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We report six freshwater ostracods from Rishiri Island, Hokkaido, Japan: Cypricercinae sp., Cavernocypris sp.1, Ca. sp.2, Cypridopsis vidua, Candonini sp., and Metacypris cf. digitiformis. This is the first report of freshwater ostracods from this island. We provided brief descriptions of their morphology, presented partial nucleotide sequences for their mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I(COI) and/or nuclear 18S rRNA genes, and determined a partial 16S rRNA sequence for the endosymbiotic bacterium Cardinium in some species. A key to six species collected from this island was presented.

第54回流体力学講演会/第40回航空宇宙数値シミュレーション技術シンポジウム (2022年6月29日-7月1日. いわて県民情報交流センター(アイーナ)), 盛岡市, 岩手, The 54th Fluid Dynamics Conference / the 40th Aerospace Numerical Simulation Symposium (June 29 - July 1, 2022. Iwate Citizen Information Exchange Center (Aiina)), Morioka, Iwate, Japan, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency has been investigating scramjet engines in Kakuda Space Center using RamJet Engine Test Facility and others. The engine tested at the flight condition of Mach 6 showed very steep fuel distribution. The fuel injected from the vertical injector on the side wall stays near the side wall and the top wall along the engine. The steep fuel distribution is an obstacle for the engine performance completion. In order to solve the problem, the authors are focusing the influence of cowl and strut shock waves on the fuel distribution. In this paper the authors describe the effect of cowl shock wave on the fluid transport and on the OH product in the strut wake. It is found that the steep fuel distribution can be reduced by means of strut tail part design and that the OH product is more obtained in the boat-tail strut configuration., 形態: 図版あり, Physical characteristics: Original contains illustrations, 資料番号: AA2230023022, レポート番号: JAXA-SP-22-007

お茶やコーヒーの覚醒成分カフェインや、バラの放つ香り成分、薬用植物が貯める薬効成分など、植物が作る化合物は私たちの生活の至る所で活躍している。植物成分は100万種にも及ぶとされ、持続型社会を支える天然資源として活用拡大が期待されている。しかしながら、植物の有用成分の中には特定の植物種に微量にしか含まれない、また原料植物の大規模育成が困難である場合も多いなど、植物成分の大量生産に向けて植物ならではの課題が残っているのが現状である。この解決に向けて、植物成分を植物ではなく微生物に作らせるという手法が近年注目を浴びている。本原稿ではこの新しい生産方法の持つポテンシャルについて紹介する。

We found the ciliophoran protozoan Lagenophrys sp. to be symbiotic on the freshwater ostracod Cryptocandona sp., collected from Makkari, Hokkaido, Japan. In Japan, this is the third record of Lagenophrys and the first case from ostracods. We present a nucleotide sequence for the 18S rRNA gene (1,683 bp) from Lagenophrys sp. In an 18S maximum-likelihood tree that included 57 peritrichid sequences, Lagenophrys sp. grouped with the usconophryid Usconophrys sp.

application/pdf, In this production, “instability” was applied as an expression to the movement of the robot. Our goal is to enrich the emotional expression of the robot. To achieve this, we will add an arm to the body of the robot based on the principle of an inverted pendulum. Then, I made a robot that can change the center of gravity by giving weight to the arm. Apply machine learning to the movements of the robotʼs arms to explore unstable yet attractive movements. We will examine this movement and gain insights into its bio-logicalness.

第53回流体力学講演会/第39回航空宇宙数値シミュレーション技術シンポジウム (2021年6月30日-7月2日. 日本航空宇宙学会 : 宇宙航空研究開発機構(JAXA)オンライン会議), The 53rd Fluid Dynamics Conference / the 39th Aerospace Numerical Simulation Symposium (June 30 - July 2, 2021. The Japan Society for Aeronautical and Space Sciences : Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Online meeting), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency has been investigating scramjet engines in Kakuda Space Center using RamJet Engine Test Facility and others. The engine tested at the flight condition of Mach 6 showed very steep fuel distribution. The fuel injected from the vertical injector on the side wall stays near the side wall and the top wall along the engine. The steep fuel distribution is an obstacle for the engine performance completion. In order to solve the problem, the authors are focusing the influence of cowl and strut shock waves on the fuel distribution. In this paper the authors describe results of combustion calculation to compare with the test result. It is found that a flow separation occurs in the corner of internal flow, and that the separation causes inclined shock wave to promote the combustion., 形態: カラー図版あり, Physical characteristics: Original contains color illustrations, 資料番号: AA2130027017, レポート番号: JAXA-SP-21-008

大気球シンポジウム 2022年度（2022年11月7-8日. ハイブリッド開催（JAXA相模原キャンパス& オンライン)), Balloon Symposium 2022 (November 7-8, 2022. Hybrid(in-person & online) Conference (Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)(ISAS)), Sagamihara, Kanagawa Japan, 著者人数: 26名, 資料番号: SA6000177012, レポート番号: isas22-sbs-012

