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This study aims to develop the STAD cooperative learning model specifically designed for mathematics education in a higher institution to impact students' reasoning and communication skills. The study holds significance in its comprehensive analysis, encompassing (1) Plomp Stage 1 Schematic: Preliminary Study; (2) Plomp Stage 2 Schematic: Development Study; and (3) Plomp Stage 3 Schematic: Assessment Study of the developed STAD learning model. The method employed was Research and Development (R&D), utilizing questionnaires, tests, and observations as data collection techniques. The present research involved students at a university in Padangsidimpuan, North Sumatra, Indonesia. The analysis techniques used were inferential statistics and descriptive statistics. The findings indicated that: (1) The preliminary study of the model was conducted based on needs analysis incorporating the curriculum, student, and learning materials; (2) The model’s development study, encompassing six phases, yielded a significant validation result of 3.84, categorized as ‘Good’; (3) The assessment study, in terms of practicality, obtained a score of 4.60 (considered ‘Good’), and effectiveness demonstrated positive significance in affecting students' reasoning and communication skills. The overarching conclusion drawn is that the research and development of the STAD learning model revealed significant positive impacts on students' reasoning and communication skills.

Environmental damage is a recurring issue in South Sulawesi. The community remains insufficiently aware of the importance of environmental conservation. One of the contributing factors is the lack of a character that values and loves the environment within the community. It is necessary to integrate local culture into environmental issues. Society should recognize that integrating knowledge and personal norms inherited from their ancestors can shape an environmentally friendly character. This research examines how Maudu Lompoa culture shapes an environmentally aware character among the followers. The research findings reveal that the formation of an environmentally aware character in Maudu Lompoa is rooted in the love and devotion to the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) as a holy figure. Maudu Lompoa is conducted with great reverence at each stage, emphasizing cleanliness and the sanctity of the celebration process. The formation of an environmentally aware character stems from behavioral patterns and ancestral messages, which are embodied in preparing celebration materials, food, and event venues. This study could shape the community's understanding of environmental preservation and inspire a lifelong love of the environment ingrained in their values. Kerusakan lingkungan di Sulawesi Selatan masih sering terjadi. Masyarakat masih kurang menyadari pentingnya menjaga lingkungan. Kurangnya karakter cinta lingkungan dalam diri masyarakat menjadi salah salah satu penyebabnya. Diperlukan integrasi budaya lokal dalam permasalahan lingkungan. Masyarakat harus menyadari bahwa integrasi pengetahuan dan norma-norma pribadi dari leluhur sangat penting untuk membentuk karakter cinta lingkungan. Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang budaya lokal Maudu Lompoa dengan fokus pada pelaksanaannya yang membentuk karakter cinta lingkungan para pengikutnya. Temuan penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa pembentukan karakter cinta lingkungan pada pelaksanaan Maudu Lompoa dibentuk oleh landasan kecintaan kepada Nabi Muhammad SAW sebagai manusia suci. Pelaksanaan Maudu Lompoa dilaksanakan dengan penuh khidmat dari setiap tahapannya dengan memperhatikan kebersihan dan kesucian prosesi perayaan. Pembentukan karakter cinta lingkungan terbentuk dari bentuk perilaku dan pesan-pesan leluhur, yang tetuang dalam perilaku menyiapkan bahan perayaan, makanan, dan tempat pelaksanaan. Penelitian ini dapat memberikan implikasi pada pengetahuan masyarakat dalam menjaga lingkungan sekitarnya, membentuk karakter cinta lingkungan yang akan bertahan lama karena berasal dari kepercayaan yang dianutnya

This study aims to determine the differences in the effect of Drill Controlled One Arm and Drill Catch Up Exercises on Swimming Speed ​​for Freestyle in Men's Swimming Athletes at Pontianak Swimming Club. The method used in this research is the experimental method. The sample used in this study were 16 athletes from swimming clubs. Based on the results of the research, the Drill Controled One Arm and Drill Controled One Arm exercises both have an influence on speed in the free swimming style of men's swimming athletes at the Pontianak Swimming Club. Based on the results of the study showed that the results of the Drill Catch Up exercise were better than the Controlled One Arm Exercise for freestyle swimming in male swimming athletes at the Pontianak Swimming Club

This research aims to develop hormone system teaching material for distance learning DL through Moodle to improve students' digital literacy. This research uses the Research and Development (R&D) method with the ADDIE model, which has the stages of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The developed teaching material was tested for feasibility on the material, media, and language aspects by six expert validators. Two biology teachers and students from senior high school SMAN 3 Bekasi also tested the developed teaching material. The results showed that the hormone system teaching material for DL through Moodle had an average value of 3.40 (very valid) on the material aspect, 3.30 (very valid) on the media aspect, and 3.03 (valid) on the language aspect. The Biology teacher’s trial obtained an average value of 3.45 (very valid) and an average of 3.32 (very valid) for the students’ trial. The hormone system teaching materials for DL through Moodle has a final average value of 3.30 from a maximum value of 4.00. It shows that the hormone system teaching material for DL through Moodle is very valid to be used as a learning medium for hormone systems in schools and is expected to improve students' digital literacy.

Every year floods occur in Soppeng regency. The high rainfall and land conversion become the main cause of the flood. It affects the society both in their life and their welfare. The community has carried out various responses and adaptation strategies to deal with the risk of future floods. Thus, this study aims to determine the local adaptation strategy of the community in dealing with flood disasters in Soppeng Regency. The method in this study was carried out using in-depth interviews and observations in flooded areas. The community participation comes from socially inductive research that produces descriptive results. The result of this research shows that the lack of coordination between the community, government, and private parties (NGOs) leads to higher vulnerability. In addition, the adaptation model carried out by the community begins at the household level, especially the house-building model in the form of a stilt house. It consists of two parts namely, the lower and the upper. The lower part is usually used to deviate goods, agricultural materials, and vehicles, while the upper part is used as a place to rest and carry out daily routines such as cooking, chatting with neighbors, receiving guests, and so on. The act of adaptation in groups is by raising the position of the house to the second floor, building a small embankment, and moving household appliances to a higher place.

