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Copyright of Filosofija, Sociologija is the property of Lithuanian Academy of Sciences Publishers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Monetary Studies (Bank of Lithuania) is the property of Bank of Lithuania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Science: Future of Lithuania / Mokslas: Lietuvos Ateitis is the property of Vilnius Gediminas Technical University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Business: Theory & Practice is the property of Vilnius Gediminas Technical University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Business: Theory & Practice is the property of Vilnius Gediminas Technical University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Problems / Problemos is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Monetary Studies (Bank of Lithuania) is the property of Bank of Lithuania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pedagogy Studies / Pedagogika is the property of Vytautas Magnus University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Science: Future of Lithuania / Mokslas: Lietuvos Ateitis is the property of Vilnius Gediminas Technical University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Science: Future of Lithuania / Mokslas: Lietuvos Ateitis is the property of Vilnius Gediminas Technical University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Business: Theory & Practice is the property of Vilnius Gediminas Technical University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Health Policy & Management / Sveikatos Politika ir Valdymas is the property of Mykolas Romeris University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Public Security & Public Order / Visuomenes Saugumas ir Viesoji Tvarka is the property of Mykolas Romeris University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Business: Theory & Practice is the property of Vilnius Gediminas Technical University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper deals with the interface of human resources and the value of human capital under the aspect of the education institutions. Nowadays, economic development is increasingly dependent on investment in human capital and preservation of intellectual potential. However, there is a clear trend that human potential is not ranked enough and it is still under investment. Whereas the value created by human capital is treated as an investment in human resources, this paper analizes the key aspects of the human resources in education institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyzes and systematizes European integration that is particularly relevant and the European Union's development and enlargement approaches to the concept of cohesion processes. The article contains a systematic review of the latest scientific publications related to the problems of cohesion. The importance of lack of appropriate response to the challenges of cohesion processes dictated by the level of organization of managerial measures is stressed, emphasizing the need for human resources management concepts adequate to the specific character of cohesion. In the view of cohesion process research methodology problems, this paper presents theoretical and empirical research development insights relevant to the European Union. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Professional Studies: Theory & Practice / Profesines Studijos: Teorija ir Praktika is the property of Professional Studies: Theory & Practice / Profesines Studijos: Teorija ir Praktika and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Business: Theory & Practice is the property of Vilnius Gediminas Technical University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper deals with the issue of the small business in the renewable energy field. The experience of the renewable energy leaders shows that the exploitation of the potential of renewable energy sources allows to overcome the dependence on the energy import, stimulates economic growth, and enables the creation of new workplaces as well as opening the prospects for the scientific and technological progress. A very healthy solution would be a promotion of "green and small" business. Therefore there is given an analysis of the main political, economic, social, and technological assumptions of "green and small" business development and its evaluation in the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Business: Theory & Practice is the property of Vilnius Gediminas Technical University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Business: Theory & Practice is the property of Vilnius Gediminas Technical University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Information Sciences / Informacijos Mokslai is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Business: Theory & Practice is the property of Vilnius Gediminas Technical University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper raises and considers the problem of social, economic and political development, cultural changes, the new tendencies of technological progress and environmental protection, closely associated with the cohesion processes and the processes of initiation and activation of various forms of uniqueness, taking place under the conditions of globalization, knowledge based society creation and of European integration and European Union development and enlargement processes. It is shown that the cohesion processes and the processes of initiation