新学習指導要領が告示され、現場で施行されている。その趣旨と流れは一人一人が主体的に対話的に深い学びをしつつ、新たな社会の価値を創っていく教育であり、本学創立者池田大作（「池田」と書く）の「人間教育」の考えと同じ方向であると考える。その新学習指導要領の趣旨は、「人間教育」を進めることでより充実した実現が図られると考えている。それはどのような教育なのか。 筆者は、本学で学び小学校の教壇に立ち教職の道を歩んできた。本学は、『創価教育学体系』（以下『体系』と述べる）を著した牧口常三郎が創始者である。その『体系』では「教育の目的は、子供の幸福」といわれ、その幸福とは自己と他者の幸福の確立であり、そこから自分の人生を切り拓き、様々な困難を受け止め、そこから新たな価値を創造していくことを「創価教育学」として打ち立てた。それをもとに、「池田」は、本学の三つの指針の中に「人間教育の最高学府たれ」といわれ、人間教育を目指す取り組みの大事さを示されている。 この「人間教育」を「池田」は、教育ではなく「人間教育」の言葉を使われている。本来教育は人間の営みで教育でもいいと考えるが、人間第一に大事にする教育することを根幹にしていくために「池田」は「人間教育」と表現したと考えている。筆者は、現在まで小学校や小中一貫校の現場で34年間教育に携わってきた。本学の卒業生として、一人一人の児童生徒とのかかわりと育みを第一に「人間教育」の実践を心がけてきた。その実践の根幹は、一人一人の児童生徒が自ら立って律していくことが未来に向かって生きていく力になることであり、その力は「自尊感情」であり、その育みのためには「人間教育」の基本となると考え教育の実践をしてきた。 では、その「自尊感情」とは何か。それが教育上どのような役割を持つのか。「自尊感情」は心理学的分野だが、教育上大事な分野ととらえつつ、学校現場での実践と文献の特徴的なものを取り上げ「自尊感情」とは何かを明らかにしていく。さらに、「人間教育」と「創価教育学」との関係から「人間教育」と「自尊感情」がどうかかわっているのか、具体的な実践から明らかにしていく。

原子力災害時の避難退域時検査では、多数の車両及び避難住民等の検査を行うことが想定される。現在は、車両の指定箇所をタイヤとワイパー部とし、要員によるGM管式サーベイメータ等の表面汚染測定器で検査することを基本としているが、効率的な避難退域時検査を実施するため、車両検査では可搬型の車両用ゲート型モニタの活用が検討されている。本研究では、そのための基礎データを取得することを目的に、車両用ゲート型モニタの性能調査試験を実施した。本試験では、避難退域時検査における簡易除染の判断基準であるOIL4相当の汚染を密封線源の$^{133}$Baで模擬した。これを実車両のタイヤとワイパー部に取り付け、車両用ゲート型モニタにより模擬汚染からの$\gamma$線の計数率を測定することとした。試験方法は、車両を静止させて測定する静止試験、実際の検査を模擬した走行試験、高BG環境下での性能を調べるための高BG環境試験の3試験を採用した。試験車両は、普通自動車として広く使用されているセダンを主とし、加えて車体のフロント部分がバスに似た造りであるバンも使用した。また、車両用ゲート型モニタは、(株)千代田テクノル製のガンマ・ポールを使用した。本試験の結果、OIL4初期設定値である40,000cpm相当の汚染が車両のタイヤ接地面に付着していたとき、車両が10km/h以下で車両用ゲート型モニタを通過すれば、99\%以上の確率で、同じくワイパー部であれば、車速5km/h以下のとき84\%以上の確率で汚染検知が可能であると推定された。タイヤ接地面の汚染がOIL4以上か未満かを判定するには、メーカーで設定する機器内の換算定数の調整を要することが示された。しかし、その場合であっても、ワイパー部はタイヤ接地面よりも汚染の検知が難しいため、タイヤ接地面とワイパー部の汚染を同時に判定・評価することは困難であることが示された。車両用ゲート型モニタを活用し、避難退域時検査の車両検査の効率化(迅速化)を図るには、タイヤ接地面とワイパー部の汚染の同時測定・評価の実現が課題であることが明らかとなった。, In contamination inspections for public in nuclear emergency, it is assumed that a large number of motor vehicles and evacuees will be inspected. At present, first measurement points of vehicles are tires and around a wiper, and they are basically inspected by persons using portable radiation surface contamination meters such as GM survey meters. However, in order to efficiently inspect contamination of vehicles, utilization of portable radiation portal monitors is being considered for the inspection. In this study, examination of performance of the portal monitor was conducted in order to obtain basic data. In this examinations, sealed radiation sources, $^{133}$Ba, were substituted for the contamination of Operational Intervention Level 4 (OIL4), the evaluation criteria to conduct simple decontamination in the contamination inspection. The radiation source was attached practically to a tire and around the wipers of a vehicle, and the counting rate of $\gamma$-rays from the radiation sources was measured using the portal monitor. Three examinations were conducted: static examination with a vehicle stationary, moving examination to mock the actual inspection, and high back ground examination to investigate performance of the equipment in high back ground environment. The vehicle mainly used in the experiments was a sedan, which is generally used as standard vehicles. And, a van whose front body is like that of a bus was used at this experiment. In addition, the "Gamma Pole" manufactured by the Chiyoda Technol Corporation was used as the portal monitor. As the result, it was estimated that the case of contamination equivalent to 40,000 cpm, the default value of the OIL4, deposited on the tread on a vehicle tire, when the vehicle passes through the portal monitor at 10 km/h or less, the contamination would be detected with a probability of 99\% or more. Similarly, when the contamination deposited on around the wipers and the vehicle speed is 5 km/h or less

