulnerability factors of B40 households in the southern region of Kelantan. The respondents consist of 385 heads of B40 households. Data collection was conducted face-to-face through questionnaires. Data were analysed using exploratory factor analysis. The results of the study found that B40 households face multidimensional vulnerability in terms of economic, social/physical and environmental vulnerabilities. The three components of economic vulnerability factors are (1) job and source of income loss, (2) rising prices and production costs, and (3) lack of capital and marketing. Meanwhile, social/physical and environmental vulnerabilities are explained by one component factor only. In conclusion, B40 households in the southern region of Kelantan need to diversify their income portfolio and not rely on one source of income only. They also need to take precautions against seasonal and environmental changes that will threaten and affect their daily activities. This study can be expanded by using other multidimensional aspects of vulnerability, such as health, market, politics, demographics and agricultural vulnerabilities. The study may also involve M40 and T20 households as respondents for future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay examines the role and contributions of the Majlis Agama Islam dan Adat Istiadat Melayu Kelantan (MAIK) in the development of education in the state of Kelantan since the opening of its first school in 1917 until the end of British administration in Kelantan in 1957 following Malaya's independence. As an organization that defended the religion, customs and welfare of the Malays, MAIK managed to undertake strategies to modernize education to benefit Muslims in the state despite being plagued by colonial policies. Its administrative bureaucratization which closely emulates the British bureaucratic system in the state and in Malaya enabled MAIK to plan educational innovation in a much more systematic manner. Other than opening its own schools MAIK also managed to bring in more schools in the state to be under its umbrella. MAIK's strategy of providing English and Arabic schools show it was able to put in place a balance education that incorporate both religious and secular needs of the local society. MAIK even preceded the British in the provision of education for women. It was responsible to develop female education in Kelantan including to provide opportunities for girls to further their education overseas. This study uses a qualitative method that involves data collection and evaluation from primary sources obtained from the National Archives of Malaysia, National Library of Malaysia, MAIK Library, and Hamzah Sendut Library of Universiti Sains Malaysia. This study found that efforts to bureaucratize educational administration, the establishment of English and Arabic schools, and the empowerment of women education not only strengthen MAIK schools and enabling them to receive public support but also placed MAIK and the intellectuals behind it as important actors and agents in defending the welfare of the local society through education throughout British colonial rule. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines Bazar Wakaf Rakyat (BWR) projects developed by Yayasan Waqaf Malaysia (YWM). The purpose of the BWR projects is to develop waqf lands as well as generate income from waqf assets. The development of BWR projects in the mosque area aims at developing the socioeconomic of the local community. The qualitative study uses informations from interviews as its primary source and relevant documents as its secondary sources. It involves a study conducted at five states in Peninsular Malaysia namely Penang, Selangor, Federal Territory, Johor and Kelantan. This study aims at 3 objectives. Firstly, it analyses the principles and implementations of BWR projects under the Yayasan Waqaf Malaysia. Secondly, it identifies the impact of its implementation on the economy of the local community. This study finds that BWR projects do contribute towards the economy of the local society in 3 ways. First of all, BWR projects optimise the use of land resources. They also stimulate economic activities in the society, generate productions and create new job opportunities. BWR projects are also seen to be beneficial to the local community when the revenue generated by the mosque management is reused for public interest such as maintenance of the mosque and organization of spiritual and community activities for the interests of public and country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increase of women in business activities in urban and rural areas has been a major catalyst to the country's economic growth. Women in the East Coast, especially in Kelantan and Terengganu, are seen to be quite prominent in the business world. They are very active in two types of handicraft-based enterprises, namely batik and songket. The involvement of women in batik and songket entrepreneurship not only helps in the economic aspect of the family but also realizes their desire to become a woman entrepreneur. This research aims to determine the encouragement in the formation of women batik and songket entrepreneurs in Malaysia. The qualitative case study design was used by using in-depth interviews and observations on 12 batik and songket entrepreneurs selected through the snowball sampling method in Kelantan and Terengganu. Information obtained from in-depth interviews was analyzed thematically while observations were analyzed through the inclusion of field notes, visual pictures as well as voice recordings. The results showed that the encouragement of the formation of batik and songket women entrepreneurs, the basis is the influence of the family which consists of the process of family socialization, family skills, interests, and contributions to the family. Therefore, their involvement in batik and songket entrepreneurship can be attributed to the constant upbringing and exposure from the family to form women entrepreneurs. Through entrepreneurial activities, women entrepreneurs have the potential to generate high income for their families. The high profits earned through the batik and songket industry also encourage other women to participate in batik and songket entrepreneurship in Malaysia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article was to collect and assess information about prostitution, khalwat (close proximity), cohabitation and rape in a Kelantanese Malay community. Writing within the perspective of social history, the focused on the period from 1916 to 1941, because some primary sources such as Kelantan Council of Islamic Religion and Malay Custom (MAIK), Kelantan Hall's Office and Kelantan Minister's Office reports on this period have recently become available at the National Archives of Malaysia. This article analyses the phenomenon of prostitution among Malay women in Kelantan before the Second World War. Divorce, poverty, and lack of education were among the major factors which drive Malay women into prostitution. This study reveals that failure to provide the living for the family and irresponsibility, lack of religious knowledge and economic attraction were among the factors that drove women to khalwat and cohabitation. The women were usually married or recently divorced and had partners were from different profession backgrounds, made up of Malay and non-Malays. Cases of khalwat, cohabitation and rape were usually disclosed by a third party to MAIK. In addition, this article discusses Notice no.26 of 1916 on the role of MAIK in controlling the problem of sexual misconduct. MAIK had power to arrest individuals without warrant, admonishing them, banishing prostitutes and pimps, as well as meting out imprisonment and fines. This law showed that MAIK, since its establishment in 1915, had tried it best to curb social and moral ills among Kelantan Muslims at that time. The study was able to fill the space in writing about Malaysian social history and gender studies, especially before the Second World War. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some 13 species of Middle Triassic ammonoid fossils were discovered from two outcrops of sedimentary rocks belonging to the Telong Formation. The outcrops are located within the Felda Aring 5, along the road connecting Gua Musang Town and Kuala Berang. These two localities contained two ammonoid assemblages that are correlatable with the Standard Ammonoid Zone of the Tethyan region. Locality QZ480 contains four ammonoid species i.e. Balatonites cf. B. balatonicus, Danubites kansa, Kellnerites samneuensis, Hollandites sp. and Acrocordiceras sp., while locality QZ467 contains eight species i.e. Frankites regoledanus, Frankites apertus, Celtites epolensis, Clionitites sp., Protrachyceras costulatum, Anolcites sp., Joannites sp. and Megaphyllites jarbas. Biostratigraphically, ammonoid assemblage of locality QZ480 characterize the middle Anisian Balatonicus Subzone of Balatonites Zone while those of locality QZ467 characterize the late Ladinian Regoledanus Subzone of Protrachyceras Zone. Based on correlation, the results support the idea that the study area which can be correlated to the Triassic Lampang-Phrae Basin located on the Sukhorthai Terrain of Shan-Thai Block, belonging to the Cathaysian domain. The ammonoid assemblages pose a high scientific heritage value, particularly in their role as good age indicators for the Triassic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]