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Johor is known for its UMNO-born state on May 11, 1946, which has been the stronghold of UMNO in Malaysia since the first General Election (GE-1). The UMNO-led BN won GE-1 to GE-13 in the state for the state assembly by winning more than 2/3 seats. But in the 14th general election, Johor for the first time fell to the opposition party Pakatan Harapan (PH), which used the Parti Keadilan Rakyat (PKR) logo by winning 36 state seats compared to the BN (19 seats) and PAS only 1 seat. Johor politics changed again on February 26, 2020 when the PPBM (BERSATU) stepped out of the PH and formed the Perikatan Nasional (PN) along with Muafakat Nasional (MN) and a Indipendent people representative. This political dynamic is an interesting arrangement involving political strategy and art in order to gain political power either constitutional or have an interest. It is, therefore, the purpose of writing this article to analyze election politics in the GE-14 and post-GE-14. Based on the analysis of the 2018 GE results, field observations and secondary sources such as journal articles and conference papers, the findings show that the victory of the BN and the defeat of the BN in the GE-14 and the post-PN PN PN victory in Johor prove that nothing is impossible who remains in politics. Indeed, political science is full of dynamics and artistry. The stronger national issues influenced the political decisions of the people of Johor, and the state and local leaders of Johor also took their turn. PH victory in GE-14 fueled by support from China and India in addition to young Malay voters and most of the First Time Voters are influenced by social media. The implication of this article is that the victorious party must exercise the responsibility of a just and trustworthy government for the good of the people while the deceased must play a role as the builder in ensuring the physical and spiritual development of the people of Johor in the eyes of all politicians in the state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Johor Sultanate emerged in the 16th century as the heir of the Malay Sultanate of Melaka. This paper examines the consolidation of Johor's authority from its founding up to the new era of politics and administration in the 18th century. The Johor Sultanate was one of the rising powers in the Malay World. To the Malays, the nexus, focal point, and execution of power began and end with the palace. This power encompasses not only politics and administration, but the socio-economic aspects as well. With this in mind, the objective of this paper is to discuss the extent of the Johor Sultanate's enduring presence from 1528 to the 18th century (in fact, even to the present), and also explain the significance of the 'sultan' as the pillar of Malay authority. The final objective is to assess how the Johor Sultanate became an influential Malay power among the competing regional and foreign powers for centuries. This paper uses the qualitative method based on historical discipline. Therefore, the library research method was used, with the author's exhaustive consultation of Malay manuscripts and authoritative secondary sources. This study found that overall, the political and administrative developments in the Johor Sultanate within the period in question saw many ups and downs. However, the sultanate endured as the symbol of Malay power from 1528 to the 18th century. The position of the 'sultan' as the pillar of Malay authority remained, even with conflicts of succession and dynastic changes. Therefore, the Johor Sultanate remained among the most influential powers in the Malay World, alongside their competition such as Aceh, Jambi, the Portuguese, the Dutch, and other political entities. This was achieved through an organised political and administrative system, as well as well-planned diplomatic relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sultanate of Johor emerged as a maritime trade civilization, centred along the Johor River around the 16th and 17th century CE. Its administrative centre shifted to the Riau-Lingga islands in the next century, and returned to the mainland state of Johor in the late 19th century. Between the 16th and 18th centuries, the sultanate of Johor emerged as a great Malay empire, a respected political entity and centre of international trade. However, these aspects should be seen as moving in line with the intellectual apogee of the Johor people. Therefore, the objective of this article is to prove that throughout the 16th and 18th centuries, the sultanate of Johor also became a centre of development of literature, language and culture. Many intellectuals emerged in Johor. The second objective is to discuss the multi-genre literary scene in Johor. Beginning with the two great Malay works, Sulalatus Salatin by Tun Sri Lanang and the Hikayat Hang Tuah, the Johor intelligentsia produced various literary works (history, literature, language, religion, statecraft, fiction, and so on) in the following centuries. Respected members of the intelligentsia produced greatly intellectual works, such as Raja Haji Ahmad, Raja Ali Haji, Raja Khalid Hitam, Raja Ali Kelana, Muhammad Ibrahim Munshi, Muhammad Salleh Perang, Muhammad Said Sulaiman and many others. This paper focuses on writtings and intellectuality in fields of history, literature and language. This study uses the qualitative method in history, especially focusing on library research. This study proves that Johor society is highly prolific in the flowering of literary and intellectual activities. This situation was also in