The tanaidid species Zeuxo ezoensis Okamoto et al., 2020 has previously been reported from among brown and red algae in the intertidal zone at Oshoro and on Rishiri, Rebun and Okushiri Islands, Hokkaido, Japan. Here we first report Z. ezoensis from an artificial environment, an open-air pool in the Rishiri Sea Urchin Seed Production Center on Rishiri Island. The pool is used for the temporary storage of laminarian algae, and tanaidaceans may have entered with the algae. Our sample collected in October 2020 contained famles with marsupium scars, indicating that Z. ezoensis reproduces in the pool. The sample also contained mail individuals that are larger than the largest male collected in fall 2011 at Oshoro. This occurrence of large males in the pool may be related to the absence of fish, which are known to prey on Z. ezoensis.

流体力学講演会/航空宇宙数値シミュレーション技術シンポジウム2020オンライン (2020年9月28日-30日. 日本航空宇宙学会 : 宇宙航空研究開発機構(JAXA)オンライン会議), Fluid Dynamics Conference / Aerospace Numerical Simulation Symposium 2020 Online (September 28-30, 2020. The Japan Society for Aeronautical and Space Sciences : Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Online meeting), In this study, three-dimensional CFD analysis was carried out for a hydrogen fueled scramjet engine tested at the Ramjet Engine Test Facility (RJTF) under Mach 6 flight conditions. As a result, for a fuel equivalence ratio of 0.3, various combustion modes were observed depending on the combustor wall temperature, operation of igniter, presence of water vapor in air conditions as well as initial solutions. Those combustion modes were classified into 4 groups: Partially-anchored, Fully-anchored, Partially-blow-off and Blow-off modes, from the point of view of flame anchor point, and were investigated in detail. In addition, it was demonstrated that several combustion phenomena occurred in the RJTF tests corresponded to one of them., 形態: カラー図版あり, Physical characteristics: Original contains color illustrations, 資料番号: AA2030013010, レポート番号: JAXA-SP-20-008

流体力学講演会/航空宇宙数値シミュレーション技術シンポジウム2020オンライン (2020年9月28日-30日. 日本航空宇宙学会 : 宇宙航空研究開発機構(JAXA)オンライン会議), Fluid Dynamics Conference / Aerospace Numerical Simulation Symposium 2020 Online (September 28-30, 2020. The Japan Society for Aeronautical and Space Sciences : Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Online meeting), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency has been investigating scramjet engines in Kakuda Space Center using RamJet Engine Test Facility and another facility. The engine tested at the flight condition of Mach 6 showed very steep fuel distribution. The fuel injected from the vertical injector on the side wall stays near the side wall and the tap wall along the engine. The steep fuel distribution is an obstacle for the engine performance completion. In order to solve the problem, the authors are focusing on the cowl shock wave influence having on the fuel distribution. In this paper the authors describe results of fuel distribution derived from combustion calculation to compare with the test result. Some disagreement is found and considered to be caused by capturing flow separation in the calculation, though the separation promotes fuel mixing and combustion. The mixing process is shown., 形態: カラー図版あり, Physical characteristics: Original contains color illustrations, 資料番号: AA2030013016, レポート番号: JAXA-SP-20-008

第51回流体力学講演会/第37回航空宇宙数値シミュレーション技術シンポジウム (2019年7月1日-3日. 早稲田大学早稲田キャンパス国際会議場), 新宿区, 東京, 51st Fluid Dynamics Conference / the 37th Aerospace Numerical Simulation Symposium (July 1-3, 2019. International Conference Center, Waseda University), Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency has been investigating scramjet engines in Kakuda Space Center using RamJet Engine Test Facility et al. The engine tested at the flight condition of Mach 6 showed very steep fuel distribution. The fuel injected from the vertical injector on the side wall stays near the side wall and the tap wall along the engine. The steep fuel distribution is an obstacle for the engine performance completion. In order to solve the problem, the authors are focusing the influence of cowl shock wave and strut shock wave on the engine flow field to search the engine flow field detail by using CFD. In this paper the authors describe results of consideration on the cause of fuel distribution difference between the calculation and the engine test., 形態: カラー図版あり, Physical characteristics: Original contains color illustrations, 資料番号: AA1930011005, レポート番号: JAXA-SP-19-007

第22回宇宙科学シンポジウム (2022年1月6日-7日. オンライン開催), 22nd Space Science Symposium (January 6-7, 2022. Online Meeting), 著者人数: 26名ほか, 資料番号: SA6000176162, レポート番号: P-128

大気球シンポジウム 2021年度（2021年11月1-2日. オンライン開催), Balloon Symposium 2021 (November 1-2, 2021. Online Meeting), 著者人数: 26名PDF再処理の為、2023年3月24日に差替, 資料番号: SA6000166027, レポート番号: isas21-sbs-027

