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This study aimed to identify the perspectives which students in the nursery teacher training stage judge suspected abuse based on the condition of children and their parents. A questionnaire survey of 22 junior college students and 26 faculty members suggested that the students were more passive in judging abuse than the faculty members. Especially, it was difficult for students to judge abuse without physical symptoms or visible characteristics as abuse. In order to develop perspectives useful for early detection of abuse, students in the nursery school teacher training stage should study the concrete examples, such as instability, lethargy, and aggressiveness seen in abused children. And they should learn other examples such as negative attitudes of parents suspected of abuse toward relationships with nursery schools and kindergartens.

【目的】子ども時代の被虐待経験と健康関連QOLとの間に，どのようなレジリエンスや保護要因が存在するかを明らかにする． 【方法】データベースはPubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, SCOPUSを利用し，文献レビューを行った．キーワードはChild Abuse，Child Maltreatment，Social Support，Resilience，Health-Related Quality of Lifeを掛け合わせ，128編の論文を抽出した．内容に該当しないものを除外し，英語論文17編を解析対象とした． 【結果】個人レベルのレジリエンスや保護要因は，精神状態やうつ症状，身体状況，日常生活状況や健康促進行動，レジリエンスの程度，情緒的サポートであった．家族レベルでは，家族構造や両親の関係性，コミュニティレベルでは，ソーシャルサポートやコミュニティサポートがあった． 【結論】子ども時代に被虐待経験があると健康関連QOLは低い傾向があるが，レジリエンスや保護要因は健康関連QOLを高める作用があることがわかった． Some people with high resilience and/or sufficient protective factors have high health-related quality of life (HRQoL) even if they have been abused. The aim of this review was to clarify the resilience and protective factors that affect the relationship between child abuse and HRQoL. Systematic searches of electronic bibliographic databases were conducted using keywords related to child abuse, child maltreatment, HRQoL, resilience, and social support. The initial literature search produced 128 results, from which 17 articles were finally selected. The following items were reported as resilience and protective factors. At the individual level, the factors included mental condition, symptoms of depression, physical condition, daily living situation, health promotion behavior, extent of resilience, and emotional support. At the family level, the factors included family structure and the parents' relationship. At the community level, the factors included social support networks and community support. There was a negative relationship between child abuse and HRQoL, and resilience and protective factors were found to mediate this relationship., 保健学研究, 35, pp.11-21; 2022

There are a certain number of families in which child maltreatment deaths have occurred suddenly, with little concerns about the safety of their children despite being backed up by continued support. In this study, we examined the needs of such families and the leading cause of the child's death, based on the reports of Results of verification into child abuse cases which resulted in death and the judicial precedents.The research method was to collect the reports of Results of verification into child abuse cases which resulted in death in fiscal year 2019. We checked whether the judicial precedents for the relevant cases had been published, and compared the reports of Results of verification into child abuse cases which resulted in death with the judicial precedents in order to pick up the cases that are to be the subject matter of this paper. As a result of organizing the cases chronologically, the following issues were identified:（1）the verification of deaths cases by local authorities,（2）the response to the presenting problems faced by families, and（3）the sense of frustration made obvious by the judicial precedents.

学校における児童虐待予防教育は喫緊の課題であり、高等学校学習指導要領では家庭科の必履修科目２科目において共に児童虐待の記載がなされている。本研究では、高等学校家庭科教員による保育分野における授業での児童虐待への取り組みについて明らかにすることを目的とし、全国の公立高等学校で普通科課程のみが設置されている学校から1,000 校を無作為抽出し、対象校において家庭科を担当している者を対象とした質問紙調査を実施した。有効回答数は282 票であった。調査の結果、児童虐待を授業で取り扱っている学校は、246校（87.2％）であり、高等学校家庭科教育が児童虐待の防止につながると回答したのは、221 校（78.4％）であった。授業で「子ども理解」「適切な親子関係」「児童虐待の現状」「育児不安や育児ストレス」「子育て支援」「子どもの人権」「子どもの権利」「子どもの福祉」について学習することが児童虐待の防止につながるのではないかと考えられる。

