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In these paired years (2020–2021), the whole world has been impacted by the Covid-19 pandemic, which has resulted in the emergence of different presumptions, alternative facts, and fake news. Among those, the most dominant news was about bats as the culprits of expansion of the virus and, indirectly, the Chinese diet as the root cause. However, there is no proof that the links in the triangle of bat-virus-human are valid; and the source of infection has not been identified. In addition to bats, these viruses can be found in other animals, such as camels, pangolins, and humans. Therefore, individual scientists are reversing the situation by presenting the possibility of transmitting the virus from humans to animals. Nevertheless, it has become ultimately ‘acceptable’ to demonise the bat. In this respect, various authors remind us of certain historical contexts of notions and perceptions of the bats, as well as the similarities and differences of those perceptions during the pandemic, referring to it mainly in the context of Croatia and the world. In the end, the article’s conclusion is that the story about the bats is, actually, a great indicator of the representations of Otherness and the strengthening of a binary and hierarchical division of ‘us’ and ‘them’.

This paper addresses the issue of criminal responsibility of the operators of industrial facilities subject to authorisation (according to IED directive) for offenses to the environment and human health caused by polluting activities formally compliant with the Best Available Techniques and related limit values as defined at European level. The objective is to establish the extent to which these parameters contribute to the definition of areas of “permitted risk” suitable to shield operators from charges for environmental crimes.

The text focuses on the analysis and interpretation of the poem 'Bat Country on LCD' by Leszek Onak, which is a new media, subversive processing of 'Lament 1' – one of the threnodies by Jan Kochanowski, the work which is well­‑established in the literary tradition. Due to the processes mentioned above, Kochanowski’s poem has been subject to a rapid and radical generative transformation. The authors emphasise that the work of Onak differs significantly from the previous artistic acts of Kochanowski’s followers because Onak grounds his creative strategy in the references to the sphere of new technologies, hybridisation processes, the programming language and, first of all, he uses the subversive remix and mash‑up strategies, which results in a radical change of both, the situation of artistic communication and the reception behaviours.

Martial’s lagalopex ‘Long-Eared Bat’ The Roman epigrammatist Martial mentions the ‘long-eared lagalopex’ (Latin aurītā lagalōpece in the ablative sg.) as a pet animal kept by his good friend Flaccus (Ep. VII 87, 1). Multiple identifications of the Latin zoonym lagalōpex (gen. sg. lagalōpecis) have been suggested so far. The author discusses the problem at hand once more, concluding that the correct identification of Flaccus’ pet animal as the long-eared bat (Pol. gacek) was offered 110 years ago by Jan Czubek, the excellent classical philologist and translator from Cracow.

Background: Cutaneous tests and specific IgE are used in the diagnosis of allergy due to beta-lactans, although drug administration at therapeutic dosage is considered gold standard in drug allergy., Objectives: The diagnostic approach in symptomatic workers is more critical when they are exposed because of work, unlike reactions to drug in case of therapy. There is not a general consensus about markers in workers occupationally exposed to drugs. Indeed, basophil activation test (BAT) is a new and promising laboratory tool, particularly useful to test intermediate molecules involved in the production. In this article we show our experience on the health surveillance of workers exposed to beta lactams and intermediate molecule (7-ZACA) in a pharmaceutical industry., Methods: We studied 15 workers divided into 3 groups: 5 exposed and symptomatic (group A), 5 exposed and asymptomatic (group B), 5 non exposed and asymptomatic (group C)., Results: BAT was positive for 7-ZACA in three subjects of group A, and in one subject of group B and one of group C. There was e concordance between clinical history, respiratory symptoms, and results of texts. It was possible to determine allergic nature of symptoms and sensitization in a preclinical phase, correctly discriminating symptoms related to irritants from the allergic ones., Conclusions: BAT, a simple and quick diagnostic procedure if compared to challenge, can be used as a useful and practical tool by occupational doctors for prevention measures, evaluation of ability to a specific job and reallocation of workers.

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Background: Piperacillin, unlike other antibiotics, rarely causes immediate allergic reactions. Only two cases related to occupational exposure are reported in the literature., Objectives: Adoption of new methods for diagnosis of occupational allergy to drugs., Methods: An atopic nurse, aged 30 years, was referred to our hospital for an allergic work-related reaction to piperacillin. The patient had suffered two successive episodes with immediate cutaneous reaction, angioedema and dyspnoea after preparing piperacillin. Almost four years previously she had suffered from similar symptoms after taking amoxicillin. She was submitted to a clinical examination and a routine allergic test, performing also specific IgE (Phadia Pharmacia ImmunoCap) and BAT (Basophil Activation Test) for Beta-lactam antibiotics., Results: A positive response to piperacillin was observed in our case using BAT a new non-invasive and safe method, that proved useful for diagnosis of allergy. Moreover, we observed a change from an allergic reaction for therapeutic use of amoxicillin to a work-related adverse reaction to another beta-lactam, piperacillin., Conclusions: In previous clinical cases cutaneous and specific challenge tests were performed for diagnosis. At present, availability of an in vitro test, such as BAT may provide new diagnostic opportunities, and a useful tool for studying clinical cases other than, in perspective, monitoring exposed workers. Preventive measures were taken in the workplace to lower the risk of sensitization and allergic response. The nurse was transferred to a well controlled job.