and activation of uniqueness determine the basic changes in contemporary society and its life in the common social and economic space in the European Union. The paper describes the variety of the cohesion processes, identifying new trends of cohesion in the context of globalization and internationalization, knowledge based society and knowledge economy creation processes. The main attention is paid to the interregional cohesion and to the regional uniqueness in the context of European integration and European Union development and enlargement processes. It is shown that the processes of cohesion are very complicated and versatile. Cohesion and its processes are based on some particular principles and regularities, which reflect the objective nature of cohesion, allowing that the cohesion processes may be perceived and considered as a specific cognition and research object. It is clear that general cognition logic may be used in the investigation of cohesion and the related issues. The main general principles of cohesion, including the principles of the communicating vessels, multiplication of quality standards, innovation and qualitative changes, diversity harmonization, the reduction to common denominator and assimilation, may be defined. The main regularities of cohesion are described in the article : the regularities of cohesion characterize the main trajectories of cohesion processes, allowing to determine the dominant cohesion features. It is clear that regularities of cohesion refer to various cohesion phenomena, including those, reflecting the variety of the cohesion aims and interests of various subjects involved in the cohesion processes, the complexity and inconsistency of these processes, as well as risks, threats and uncertainties, associated with various conditions, in which the cohesion processes take place. In general, regularities of cohesion reflect the processes, associated with application and realization of the cohesion principles: any regularities of cohesion may be perceived and treated as a description of a particular 'cause and effect' relationship associated with application and realization of the cohesion principles. This approach allows for identification of several most significant general regularities of cohesion: • the increasing diversity of the interested subjects and their interests, reflecting the trend of increasing the variety of subjects, seeking to realize more diverse interests in the process of cohesion, • stronger orientation of cohesion to a larger scope of activities and a higher rate of transformation, reflecting the trend of the cohesion processes to enlarge the areas, where they are taking place and to increase the rate of their proceeding, • the complexity, difficulties and contradictions of the cohesion processes, reflecting their diversity and the need for seeking their harmony, • the cyclic character of the cohesion processes, reflecting the fact that cohesion develops in some particular cycles, which begin with raising the requirement of convergence, interaction and integration of various systems, spaces and elements and ending with the creation of a particular new system characterized by the internal harmony, • the orientation of cohesion processes to expansion and renewal, reflecting the multiplication of the particular norms, standards, models, traditions and rules, which means that two types of cohesion effects become evident at the same time. In the first case, the renewal is taking place in the systems, spaces and elements, where new norms, standards, models, traditions and rules have been established. In the second case, the expansion of the activities of the subjects who purposefully promote and realize the multiplication of these norms, standards, models, traditions and rules, takes place. Various aspects of interregional cohesion and of the initiation and activation of the regional uniqueness in the context of European integration and European Union development and enlargement processes are described and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Science & Studies of Accounting & Finance: Problems & Perspectives / Apskaitos ir Finansu Mokslas ir Studijos: Problemos ir Perspectyvos is the property of Vytautas Magnus University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cultural heritage buildings are an important origin of a country's cultural memory, originality, and attractiveness, which motivated cultural growth, economic development, and social employment. However, cultural heritage buildings threaten to decay regarding the contributing poor funding for cultural heritage buildings preservation and maintenance, increasing urbanization changes. The adaptive reuse of cultural heritage buildings is one of the reasons, helping to preserve heritage buildings. This paper submits qualitative and quantitative criteria and subcriteria for the adaptive reuse of cultural heritage buildings. The set of criteria consists of economic, social, environmental, cultural heritage and legal criterion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Filosofija, Sociologija is the property of Lithuanian Academy of Sciences Publishers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Business: Theory & Practice is the property of Vilnius Gediminas Technical University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of the paper to survey the academic and policy debate on macroeconomic imbalances, growth of economy, and appropriate policy to address the issue. Fiscal consolidation alone is