目的：本研究の目的は、児童虐待によって死亡した症例の特徴について、症例報告を用いて明らかにすることである。方法：医学中央雑誌 Web 版を用いて「児」「死亡」「虐待」を検索用語に設定し、症例報告選定した。次いで症例報告から症例を収集した後、虐待の種類で分類し、各グループ間の差異をχ² 検定ならびに Welch の検定により確認した。結果：選定した症例報告は25件であり、掲載されていた症例数は28件であった。これらの文献で報告されていた児の年齢は平均35.8ヶ月であった。虐待の種類は身体的虐待が最も多く、次いでネグレクト、心中自殺となっていた。分析の結果、経済問題、児童相談所への通告、警察への通報においてグループ間に有意差が確認された（p ＜ 0.01）。児の年齢ではネグレクトと心中自殺の二つのクラスターの間で有意差が確認された（p ＜ 0.01）。考察：警察への通報は身体的虐待では9割を超えていた一方、ネグレクトは約3割と低値であった。心中自殺は比較的児の年齢が高く、かつ児童相談所への通告や警察への通報が不明であり、経済的問題があることが特徴と考えられた。心中自殺の症例数が少なかったことから、今後はさらに症例を収集し、実態を解明することが課題である。, Purpose：This study identified the characteristics of child abuse death transferred to healthcare settings with the use of case studies.Methods: Using the Ichushi database, case studies were selected using the search terms "child", "death", and "abuse". After the cases were collected, we classified them by type of abuse and established the differences between the groups using the χ ² test and Welch’s test.Results: In all, 28 cases were selected from 25 case studies. The average age of the children described in these documents was 35.8 months. The most common type of abuse was physical abuse, followed by neglect and double suicide. The analyses we conducted demonstrated significant differences among the three groups in economic problems, prevalence of notification of children’s welfare center, and reporting to police (p ＜ 0.01). A significant difference was found as well between the two groups of neglect and double suicide in the child’s age (p ＜ 0.01).Discussion：While more than 90% of physical abuse cases had been reported to the police, the rate was low for cases of neglect (about 30%). Double suicide cases were characterized by the relatively high age of the child, lack of notification of a children’s welfare center or reporting to the police, and economic problems. Due to the small sample size for double suicides, more cases should be collected to clarify the actual situation.

PDF, 要旨 本研究では，乳児院が支援対象とする乳幼児のニーズとは何かを明らかにし，今後の専門的支援に関する研究上の課題を見出すため，ニーズに関するこれまでの乳児院研究をレビューした。その結果，乳児院の子どもは多様なニーズを持ち，さらに保護者のニーズも，安心して保護者と関わるための子どものニーズであることが示唆された。今後は，子どものニーズがどのように各専門職員に理解され，職員チームや関係機関との共通理解のうえに連携されているのか，その過程の実証的研究が課題であると考えられた。, In this study， we reviewed previous infant homes research to clarify the needs of infants supported by infant homes and determine future research issues regarding professional support. Our results suggest that infants have diverse needs. In addition, parents and infants need to interact in a secure environment. Essential issues for future empirical research should focus on how specialists develop a better understanding of infant’s needs and how staff teams and related organizations might work together to support infants based on a common framework．

本稿は，藤森のX県の児童相談所一時保護所での１年間の学習指導の経験を踏まえた，教育と福祉の連携の検討について報告するものである。児童虐待は社会全体にとっての大きな課題となっている。また，いじめや暴力行為，不登校など，学校における生徒指導上の諸課題の背景として，児童虐待の問題が影響を与えているケースが少なくない。学校や教員は，重大な人権侵害である児童虐待の予防・発見，虐待を受けた子どもへの対応において，充分な役割を果たすよう求められている。児童虐待への対応の目標は，保護者と子どもの関係を支え，救うということである。そのためには，学校・教員も，知識と対応力が必要であり，適切な理解と対応の在り方を学ばなければならないことについて明らかにしたものである。, This paper is a report for the examination of the cooperation between education and welfare based on the experience of one year of learning guidance in the child guidance center . Child abuse has become a major challenge for society as a whole. In addition, there are many cases in which the problem of child abuse influences as the background of various problems in student guidance in schools such as bullying, violent acts, and truancy. Schools and teachers are required to play a sufficient role in preventing and finding child abuse, which is a serious human rights violation, and in responding to abused children. The goal of responding to child abuse is to support and save the relationship between parents and children. In order to do so, it was clarified that schools and teachers also need knowledge and response skills for child abuse, and that they must learn how to understand and respond child abuse appropriately.