The development of fishery resources is realized through one of the pillars of development, namely pro-environment (restoration and preservation of the environment) in the order of conservation and rehabilitation of marine resources. This study aimed to investigate and describe patorani culture, which is the local fishermen's knowledge of conserving fishery resources. This research used the qualitative descriptive method with a phenomenological approach by using several sets of data, including the preliminary studies. The data were collected through literature review, observation, and preliminary survey, and then they were analyzed based on understanding and public opinion through a qualitative approach. The informant is a patorani fisherman who act as the papalele, punggawa, and sawi. Primary data sources and data collection techniques are obtained mostly from participation observation, and in-depth interviews with patorani fishermen families. The data obtained were analyzed componential through three stages, namely data reduction, data presentation, and data verification. The results of this study showed that Galesong society still practices patorani culture in the utilization of coastal resources and maritime transport, including: 1) knowledge related to ceremonial preparation of fishing activities, 2) the use of technology fishing gear, 3) knowledge about the existence of spear fish, 4) knowledge in fishing activities, and 5) knowledge of the fishing voyage patorani. The fisherman's knowledge of patorani culture was derived from hereditary experience. Patorani’s knowledge comes from empirical reality as a result of interaction with the environment, both with the human environment itself and the natural environment of the sea. Finally, the local knowledge system of patorani can systematically support education on the conservation of aquatic biological resources, especially fishery resources.

This research discusses the effect of installed power, Gross Fixed Capital Formation (GFCF), the number of workers on the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the Province of the Bangka Belitung Islands. The approach used by the researcher is descriptive quantitative. The data analysis technique used in this study is multiple linear regression using secondary data sourced from the Central Statistics Agency, namely panel data for the 2010-2019 period in the Province of the Bangka Belitung Islands. The results showed that the best model in panel data regression analysis of the factors that influence the GRDP of the Bangka Belitung Islands Province in this study was the Random Effect Model. Capital Per Worker, Life Expectancy, Average Length of Schooling, and Expected Length of Schooling are able to explain the GDP of 56.69 percent. Capital Per Worker, Life Expectancy, Average Length of Schooling, and Expected Length of School together have a significant effect on GDP. Partially, capital per worker has an insignificant negative effect on GDP, while life expectancy and average length of schooling have a significant positive effect on GDP. Expectations for the school year have a positive but not significant effect on GDP.

One of the things that often hinders success in learning Arabic is the emergence of demotivation. This study aims to analyze the form of demotivation and understand the factors that cause demotivation in learning Arabic for students of the Arabic Language Development Program (PPBA) at the Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang. This research used a qualitative approach with the type of case study. The subjects in this study were ten PPBA students and lecturers at the Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang. To collect data, the researchers observed students who were demotivated in learning Arabic, also asked the lecturers and program managers about this phenomenon, and saw the related documents. In addition, to analyze the data, the researcher used Miles and Huberman's interactive technique with the stages of reducing data that is less relevant to the research objectives, displaying it in the form of tables and narratives, then making conclusions. The researchers used source triangulation and member check techniques to test the validity of the data. The results indicated that there were types of demotivation that faced by students and there are factors that cause demotivation in students learning Arabic at PPBA. This research contributed in mapping the types of demotivation and its factors experienced by many students in learning Arabic.

The goal of this research is to develop valid and feasible Nearpod-based circulation system teaching materials. This research method uses the ADDIE development model, which includes stages of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The research was conducted from July 2022 to June 2023. The teaching materials were tested for feasibility in material, media, and language and tested by Biology teachers and students of SMAN 14 Jakarta. The feasibility test results showed that Nearpod-based circulation system teaching materials had an average score of 3.65 (very valid) on the material aspect, 3.89 (very valid) on the media aspect, and 3.53 (very valid) on the language aspect. In Biology, the teacher trial obtained a mean value of 3.51 and an average of 3.31 for the student trials. This shows that Circulapod teaching materials are very valid and feasible to be used as learning media for circulatory systems learning in schools.

We sincerely express our apology for the changes in the author list in the article entitled Patorani local knowledge system in fisheries resources conservation education in Galesong District South Sulawesi. This article was published on DOI: 10.17977/um017v28i12023p52-63, with the authors list consisting of Hasriyanti, Rusdi, Alonge Titus Adeyemi, Michel E. D. Chaves, and Erman Syarif. However, Michel E. D. Chaves issue a complaint regarding his involvement during the research and paper completion. He did not agree to the inclusion of his name in the author list. We have contacted the corresponding author for confirmation. Besides, the co-author has also confirmed the mistake in the writing of one of the author’s names, Alonge Titus Adeyemi, which should be Titus Adeyemi Alonge. The corresponding author has submitted a letter of author contribution signed by Hasriyanti, Rusdi, Titus Adeyemi Alonge, and Erman Syarif. The original article has been revised, and reasonable effort should be made to remove all references to this article.

Teaching materials are one of the important factors that determine the success of the learning process. The research objective was to develop a circulation system teaching material based on Moodle's LMS which is oriented towards increasing students' scientific literacy. The development model used was Thiagarajan 4D (Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate), to the stage of feasibility testing (develop). The subjects in this study were validators of media experts, material experts, language experts, teachers and students. The data collection technique was carried out using a questionnaire to measure the validity of the open material. The results showed that the circulation system teaching materials based on the LMS-Moodle, which were oriented towards increasing scientific literacy, had an average score of 3.50 (very valid) from a maximum value of 4.00 from all aspects. Based on the results of the research, it is shown that the teaching materials of the circulation system based on the Moodle LMS which were developed to increase scientific literacy are very valid to be used as learning media for the circulation system in schools and are expected to improve students' scientific literacy.

This article will reveal strategies for using learning media from Geography teachers during online learning (learning in networks). The aim is to find out what media is used in online geography learning and also the teacher's competence in using Geographic Information System (GIS) media in geography learning. It is hoped that the outcome of the research will be used as an evaluation material and recommendation for the next action in an effort to increase the quantity of relevant media and the quality of learning outcomes of Geography in schools. By planning training in Community Service programs. The data collection method used a special interview system for the main resource person, namely the Geography Teacher by using an online questionnaire for a random sample and secondary data documentation. The results obtained are the class media that is most often used in geography learning the first choice is to use the Whatsapp Group chat application, then Google Classroom and for face-to-face virtual use of video conferencing applications such as zoom or google meet. Meanwhile, the media for teaching teacher material still uses map media, both printed and digital, books or modules, and powerpoint presentations. Meanwhile, GIS applications are still very minimally utilized. The reasons stated are because of the relevance of the material, the easier process if using more general media and the availability of supporting facilities in the agency. However, the perception of his ability to prepare learning media is considered quite good. The only obstacle or challenge is increasing student motivation, and personal self-motivation to work that needs to be improved..