本稿は後期Wittgenstein思想の社会学的意義の再検討を試み，その中で自然主義解釈の社会学理論的展開の可能性を探る．そして自然主義と分析社会学を結びつけることを提案する．後期Wittgensteinの社会学的利用は，言語ゲーム概念と規則をめぐる諸考察に集中している．そこからいかなる理論や方法に繋げるかによって整理すると，大別して（1）論理文法分析・概念分析の方法，（2）意味のシステム論，（3）言語ゲーム論，（4）コミュニケーションと他者の理論，（5）実践と再生産の理論，（6）自然主義の6 つがある．そこには共通する論点がある．第一に，実践と規則の相互関係が基礎となる．第二に，実践が依存するコンテクストは多元的で複雑である．第三に，慣習的実践や規則の研究では意味と自然の領域が区別される．これらを基礎としつつ，実践／規則，理論／方法，意味／自然の区別のどこに着目するかで立場が分かれる．中でも，最も曖昧だが特異な視座を有する自然主義は，記述／説明の区別を導入すれば，説明を志向するものと見なせる．そして自然主義の社会学的位置づけの明確化とさらなる豊饒化の手段として分析社会学の視点が有望である．自然的・因果的メカニズムを説明する試みとして，後期Wittgensteinの自然主義と分析社会学は手を取り合える．, Ludwig Wittgenstein presented an interesting idea “language-game” and a famous problem: No course of action can be determined by a rule. Especially this “rule-following problem” has been commonly recognized as one of the most important issues in sociology as well as philosophy. In fact, most of the famous sociologists have referred to Wittgenstein’s later thought, depending on their subjects and interests. In other words, the contemporary sociological theories are more or less based on Wittgenstein. This paper attempts to reconsider the sociological significance of Wittgenstein’s later thought by examining how sociologists have understood and used his thought. I intend to develop new perspective derived from naturalistic interpretation. First, I briefly survey Wittgenstein’s later thought focusing on “language games” and “rule-following problem.” Second, I examine the previous sociological studies on Philosophical Investigations, particularly on “rule-following problem.” I divided these studies broadly into six types: (1) methods of concept analysis, (2) theories of system of meaning, (3) theories of language-game, (4) theories of communication and otherness, (5) theories of practice and reproduction, (6) naturalism. There are three common issues: (a) mutual relation between practice and rule, (b) plurality and complexity of the context of practice, (c) distinction between meaning and nature. Third, I focus on naturalism and attempt to develop sociological theory derived from it. Based on naturalistic reading, Wittgenstein analyzed rules and life thoroughly and finally arrived at human nature. Therefore, the possibility of deriving a new sociological theory from naturalism of Wittgenstein’s thought is based on “life” and “nature,” not “language-game.” Finally, I suggest that a new sociological theory derived from naturalism of Wittgenstein’s later thought can be based on analytical sociology. By this theory, we will attempt to explain the natural and causal mechanisms.

第50回流体力学講演会/第36回航空宇宙数値シミュレーション技術シンポジウム (2018年7月4日-6日. 宮崎市民プラザ), 宮崎市, 宮崎, 50th Fluid Dynamics Conference /the 36th Aerospace Numerical Simulation Symposium (July 4-6, 2018. Miyazaki Citizen's Plaza), Miyazaki, Japan, RANS simulation corresponding to combustion tests of an ethylene-fueled scramjet combustor model was conducted by using a JAXA in-house solver LS-FLOW. For evaluation of the validity of the present CFD, the profiles of the combustion gas composition on the combustor exit plane predicted by the CFD were compared with experimental ones measured by using a gas sampling rake probe. Good agreement between the CFD and the gas sampling results was obtained at the center plane in the span-wise direction, but agreement was not good for the profiles at the other planes. Influence of both the turbulent Schmidt number and the C2H4-Air combustion mechanism used for the CFD on the numerical results were also examined. The turbulent Schmidt number showed strong influence on the numerical results and the small value of 0.3 resulted in better agreement with the experimental results than 0.89 in the present case. It was also shown that the difference of the combustion mechanisms did not show significant influence on the CFD results in the present case., 形態: カラー図版あり, Physical characteristics: Original contains color illustrations, 資料番号: AA1830029018, レポート番号: JAXA-SP-18-005

第50回流体力学講演会/第36回航空宇宙数値シミュレーション技術シンポジウム (2018年7月4日-6日. 宮崎市民プラザ), 宮崎市, 宮崎, 50th Fluid Dynamics Conference /the 36th Aerospace Numerical Simulation Symposium (July 4-6, 2018. Miyazaki Citizen's Plaza), Miyazaki, Japan, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency has been investigating scramjet engines in Kakuda Space Center using RamJet Engine Test Facility (RJTF) et al. The engine tested at the flight condition of Mach 6 showed very steep fuel distribution. The fuel injected from the vertical injector on the side wall stays near the side wall and the tap wall along the engine. The steep fuel distribution is an obstacle for the engine performance completion. In order to solve the problem, the authors are focusing the influence of cowl shock wave on the fuel distribution. In this paper the authors describe results of combustion calculation in the engine and discuss how the combustion calculation simulates the real engine combustion flow field. Fair agreement is obtained in pressure distribution, but thrust performances do not yet agree well., 形態: カラー図版あり, Physical characteristics: Original contains color illustrations, 資料番号: AA1830029026, レポート番号: JAXA-SP-18-005