Bowlbyがアタッチメント理論を公表してから半世紀が経つが，その重要性は色褪せていない。子どもの養育者への健全なアタッチメントは，その後の健康と適応を保証するほどの要因となる。逆に言えば，その歪みはその後の人生において多様で深刻な問題をもたらすことになる。本論文においては最初にこのアタッチメントについて概説し，そこからアタッチメントの無秩序・無方向型（D型）の特徴と問題性の大きさを強調した。その後，近年発生数が急増している養育者から子どもへの虐待の問題について，被虐待児の多くがD型のアタッチメントを持つことに注目した。そして，この虐待とアタッチメントの関係を考慮し，虐待問題への解決にアタッチメントの歪みからアプローチすることを本論文の主題として浮かび上がらせた。そこで，D型のアタッチメントを変容させることを念頭に，まず虐待の現象を概説した。その後，親から子どもへの虐待に至り，被虐待児がアタッチメントの歪みからトラウマなど重篤な問題，さらには外在化ならびに内在化の問題を示すに至る過程を明らかにし，その間に複数の介入ポイントを明示した。そして，その介入ポイントに従い，被虐待児を救い，虐待に至る親の態度を変容させる方途や，トラウマや内外在化の問題を解決する方法のあり方にふれた。虐待は世代間連鎖を生む確率が高く，その点でも虐待を受けた子どものパーソナリティの歪みを虐待につながらない特性にまで変容させることが急務になっていることが強調された。, Although half a century has past since Bowlby introduced the theory of attachment, its signifi cance has never been fading. Non-distorted attachment is a crucial factor that guarantees healthy and adaptive life of children thereafter. To speak reversely, distorted attachment brings about various problems in later stages of life. First, the current paper roughly explained about attachment, underscoring the characteristics and importance of disorganized/disoriented attachment type (Type D). Afterward, Type D attachment was focused as an attachment type as which abused children are often classifi ed, and then the relationships between this type and child abuse that is rapidly increasing in recent years were emphasized as the main theme in this paper. So, next, the phenomena of child abuse were depicted, clarifying multiple intervention points on the process from abusing to various psychological problems such as trauma and external/internal problems through falling in D-type attachment. And according to the intervention points, methods to modify parental child-rearing attitudes and childrenʼs distorted attachment and to address psychological problems of abused children were introduced. Considering that child abuse produces intergeneration chains, it is an urgent task to modify abused childrenʼs distorted personality into the one that does not lead to abuse of their own children.

目的：虐待被害経験に加え何らかの障害のある里子の自立に向けて，里親がどのような養育上の困難さを抱えているか明らかにする． 方法：全国の里親およびファミリーホームを対象に，郵送法で自記式質問紙調査を実施した．調査内容は，被虐待経験に加えて何らかの障害や疾患のある里子の養育経験の有無について調査し，その障害・疾患名およびそういった里子の自立支援における問題や困難さについて自由記述にて収集して質的分析を行った． 結果：1186件中358件から回答が得られた（回収率30.4％）．そのうち，被虐待経験に加えて何らかの障害や疾患のある里子の養育経験があるのは123件であった（有効回答率34.4％）．障害・疾患には，複数の疾患が記述されており，のべ186の記述に分けられた．精神疾患が155，身体疾患が25であり，F70-F79知的障害〈精神遅滞〉35，F80-F89心理的発達の障害59，F90-F98小児＜児童＞期及び青年期に通常発症する行動及び情緒の障害31が多かった．自立支援における問題についての記述から，【社会性や対人スキルの未熟さに関連する課題】【心理面の不安定さや自尊感情の低さに関連する課題】【子どもの障害に対する里親支援不足に関連する課題】【移行支援の資源不足に関連する課題】【障害に対する本人と周囲の理解に関連する課題】という 5 つのカテゴリーとそれらに含まれる18のサブカテゴリーが抽出された． Aim: To identify the difficulties faced by foster parents in caring for foster children with disabilities, who have been victims of abuse, to help them become independent. Method: A self-administered questionnaire was sent to foster parents and family homes in Japan. We qualitatively analyzed the survey, in which the respondents were asked to indicate whether they had ever fostered a child with a disability or disease, in addition to having been abused, and to freely discuss the disability or disease and any problems or difficulties they had in supporting the independence of these foster children. Results: We received responses from 50 family homes and 73 foster parents. A total of 155 mental and 25 physical problems were mentioned. Of these, 35, 59, and 31 were related to mental retardation （F70-F79）, disorders of psychological development （F80-F89）, and behavioral and emotional disorders with onset usually occurring in childhood and adolescence （F90-F98）, respectively. The following five categories were extracted from the descriptions of problems in self-reliance support: those related to "immaturity of social and interpersonal skills," "psychological instability and low self-esteem," "lack of foster care support for children with disabilities," "lack of resources for transition support," and "understanding of disability by the individual and others." The five categories included 18 subcategories., 保健学研究, 34, pp.57-66; 2021