The student-centered learning process requires self-regulated learning students to optimize the learning process so that learning objectives to develop higher-order thinking skills can be achieved. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between self-regulated learning with students' high-order thinking skills on musculoskeletal system topics. This research used a descriptive correlational method with 106 students sample. The analysis technique used is simple regression and correlation test. The results showed that the correlation coefficient is 0.438, which means that there is a positive correlation between self-regulated learning and students' higher-order thinking skills in musculoskeletal system topics which is quite strong. This revealed as the self-regulation in learning increased, the students' higher-order thinking skills also increased. The coefficient determination result is 0.19 which means that self-regulated learning contributes 19% to higher-order thinking skills and 81% is supported by other factors. Recommendations for further research are that the implementation of data retrieval carried out boldly needs to be done by determining a certain time for each respondent and observing directly through video conferencing to reduce bias in the data results

Water availability plays a crucial role in the environmental hydrological cycle, where the concept states that the amount of water in a specific area on the Earth’s surface is influenced by the input and output of water over a certain period. Water imbalance can lead to excess (surplus) and deficit (water shortage), impacting various sectors, including the agricultural sector, particularly in food crop cultivation, causing seasonal shifts and changes in planting patterns. These impacts can be minimized through adequate land and environmental management, achieved by calculating the water balance conditions in a given region. This research aims to (1) analyze the spatial distribution of land water balance in a type D rainfall region and (2) determine the timing and crop planting patterns based on the water balance of rice and secondary crops in the type D rainfall region. The study employs survey methods and analysis using the Thornthwaite water balance calculation. The results indicate water surplus in the Palangga and Baito subdistricts with an 8-month surplus period, reaching 192.40 mm month-1 in June and a minimum of 2.04 mm month-1, covering various sampling points and administrative areas such as Kiaea, Watudemba, Watumerembe, Wawonggura, Eewa, Onembute, Anggondara, Mekar Sari, Wawouru, Aosole, Sanggi-sanggi, Palangga, Tolihe, Sambahule, Matabubu, Mekarjaya, Wonua Raya, Ahuangguluri, Amasara, Wawouru, Mekarsari, Anggondara, Aosole, Eewa, and Onembute. Water deficit in the Palangga and Baito subdistricts occurs for four months, peaking at 58.59 mm month-1 in June at point 6 and reaching a minimum of 4.68 mm month-1 in February at point 2. The Palangga and Baito subdistricts exhibit a cropping pattern of corn + mung bean - irrigated rice - fallowing/vegetables; soybean/irrigated rice - fallowing/vegetables; corn + peanuts - irrigated rice - fallowing/grass for animal feed.

This study aims to reveal the madrasa head's role in improving the quality of Islamic religious education in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah. This goal is based on the existing problem that the madrasa head's duties are numerous. Therefore, his role in improving the quality of Islamic religious education needs to be the object of study. The research was conducted at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri (MIN) 3 Padang City. The research method is qualitative, with data collected through observation, interviews, and documentation studies. The results of the research are as follows first, the head of the madrasa plays a role in improving the quality of Islamic religious education in his position as an educator, such as realizing a conducive madrasa environment, directing madrasa residents to implement Islamic values ​​in the madrasa environment, and involving Islamic religious educators in training activities or workshops so that The ability of educators is upgraded and in accordance with the times. Second, the supporting factors experienced by madrasa heads in improving the quality of Islamic religious education are the active cooperation and participation of all elements in the madrasa environment. The inhibiting factor for madrasa heads to improve the quality of Islamic religious education is that the managed DIPA funds are not balanced with the needs of madrasas.

Cooking oil that is used repeatedly at high temperatures will reduce the quality of cooking oil. This will trigger the hydrolysis and oxidation processes that will change the characteristics of the oil, such as an increase in free fatty acid levels and peroxide numbers. Purification of used cooking oil can be carried out physically and chemically. The physical purification of oil is carried out by using adsorbents, while chemically purification process is carried out with an alkaline solution. Physically, natural materials such as zeolite can be used, where zeolite is a natural rock or mineral which chemically has a large surface area to be used in the adsorption process. Chemically with alkaline solution you can use sodium hydroxide (NaOH). In this study, used cooking oil is purified by three stages of the process, namely despicing, neutralization and bleaching to comply with the SNI quality standards. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum operating conditions for the purification of used cooking oil in accordance with the quality standards for cooking oil. based on the results obtained by adding a NaOH concentration of 19% in the neutralization process and a zeolite concentration of 90% can reduce the acid number value of 2.4 mg NaOH/gr, the peroxide number is 7 mekO2/kg, the color degradation of used cooking oil is 51.83%.

The Corona Virus has become a world health problem in early 2020. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a disease that has never been previously identified in humans. Health workers who are at the forefront of handling Covid-19 have high psychological disorders, one of which is anxiety. The purpose is to identify the factors that influence anxiety in health workers during the Covid-19 pandemic. The databases used include Google Scholar, PubMed Central and ResearchGate. 528 articles were found based on selected keywords, the number of articles after duplication-checking was 164 articles. Then screening was carried out according to the inclusion criteria (n = 20) and a total of 144 articles were eliminated because they did not match the inclusion criteria. The number of articles following the due diligence test (n = 10) and 10 articles were eliminated because they did not meet the due diligence requirements. Then 10 articles were taken for review. The results showed that the factors that influence anxiety in health workers are gender, age, family status, availability of PPE, knowledge, contact with COVID-19 patients, chronic disease, a physical and psychological workload that threatens the health, cooperation between colleagues, working in an infectious isolation ward. Psychological disorders such as anxiety have long-term impacts and can affect the work efficiency of health workers. If this anxiety is not managed properly, it can affect the performance of health workers in dealing with Covid-19. The most dominant factors affecting anxiety are age, the availability of PPE and concerns about transmission

Metacognition skills (MS) is an individual's ability to evaluate and regulate his own thinking. Critical thinking skills (CTS) is the ability to apply the knowledge to solve problems, evaluate information, and make solutions. Conceptual understanding (CU) refers to an integrated and functional understanding of scientific knowledge. This study aims to analyze the correlation between MS and CU on motion system; CTS and CU; and MS and CTS. This research was conducted at Public High School (PHS) 3 Bekasi in February – March 2021 by involving a sample of 110 students of Grade 11 Mathematics and Science Class, who were selected through simple random sampling technique. The instrument used were the essay test, and a multiple-choice test distributed online. The research method is descriptive method with correlational studies. The results show that there is a positive relationship between MS and CU on Motion System with a correlation of 0.967; CTS and CU with a correlation of 0.431; and MS and CTS with a correlation of 0.978.