Copyright of La Medicina del Lavoro is the property of Mattioli 1885 SpA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Rassegna di Patologia dell'Apparato Respiratorio is the property of AIPO - Associazione Italiana Pneumologi Ospedalieri and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The etymology of the Germanic stem *paþa- > engl. paþ / pað is taken into consideration and the usual explanation as a Celtic or as an Iranic loan is rejected in favour of a viewpoint that tends to see *paþa- as an original Germanic stem, to be confronted with the Latin verb batuo. In fact, this proposal is in line with a treatment of *paþa- along with a traditional comparative analysis in terms of the Grimm's law. KEYWORDS: Germanic, Latin, etymology, historical linguistics, reconstruction

Nel nostro Paese la presenza di immigrati è ancora un fenomeno piuttosto recente, anche se ormai strutturale. I migranti sono oggetto di discussione politica in merito alla loro collocazione nel mercato del lavoro e nella società, si parla molto delle nuove generazioni che nascono in Italia da genitori stranieri, ma esiste un vuoto non ancora colmato o forse colmato solo in parte. Si intende far riferimento al sistema formativo per adulti immigrati, punto di non poca importanza se si pensa di poter realizzare a pieno l’inclusione di queste popolazioni. È necessario perciò interrogarsi su come avviare politiche efficaci per costruire una serena convivenza civile e raggiungere un maggior benessere per tutti in un’Italia sempre più connotata in senso multiculturale (Lupoli, 2009). Alla luce degli ultimi dati demografici e dell’evoluzione della normativa di merito, una riflessione sui possibili risvolti pedagogici nel sistema dell’educazione per gli adulti.

Sin resumen

The paper deals with a much-debated topic in Italian criminal law scholarship and jurisprudence, that of criminal liability for carrying on formally authorised polluting activities, with a focus on its EU law profiles. After an overview of the concept of “unlawfulness” in environmental criminal law, the paper turns on the Italian offence of waste trafficking, addressing in particular two recent rulings of the Court of Cassation that held that the violation of EU “Best Available Techniques” can determine the “unlawful” nature of conduct, even when the latter is formally authorised. The author argues that this approach cannot be shared in its absoluteness, but deserves attention in order to avoid that, in certain well-defined hypotheses, authorisation becomes a factor of unjustified impunity for environmental damage.

This article explores the relationship between the rights and duties of minors from a pedagogical point of view. It uses the metaphor of a bat - that small flying animal which is blind - which orients itself by emitting ultrasounds and thus avoiding obstacles that appear along its path. This metaphor is used to describe todays minors who are struggling with a world crowded with messages which often generate interference and overlapping echoes. The risk of being oriented towards fantasies as points of reference. Actions to block such a situation can come only from an adult who is willing to "offer shade", that is accompany the minor as a life teacher. An adult-educator offers, on one hand, protection, and on the other, a thrust to the minor to take on the challenge of life. This means that the adult offers a basis on which the child can lean, can grow in the accompaniment of someone who is a solid and significant reference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many work in the field of entrepreneurship inventories more or less significant predictions of entrepreneurship: Age, gender, education, family history, skills, risk acceptance. In this work, we aim to make one of these preachers, namely entrepreneurship education in the practicing companies, based on the assumption that successful simulation/practice of entrepreneurship from an early age coupled with the acquisition of specific knowledge and skills, it can lead to an incentive to do business on its own. We focused on high school students who are attending the training companies to see if they are interested in entrepreneurship in their colleagues. I used the group as a research tool, having an analysis group and a control group. The study's conclusions converge toward the idea that pupils in the firms of practice are first and foremost excited about becoming entrepreneurs, but not as realistic about the results of entrepreneurial activity, seeing the positive aspects (high income, flexible program, decision-makers) in the main less of the negative ones of this activity (risks, workload).

The gallbladder of the insectivorous hibernating bats (Pipistrellus pipistrellus et Rhinolophus ferrumequinum) in fullness, shows a fundus, a corpus and a neck. Its wall is formed by three layers: mucous membrane, with simple columnar epithelium on a thin basal lamina, beneath which is a "lamina propria" of connective tissue with blood and lymphatic vessels; lamina muscularis, constituted by three of four parallel bundles of smooth muscle cells, arranged in circular pattern; serous membrane of loose connective tissue, with precollecting lymphatic vessels and covered by mesothelial cells. By SEM the luminal surface of mucous membrane shows more or less prominent folds delimiting irregular areas with hexa-pentagonal outlines of the apical region of epithelial cells. This latter present a convex dome aspect with numerous microvilli, not changed significantly, during the different year periods. In summer and autumn the epithelial cells are characterized by developed organelles in supranuclear cytoplasm. During the prehibernating period, chiefly the cytoplasm shows multivesicular and heterogeneous dense bodies. In summer, autumn and initial hibernating period, epithelial cell cytoplasm presents microvilli with prominent "antennulae microvilares", numerous light micropinocytosis vesicles, little rough vesicles in apical portion. The mitochondria, grouping in supranuclear and basal cytoplasm, in lethargy, are characterized by small matrix osmiophilic granules. The epithelial cells are held together near the apical surface by tight and gap junctions, and some rare desmosomes only in Rhinolophus f.e. The cell membranes are deep pleated or interdigitate with wide intercellular spaces during the prehibernating period and experimental arousing, while in lethargy and summer months these present linear outline with scanty invaginations. The Authors compared these morphological aspects of bat gallbladder with other micromammalia's one, underline particularly the functional role of dense bodies, wide intercellular spaces and apical micropinocytosis vesicles. The different seasonal ultrastructural characteristics of epithelial cells are considered in close relation to an absorbing function connecting with balance of different metabolisms.