This study aimed to elucidate the perspectives regarding mothers of concern among professionals in the hospital outpatient pediatric dental clinic to prevent child abuse and enhance child development. We conducted a qualitative analysis of semi-structured interviews with 21 dentists and 5 dental hygienists who regularly assessed these mothers with potential multiple health and/or related problems. Mothers of concern included those “who neglect child care,” “who have difficulties in prolonging and supporting child health,” “with an unhealthy mother-child relationship to promote a child independence,” and “who stand out in the group.” Pediatric dentists’ and hygienists ’perspectives regarding mothers of concern emphasized the risk of child neglect, mothers’ health literacy, an unhealthy relationship, and mothers’ potential developmental disabilities. Additional research is necessary to develop multi-professional screening tools and care strategies.

児童虐待が成人後の痛み体験と関連することが近年報告されている。本研究では大学生を対象に児童虐待の一側面であるネグレクトの体験と痛み体験との関連性について調査を行った。方法：80名の大学生が年齢，性別，痛みの罹病期間，子供時代のネグレクト体験，痛み強度，痛みの感覚的側面，感情的側面，痛みによる生活障害，抑うつ，不安，痛みの破局化についての質問紙調査に参加した。結果：ネグレクト体験は痛み強度，痛みの感覚的側面，感情的側面と有意に相関していた。これらの関連は人口統計学的変数および痛みの破局化をコントロールした後も有意であった。しかし，ネグレクト体験と痛みの生活障害との関連は，人口統計学的変数と痛み強度，痛みの破局化をコントロールした後では有意でなくなった。ネグレクト体験は抑うつおよび不安とは関連していなかった。結論：これらの知見は（ 1 ）子供時代のネグレクト体験が大学生の痛み体験に影響する可能性，（ ２ ）ネグレクト体験と痛みによる生活障害の間の関連性を痛み強度が媒介する可能性を示唆している。

Child abuse is a widespread and serious problem in the Philippines. The purpose of this study was to determine the reality of the lives of parents who have experienced child abuse, and to develop an abuse prevention program tailored to the reality of the Philippines. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with parents who have experienced child abuse and their supporters to collect data and conduct a thematic analysis. The results showed that many parents in the Philippines were found to be in a situation similar to the Family Stress Model. In addition, it was speculated that parents were more likely to have lived in an environment where they were at high risk for inappropriate parenting during their childhoods., 本論文は令和2年度に広島大学大学院教育学研究科に提出された修士論文の一部を抜粋し，加筆，修正したものである。