Pembelajaran matematika di tingkat dasar merupakan salah satu kunci keberhasilan siswa pada jenjang tingkat atas. Hal ini dikarenakan konsep awal matematika disampaikan pada tingkat sekolah dasar dan akan digunakan pada jenjang mengah dan atas. Pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan alat peraga matematika berbahan kertas bekas. Sasaran pengabdian ini adalah guru matematika dan siswa di MI Humairah Kota Bengkulu. Pelatihan di ikuti oleh 7 orang guru matematika yang diterapkan pada dua kelas, yaitu kelas VA dan VB dengan masing-masing jumlah siswa sebanyak 23 dan 24 orang siswa. Hasil kegiatan pengabdian, yaitu: (1) tersusunya alat peraga matematika kreatif berbahan kertas bekas, (2) peningkatan pemahaman guru dalam menyusun alat peraga dengan rata-rata tes pemahaman meningkat dari 37,50 menjadi 72,62 setelah diberikan pelatihan. (3) respon peserta rata-rata kriteria tinggi dengan persentase sebesar 71,44.

Poverty is one of the main problems in economic development, and various efforts are made to improve and expand social assistance programs (Bansos). This study aims to analyze the consumption patterns of Bansos recipients in Bangka Belitung Province. The data used are secondary data from various related agencies and primary data sourced from surveys on Bansos recipient households. The scope of the research covers two districts with the highest and lowest number of beneficiary households in the Province of Bangka Belitung Islands. The analytical method used is linear regression analysis. The results showed that Bansos significantly affected public spending, especially food spending, cellphone credit, and business capital. On the other hand, the provision of Bansos does not significantly affect expenditures such as non-food consumption, education, health, cigarettes, and debt payment

The purpose of this study was to describe the ability of junior high school students in Bengkulu City in solving math problems based on Trend International Mathematics and Science (TIMSS). This research was a survey research with a qualitative descriptive approach. The population in this study were all students of Class IX from 40 schools public and private junior high school in Bengkulu City. The sample selection was carried out in two stages, namely stratified random sampling to select schools and simple random sampling to select classes. The sample consisted of 12 Junior high schools in Bengkulu City. Data collection was done by distributing test instruments. The research instrument was 20 items that consist of 15 multiple choices and 5 short answers that were reviewed from the TIMSS problems in 2011 and 2015. Data analysis was done by using descriptive statistics. The results showed that the ability of junior high school students in Bengkulu City in terms of content aspects, namely: (1) geometry of 23.46% (low), (2) data and chance of 50.40% (low), (3) algebra and number of 59.18% (enough).

This research aimed to determine the effect of the Guided Discovery Blended Learning (GDBL) strategy on concept mastery of the human excretory system. The research method was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest control group design. The samples consisted of the eleventh-grade students of Senior High school Jakarta in 2019/2020. Class MIPA-2 was the control class taught using Guided Discovery, and class MIPA-4 were the experimental class taught using GDBL. The learning process had been carried out both online and in the classroom. Research data were collected by integrating essay tests, students' responses to learning strategies, and observation sheets of syntax implementation. The data were descriptively analyzed and tested using ANCOVA. The normality test was performed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov formula, and the homogeneity test was performed using Levene's test. The statistical tests indicated that the data were normally distributed and homogeneous; thus, ANCOVA analysis using SPSS 24 was performed. The data analysis with the ANCOVA test at 0,05 significance level obtained p value = 0.000, which means that H0 was rejected. The research result implied that GDBL affected students' concept mastery of the human excretory system. It cultivated habits to independently rearrange the concept through teachers' guidance, both from sourcebooks and online media. GDBL can be used as an alternative for biology studies.

Teaching styles have a very big role in improving students' learning abilities, by various learning styles it is hoped that students can find most appropriate teaching style that can improve student skills in learning, especially in the basic motion course of swimming. The training teaching style, reciprocity, inclusion of Mosston was selected in this study and learning motivation as the moderator variable was divided into 2 parts, they’re high and low. to determine the effect of teaching Style Pratice, reciprocal inclusion and learning motivation on butterfly swimming skills in male students at the Sports and Health Sciences Faculty. Method used in this study is an experimental method with a 3x2 factorial design. Subjects in the study were male students at the Sports and Health Education Faculty, Teachers' Training Institute, Indonesia Teachers Association, Pontianak. Based on the study results, it’s known that the reciprocal teaching style is better than teaching Style Pratice, the inclusion teaching style is better than the teaching Style Pratice and the inclusive teaching style, reciprocity is equally good in learning butterfly style swimming skills in male students at FPOK IKIP PGRI Pontianak.

One of the demands of the output of students learning in junior secondary shool, especially in mathematics was the ability to think at a higher level. Some students still had difficulty in solving mathematical problems based HOTS because of students not familiar with the problems. So it was necessary to conduct training for mathematics teachers in preparing HOTS mathematical instruments and applying it in the form of computer-based tests using macromedia flash. The participants of the training were 30 secondary mathematics teachers the members of subject teachers forum (MGMP) that consisted of teachers of public and private junior scondary schools in Bengkulu City. The results of the training activities obtained 40 multiple choice questions from the results of the development of HOTS mathematical instruments. The instrument consisted of each 20 questions for grade VII and grade VIII. The participants' responses to the training showed that the increasing knowledge of the particpants, where the average knowledge of the participants was 35, and the post-test results showed that the increasing knowledge of the participants in preparing HOTS instruments with an average was 62.75. The results of the development of the instrument had met the criteria of valid, reliable, discrimination index, and difficulty levels. The 40 items of HOTS instruments that developed were applied in Macromedia flash software.

This research is aimed at knowing morphology characteristics and factors which influence landform that is located at Rewata’a Coastal. Geomorphology is a study stressed on landform characteristics with all processes and material at the world surface. The landform is seen as the appearance of landform as the main aspect of the landscape. The method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive method by collecting primary data, such as images or photos of land from that is directly taken from the research location. The phenomenological approach used to explain what, where, how, and why related to landform which based on available theory and prior research. The research result concludes that the Rewata’a Village morphology is cliffed coast, namely the coastal with the vertical cliff. Composed by host rock or hard sediment. Although we can find sand land at bay and north area. The landform found are delta, sea cave, beach, spit, notch, cliff, wave-cut platform, and stack.