line with the development of printing and associational activities, thus providing the intellectuality of Johor throughout time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Majallah al-Aḥkām al-‘Adliyyah belongs to the Ottoman Empire has been introduced in Johor, Malaysia during the reign of Sultan Abdul Hamid II (1876-1908). The book was brought to the Johor Government in 1893 during the reign of Johor’s Sultan Abu Bakar (1862-1895) in its Arabic language and it was translated later into Malay language and Jawi script during the reign of Sultan Ibrahim (1895-1959) in 1913. The translation was done by the Mufti of Johor and it is known as the Majalah Ahkam Johor. The book is a legal reference comprises the civil matters of muamalat, for example sale and purchase, rent and hibah, besides of containing court proceedings too. There are previous studies which affirmed that the Majalah Ahkam Johor was rarely used as a reference in court due to the expansion of colonial British in Malaya. The objective of this paper is to discuss and analyse the challenges of the use of the book in Johor and the obstacles in it’s implementation. The methodology of this study is based on qualitative design with historical research approach and document analysis from primary and contemporary data. The findings of this study shows that the use of the Majalah Ahkam Johor at the court level faced obstacles due to the British administration policy of interfering with the state legal and judicial system. Furthermore, the introduction of British law led to the abandonment of the use of Majalah Ahkam Johor as a reference on Islamic matters in Johor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), especially public research universities (PRU), is considered to be an important agent in enhancing the knowledge economy of the 21st century. The rapid development of the industry is particularly associated with the role of HEIs as a centre of knowledge that drives regional economic development and human capital. Development in the Iskandar region, Johor has shown the development of a competitive city region with education hub, high-tech industries, recreation and international urban centre. Based on this, the paper analyses the role of HEIs by selecting PRU as the main focus. The question is, to what extent the university is integrated with knowledge-based economic activities? The objective of this article is to (1) identify the role of PRU in the innovation and promotion of biotechnology industry; (2) study the knowledge exchange mechanisms and the formation of university-industry networks in the region; and (3) summarize how the knowledge-based economy is effective in the growth of biotech industry. It involves the collection of secondary data from newspapers, brochures and reports and in-depth interviews with university officials and research institutions. Content analysis methods have been used for data analysis. The findings show that HEIs form a network of government-industry support systems whereby PRU generates expertise, technology resources and effective knowledge for the workforce and development of biotech industry. Science parks, incubators and government incentives in the form of financial, world-class infrastructure, skilled manpower and business-friendly environment also influences transnational investment in the biotechnology industry of Iskandar Region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study discusses the phenomenon of glottalization in the Bugis minority language in Malaysia. Previous studies had claimed that the presence of glottal stops in the Bugis lexical is limited atword final position only. The claimhowever, poses a question of whether glottal stop only presents at word final position in this language. Thus, this study was conducted to confirm the position where the presence of glottal stop by identifying its presence in the lexical of this language as well as to describe the acoustic characteristics of the glottal stop at the positions where they have been identified. Data for this study were obtained from fieldworks which involved questionnaires, interviews, recordings and observations. A total of 100 informants who are native speakers of Bugis from Bugis villages located in Pontian and Pasir Gudang, Johor were interviewed. Spectographic analysis using Praat was made to confirm the presence of glottal stops in the lexical obtained. The results of the spectrographic analysis show that glottal stop presents in four positions in words, namely intial, middle and final word positions as well as at prefix boundaries, for examples, [?ika], [bu?kãŋ], [b?mbe?] and [mã?-keda]. The presence of glottal stop at these word positions exhibits different phonological processes. The results reveal the real phenomenon of glottal stop in Bugis language which has not yet been explored previously. Thus, this study provides new knowledge and perspectives on the distribution of glottal stops in the Bugis language. This study has given an opportunity to researchers to further dig and explore more linguistic phenomena that can be found in the Bugis language, as well as contributes to the preservation of this language so that it does not overwhelm by the modernization and can continue to be practiced by the younger generation in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The leadership pattern of youth association leaders is still seen in the old notch. A large number of youth leaders still depend on assistance from superiors in the success of youth programs. This gives an idea of the failure of youth leaders to be independent. The guidance and