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Iuliu Maniu (1873–1953) was a prominent Romanian politician known for his unwavering integrity and honesty. Maniu's legacy as a champion of Romanian patriotism and his close ties to the Greek-Catholic Church are celebrated. The narrative delves into his pivotal role in the union of Transylvania with Romania, alongside figures like Cardinal Iuliu Hossu and Patriarch Miron Cristea. sheds light on the challenges Maniu faced under the communist regime, culminating in his unjust imprisonment and tragic passing. The paper also examines Maniu's early life, education, and political career, highlighting his instrumental role in the Great Union of 1918. His leadership in the National Peasants' Party (Partidul Naţional Ţărănesc) and his efforts to create a thriving middle class in Romania are explored. The test emphasizes the stark contrast between the pre-and post-World War II political landscapes in Romania, marked by the rise of the Romanian Communist Party and the subsequent suppression of traditional parties. The grim reality of political trials and the harsh treatment of dissenting voices, including Maniu, are vividly depicted. The article concludes with reflections on Maniu's enduring legacy, underscoring his continued admiration for his contributions to Romanian nationhood and democratic ideals. Despite the efforts to erase his memory during the communist era, Maniu's impact remains an indelible part of Romania's history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The paper surveys the Italian historiography (various generations of authors) on the communist regime in Romania during the time of Nicolae Ceauçescu, from the apologists of the regime to its critical analysts. It could be argued that the negative historical judgments on the regime are definitely in the majority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper is an attempt to highlight the magical force of the spoken word, as well as the role of the magical, miraculous plants within Romanian traditional community situated in the north-west side of Romania (Maramures), aspects which are seen in relation to the anthropology of the ages, to the existential steps (childhood, puberty, youth, maturity, old age). The magical plants, which acquire anthropomorphous features, are interconnected with some special categories. For instance, the chicory and the sun-flower appear within children's games (childhood), the basil, the vervain, the belladonna and Our Lady's bedstraw can be found in love's games (puberty and youth). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We analyse the period from the establishment of the national-communism in Romania (1965) until the abolition of the institutional censorship (1977), marked by a politics of slow desatellisation from the U.R.S.S. and of opening to Occident. In this paper we aim to review the ideological lines that have marked the censorship process on the basis of the political norms, to synthetically analyse the General Direction of Press and Publicationsř reports in order to outline the intervention platform of the censor device and complement these data with outstanding evidences of writers, translators and literary journalists. Our approach is based on the polysystem theory (Evan-Zohar) that situates the translations within the target literary system and considers that its dynamics depends on the external and internal factors that influence and shape a national literature in a determined period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the socio-political and religious dialectics of spirituality in post-communist Romania. Starting from a statistic evaluation of the distribution and subdivision of the Churches on Romanian territory, the paper studies the religious factor as a systemic element for understanding the deep relationship between people and "national belonging", understood as a relevant key of social self-representation. The close link with the historic-religious past of Romanians, partly obscured during the years of socialism, re-emerges after the collapse of the communist regime through specific forms: the monastic life, studies on the lives of saints, the history of Romanian Orthodoxy, are used for strengthening the bond between people and tradition in a new context, coinciding with the entry into the European Union. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After gaining its independence in the Russo-Romanian-Turkish War, 1877-1878, Romania chose as a security solution the alliance with the Central Powers (October 1883), alliance to which Italy also adhered in May 1888. Strategic, political-diplomatic and economic reasons, but especially the fear of Russia shaped this option. Towards the end of the century, in the mind of the Romanian decision-makers the fear of Russia was replaced by the combined fear of Russia and Bulgaria, and this given that the Bulgarian nationalism centered on the territorial expansion in Macedonia became increasingly more aggressive, threatening the existing balance of power in South-East Europe. Romania tried to block the Bulgarian nationalism by promoting a policy of status quo, within which the political and diplomatic collaboration with the Central Powers and the Ottoman Empire was the key element. This paper analyzes - based on an unpublished archive material from the Romanian Archives - the Balkan dimension of the Romanian diplomacy