This study was motivated by students' low motivation to learn mathematics in a twelfth-grade natural science groupt one of the senior high schools in West Sumatera, Indonesia. One of the alleged contributing factors is the less conducive classroom atmosphere due to the ineffectiveness of the applied classroom management. This study aims to determine the effect of classroom management on students’ mathematics learning motivation. This study was correlational research with the ex post facto nature of research. The study population was the twelfth-grade natural science group at one of the senior high schools in West Sumatera, Indonesia, which consisted of five groups. The data collection technique used was a questionnaire. Samples were taken by non-probability sampling with the purposive sampling technique. The data were analyzed using simple linear regression analysis. The results indicated a correlation between classroom management variables and mathematics learning motivation with a reasonably strong category. Based on the result, it can be concluded that there is a significant effect of classroom management on the students’ mathematics learning motivation.

The rind of dragon fruit (Hylocereus lemairel (Hook.) Britton & Rose) is a waste material that has not been optimally utilized. The rind contains betacyanin pigment that has many benefits in pharmaceutical products. The study aimed to characterize the physicochemical properties, to evaluate the stability and to apply betacyanin in dragon fruit rind as a natural dye. The extraction process was done by using water as solvent which was sonicated at 50 kHz for 30 minutes at 25 °C. Extract was freeze dried for 48 hours. The dried extract was purified by using preparative TLC and physicochemically analyzed by using UV-Vis and FTIR spectrophotometer. The stability of betacyanin extract against pH and temperature was examined and applied as a dye in tablet imprinting. The result of this study indicated that betacyanin was found at Rf value of 0.6 same as the betacyanin standard. The maximum wavelength of betacyanin was obtained at 534 nm and the IR spectra showed similarity with betacyanin standard with the same functional groups between 4000-600 cm-1 although there was a slight shift in the wavenumber but it still in the range. The stability study were stable at temperature below 40 °C and at range pH 4-6. Betacyanin applications as natural dye of tablet have been successfully carried out with good color stability during 3 months of storage at room temperature.

Abstract – Locus of control is a belief in oneself as a center of control that directs a person's behavior to move within him towards the outside of them. Personal responsibility can be defined as individuals who deal with actions that will affect others. The role of personal responsibility is important to change students' pro-environmental intention. This study aims to analyze the relationship between locus of control and personal responsibility with pro-environmental intention at SMAN 8 Makassar City. Participants for the study were 120 students from 11th grade. This study used a quantitative approach with a descriptive method of correlation techniques, using survey data. The results showed a positive relationship between locus of control and personal responsibility with pro-environmental intention. Abstrak — Wilayah kendali merupakan sesuatu yang menuntun keinginan seseorang untuk bertindak melakukan sesuatu. Tanggung jawab pribadi adalah batasan yang dipilih sendiri oleh individu yang berkaitan dengan mengambil tindakan yang akan memengaruhi orang lain. Peran tanggung jawab pribadi sangat penting untuk mengubah intensi pro-lingkungan seseorang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara wilayah kendali dan tanggung jawab pribadi dengan intensi pro-lingkungan di SMAN 8 Kota Makassar. Jumlah responden terdiri dari 120 siswa dari kelas XI. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode deskriptif teknik korelasi berdasarkan data survei. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan positif antara wilayah kendali dan tanggung jawab personal dengan intensi pro-lingkungan.

Wilayah kendali merupakan sesuatu yang menuntun keinginan seseorang untuk bertindak melakukan sesuatu. Tanggung jawab pribadi adalah batasan yang dipilih sendiri oleh individu yang berkaitan dengan mengambil tindakan yang akan memengaruhi orang lain. Peran tanggung jawab pribadi sangat penting untuk mengubah intensi pro-lingkungan seseorang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara wilayah kendali dan tanggung jawab pribadi dengan intensi pro-lingkungan di SMAN 8 Kota Makassar. Jumlah responden terdiri dari 120 siswa dari kelas XI. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode deskriptif teknik korelasi berdasarkan data survei. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan positif antara wilayah kendali dan tanggung jawab personal dengan intensi pro-lingkungan.

Riwayat wabah sama panjangnya, atau bahkan lebih panjang, dari pada riwayat manusia. Berbagai penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyakit menular telah menimpa manusia sejak masa prasejarah. Namun, karena corak kehidupan mereka yang sederhana, nomaden, berburu dan meramu serta hidup dalam kelompok kecil yang terisolasi, penyakit tidak sampai menjadi pandemi karena kesempatan transmisi penyakit dari satu kelompok ke kelompok lainnya sangatlah kecil. Situasi itu berubah ketika manusia menemukan modus produksi baru yakni bercocok tanam. Sejak manusia menetap dan membangun komunitas di desa dan (terutama) kota, mereka harus berurusan dengan penyakit menular dalam skala yang lebih besar. Dalam sejarah peradaban manusia, pengaruh penyakit terhadap kematian kiranya menjadi signifikan tatkala manusia mulai memasuki peradaban agraris. Selain menyebabkan kematian, pandemi ternyata juga menciptakan gejolak sosial politik bahkan sampai menumbangkan sebuah rezim. Penyakit menular muncul di setiap zaman, dan hampir selalu mengakibatkan pergolakan politik. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pandemi penyakit dalam lintasan sejarah yang berdampak terhadap gejolak sosial politik.

PENGARUH METODE PETA ARGUMEN DAN EFIKASI DIRI TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS Abstract The aim of this study is to know the effect of argument mapping method and self efficacy on critical thinking ability and interaction between argument mapping method and self efficacy on critical thinking ability. The method that used in this research is quasi experiment with 2 x 2 factorial design. The instruments that used in this research are critical thinking ability essay test and self efficacy questionnaire. The subject of this study is students of XI IPA 1 and 3 from SMAN in Jakarta totalling 72 students. Samples were taken using simple random sampling. Analysis of data used two way anova. The result showed that : 1) There is effect of argument mapping method on critical thinking ability with p< 0,05, p = 0,000. 2). There is effect of self efficacy on argument mapping method and self efficacy on critical thinking ability with p< 0,05, p = 0,000. 3) There is no interaction between argument mapping method and self efficacy on critical thinking ability with p> 0,05, p = 0,602. Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh metode peta argumen dan efikasi diri terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis, serta interaksi antara pengaruh metode peta argumen dan efikasi diri terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah kuasi eksperimen dengan desain ANAVA dua arah dengan rancangan faktorial 2x2. Populasi penelitian ialah XI MIPA SMA Negeri di Jakarta dengan sampel penelitian sebanyak dua kelas, yaitu XI MIPA 1dan 3 yang berisi 72 peserta didik. Instrumen yang digunakan pada penelitian ini berupa tes uraian dan kuesioner efikasi diri. Berdasarkan analisis data hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) terdapat pengaruh metode peta argumen terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik dengan p0,05, p = 0,602.

