Search

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the validity of the PRE-DELIRIC model and E-PRE-DELIRIC model. Methods: Patients who underwent cardiac surgery at a tertiary hospital between January 2019 and December 2022 were included. The presence or absence of delirium was determined based on risk groups, and the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive power, and negative predictive power were verified using the Youden index. Receiver operating characteristic curves were derived for the PRE-DELIRIC model and E-PRE-DELIRIC model, the area under the curve was calculated, and the 95% confidence interval (CI) was presented. Results: The incidence of delirium was 28.8%. The average scores of the PRE-DELIRIC model and E-PRE-DELIRIC model were 49.72±29.91 and 18.14±0.41, respectively. In the PRE-DELIRIC model, for which a cut-off point of 14.05 was established using the Youden index, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive power, and negative predictive power were 64.8%, 83.2%, 61.0%, and 85.4%, respectively. In the E-PRE-DELIRIC model, with a cut-off point of 64.01, the corresponding indicators were 73.1%, 51.5%, 37.8%, and 82.6%, respectively. The areas under the curve for the PRE-DELIRIC model and the E-PRE-DELIRIC model were 0.77 (95% CI, 0.74-0.82) and 0.65 (95% CI, 0.61-0.69), respectively. Conclusion: It may be helpful to use both the E-PRE-DELIRIC and PRE-DELIRIC models. The two prediction models are expected to help improve the quality of nursing for the early detection and prevention of delirium, enabling intensive observations and interventions for patients at high risk of delirium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aimed to identify trends in changes of cognitive function, physical function, depression, and activities of daily living (ADL) among people with dementia who had used day care centers for at least 12 months, through the analysis of data collected from day care center records. Methods: The participants in this descriptive survey were 63 older people with dementia. Data were collected from two dementia day care centers located in Incheon city. General characteristics and disease related characteristics were analyzed in terms of the frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. Correlations between major variables were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient. Cognitive function, depression, physical performance, and ADL were analyzed using the mean, standard deviation, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and Friedman test. Results: The mean age of the participants was 77.33±6.73 years (range, 58 to 91 years) when they began attending the centers. Cognitive function significantly increased at 3 months (18.63±5.06), 6 months (18.73±5.20), and 12 months (18.63±5.43) compared to baseline (17.41±4.77). Depression significantly decreased at 3 months(2.94±2.96), 6 months (3.13±3.14), and 12 months (2.81±3.27) compared to baseline (5.20±3.87). At 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months, the physical function score (respectively 10.19±2.90, 10.33±2.84, 10.11±2.55) increased significantly compared to baseline (9.13±3.01). ADLs decreased at 3 months (8.51±1.92), 6 months (8.67±2.12), and 12 months (8.89±2.19) compared to baseline (8.41±1.88). Conclusion: Without receiving customized day care service for dementia, cognitive function and physical function will decline and depressive feelings will increase. Therefore, delaying cognitive decline, reducing depression, and improving physical function through the use of day care services, especially at an early stage are essential to strengthen and maintain aging in place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Acute respiratory failure (ARF) is one of the most common causes of intensive care unit (ICU) admission and in-hospital mortality. In South Korea, about 25% of patients admitted to the ICU require mechanical ventilation. The in-hospital mortality rate of these patients is 48%. Respiratory failure can be categorized based on pathophysiologic derangements, and the treatment options vary depending on their classification. This study discusses the status and treatment strategies of patients with ARF in Korea. Current Concepts: The most common treatment for ARF was conventional oxygen therapy, being used at least once in 7.0% of all admitted adult patients and 85.1% of patients admitted with respiratory failure. High-flow oxygen therapy was required in 1.4% of all admissions and 17.2% of respiratory failure-related admissions. High-flow oxygen therapy was attempted in 19.1% of patients who needed invasive mechanical ventilation. Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIV) was used in 0.4% of all admissions and 5.1% of respiratory failure-related admissions. Hypercapnic respiratory failure (57.1%) was the most common reason for NIV use. Invasive mechanical ventilation was required in 2.8% of all admissions and 33.8% of respiratory failure-related admissions. Discussion and Conclusion: Despite its clinical significance, no large-scale studies have been performed on the etiology, treatment, and prognosis of patients with ARF in South Korea. A multicenter or a Korean National Health Insurance Service database study is necessary to accurately identify the characteristics, diagnose problems, and develop treatment guidelines for patients with ARF in South Korea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the effects of low temperature conditions on the expansion of choux when mixing the dough with egg fluid. The egg fluid was tested at 5 and 17oC, and the dough temperature was 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 or 70oC. The expansion decreased with decreasing temperature of the egg fluid and dough, with the concomitant formation of membranes in the cavities of choux because of the poor emulsion stability of the choux paste. In addition, the structure of the choux pastry was not dense and the cracks in the surface were partial and narrow. The shape, expansion and cracks of choux were the best at a dough temperature of 60 and 70oC added with egg fluid at 17oC. The temperature of the choux paste in these two samples was higher than the melting point of the butter used to produce the paste. Therefore, the practical limit temperature when mixing the egg fluid and dough is 20 and 60oC, respectively, and care should ve taken to maintain a low temperature when making choux in confectionary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) is the most common form of the inflammatory myopathies in children. This study was aimed to describe clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of JDM. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 25 patients who were diagnosed as JDM based on Bohan and Peter criteria at Seoul National University Children's Hospital from January 2003 to December 2015. Results: Among 25 patients, 13 (52%) patients were male. The mean age at diagnosis was 7.0 (1.6-13.8) years and the duration from expression of initial symptoms to diagnosis was 4.1(0.0-13.1) months. The follow up duration was 4.8 (0.6-10.8) years and the treatment duration was 3.2 (0.6-9.0) years. Twelve (48%) patients achieved remission, and the relapse rate was 0.3 (0.0-0.8) times/year. In 13 patient of steroidresponse group, 10 (77%) patients achieved remission and relapse rate of 0.2 (0.0-0.8) times/year. However, 2 (17%) of 12 patients (P =0.005) obtained remission in steroid-resistance group with relapse rate of 0.4 (0.0-0.7) times/year. In 6 of earlyonset group, 1 (17%) patient achieved remission, but 11 (58%) of 19 patients in lateonset group achieved remission. Also, subcutaneous calcinosis was more combined in steroid-resistance group (P =0.002). Conclusion: Comparing to adult dermatomyositis, treatment response and prognosis of JDM might be more favorable. On the basis of our observations, steroid resistance at initial treatment, high relapse rate, earlier age of onset less than 3 years old, and presence of subcutaneous calcinosis was poor prognostic factors. For confirmative conclusion, further study in large numbers of JDM cohort will be needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aims: The semiquantitative parameter "standard uptake value" (SUV) of 18Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron-emission tomography (PET) provides important additional information about colorectal cancer. In general, colorectal cancers exhibit different growth patterns with different clinicopathological characteristics. The aim of this study was to elucidate the link between the macroscopic appearance of colorectal cancers and maximum SUV (SUVmax) FDG uptakes. Methods: We analyzed 347 patients with colorectal cancer who underwent PET scanning before treatment. The SUVmax of colorectal cancer was analyzed by examining PET images. The macroscopic appearance of each colorectal cancer was classified into three major types: ulcerofungating (n=223), ulceroinfiltrating (n=44), and fungating (n=78). Two cases that were difficult to classify were excluded from the study. Results: The SUVmax was higher in colorectal cancers with an ulcerofungating appearance (12.19±5.84, mean±standard deviation) and ulceroinfiltrating appearance (11.66±5.63) than in those with a fungating appearance (9.58±6.67; P=0.005) (ulcerofungating and ulceroinfiltrative vs. fungating, P<0.001). A smaller tumor size (P<0.001) were significantly related to the fungating colorectal cancer. Four out of six colorectal cancers that did not show FDG uptake were the fungating type. Conclusions: Colorectal cancers with a fungating appearance exhibit a lower SUVmax, shallower invasion and smaller tumor size. Our results indicate that colorectal cancers with a fungating appearance would be less prominent on PET scan than those with an ulcerofungating or ulceroinfiltrating appearance, and thus require more attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]