原子力機構は、災害対策基本法及び武力攻撃事態対処法に基づく指定公共機関として、原子力災害や放射線緊急事態が発生した場合には、災害対応に当たる国や地方公共団体の要請に応じて人的・技術的支援を行う。防災基本計画及び原子力災害対策マニュアルでは、原子力機構は原子力緊急時において公衆の被ばく線量の推計・把握を支援することが要求されている。しかし、その支援について、基本方策,調査対象,調査方法,実施体制等について具体的かつ詳細には検討されていない。本報告では、公衆の緊急時被ばく線量の推計・把握に関する技術的支援について、原子力緊急時支援・研修センター内に設置された「緊急時の線量評価検討WG」において調査・考察した結果を報告することにより、国や地方公共団体、及び原子力機構内における今後の具体的かつ詳細な検討及び活動に貢献することを目的とする。, In the case of a nuclear accident or a radiological emergency, the Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), as a designated public corporation assigned in the Disaster Countermeasures Basic Act and the Armed Attack Situation Response Law, undertakes technical supports to the national government and local governments. The JAEA is requested to support to evaluate radiation doses to residents in a nuclear emergency, which is specified in the Basic Disaster Management Plan and the Nuclear Emergency Response Manual. For the dose evaluation, however, its strategy, target, method, structure and so on have not been determined either specifically or in detail. This report describes the results of investigation and consideration discussed in the "Working Group for Radiation Dose Evaluation at a Nuclear Emergency" established within the Nuclear Emergency Assistance and Training Center to discuss technical supports for radiation dose evaluation to residents in the case of a nuclear emergency, and aims at contributing to specific and detailed discussion and activities in the future for the national government and local governments, also within the JAEA.

第21回宇宙科学シンポジウム (2021年1月6日-7日. オンライン開催), 21st Space Science Symposium (January 6-7, 2021. Online Meeting), 資料番号: SA6000163072, レポート番号: g07-4

大気球シンポジウム 2020年度（2020年11月5-6日. 宇宙航空研究開発機構宇宙科学研究所(JAXA)(ISAS)）, 相模原市, 神奈川県, Balloon Symposium 2020 (November 5-6, 2020. Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency(JAXA)(ISAS)), Sagamihara, Kanagawa Japan, 著者人数: 34名, 資料番号: SA6000151006, レポート番号: isas20-sbs-006

計算コードMIG2DFは、放射性廃棄物地中処分の安全評価を目的とした多孔質媒体中における地下水流・核種移行解析コードとして、平成4年に第1版が開発された。MIG2DF第1版では、2次元(鉛直断面・水平面および軸対称3次元)の有限要素法によるモデルに対し、密度を考慮した飽和-不飽和地下水流解析及び核種移行解析を行うことが可能である。一方放射性廃棄物地中処分では、長期的な地質・気候関連事象として、サイトに応じた隆起・侵食による地形変化や、沿岸域においては海水準変動に伴う塩淡境界の変化による地下水流動への影響を合わせて考慮する必要がある。こうした事象に対する評価手法を整備するために、本グループではMIG2DF第1版に対する改良、および、非定常な地形変化に対応したMIG2DFによる解析を可能とするための外部プログラムの整備を行っている。これらの開発のうち、本報告書ではMIG2DF第1版を改良した第2版について、その構成・解法・使用方法・検証計算を示す。また本報告書では、整備したMIG2DFの複数の外部プログラムのうち、地下水流路解析コード(PASS-TRAC)、解析用データセット作成コード(PASS-PRE)、および、ポスト表示コード(PASS-POST)についても構成・解法・使用方法を示す。, The MIG2DF computer code is a computer program that simulates groundwater flow and radionuclide transport in porous media for the safety assessment of radioactive waste disposal. The original version of MIG2DF was released in 1992. The original code employs a two-dimensional (vertical or horizontal cross-section, or an axisymmetric configuration) finite-element method to approximate the governing equations for density-dependent saturated-unsaturated groundwater flow and radionuclide transport. Meanwhile, for geological disposal of radioactive wastes, landscape evolution such as uplift and erosion needs to be assessed as a long-term geological and climate events, considering site conditions. In coastal areas, the impact to groundwater flow by change of salinity distribution to sea level change also needs to be considered. To deal with these events in the assessment, we have revised the original version of MIG2DF and developed the external program which enables MIG2DF to consider unsteady landscape evolution. In these developments, this report describes an upgrade of MIG2DF (Version 2) and presents the configuration, equations, methods, and verification. This reports also give the explanation external programs of MIG2DF: PASS-TRAC (the particle tracking code), PASS-PRE (the code for dataset preparation), and PASS-POST (the post-processing visualization system).

2019年度衝撃波シンポジウム (2020年3月4日-6日. 神戸大学 海事科学研究科（深江キャンパス)）神戸市, 兵庫県, Symposium on Shock Waves in Japan, FY2019 (March 3-4, 2020. Kobe University), Kobe, Hyogo Japan, 2019年度衝撃波シンポジウムは、新型コロナウイルスの感染拡大防止のため開催中止, 資料番号: SA6000148092, レポート番号: 3B1-3