Proses perceraian dimulai dengan suatu periode konflik perkawinan dengan lama dan intensitas beragam, diikuti oleh perpisahan, perceraian sebenarnya secara hukum, dan pembentukan kembali pengaturan kehidupan yang berbeda. Perceraian akan berdampak mendalam bagi seluruh anggota keluarga. Salah satu individu yang terkena dampak perceraian yaitu anak dalam keluarga. anak remaja yang mengalami perceraian orang tua merasakan kehilangan dan perasaan berduka yang sangat mendalam sama berdukanya ketika kehilangan orang tua karena meninggal. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh gambaran tentang Respon berduka akibat perceraian orang tua pada remaja. Metode : Penelitian ini menggunakan desain Kualitatif dengan pendekatan Fenomenologi. Informan dalam penelitian ini 4 orang remaja. Pengambilan informan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik Purposive sampling. Hasil analisa data berupa tema yang disusun berdasarkan memo dan proses coding. Hasil : hasil wawancara dengan informan menghasilkan tiga tema 1) Pengetahuan remaja tentang perceraian orangtua, 2) Sikap remaja yang orangtua bercerai, 3) Respon remaja setelah orangtua bercerai. Kesimpulan : bentuk respon yang dialami remaja akibat perceraian orangtua berupa respon afektif.

Styrofoam merupakan suatu polistirena yang sudah dipadatkan dan dibentuk sesuai dengan kebutuhan. Styrofoam banyak digunakan untuk pengemasan barang-barang elektronik dan sebagai kemasan makanan. Beberapa hal pada styrofoam yang sangat menguntungkan bagi para penjual makanan dan penjual alat elekrtonik adalah tidak mudah bocor, praktis, ringan dan ekonomis. Disisi lain setelah styrofoam tidak digunakan, akan menjadi limbah yang sulit untuk diuraikan. Bahkan pada proses produksinya sendiri menghasilkan limbah yang banyak sehingga dikategorikan sebagai penghasil limbah berbahaya ke-5 terbesar di dunia oleh EPA (Enviromental Protection Agency). Pada penelitian ini dilakukan upaya mengurangi limbah styrofoam dengan merubahnya menjadi Lem Lateks. Metode penelitianya adalah mencampurkan 30 gram limbah Styrofoam dengan 70 ml Toluen. Lem Lateks pekat yang terbentuk bersifat tidak stabil atau cepat mengalami penggumpalan. Agar lateks tersebut tidak menggumpal maka dilakukan proses emulsi dengan menambahkan emulsifier ABS (Alkil Benzena Sulfonat) yang merupakan senyawa aktif. Hasil yang baik dieroleh pada campuran 90 ml larutan polistirena dengan 10 ml aquades dan dengan penambahan 5% Alkil Benzena Sulfonat (ABS) pada waktu penyimpanan selama 3 hari.

Air demin / Aquademineralized merupakan air yang terbuat dari proses pemurnian air dan terbebas dari mineral-mineral yang terlarut dalam air. Di dalam laboratorium air demin disebut dengan aqua destilata atau aquademineralized, fungsinya adalah untuk mencuci peralatan laboratorium atau sebagai pencampur / pelarut zat-zat kimia. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini yaitu cara mengolah keluaran air buangan AC agar dapat di manfaatkan menjadi aquademineralized dengan menghilangkan faktor-faktor kontaminan seperti bakteri dan kandungan logam yang lain agar sesuai dengan standar kualitas aquademineralized yang meliputi TDS, pH dan konduktivitas. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk membandingkan tekanan umpan membran dan lamanya waktu proses filtrasi dengan menggunakan membran reverse osmosis (RO), untuk menghasilkan aquademineralized sesuai standar mutu yang meliputi TDS, pH dan konduktivitas. Proses penyaringan dilakukan pada tekanan 1, 1.5 dan 2 bar. Hasil penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa membran RO dapat bekerja secara optimum pada tekanan 2 bar dan pada waktu 30 menit didapat TDS sesuai dengan standar yaitu 10mg/l dan konduktivitas yaitu 5 𝜇S/cm. Nilai TDS dan konduktivitas terjadi penurunan seiring dengan tekanan yang di perbesar.

Continues Improvement is very important to improve everything, especially educational institutions, in improving the quality of rural education requires seriousness, because the institutions in rural areas are all good from infrastructure, teachers (teachers), quality of education, and so forth.Because of minimizing the lack of education in the village with education in the city, the author tries to provide solutions through Continues Improvement as an effort to stabilize the quality of education which is very concerning.There are several stages in improving the quality of education through Continues Improvement, which first determines problems, determines solutions, implements solutions, and evaluates, so that is the stage that a liaeder must do in improving the quality of education.

The yellow book is a valuable source of knowledge for mankind, since many Muslim figures have written their works in the form of yellow book, yellow book methodology as a vehicle for channeling and studying the works of the 'ulama' and Muslim scholars conducted by pesantren very both for the development of thought and morals of the successors of Islam in the future. Thus this effort can be concluded about the development of yellow book method of learning in printing Fiqh experts, where in the development of yellow book methodology in printing Fiqh experts include several things such as using varied methods and models by combining pesantren learning model with a college model.

Lab work has become one of the most important activities in learning Biology. Urinalysis requires special treatment because urinalysis using urine as a sample to be analyzed. There have been limitations in implementation of the lab work of urinalysis at high school level. Learning media such as virtual lab work of urinalysis was expected to overcome the limitations. The aim of this research was to develop virtual lab work as learning media of Biology. The research was held at Senior High School 4 Tangerang, using research and development method. Research and information collecting, planning, product development, and try-out and revision were the steps in this research. Instrumen used were questionnaires for need assessment for students, interviews guide for Biology teacher, and questionnaires of feasibility for media expert, material expert, Biology teacher, and students. In the try-out and revision steps, media expert and material expert were involved in feasibility testing, meanwhile Biology teacher and students grade XI at Senior High School 4 Tangerang were involved in field testing. The average percentage of all test products scored 81,76%. The result of this research showed that the virtual lab work of urinalysis could be utilized as one of learning media of Biology for Senior High School grade XI.