insufficient to reduce today's global current account imbalances to more sustainable levels as they are driven by economic fundamentals: demography, catching up process in emerging economies, structure of economy, supply and demand. Overall a key issue to policy makers to ensure a sustainable long - term growth of economy and compatability of different growth models. The paper assesses recent theoretical debates and provides an outline of economic policy framework the most conducive to global environment. Scientists have been researching economic growth for a long time and theoretical debates are still going on whether public policy can and to what extent influence the growth. A stable economic and political framework facilitates economic development as a result of the accumulation of factors of production, including human capital. The growth can be elusive, and can hinge on factors well beyond domestic policy control. Whether or not public policies do, in fact, foster growth depends on the sources and impediments to growth prevailing in the economy and the wider constellation of constraints and opportunities posed by the global economic setting. Economic integration and globalisation encourage trade liberation and lead to market expansion, more investment and more rapid adoption of technology. Traditional working patterns shifting to more flexible models, value of time is growing, so does demand for high quality services, creativity in employing available technologies is defining competitive ability in productive sector. Cultural background adds exclusivity to a quality of services. Integration also creates more employment opportunities for people by setting up a legal basis for free labour movement. However, increased factors mobility poses a challenge for policy makers and raises new questions how to avoid boom-and-bust with capital flows and how to deal with fiscal pressure driven by labour mobility. New challenges in fiscal forecasting related to the fact that traditional methods -- detailed modeling approach, effective tax rate, and elasticity -- relay on historical data and miss far - reaching changes. Public policy change can influence the expected long-term growth rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Management / Vadyba (16487974) is the property of Lithuania Business University of Applied Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper describes the Renaissance phenomenon and name,its peculiarities and connection with innovations in different areas of life of the Lithuanian society and with historic personalities. Preconditions for the phenomenon s existence occurred in 1518-1655. Circumstances hindering cognoscibility of the phenomenon are analysed. The construction and decoration technique of the Renaissance are characterized. The method of material selection for this paper is described. The discovered cases of Renaissance construction and reconstruction in Vilnius are briefly reviewed. It is found that Renaissance construction determined the urban framework of Vilnius historic part. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with issues of high-rise building development and contemporary problems related to the formation of city development vision in Lithuania. The analysis focuses on the possibilities and problems arising in the process of developing the Special Plan of high-rise building arrangement in Klaipėda in the formation of the visual image of the city. The methodology of this Plan is discussed by the author in two papers. The present paper is the first one and analyses two stages of the plan development. The first stage is the analysis of the current situation in Klaipėda and possibilities to introduce high-rise buildings into the city morphostructure. This stage comprises 7 aspects: evaluation of the territory development from the point of view of investment possibilities; historical development of the city structure; hierarchy of values of preserved territories; analysis of the territory planning documents regulating townscape formation; evaluation of visual peculiarities; definition of visual identity zones, analysis and evaluation of important mass view points as well as evolvents of views seen from them. The second stage of developing the Special Plan constitutes efforts to define the conception of high-rise buildings arrangement on a city scale, central part scale and old-town scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is devoted to the analysis of the main contemporaty notions of metropolization in the doctrine of the EU, its development, pluses and minuses and to the consideration of the present processes taking place in this respect in modernday Lithuania. In the beginning the author widely points to the main terms, such as metropolis, region metropolitan region, and shortly reviews the history of the EU, its territory planning principles. He reveals the early roots of these conceptions found in the works of utopian thinkers - Sir Thomas More, Robert Owen - productively continued in the territory planning blueprints of the 19th century accomplished by A. Soria y Mata and E. Howard. An important stage of modern regional planning, paving the way to the later EU steps in this sphere, were wide-scale planning projects of the early decades of the 20th century and especially post-war regional programmes like Great London development. All these achievements of the past in regional planning enabled to arrive at an idea of uniting efforts on a European scale which took place in 1970 and to