and security politics at the late XIX and early XX century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper aims at revealing the historical value of one of the mass media used by Romanian elites in their effort of redefining the roles women and family should have in the Romanian society of the 19th century. Two were in fact the main objectives we aimed at achiving: first to stress the importance that printed press has as an historical resource for the study of women and family history and, secondly to reveal how press perfectly mirrored some of the great debates of the Transylvanian society during this century. As a society has at its basis the women and the family, what we intended to point out is how the Romanian journals, such as Gazeta Transilvaniei, Familia, Amicul Familiei were used as disseminating and formative tools for educating the women or correcting some bad habits caused by the modernity in the family areal. Moreover, our intention was also of studying the journals form a gender perspective as they represent indeed a major media in which the debate over women's condition and role in the society developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper outlines the historical context in which, during the First World War, the Romanian Legion in Italy was created in June 1918, at Avezzano. Led by Brigadier General Vittorio Zuppelli, the Legion consisted of Romanian prisoners of war who had previously belonged to the Austro- Hungarian army. The three Romanian companies integrated into the Italian army distinguished themselves in the battles that led to the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian forces and brought about the end of the war. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a close reading of two recent novels by the German-Romanian writer Dieter Schlesak: Capesius der Auschmitzapotheker (2006) and Transylwahnien (2011). Born in 1934 among the German community of Transylvania, Schlesak deals in his novels with the tragic epic of the Holocaust, seen from the particular point of view of the transylvanian Saxons and their involvement in the Nazi crimes. More precisely, he depicts the "little homeland" of the Saxons and his dramatic dissolution, while History painfully reveals the existence of the Evil within the reassuring transylvanian Heimat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to reconstruct the traces that romanian folklore left within the works of three prominent italian writers and intellectuals of the second-half of the twentieth-century: Franco Fortini, Ernesto de Martino and Pier Paolo Pasolini. In his first book of poetry, Foglio di via (1946), Fortini translated, from a french version made by Ilarie Voronca, some romanian funeral songs, trying to conceal file folkloric sources, in order to misappropriate them. The same archaic ceremonial songs are used, as historical and ethnographic evidences, by Ernesto de Martino in his great anthropological survey on european funeral laments, Morte e pianto rituale (1958), and then by Pier Paolo Pasolini as a soundtrack for his movie Oedipus Rex (1967). In all of this cases, the fascination for the romanian popular poetry is tangled with reticences and ambiguities, that reveal the complex relationships existing between intellectuals and popular traditions in twentieth-century culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Il Diritto Dell'unione Europea is the property of Giappichelli Editore srl and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

György Ligeti and György Kurtág are united by one of the most beautiful friendships between two composers of our times. It united them when they were contemporaries, it still unites them now, when Ligeti has long since stepped beyond the boundaries of this world. Their affinities were manifold, their personal history closely interwoven, in the time spent in Budapest during the precious years of their youth as well as in times when, though separated by geographical distances, they were never separated in spirit. The three texts entrusted to us by maestro Kurtág for translation into Romanian and publication abound in the particular notes owned by this dialogue of thought and affection: out of intimate scraps of mutual biography, out of confessions extracted from the affective memory, out of cultural metaphors with infinite reverberations (Dante, Lewis Carroll), out of the deeply impressed traces of things experienced, out of - maybe - commonplaces, which unexpectedly rise to the height of symbols - Kurtág's words cause revelation, beyond everything we knew and admired about the friendship of the two. We notice in these texts the reflex of a supplementary mutual trait shared by the two - the profound familiarity to Romanian cultural values, an asset that has always been a natural source for quenching their spiritual thirst. The three texts were published in the volume György Kurtág - Drei Gespräche mit Bálint András Varga und Ligeti-Hommagen (Holnap Kiadó KFT, Budapest, 2009). Laudatio auf György Ligeti was uttered on receiving the Siemens Foundation Prize (May 1993); Kylwyria - Kálvária; Über György Ligeti represents the speech given on the reunion in memoriam Ligeti of the Association "Ordre pour le mérite" from Berlin (2007); since the time of the speech was limited to ten minutes, Kurtág subsequently added a complementary Appendix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]