Learning results are influenced by 2 factors; internal and external factors. Method of learning is one of external factors. This study aimed to determine the effect of Hypnoteaching method toward application the cognitive learning outcomes on Nervous System Topic at SMAN 97 Jakarta. The research was conducted in the second semester of Academic Year 2014/2015. The method was a quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest control group design. A total sample of 74 students of class XI MIA was selected by simple random sampling technique. This research used a cognitive learning. Test instrument data was analized by analysis of variance of the path of non-parametric Kruskal Wallis. The result showed a significance value 0.07> 0.05 so that it was conclude that Hypnoteaching method had no effect on students cognitive learning outcomes Nervous System Topic.

Achievement of learning process can be seen from student cognitive learning outcome. Learning model plays an important role in student cognitive learning achievement. The introduction and implementation of Peer Instruction Flip model and Flipped Classroom are expected to increase the cognitive learning outcomes of students. The research was conducted in SMAN 6 Tangerang on Mei-Juni 2015. The reseach method used was a quasi experiment. The research sample used was XI MIA 1 (Peer Instruction Flip model) and XI MIA 3 (Flipped Classroom model) and XI MIA 2 (STAD model) who collected by Simple Random Sampling. Prerequisite test analysis of normality was the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and homogeneity test with the Bartlett test. Based on calculation, data obtained was normally distributes and homogeneously. The statistical hypothesis with Anava one way test result on rejected null hypothesis at α 0,05. It can be concluded that there was effect of Peer Instruction Flip and Flipped Classroom learning model toward student cognitive learning outcome in Excretory System material.

Students require depth understanding of the concept on dygestive system material, however misconception often happens so that optimal learning isn’t reached. This needs to be taken seriously. The introduction and implementation of Conceptual Understanding Procedures Model (CUPs) and Concept Attainment Model (CAM) are expected to reduce the misconception occur in students. Both models are learning model that requires the involvement and student activity in the learning process and can encourage students to be able to construct a concept. This study aimed to obtain data about differences in the application of CUPs and CAM on student misconception reduction in digestive system material. The research was conducted in SMAN 61 Jakarta on February-March 2015. The reseach method used was a quasi experiment. The research sample obtained after pretest ware students who have misconception on XI MIA 2 (The 1st experimental class with CUPsmodel) and XI MIA 4 (The 2nd experimental class with CAM) who collected by simple random sampling. The instrumen used was a multiple choice objective test accompanied by CRI index. Prerequisite test analysis of normality was the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and homogeneity test with the F test. Based on calculation, data obtained was not normally distributes but homogeneous. The statistical hypothesis with Mann-Whitney test result on accepted null ypothesis at α 0,05. It showed that there was no differences in the application of CUPs model and CAM on student’s misconception reduction in digestive system material.

Students need to have one of the science process skills in learning which is communication skill. Based on observation it was known that not every student had the same communication capabilities, both in oral and written. This is due to lack of student’s understanding about the concept of the material which being studied. Application of Concept Attainment learning model was expected to train students how to construct concepts on their own and be able to express it verbally. This study was aimed to determine the influence of the Concept Attainment learning model to communication skills and student’s understanding of Reproductive System material concept. This research was conducted in SMA Negeri 16 Jakarta on May 2015. This research used quasi-experimental method. The sample were 30 students each in the experimental class and control class by using simple random sampling. The instrument for this research was a written communication skills post test, understanding of concepts post test, and the observation of verbal ability. The analysis prerequisite test was the test of normality with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and homogeneity test with F test. Based on the calculations, the data were normally distributed and homogeneous. Hypothesis test using the test results showed that Ho was rejected at α 0.05. It means that there was an influence of Concept Attainment learning model of the communication skills and student’s understanding concept on Reproductive System.

Comics are one of media which can be used for learning purposes. Attractive visual element of comic allowing students to learn about challenging biology concepts. Therefore, this research was aimed to develop concept map based comic as learning media on Nervous System. This study was conducted from April to June 2016 at SMAN 91 Jakarta, using research and development method. There were six steps had been done continuously: need assessment, objective formulation, material development, instruments development, media development, and try-out and revision. The developed product received very good interpretation in all feasibility try-outs. The average of percentage score for feasibility try-out gained from media experts, material experts, small group of students try-out, and for Biology teacher try-out were 86,5%, 92,6%, 85,4%, 85,7%, and 85,5% respectively. The product’s average percentage of feasibility score was 87,1%, which indicated that the product obtained a very good interpretation. As a conclusion, this concept map based comic was qualified as a learning media on Nervous System in senior high school.

Analytical Thining Skills is one of Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS). Students are required to have Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) based on Curiculum 2013. Analytical Thining Skills was needed in the process solving a problem in learning process. One of the most difficult matter in grade XI Class is immunity System. With a playing Process Oriented Guided Inquiry Learning (POGIL) dan Discovery Learning hopefully student can improve their analytical thinking skills. This study aimed to determine the influence of POGIL and Discovery Learning toward Student Analytical Thinking Skills On The Matters of Immunity System. This study conducted in 27 Senior High School Jakarta on second semester of academic year 2015/2016 on April until May 2016. The reseach method used was a quasi experiment. The sample was determinate by simple random sampling. Class XI MIA 1 was experiment class Discovery Learning, Class XI MIA 2 was experiment class POGIL, and class XI MIA 3 was control Class. The instrument used was a post-test with objective test formed multiple choice and cause and effect. The normality data test with Kolmogorov-Smirnov and homogeneity test with Uji Bartlett. Base on the statistic test resulted acquired data distribution normal and homogen. Hipotesis test used one way ANAVA test showed the result Ho was rejected on α=0,05. This means that there is influence of Process Oriented Guided Inquiry Learning (POGIL) and Discovery Learning toward Student Analytical Thinking Skills On The Matters of Immunity System.