proclaim the Europe's Regional Planning Chart seventeen years later. The prominent Maastricht Treaty signed in 1992 finally balanced the interests of the whole Europe and laid down the fundamentals of its "common home'. The regional situation in Lithuania, as in all the new EU member states, is rather multipartite. Its greatest drawback is lack of its own representative in the highest echelon of the Baltic Sea Region urban categories - in the composition of cities officially included into the list of the so-called European Cities. This status provides the most prestigious situation and evident advantages in the international urban network as well as in the interconnectional relations and cooperation of the largest metropolies. Eventually the grade of Euro City presents as if an important "gate" to the wide field of various beneficial actions overgrowing national borders. The author reports his position towards Lithuania's abilities "to delegate" its representative to the top of the BSR city hierarchy. According to the arguments given in the paper, an exclusive chance to achieve this international appreciation is through employing a unique and unprecedented situation of the country namely, existence of the twin cities of Vilnius and Kaunas, similarity of their size and typological feature, their close many-sided cooperation, distinction by intensive oncoming commuting flows and so on. Studies of labour market show that in this spontaneous urban belt a qualitatively new model of "job-residing" location comes into being: to settle in one city and to work in the other one. Together with improving communication between these cities and mounting traffic rate, this process will certainly flourish. By a reasonable regulation and stimulation of these spontaneous processes, a great combined metropolitan unit ("dipolis") containing Vilnius and Kaunas can be formed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Technological & Economic Development of Economy is the property of Vilnius Gediminas Technical University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Economics / Ekonomika is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Business: Theory & Practice is the property of Vilnius Gediminas Technical University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Business: Theory & Practice is the property of Vilnius Gediminas Technical University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The physical sprawl of a town is one of the main factors having an influence on peri-urban functional development and economic expansion. After Lithuania became a member of the EU, it is predicted that the biggest towns and especially the capital of Vilnius will undergo considerable changes in its peri-urban structure. The aim of this paper is to discus the evaluation criteria and facts of the interface between urban factors - urban development and open landscape - natural landscape, agricultural landscape, green recreational areas in peri-urban landscape. Foreign practical and theoretical works are the base of the study and discussion. The paper presents the main definitions concerning the theme. On the basis of an ecosystematic approach the evaluation aspects are classified into the following groups: territorial, morphological, contextual-visual, aesthetical, sociocultural, social and ecological groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents an update on the actual topics of research in diverse lines of urban and volumetric architecture with an outline of important social, economical and environmental areas. Modern research should involve partnership from the public sector and business, Topics for research could be obtained in the above introduced areas, thus practically implementing and testing the results of research. The articles of recent publication have been peer-reviewed and evaluated by the members of the scientific committee of the conference. Eleven articles have been selected. Eight authors are representatives of VGTU. The papers produced by the authors from Riga Technical University, the University of Weimar and Vilnius Academy of Arts have also been chosen. The topics of the selected articles reveal the authors’ interests in the traditional and non-conventional areas of research. Urban structure and identity, landscape and recreation, mobility and architectural heritage aspects are reflected in the picked out papers. Article in Lithuanian Šiandienos iššūkiai teminio žurnalo numerio straipsniuose Santrauka Pastarojo laikotarpio ūkio raidos pamokos pareikalavo persvarstyti visuomenės vertybes ir standartinį supratimą apie pažangą Lietuvoje net labiau nei kitur už jos ribų. Visuomenė, patikėjusi, kad pažanga pasiekiama skubotomis investicijomis į medžiaginę sritį, gavo skaudžiai pajusti ūkio visuotinio nuosmukio kartėlį. Tokia padėtis reikalauja, kad ir akademinio sektoriaus lyderiai savo moksliniuose tyrimuose atsigręžtų į ūkio sąstingio sukeltus visuomenės pokyčius, įgaunančius laiko ženklų pobūdį mūsų miestų aplinkoje. Šios srities tyrėjų žvilgsnis turi apimti aštrias visuomenei iškilusias problemas ir nesitenkinti vien uždaro intereso akademinėmis treniruotėmis. Pagrindiniai barai, kuriuose laukiama architektūros meno ir mokslo meistrų žodžio, yra susiję su integralia aplinka, visuomenės lūkesčiais ir ūkio raida. Masiškai tiražuoti beveidžiai būstai jau tapo nuosmukio pranašais ir savo laikotarpio paminklais. Prieinamo, socialiai ir kontekstualiai adaptuoto būsto kūrimo klausimai turėtų rasti atgarsį šiandienos jaunųjų tyrėjų