日本においては子ども虐待が深刻になっており、2000（H12）年に制定された「児童虐待の防止等に関する法律」（以下、児童虐待防止法）は2020（R2）年までに、児童福祉法等の関連法と合わせると8回改正されている。しかし、法律の改正がなされても児童虐待件数は減少することはなく、増加し続けている。子ども虐待が報道されるたびに児童相談所の対応のあり方が問われることが多くなっている。厚生労働省は子ども虐待については発生予防・早期発見・早期の適切な対応・被虐待児の保護・自立に向けた支援が必要と考えている。大きな事件が生じるたびに、児童相談所も国も虐待が生じてからの対応に追われているように見えるが、実は、虐待予防の仕組みを作ることが重要である。そこで、本稿では、虐待予防の仕組みを検討するにあたって必要と思われる、子ども虐待の現状について明らかにし、虐待が子どもに及ぼす影響、および、虐待に対する日本の取り組みについて述べ、子ども虐待防止に向けての課題を検討した。, Child abuse has become a serious issue in Japan, and the "Act on Prevention of Child Abuse" enacted in 2000 has already been amended eight times combined with "Child Welfare Act" and related laws. Despite changes in the law however, the number of child abuse cases has not decreased, it has continued to increase. Child Guidance Centers are responsible when child abuse is reported. According to the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, child abuse requires support for prevention of outbreaks, early detection, appropriate measures at early stages, protection of abused children, and aids towards promoting independence. Every time a serious incident occurs, both the Child Guidance Center and the government seem to be busy dealing with the abuse, but in reality, it is important to create a system of abuse prevention. Therefore, this paper will clarify the current situation pretaining to child abuse, and how Japan has dealt with the issue, in order to discuss the system necessary for child abuse prevention.

本稿は、供述弱者のうち証人の立場となる者（＝脆弱ないし畏怖証人）への対応について、イングランド・ウェールズの動向を論じたものである。脆弱ないし畏怖証人に証人適格が認められていなかった時代から1999年少年司法および刑事証拠法の制定後に至るまでの立法・判例動向や議論動向を整理・検討することで、今後の日本法における「供述弱者への対応」の議論の方向性を見定めるために有益な示唆を得ることを試みた。, 研究ノート(Note)

失体感症とは身体感覚を感じることができない状態のことを指す。本研究では母親の失体感症傾向と虐待傾向との関連性についての調査を行った。調査対象は，幼児以下の子どもを持つ母親172名，およびに小学生以上の年齢の子どもを持つ母親155名の合計327名であり，失体感症と子ども虐待傾向について質問紙による調査を実施した。幼児群，小学生以上群のそれぞれについて失体感症傾向と虐待傾向との間の関連性を分析したところ，失体感症と虐待傾向には有意な相関が観察された。失体感症傾向を持つ母親は，体調などの身体感覚を感じ取ることで適度に休憩をとったり，ストレスに対処することが苦手なため，ストレス反応として子どもに対して怒りを表出してしまう可能性が考えられた。

目的：医療機関に搬入された児童虐待事例の特徴について、症例報告を用いて明らかにすることである。方法：「医学中央雑誌」において、‘児童虐待’‘病院’を検索用語に2000年1月から2018年3月現在までに国内で報告された論文を分析対象とした。論文の選定基準は、症例報告であること、医療機関に搬入された児童虐待対応に関する症例であること、医療機関における児童虐待通告時の症状に関する記述がある症例であることの3条件とした。解析は、クラスター分析を用いて症例を類型化し、類型化されたグループ間の有意差を確認した。結果： 178の症例を分析した結果、3つのクラスターが確認され、身体的虐待、心理的虐待、ネグレクトに類型化された。クラスター間において、被虐待児の性別、診断時年齢、虐待者等の12 要因において有意差が確認された。結論：今後は症例報告として発表されていない児童虐待事例の収集も行い、実態解明を行うことが課題である。, Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics of child abuse cases transferred to healthcare settings using case studies.Methods: Using the Ichushi database, we performed a systematic literature review of studies published between January 2000 and March 2018 that reported child abuse and the hospitals where the cases were examined. There were three selection criteria for the papers: a case study, a case of child abuse transferred to healthcare settings, and a case regarding symptoms at the time of child abuse notification in healthcare settings. The cases were classified using cluster analysis and significant differences among the classified groups were confirmed.Results: A total of 178 cases were classified into three clusters: physical abuse, psychological abuse, and neglect. Among the three clusters, significant differences were identified in 12 factors, including the gender of the abused children, age at diagnosis, and abusers.Conclusion: Further studies are needed to confirm the cases of child abuse that have not been published as case studies to clarify the actual situation.