原子力事故に対する緊急時計画策定のための技術的知見を得るため、原子力機構が開発した確率論的事故影響評価(レベル3PRA)コードOSCAARを用いて、様々な事故シナリオに対し、様々な早期防護措置の実施による被ばく低減効果の評価を進めている。放射性ヨウ素の吸入による甲状腺被ばく線量を低減させるため、安定ヨウ素剤服用は有効な早期防護措置である。安定ヨウ素剤の効果を最大限にするためには服用時期が重要であり、そのため、緊急時計画策定にあたり安定ヨウ素剤服用の最も効果的な実施方法をあらかじめ検討しておく必要がある。本研究では、安定ヨウ素剤の服用による甲状腺負荷量を評価できるヨウ素代謝モデル(Johnsonモデル)に、国際放射線防護委員会(ICRP)Publ.66の呼吸気道モデル及びPubl.30の胃腸管モデルを取り入れることで、安定ヨウ素剤の服用効果を考慮した、より現実的な甲状腺の内部被ばく線量評価を行うことができるヨウ素代謝モデルを新たに開発した。さらに、OSCAARコードの評価に用いるため、開発したヨウ素代謝モデルを用いて安定ヨウ素剤の服用時期に応じた甲状腺被ばく低減係数のデータベースを整備した。, To consider the method of implementing urgent protective actions in a nuclear accident appropriately, the authors have been assessing the effects of reducing doses by taking urgent protective actions using a Level 3 Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA) code, the OSCAAR, developed by the JAEA. Iodine thyroid blocking is an effective urgent protective action to reduce equivalent doses to the thyroid due to inhalation of radioactive iodine. However, the timing of the administration of stable iodine (SI) is important to maximize the effectiveness for thyroidal blocking. Therefore, the careful consideration should be given to the most effective way of iodine thyroid blocking when preparing off-site emergency plans. In the present study, the authors developed a new metabolic model for thyroid by combining the respiratory tract model (Publ.66) and gastrointestinal tract model (Publ.30) of the ICRP with a metabolic model for thyroid (Johnson's model) in order to calculate the behavior of radioiodine and stable iodine in the body more realistically. The model is useful to evaluate the effect of the administration of SI for reducing equivalent doses to the thyroid depending on the its timing. We also calculated the reduction factor for equivalent doses to the thyroid in order to the thyroid by using the model, and then developed the its database for the OSCAAR. Consequently, the OSCAAR can evaluate the effectiveness for thyroidal blocking realistically and promptly.

第20回宇宙科学シンポジウム (2020年1月8日-9日. 宇宙航空研究開発機構宇宙科学研究所(JAXA)(ISAS)相模原キャンパス), 相模原市, 神奈川県, 20th Space Science Symposium (January 8-9, 2020. Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency(JAXA)(ISAS)Sagamihara Campus), Sagamihara, Kanagawa Japan, 著者人数: 29名, 資料番号: SA6000152143, レポート番号: P2.37

The author, a principal of a merged public elementary and junior high school, noticed thatelementary school children who did not have major issues in school, began showing signs ofproblematic behaviour and absenteeism upon entering junior high school. This issue is referredto as the 中１ギャップ chu-ichi gyappu [the transitional “junior high school first year gap”between elementary and junior high school education]. This paper discusses an attempt toresolve this issue based on the theme of fostering “children who pave their own paths to thefuture.”Causes of the “junior high school first year gap” are examined and the effectiveness ofpractices implementing concrete strategies to resolve the issue based on literature and previousstudies are discussed. The author’s views are based on Tsunesaburo Makiguchi’s educationalperspective of “living a life of value-creation” found within his value-creating pedagogy, SokaEducation.

第49回流体力学講演会/第35回航空宇宙数値シミュレーション技術シンポジウム (2017年6月28日-30日. 国立オリンピック記念青少年総合センター), 渋谷区, 東京, 49th Fluid Dynamics Conference /the 35th Aerospace Numerical Simulation Symposium (June 28-30, 2017. National Olympics Memorial Youth Center), Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, Japan, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency has been investigating scramjet engines in Kakuda Space Center using RamJet Engine Test Facility (RJTF) et al. The engine tested at the flight condition of Mach 6 showed very steep fuel distribution. The fuel injected from the vertical injector on the side wall stays near the side wall and the tap wall along the engine. The steep fuel distribution is an obstacle for the engine performance completion. In order to solve the problem, the authors are focusing the influence of cowl shock wave on the fuel distribution and aerodynamic effects of strut. In this paper the authors describe results of trial combustion CFD in two engine configurations including the improved one., 形態: カラー図版あり, Physical characteristics: Original contains color illustrations, 資料番号: AA1730011015, レポート番号: JAXA-SP-17-004

A 31-year-old man was referred to our hospital for macroscopic hematuria. An abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan showed a 36×30 mm enhancing left renal tumor with tumor thrombus extending into the left renal vein. Therefore, we diagnosed the tumor as a clinically classified cT3aN0M0 left renal cell carcinoma. Retroperitoneal laparoscopic radical left nephrectomy with renal vein thrombectomy was performed, with removal of the left kidney with the mass and tumor thrombus en bloc. The pathological diagnosis was epithelioid angiomyolipoma (EAML) of the left kidney. EAML is a rare tumor with malignant potential. In this case, although no signs of recurrence or metastasis have been observed for 9 months post-operation, we recommended a careful follow-up regimen.