darbuose. Išteklių stygius sukrėtė viešųjų paslaugų sektorių ir taip palietė kiekvieno gyventojo interesus. Sveikatos apsauga, švietimas, ikimokyklinė priežiūra tampa vis sunkiau prieinama. Kaip šie procesai turėtų būti planuojami miestų plėtros požiūriu? Kokiais būdais turi būti restruktūrizuojama ir transformuojma griūti pasiruošusi viešųjų paslaugų sritis? Darbo vietų stoka skaudžiai palietė daugelio šeimų gerovę. Kokie šiuolaikinės technologijų, nuotolinių komunikacijų plėtros vejamo verslo sektoriaus plėtros mieste modeliai? Kaip turi plėtotis miestų kraštovaizdis, kad jis būtų geriau pasiekiamas rekreacijos, sveikatos, mobilumo ir kitais tikslais? Kaip panaudoti besiplečiančios atsinaujinančiosios energetikos sistemas bei elementus miestų plėtrai ir pavienių kompleksų architektūrai? Šių metų leidiniui atrinkti straipsniai atspindi Lietuvos ir užsienio jaunųjų mokslininkų atliekamus tyrimus, kurie apima miestų struktūros ir tapatumo, kraštovaizdžio ir rekreacijos, susisiekimo ir architektūros paveldo sritis. Reikšminiai žodžiai: ūkio vystymasis, viešosios paslaugos, architektūros mokslas, tyrimai, miestų plėtra.

Contemporary (new) public governance is primarily characterized as an innovative governance of public organizations' activities. Scientists have sufficiently purified the structural elements of the new public governance, however it leads to a new dimension in the context of the global economic-financial crisis, there are new categories, permanently complementing the contemporary public governance theoretical structures. The paper analyzes a very important problem from theoretical-methodological and practical point -- the governance of innovative public projects' preparation and implementation. It is understood as the realization of public policy innovativeness formulating and implementing public decisions, strategic tasks. Public projects, as a part of public policy (in this case -- science and technology policy), takes on new forms and contents of governance today. They are determined by global processes, know-how dispersal, the contextuality of socio-economic development processes and its differences across regions, countries and even structures. The authors have chosen one successfully acting high school -- Kaunas University of Technology which actually helps to solve a number of country's economic, social and environmental issues, satisfy the legitimate expectations of variety social stratification groups through project activities, innovation creation and implementation efforts as well as their need for various public spheres. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Results of the possibility to use economic theories for assessment of the uniqueness of regions are presented in this paper. Economic and social challenges influence a necessity to use assessment of regional uniqueness to ensure regional prosperity and economic advantages of the region by using existing cultural, natural, human and other resources that are important for international and national economic development. It is not sufficient to assess only regional competitiveness and its potential for creation of regional prosperity. Unique features of the region can be used for increasing regional economic growth. The uniqueness of a region is measured in economic terms, so it is important to assess the possibility to use economic theories for construction of an assessment methodology. It was selected to assess classical, growth and innovation theories. The results reveal that regional economic theories can be used for construction of a regional uniqueness assessment methodology for identification of regional groups, firstly, for increasing regional specialisation, secondly, for using tools and measures that increase regional income and, thirdly, for developing the region as an innovation and knowledge centre. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the process of organizational leadership in Central and East Europe (CEE). It is challenging to perform such investigation, as the leadership as a phenomena is traditionally analysed using the anglo-saxon approach. This approach determines the criterion that describes the efficiency of leadership, which is based on objective performances, whereas social and cultural context of leadership is latent. Traditionally, the presentation of leaderships is measured by the managers' trait, organizational values, relationship with stakeholders and other indicators that depict business efficiency. It should be noted that studies involving the use of these indicators reveals highly negative performances of leadership in CEE. When considering the cost-effectiveness of the management, these indicators are uniquely valuable and usable for performance measurement. However, leadership effectiveness is not identical to the economic performance; it is not an element of efficiency, but rather the expression of perceptions. Leadership is a process in which the leader gets the trust and becomes recognized. Accordingly, this article critically reviews the studies on organizational leadership in CEE and evaluates the main trends of leadership development during last two decades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Socialinis Darbas is the property of Mykolas Romeris University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Every country faces more or less acute safety issues. Compared with other EU countries, Lithuania takes a stand as a country with large number of traffic accidents, crimes, injuries, suicide. In