Salah satu masalah dalam pendidikan di Indonesia yaitu masih adanya miskonsepsi yang dialami oleh peserta didik sekolah menengah atas (SMA). Miskonsepsi pada materi Sistem Saraf secara keseluruhan yaitu sebesar 25.47%. Pada sub materi mekanisme impuls saraf mengalami miskonsepsi sebesar 4.37% dengan persentase jumlah peserta didik yang tidak paham paling tinggi dibanding sub materi lain yaitu sebesar 8.26%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan media pembelajaran Biologi berupa film pendek pada materi Sistem Saraf, khususnya materi mekanisme impuls saraf. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam pengembangan media ini adalah metode Research and Development model pengembangan Borg dan Gall. Validasi dilakukan oleh 2 ahli yaitu ahli media dan ahli materi. Analisis data menggunakan uji Kolmogorov Smirnov. Uji efektivitas menggunakan uji t. Hasil menunjukan bahwa media pembelajaran berkategori baik dan media efektif digunakan dalam pembelajaran.

ABSTRAK Pengemasan merupakan proses perlindungan suatu produk pangan yang bertujuan menjaga keawetan dan konsistensi mutu. Bahan pengemas dari plastik banyak digunakan dengan pertimbangan ekonomis, namun penggunaan material sintesis tersebut berdampak pada pencemaran lingkungan. Salah satu alternatif untuk menangani permasalahan tersebut dengan menggunakan material ramah lingkungan (biodegradable) seperti edible film. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh temperatur pengeringan terhadap swelling dan tensile strength edible film hasil pemanfaatan pati limbah kulit singkong dengan penambahan ekstrak jahe merah. Penelitian ini diawali dengan tahap pembuatan ekstrak jahe merah dan pati dari limbah kulit singkong, setelah itu dilanjutkan dengan pembuatan edible film dengan variasi penambahan ekstrak jahe merah (0.5-1.1% w/v) dan diberi plasticizer berupa gliserol (1% v/v). Selanjutnya dilakukan tahapan pembuatan dan pencetakkan edible film dan pengeringan pada temperatur ( 50;60;700C). Hasil yang diperoleh selanjutnya dilakukan analisa swelling dan tensile strength. Hasil menunjukkan nilai swelling dan tensile strength tertinggi diperoleh pada pada penambahan ekstrak jahe merah 1.1% dan temperatur pengeringan 700C yaitu masing-masing 88.89 % dan 50,66 kg/cm2. Kata Kunci : Kemuluran, Kuat tarik, Lapisan edibel ABSTRACT Packaging is a protection food product to maintain the quality and durability of food. Plastic packaging is widely used for economic consideration, but it leads to environmental pollution. The alternative way to handle this problem is by using biodegradable material such as edible film. This study aims to examine the effect of dying temperature on the swelling and tensile strength of edible cassava peel starch film with the addition of red ginger extract. This research was started with the extraction of red ginger and cassava peel starch, followed by edible film making with variation of red ginger extract addition (0.5-1.1% w/v) and glycerol (1% v/v) as plasticizer. The next stages were production and molding of the edible film. The edible films were then dried at the temperature of (50;60;700C). Furthermore swelling and tensile strength analysis was conducted to the product of edible film. The results showed that the highest swelling and tensile strength values were obtained on the addition of red ginger extract of 1.1% and the drying temperature of 700C which were 88.89% and 50,664 kg / cm2 respectively. Keywords : Edible film, Swelling, Tensile strength

The development of learning in the 21st century, requires students to have the competency that can support in the development of the times. competency is one of them is the ability to think critically. Students must have this competency in order to solve problems faced such as environmental pollution problems. The problem of environmental pollution is one part of biology, by collaborating SQ3R model that has advantages for cooperation between students and students enggagment. is expected to contribute greatly to students able to solve problems. Quasi Research This experiment uses two way anova design (2x2 factorial). This research was conducted at SMA Negeri 1 Tambun Utara in May-June 2017. The result data showed normal and homogeneous values (p> 0.05) with 140 samples. Result of research using two way anova test got data that p value = 0.000, mean p

Culture is an important aspect in learning a foreign language. This paper discusses three main conceptual issues: the concept of culture, its dimensions, and its implication to the teaching of English. In a broader sense, culture umbrellas arts, music, literary works, scientific findings, and other human beings’ creations. In a narrower sense, culture covers habits, customs, and social behaviours of a society. Four cultural dimensions: individualism, collectivism, high-context, and low-context are discussed. Deductive and inductive methods of reasoning are also discussed. In context of the teaching of English, culture is classified into local culture, foreign culture, and academic culture. Local culture refers to values and norms shared by the students who learn English as a foreign language. Foreign culture is the beliefs, norms, and values of the target language. Academic culture is the norms and values practiced in academic life. This paper strongly argues that the teaching of English as a foreign language should be based on local cultural values and norms. Language functions to express thoughts and culture. Therefore, English is used as an instrument to express thoughts and culture of learners who learn English. Keyword: culture, English language teaching, academic culture.

Al-Quran diturunkan dengan berbahasa Arab, agar manusia mempelajarainya untuk kepentingan hidup bermasyarakat dan bersosial. Realitas bahasa sebagai simbol-simbol makna, kata “ makna “ pada dasarnya merupakan masalah yang senantiasa hadir dalam lingkungan setiap manusia, yang memungkinkan seorang manusia untuk dapat menyimpan seluruh konsep dalam pikirannya dalam bentuk simbol-simbol, sehingga membantunya dalam mewujudkan perkembangan yang signifikan dalam mendapatkan ilmu pengetahuan. Ada tiga pilar penting dalam kerangka keilmuan menurut tinjauan filsafat yang tidak dapat ditinggalkan yaitu ontologi, asas penetapan ruang lingkup serta asas penafsiran akan hakikat pokok objek pengetahuan, epistemologi, merupakan asas metodologi pemerolehan dan penyusunan bangunan pengetahuan, dan aksiologi, merupakan asas tujuan dan pemanfaatan pengetahuan.

There are three types of clause in Minangkabaunese based on the typological analysis, namely: active, passive, and topicalization one. Accordingly, each clause has special information structure which makes they are different in communicating messages. This article tries to describe the types of clauses in Minangkabaunese based on typological analysis and then the discussion is continued in order to know the information structure in each clause. This article is derived and developed based on the result of a fundamental research conducted for the first year (2008) in West-Sumatra.

And is generally known as a connector which relates parallel information or ideas. In the discourse contexts, and is used differently. This article presents the discourse functions of and as a discourse marker in the presentations made by Australian students in academic settings. It was identified that and has four different discourse functions: i) linking events within a discourse topic; ii) introducing a new topic; iii) signalling a summary; and iv) signalling a speaker’s retaking a turn.