平成30年度衝撃波シンポジウム (2019年3月5日-7日. 横浜国立大学経済・経営学部講義棟1号館 ）横浜市, 神奈川県, Symposium on Shock Waves in Japan, FY2018 (March 5-7, 2019. Yokohama National University), Yokohama, Kanagawa, 資料番号: SA6000134023, レポート番号: 1B2-1

原子力災害発生時に、被ばく線量を低減するための手段として、屋内退避施設や家屋等の建屋への避難をする場合がある。被ばく線量をどの程度低減することができるかを評価するためには、避難対象施設を構成している建築材料の遮蔽能力を把握しておく必要がある。そこで、国内にて現在、建屋を建築する際に使用されている主な建築材料について、3種類のエネルギーの光子(X線及びガンマ線)照射試験を実施し、各建築材料の光子透過率を取得、整理した。その結果、木構造や鉄骨構造で多く使用されている複合壁や屋根の遮蔽性能が比較的低いことがわかった。また、複合壁や屋根に使用する材質が異なることによって、遮蔽性能が変化する結果となった。例えば、複合壁の場合、外壁が窯業系サイディング材の場合と比較すると、軽量コンクリートの場合では、透過率が低くなった。さらに、遮蔽性能が比較的低い建築材料については、遮蔽性能を強化するための追加対策として、遮蔽材を付加した場合の光子透過率についても測定を行い、その結果を取りまとめた。, If a nuclear disaster occurs, we may evacuate indoor escape facilities and buildings such as houses as avoid extra exposure doses. In order to evaluate exposure doses, it is necessary to estimate shielding capabilities of the building materials constituting the sheltering facility. Therefore, photon irradiation tests with three kinds of photon energy were carried out for Japanese familiar building materials in Japan, and photon transmittance of each building material is acquired and summarized. As a result, it was found that the shielding capabilities of composite walls and roofs which are widely used in a tree structure and a steel structure were relatively low. And, difference of materials used for composite walls and roofs resulted in a difference in shielding capabilities. For example, in the case of composite walls, compared with the photon transmittance of wall with ceramic-based siding materials, those of wall with lightweight concrete were lower. Furthermore, photon transmittance was also measured for building materials with relatively low shielding performance added shielding materials as additional measures to enhance shielding capabilities.

防災業務関係者の放射線防護を検討するために、東京電力福島第一原子力発電所事故時のオフサイトの防災業務関係者の外部被ばく線量を評価した。2011年3月12日から31日までに活動内容が詳細に記録された防災業務関係者の1日毎の個人線量の最大値は12日に双葉町で避難支援に従事していた防災業務関係者の650$\mu$Svであった。次に、大気拡散沈着計算コードを用いて先行研究により推定されたソースタームから放射性核種の大気中濃度と地上面沈着量を計算し、オフサイトの空間線量率を推定した。そして、防災業務関係者の記録の中で日々の活動内容と個人線量が連続的に記録されていた6名に対して外部被ばく線量を計算し、活動領域における計算結果の最大値及び平均値と個人線量計の測定値とを比較した。その結果、活動領域の線量率の最大値から算出した外部被ばく線量の計算値が実測値を概ね包含することを示した。, The external exposure dose of off-site emergency responders at Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Station accident were evaluated in order to consider a radiation protection of emergency responders. The maximum value of individual daily dose of emergency responders whose activities details were recorded from 12th to 31th March 2011 was 650 $\mu$Sv engaged in evacuation support in Futaba Town on 12th. Next, atmospheric concentrations and deposition of radionuclides were calculated from the source terms estimated by previous studies using atmospheric diffusion and deposit calculation codes, and air dose rates at off-site were estimated. Then, the external exposure dose was calculated for 6 emergency responders whose daily activities and personal doses were continuously recorded. Furthermore, the maximum value and the average value of the calculation external dose of emergency responders in the activity area were compared with the measurement value of the personal dosimeter of them. These results showed that the calculated value of the external exposure dose of emergency responders calculated from the maximum value of the dose rate in the active area roughly includes the measured value.

第19回宇宙科学シンポジウム (2019年1月9日-10日. 宇宙航空研究開発機構宇宙科学研究所(JAXA)(ISAS)相模原キャンパス), 相模原市, 神奈川県, 19th Space Science Symposium (January 9-10, 2019. Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency(JAXA)(ISAS)Sagamihara Campus), Sagamihara, Kanagawa Japan, 著者人数: 32名, 資料番号: SA6000144072, レポート番号: P-037

第48回流体力学講演会/第34回航空宇宙数値シミュレーション技術シンポジウム (2016年7月6日-8日. 金沢歌劇座), 金沢市, 石川, 48th Fluid Dynamics Conference /the 34th Aerospace Numerical Simulation Symposium (July 6-8, 2016. The Kanazawa Theatre), Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency has been investigating scramjet engines in Kakuda Space Center using RamJet Engine Test Facility (RJTF) et al. The engine tested at the flight condition of Mach 6 showed very steep fuel distribution. The fuel injected from the vertical injector on the side wall stays near the side wall and the top wall along the engine. The steep fuel distribution is an obstacle for the engine performance completion. In order to solve the problem, the authors are focusing the influence of cowl shock wave on the fuel distribution. In the result of simulation by visualizing the stream lines in CFD, the effective stream lines are found useful for the fuel spreading. In this paper the authors describe results of trial combustion in two engine configurations including the improved configuration., 形態: カラー図版あり, Physical characteristics: Original contains color illustrations, 資料番号: AA1630031014, レポート番号: JAXA-SP-16-007

A 71-year-old woman underwent left radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma (clear cell carcinoma, pT1bN0M0) ten years previously. She noticed a tumor on the tip of her tongue and was admitted for dental and oral surgery. The tumor was about 10 mm in size, and tumor resection was done. It was pathologically diagnosed as clear cell carcinoma, which was metastasis of renal cell carcinoma. Computer tomography scan during the same period revealed left hilar lymph node and bilateral lung metastases. We chose to use sunitinib as the treatment for the metastases. Computer tomography revealed a complete response (CR) after sunitinib treatment was given for 10 months, and we are still continuing the treatment to maintain the CR status.