order to address these problems rapidly and effectively, a more active contribution of local authorities is required. However, Lithuanian municipalities do not have a unified pattern or practice for ensuring public safety at local level and developing safe communities. Lithuanian scientists have not yet suggested any complex managerial tools for building and developing safe communities. This study is intended to begin filling this gap. The objective of this paper is to offer the municipal organisational structure as one of the prerequisites for safe design and development of the municipality. It describes the prerequisites for improving safety in Lithuanian municipalities and creating safe communities. It was found that under Lithuanian law municipalities implement relevant functions that directly affect safety within local community. The authors present suggestions for creating (or improving existing) organisational structure needed to implement and develop the principles of a safe community. Carefully planned and consistently completed proposals are likely to lead to sustainable, efficient and effective organisational structure of a safe community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction works of the Ignalina nuclear power plant as well as the town of Visaginas for plant employees (former Sniečkus) were started in Lithuania in the 1970s. As informants still remember, most construction crews of the town and the plant came from other parts of the former Soviet Union. The majority of Visaginas' inhabitants are Russians (Lietuvos statistikos departamentas 2002: 166). The plant is the major employer of Visaginas' population (Kavaliauskas 1999: 314-315). The first reactor of the nuclear power plant stopped operations in 2004, the second in 2009 (on the history of the plant and the town of Visaginas see Kavaliauskas 1999; Kavaliauskas 2003). This paper discusses how Visaginas' inhabitants interpret the closure of the Ignalina nuclear power plant and how people cope with unemployment, as well as social and economic difficulties. The author discusses whether deindustrialization in Visaginas, Lithuania, differs from similar processes in other socio-cultural contexts. Most data come from the fieldwork conducted by the author in 2000-2004 in Visaginas: more than 50 in-depth interviews conducted with inhabitants of Visaginas and empirical material gained by participant observation. The author worked as a volunteer at a local NGO and participated at some private and public events (for more see Sliavaite 2005). It is argued that the town of Visaginas and the nuclear power plant are important categories in identity construction for the inhabitants of Visaginas. The biographies of many of the town's population and the history of the town are closely interconnected (for more see Sliavaite 2005, see also people's memories in Kavaliauskas 2003). The plant itself was sometimes referred to by the informants as kormilica (in Russian, a food provider). The plant and the town were perceived by the informants as one interdependent unit and, therefore, the plant closure was usually perceived as negatively affecting not just the lives of its employees and their families, but the general Visaginas population as well. The anthropological studies of East and Central Europe are of key importance in discussing the ethnographic material from Visaginas and a number of parallels were pointed out when comparing Visaginas' material with other investigations conducted in the post-Soviet space (Ashwin 1999; Humphrey 1996/7; Kideckel 2002; Kideckel 2008; Klumbyte 2004; Klumbyte 2006a; Klumbyte 2006b; Klumbyte 2008; Nilsen [Nielsen] 2004; Verdery 1996, etc.). The researchers argue of a specific patronizing relation between soviet enterprise and its employees (Verdery 1996; Ashwin 1999; Nilsen [Nielsen] 2004; etc.). I argue that the Ignalina nuclear power plant, even in the post-Soviet period, could be characterized as preserving certain features characteristic of a Soviet enterprise as suggested by anthropologists. Even while under a threat of closure, the plant was still an "island" (terminology after Nilsen [Nielsen] 2004) of social and economic stability. Consequently, people on this "island" (terminology after Nilsen [Nielsen] 2004) did not have an opportunity to gain certain skills, experience, or the flexibility necessary for them to adapt to the post-Soviet social and economic transformations that have occurred in Lithuania. Visaginas' inhabitants in 2000-2004 expressed uncertainty about the future, argued of social insecurity. Similar feelings were reported by a number of researchers who studied economic decline, deindustrialisation in the post-Soviet space (see Ashwin 1999; Buyandelgeriyn 2007; Kideckel 2002; Kideckel 2008; Klumbytė 2006a, etc.) As we have seen, individuals, households, and the civic sector employ different strategies to resist present and future social and economic difficulties and the theoretical model developed by Albert O.Hirschman (Hirschman 1972) was applied in analysing them. As is demonstrated, in Visaginas, the strategies range from "exit" to "voice" (terminology after Hirschman 1972). Emigration is a clear sign of "exit" (terminology after Hirschman 1972). "Voice" (terminology after Hirschman 1972) is expresed by such activities as development of projects of economic re-orientation, participation and articulation of local people's opinion at various national and international meetings, etc. One more strategy, referred to as "waiting" (term