guidance given by Felda does not seem to be effective in forming youth leaders who are able to be independent. The phenomenon of dependence among youth leaders is very worrying because it can hinder the progress of Felda. Thus, this study was conducted to explore the dimensions, factors and strategies of dependence among Felda youth leaders. This study is qualitative in nature by using interview methods and analysis of related documents as data collection methods. A study informant was selected in this study who is a youth leader in Johor Region who is the President of Felda Youth Council. This study found that there are two themes related to the dimension of dependence, namely the dependence of financial resources and the dependence of the network of employment opportunities. While this study found that there are two factors that cause the dependence of Felda youth leaders, namely culture and systemic approach. Meanwhile, there are two strategies to overcome dependence on Felda, namely building relationships with external parties and running economic programs. It is hoped that the results of this study will benefit Felda in finding the best approach to develop a generation of youth leaders who are able to be independent in administering their youth associations. This is very important to ensure that Felda in particular and the country in general do not have a shortage of caliber leaders in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to examine the claim made by the US Consulate Officer in Singapore, Adolph G. Studer against Maharaja Abu Bakar regarding the issue of land concessions in Muar during the period 1870-1905. This dispute became more serious after the case was registered in the Washington Court on August 21, 1894. Studer's claim began after Maharaja Abu Bakar revoked the right to hold this land concession. He did not recognize the concession because Studer only consulted with Sultan Ali, the ruler of Muar without consulting with him first. The British administration in the Straits Settlements saw that this situation would not only threaten their economic activities, but would also open the door to other foreign powers if this was not resolved. In an effort to resolve this matter, the British played an important role and put forward proposals so that this dispute could be resolved as soon as possible. To look at the situation, this article will discuss two important things namely what Studer demanded of Maharaja Abu Bakar and the actions taken by the British in an effort to resolve this dispute. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essays aims to examine social maladies especially prostitution and cohabitation among Malay women in Johor from the 1930s to the 1950s. These two social issues was identified to have occurred since before the Second World War but became more prominent after the war had ended that led the Johor government to embark on a large scale eradication campaigns that involved various government departments in the state. Divorce is often seen as the main reason for Malay women to be involved in prostitution and cohabitation. However, upon scrutiny of official documents from the Religious Department, Chief Kathi's Office, Office of the Chief Secretary to Government, and District Offices it was found problem of morality that affected Malay women in the state was not only contributed by divorce and wartime life but also by other factors. Johor's modernisation efforts since the 1860s have witnessed economic development and rapid urbanisation, for instance, have led to the mushrooming of various entertainments, entertainment outlets and restaurants in major towns in the state. All these open various employment opportunities for Malay women including as prostitutes and often led to cohabitation. The research also found efforts to eradicate these social maladies among Malay women not only involved governmental bodies but also the public including those helmed by women themselves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of inter-regional and intra-regional migration has made the state of Johor as one of the most vibrant in the variation of subdialects and languages. The factor for the distribution of the standard language of /ə/ (schwa) which centralized in Johor was not able to prevent the changes and the usage of migrants languages, which resulted from the migration. Asmah(1986)'s suggestion to categorize three sub-dialects of Johor Malay language will be reiterated in this study. This study focuses on the identification of languages and dialects used in the state of Johor, the effects of migration and mapping new isoglosses in dialect landscapes in the state of Johor by utilizing the Geographic Information System (GIS) software. The study implemented a field study method that involved 123 villages with 900 informants and 40 lexical data throughout Johor. Informants are teenagers, adults and the elderly who helped to provide dialects and languages input in Johor. This study has successfully replaced the categorization of three sub-dialects by Asmah. At the same time, this study showed four significant use of languages other than the Johor dialects such as Javanese, Bugis, Banjar and Minang as a result of inter-regional migration. The effect of intra-regional migration also shows that there are Malay dialects of Kelantan, Terengganu and Malacca spoken in Johor. As a result, migrations in particular that involve the inter-region and intra- regional have indirectly paved the landscape for the use of new dialects and languages in the state of Johor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]