A 67-year-old woman was referred to our hospital for precise examination and treatment as an abdominal computed tomographic (CT) scan showed a retroperitoneal tumor located below the hilus of the rightkidney. The enhanced CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed contrastenhancementin both early and late phase, which confirmed that the tumor showed abundant blood perfusion and adhered to the duodenum. We performed open surgery in order to remove the tumor and make a precise diagnosis. The tumor was excised en bloc with a part of the gonadal vein because the right gonadal vein was adjacent to the tumor in the craniocaudal direction. The pathological diagnosis was arteriovenous malformation. Arteriovenous malformation located in the retroperitoneum is very rare.

第47回流体力学講演会/第33回航空宇宙数値シミュレーション技術シンポジウム (2015年7月2日-3日. 東京大学生産技術研究所), 目黒区, 東京, 47th Fluid Dynamics Conference /the 33rd Aerospace Numerical Simulation Symposium (July 2-3, 2015. Institute of Industrial Science , the University of Tokyo), Meguro, Tokyo, Japan, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) has been investigating scramjet engines in Kakuda Space Center using RamJet Engine Test Facility (RJTF) et al. The engine tested at the flight condition of Mach 6 showed very steep fuel distribution. The authors are researching the influence of cowl shock wave on the fuel distribution by using CFD based on RJTF tests, and have found advantages of strut in the engine. Here describe the authors the result of virtual experiments for optimization trial of fuel distribution in the engine by means of tracing back along streamlines in the view point where to set the fuel injection points in order to let the fuel go into high mass flux area in the engine., 形態: カラー図版あり, Physical characteristics: Original contains color illustrations, 資料番号: AA1630005005, レポート番号: JAXA-SP-15-013

大気球シンポジウム 平成30年度（2018年11月1-2日. 宇宙航空研究開発機構宇宙科学研究所 (JAXA)(ISAS)）, 相模原市, 神奈川県, Balloon Symposium 2018 (November 1-2, 2018. Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)(ISAS)), Sagamihara, Kanagawa Japan, 著者人数: 30名ほか, 資料番号: SA6000128007, レポート番号: isas18-sbs-007

原子力施設の事故時において、住民の避難計画の決定には放出された放射性プルームの挙動予測が不可欠である。現在は、大気拡散シミュレーションを基本とした予測システムは原子力防災のツールとして実用化されているものの、放射性プルームを実測できるツールは存在しない。本研究では、技術革新の著しい無人航空機を用いて、大気中の放射性物質濃度を地上からの寄与や機体への汚染と弁別して測定できるシステムの開発を目的とした要素技術開発を行った。また、検出システムの開発とともに、放射性プルームの動きをリアルタイムに予測し、最適なフライトプランを導出するアルゴリズムの開発を行った。本レポートは3か年計画の1年目の成果をまとめたものである。, At the accident of nuclear facilities, a prediction of behavior of released radioactive plume is indispensable for the decision of the refuge plan of inhabitants. Currently, prediction system which is based on atmospheric dispersion simulation has been implemented for as a tool of the atomic energy disaster prevention. However, direct measurement method of radioactive plume has not existed. In this study, some component technologies were developed for establishment of direct measurement methods of radioactive plume using unmanned aerial vehicle whose technological innovation is remarkable. In addition, algorism of making flight plan was developed based on prediction model of radioactive plume. This report summarized the outcome of the first year with plan of three years.

平成29年度衝撃波シンポジウム (2018年3月7日-9日. 東北大学片平さくらホール ）仙台市, 宮城県, (2018年3月7日-9日. 宇宙航空研究開発機構角田宇宙センター ）角田市, 宮城県, Symposium on Shock Waves in Japan, FY2017 (March 7-9, 2018. Sakura Hall), Sendai, Miyagi, (March 7-9, 2018. Kakuda Space Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)(KSPC)), Kakuda, Miyagi, 資料番号: SA6000119015, レポート番号: 1A3-5

平成29年度宇宙輸送シンポジウム（2018年1月18日-19日. 宇宙航空研究開発機構宇宙科学研究所（JAXA)(ISAS)）, 相模原市, 神奈川県, Space Transportation Symposium FY2017 (January 18-19, 2018. Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)(ISAS)), Sagamihara, Kanagawa Japan, 資料番号: SA6000210038, レポート番号: STCP-2017-038

第18回宇宙科学シンポジウム (2018年1月9日-10日. 宇宙航空研究開発機構宇宙科学研究所(JAXA)(ISAS)相模原キャンパス), 相模原市, 神奈川県, 18th Space Science Symposium (January 9-10, 2018. Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency(JAXA)(ISAS)Sagamihara Campus), Sagamihara, Kanagawa Japan, 著者人数: 33名, 資料番号: SA6000118030, レポート番号: S9-001