used by Crapanzano 1986), could be suggested in order to understand the particular aspects of the local context. "Waiting" refers to the behavior when informants wait for final decision regarding plant closure and / or allocate the responsibility for one's future to "others" - authorities, government, etc. Discussing the case of the Ignalina nuclear power plant, we have to bear in mind that any industrial plant was heavily loaded by ideology during Soviet times (Ashwin 1999; Hohnen 2001; Kideckel 2002; Kideckel 2008; Klumbytė 2006a, etc.). The Ignalina nuclear power plant was a provider of jobs, services, and served as a gatekeeper to certain resources under the Soviet regime, as well as a symbol of development of Soviet society. The decline of such a structure affects not just the economic and social situation of local people, but their life-worlds and worldviews. However, as was pointed out by K. Newman (Newman 1988), a successful enterprise in Western societies could also be percieved as a guarantee of social and economic stability, supplying people's lives with meaning, as a kind of patron of local community (see Newman's 1988 analysis of the Singer plant decline). The question whether there are any substantial differences between de-industrialization in the post-Soviet space and closure of any capitalist enterprise and people's attitudes towards it, still remains without a clear answer and needs further investigations and cross-cultural comparison. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Socialinių Mokslų Studijos is the property of Mykolas Romeris University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present paper deals with the impact of alternative investment funds on economy and possibilities of improving regulation of their activity. The recent years have seen a rapid development of alternative investment funds, namely hedge funds and private equity funds. Due to relatively low interest rates and excess liquidity in financial markets, these funds reached such a scale that they could influence real economies. Although the activities of the alternative investment funds may influence liquidity and efficiency of the markets in a positive way, they could not be valuated unequivocally, since they often have negative consequences. Contradictory objectives of the alternative investment funds and the Lisbon Strategy or at least their different time horizons determine the negative impacts of these funds on the long-term economic growth and employment in the labour market. Furthermore, these funds have different impacts (and most often negative ones) on the behaviour of the companies and financial markets. The lack of transparency and regulation, employment reduction, overindebtedness of the companies, tax avoidance and other corporate governance problems distort competition and endanger economic stability. The present article aims at searching for adequate regulation of the activities of alternative investment funds. The methodology of the research comprises statistical methods and a comparative analysis of the regulation norms. In order to neutralise the negative impacts of hedge and private equity funds, it is recommended to develop the regulation of the considered norms in the following directions: 1) to encourage long-term investments in the following ways: weighting of the voting rights according to the duration of property, higher tax rates for short-term investments; 2) to prevent tax avoidance providing the following: collection of taxes according to the country of the contract subject or fund manager (not to the country of fund registration because most of them are registered in so-called "tax heavens"), tax discrimination of the offshore funds, as well as limited interest exclusion from the taxable profit; 3) to ensure greater transparency of the markets and to strengthen economic stability by the following means: minimum financial reporting standards, a new European directive introducing minimum standards for information disclosure, and minimum capital requirements for companies; 4) to enhance investor and employee protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globalization, prevailing trend of development of contemporary societies, inevitably influences visual and social aspects of cities. Changes of cities influenced by globalization are usually associated with increasing uniformity of residential environment, decline of public spaces, fragmentation and commercialization of urban environment. Decline of traditional territorial communities, suburbanization, gentrification, and stratification are also observed in urban societies. These processes not only influence quality of life in urban territories, but also their visual characteristics. Changes of urban environment and societies influenced by globalizing processes strongly affect city's historic environment. Striving towards sustainable development of cities it is necessary to analyze the impacts of globalization on urban environment, historic centers and districts and to search for possibilities to use its social and economic benefits and to avoid its negative influence on city's identity and society. The influence of globalizing processes on cities, their historic environment and societies is discussed in the paper and the proposed model for optimization of the influence of globalization on historic environment with urban design means is presented. The proposed model is applied to Kaunas historic center. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]