To reveal some implications of parental discipline what the officers of a child guidance center recognize, we conducted an interview survey with one child welfare officer and two child psychology officers of a certain child guidance center. The obtained qualitative data were analyzed using the steps for coding and theorization (SCAT). From these results, 72 theory writings were obtained that intended meanings that helped the officers of a child guidance center understand parental disciplinary behaviors. For example, "internalized punitive caregiver model", "discipline by the manipulation of others using violent relationships" and so on. Furthermore, seven implications were suggested from the theory writings that obtained from each study participants. That are "disciplinary behaviors intended a pain", "difficulty in judging and distinguishing parental disciplinary and abuse", "proper parental disciplinary and improper parental disciplinary", "child development stage and parental disciplinary behaviors", "possibility of internalized parental disciplinary behaviors from socio-cultural norm", "disciplinary personal history of parents", and "necessitate a review the concept of parental disciplinary and to legislate against corporal punishment in the home". Further research and practice about a parent disciplinary are required to elaborate upon these 72 theory writings and 7 implications., 本研究は，児童相談所職員からみた保護者の懲戒にはどういう意味があるのかを明らかにすることを目的に，インタビュー調査を行った。データ分析は Steps for Coding And Theorization: SCAT を使用した。その結果，懲戒に関する理解を助ける意味を内包する 72 の理論記述が得られた。例えば，「内在化された懲罰的養育者モデル」，「暴力関係を利用した他者操作懲戒」などである。さらに，各研究参加者から得られた理論記述から 7つの意味が示唆された。すなわち，「懲戒に内包する苦痛性」，「懲戒と虐待との判別困難性」，「適切な懲戒と不適切な懲戒」，「子どもの発達段階と懲戒」，「懲戒の社会文化的規範化の可能性」，「保護者の被懲戒の個人史」，「懲戒概念の再検討と家庭内における体罰の禁止の必要性」である。今後は保護者支援における研究や実践において理論記述を分析概念とした研究や事例報告あるいは事例研究が求められる。

Based on the facts that child abuse rarely exists in isolation from one or more of the other child abuse subcategories, a depressive affect at some particular point includes both reactively provoked one and persistent one, and depressive affect and borderline personality organization are inseparable, this study explored the influence of each child abuse subcategory on later development of borderline personality organization, as well as on persistent depressive affect, examining whether the causality between some particular child abuse subcategory and depression is direct or indirect, i.e. mediated by borderline personality pathology. Three hundred four Japanese university students were the target for analysis. Questionnaire surveys were conducted over a six-week period on three occasions. Structural equation modeling was used for the statistical analysis. Self-Rating Depressive Scale (SDS), Inventory of Personality Organization (IPO), and Child Abuse and Trauma Scale (CATS) were used for assessing depressive affects, borderline personality organization, and past experience of child abuse, respectively. “Neglect and Emotional Abuse” had a deteriorating effect on children’s later mental health. “Sexual Abuse” and “Authoritarianism” had indirect influence via borderline personality organization. Although “Physical Punishment and Scolding” and “Marital Disharmony” per se did not have a significant negative impact on later mental health, it should be noted that they are frequently accompanied by “Neglect and Emotional Abuse.”

Most people who have experienced abuse in their childhood experience a variety of symptoms in later years. Depressive symptoms in particular are common among many youths who have experienced abuse. However, certain factoes can mitigate future depressive symptoms during the transition from childhood to youth. This study focused on psychological mindedness（PM） as a buffer factor for the relationship between abusive experience in childhood and depressive symptoms in youth, and explored the effect of PM on this relationship. A total of 291 university students（men = 88, women = 200, other gender = 3） completed a questionnaire containing items in abusive experiences in childhood, current depressive symptoms, and PM. The results of structural equation modeling showed that abusive experiences in childhood had a direct influence on future depressive symptoms. However, it was found that PM would mitigate the development of depressive symptoms in youth. Additionally, the result of a simultaneous multiple-group analysis indicated the effect gender difference had on the structure of the model and showed that the Interest factor of PM has a mitigating effect on depressive symptoms only among men. Thus, an intervention focusing on one’s inner phenomenon and their interpretation canhelp reduce the development of depressive symptoms in future.

司法面接とは犯罪や虐待の被害者となった可能性のある児童・供述弱者から、できるだけ正確な情報を、できるだけ被面接者の心理的負担をかけることなく聴取しようとする事実調査の方法である。本研究の目的は、司法面接の研修用教材として実務家が作成した模擬面接を分析することであった。模擬面接は、身体的虐待、性的虐待が疑われる事案における年少、ならびに年長児への面接であり、ゆるやかに構成されたシナリオにもとづき、ロールプレイのかたちで自由度をもって実施されたものであった。これらの面接を、供述分析の方法を用いて量的(発話タイプ、発話量)、質的(オープン質問によって引き出された自発的な報告、WH 質問やクローズド質問によって得られた情報、誘導や暗示の可能性等)に分析した。その結果、いずれの事例も司法面接の手続きに則って行われ、被面接者から多くの情報を引き出していること、発話量には(模擬ではあるが)話したがらない子どもや発達障害が疑われる子どもの特性が反映されていること、特に報告が断片的である場合には、面接者が被面接者の言葉を補うなどの可能性があることなどが示された。研修ではこういった模擬面接の特徴を活かし、司法面接の利点や陥りがちな問題に対する研修者への気づきを促したり、ワークを行ったりすることができるだろう。, Forensic interviewing is a method to elicit as accurate information as possible from alleged victims of crimes and abuse, while reducing as much stress as possible during the interviews. In this study, we analyzed four fictitious but realistic interviews that were created for training purpose by medical, social-work and policing professionals and researchers. The interviews were conducted based upon flexibly constructed scenario, where alleged young/old child was interviewed for suspected sexual/physical abuse. Using the methodology of conversation analysis, interviews were analyzed quantitatively (e.g., types and the amount of utterances), qualitatively (e.g., contents of utterances that were elicited by open-ended, WH- and closed questions, and suggestive and tagged questions). Results showed all the interviews were conducted along the guideline of forensic interviews, eliciting free narratives, though the amount of utterances varied reflecting the age, reluctance, and possible developmental disorder of interviewees. Also, it was suggested that interviewers might be tempted to make inference when a child gives only fragmented information. In the training, such characteristics of interviews can be used to draw trainees' attention to the benefits of forensic interviews as well as pitfalls when conducting interviews with difficult children.

高等学校家庭科教員の児童虐待予防教育に対する意識の明確化並びに教材や指導方法の開発及びその般化方法を検討するための示唆を得ることを目的として、国内の児童虐待防止法が施行された2000 年から2018 年８月までの家庭科、虐待に関する先行研究について概観を行った。高校生を対象とした児童虐待を予防する視点での授業実践は、２件であった。内容による大別の結果、①暴力への親和性、②子どもの権利、③虐待の背景と子育て支援、④親になるための準備、⑤「児童虐待」の授業での取り扱いのカテゴリーとなった。新学習指導要領解説家庭編では、高等学校家庭科必修科目すべてに児童虐待の記載がなされ、すべての家庭科教員が児童虐待に関する授業をしなければならない。児童虐待予防の視点から教科書に準じた教材開発を行うこと、また児童虐待を授業で扱う際、どのような配慮を行うことで、すべての家庭科教員が児童虐待についての授業を行えるようになるかを明らかにすることで、児童虐待予防教育の教材・指導方法の開発及び般化方法が導き出されるのではないかと考える。

＇Spirituality＇ has been somewhat misunderstood as a ＇non-scientific＇ method, influenced by what is generally known as the spiritual boom, which gained prominence in Japan during the mid-₂₀₀₀s in Japan. Such an approach has now become recognized as a part of a popular culture. It was thought that originally ＇spirituality should not be scientific or just limited to religious matters, but an exploration of something that is at the center of our very being. Therefore, spiritual pain is something which is felt by us all. In Japan, spiritual pain has been recognized and legitimized in the field of palliative care. Theories have developed, but particularly that developed by Hisayuki Murata is widelysupported. Despite this, Murata＇s work has not been fully utilized, particularly by those who explore the spiritual pain of children who do not suffer from illnesses. This article explores how/if children who are abused, suffer spiritual pain. The research framework for this study is based on Murata＇s theory. Findings suggest that it is possible that such children do in fact suffer a degree of spiritual issues.