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In order to enhance understanding about the actual savings behaviour and impulses which drive savings behaviour, it is interesting to study the micro foundations of savings behaviour. Collecting micro data through filled questionnaire from households in urban areas, this study identifies the motives of savings and the instruments and channels where the savings are invested in Pakistan. The results reveal that investment motive, higher income and greater frequency of household members joining labor force for earning incomes enhance the monthly savings rate. The results can be used to offer Islamic investment deposits in an attractive way. If the investment deposits are pitched properly by highlighting the stable ex-post investment returns and low ex-post volatility, then people with an investment motive parking their savings in fixed income mutual funds would be attracted towards Islamic investment deposits. Likewise, incremental long term savings plans wherein periodic investments increase over a period of time can be offered given that monthly savings rate are found to be positively associated with income. Finally, joint investment accounts can be offered given the finding that monthly savings rate is higher in households with greater number of earning members in family.JEL Classification: G11, G21, G23How to Cite:Shaikh, S. A. (2021). Incorporating Private Savings Behavior in Product Offerings: A Case Study of Pakistan. Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 10(2), 247-258. https://doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v10i2.20139.

Purpose - The concept of recognizing all inclusive income, which is used by IFRS and Indonesian SAK, is the basis for presenting other comprehensive income in the income statement. This change in format became the idea of developing a financial performance measurement. Methodology - Testing the effect of attributable comprehensive income ROA and attributable ROA net income on future cash flows and net income, as a proxy for the ability to provide future returns, and applying them in measuring performance before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. Findings - ROA net income is better able to predict future investment returns. ROA comprehensive income has more relevance value, when only other items of comprehensive income that have the potential to be realized are included. In assessing performance, users are advised to keep using the ROA of the net income version, and when using the ROA of the comprehensive income version, it is advisable to include only OCI which will be reclassified. The financial performance of companies in many industrial sectors experienced a decline during the Covid 19 pandemic using two ROA measures. Novelty - Development of ROA formulation by including other comprehensive income and profit attribution, so far ROA is only based on net income.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis jumlah penyaluran pembiayaan atas jumlah penerimaan pendapatan yang diterima oleh PT. Permodalan Nasional Madani, Tbk dari tahun 2019, tahun sebelum pandemi hingga tahun 2021. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan menggunakan analisis kuantitatif dengan teknik analisis data menggunakan regresi linier. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder yang diperoleh dari Staistik IKNB Lmebaga Keuangan Khusus yang diterbitkan OJK dan laporan keuangan PT. Permodalan Nasional Madani, Tbk yang berjumlah 36 data. Kesimpulan dalam artikel ini adalah pengaruh jumlah penyaluran pembiayaan pada variabel terikat yaitu jumlah penerimaan pendapatan PT. Permodalan Nasional Madani, Tbk sebesar 93,2 persen. Sebagai perbandingan, selebihnya, 0,68 persen, dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain yang tidak digunakan dalam penelitian ini.ABSTRACT This study aims to analyze the amount of financing on the amount of revenue received by PT. Permodalan Nasional Madani, Tbk from 2019, the year before the pandemic until 2021. The method used in this research is to use quantitative analysis with data analysis techniques using linear regression. The data used are secondary data obtained from the statistics of the non-bank financial industry Special Financial Institutions issued by the OJK and the financial statements of PT. Permodalan Nasional Madani, Tbk which revealed 36 data. The conclusion in this article is the influence of the amount of financing on the variable, namely the amount of income received by PT. National Madani, Tbk's capital is 35.3 percent. In comparison, the rest, 64.7 percent, was influenced by other factors not used in this study.

Sustainable growth must be maintained by maintaining an increase in investment returns, with the source of funds as a stimulant. The population of this study was all Islamic life insurance companies in Indonesia. The study used path analysis mediation with regression or two layers OLS (Ordinary Least Squares) and followed by Sobel test. The result showed that investment returns can mediate participant funds in influencing the growth of Islamic life insurance companies. Meanwhile, investment returns did not mediate the influence of company funds in influencing the growth of Islamic life insurance companies.

The Efficient Market Hypothesis Theory of Fama states that stock prices cannot be predicted by its movement tendency (random walk). In some stock markets, the movement of stock prices has a seasonal effect, which is the repetition of stock movements at a certain time that can be called a calendar anomalies. The repetition or seasonal effect on rate of return shows that the stock price can be predicted, thus it can be exploited by investors to get the probability of a higher rate of return. This research aims to see whether calendar anomalies prevail in the Indonesian stock market by using the daily and monthly rate of return of LQ45 and the Jakarta Composite Index (JCI) with an observation period of 21 years from 1998 to 2018 and estimated using the GARCH-M model (1,1). The results of this research are the existence of daily anomalies on Monday as the day with the lowest rate of return and Wednesday as the day with the highest rate of return. In addition, we also get the results of monthly anomalies in August as the month with the lowest rate of return and December as the month with the highest rate of return.

The minimum value of risk-based capital of Islamic insurance is 30% in Indonesia, while Malaysia is 130%. RBC is one of indicator to measure people interest in Islamic insurance products. This paper aims to compare the risk-based capital (RBC) of Islamic insurance companies in Indonesia and Malaysia and analyze its financial ratios. This study used quantitative approach through two analysis techniques, the Mann-Whitney test and multiple linear regression. The results of this study showed that there is difference in risk between capital (RBC) of Indonesian and Malaysian Islamic insurance. Further, RBC, liquidity and investment balance ratios have a significant impact to the profitability of Islamic Insurance in Indonesia, while investment returns have no significant impact. In the other hand, RBC, liquidity, investment balance ratio, and investment returns have significant impact to the profitability of Islamic Insurace in Malaysia.

As an Islamic financial institutions into the capital market for investment, the guidance in the areas of risk and return and security prices under Shari'a framework necessary. Traditional CAPM is developed in an environment based on the interest (riba) is not in accordance with Islamic financial system. So that made the model estimates of the risks and return received by sharia models without changing the assumption of an existing model (CAPM). This research is expected to contribute in terms of risk and return assessment on investment of sharia, especially in Indonesia. The method in this research is exploratory through in approach literature studies about the model Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) and explore studies on investmentsharia compliance issues to obtain the valuation model risk and return within the framework of sharia that is Shariah Compliant Asset Pricing Model (SCAPM).The results of this study indicate that Shariah Compliant Asset Pricing Model (SCAPM) is a modification of the model Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), which has been explained that one of the basic assumptions of CAPM is no inflation. So in this study, the researchers did not use inflation but replacing the inflation factor to the rate of return on Certificates Sharia of Bank Indonesia (SBIS)

Banking activities need an assessment of the level of profitability is conducive so that the business to be achieved can be maximized. To maximize the rate of return of such profits, the control and supervision of stricter controls of cash control that occur in the operation. This study intends to observe, and understand the description of the internal control system of cash transactions that occur within the object of research environment. The object chosen in this study is the Sharia Rural Bank (BPRS) Bhakti Sumekar Sumenep. Descriptive research is used in this research, with informants taken based on purposive sampling technique. Based on the results of research, it is known that the internal cash control is quite effective that can be seen from the level of compliance and vigilance of the bank in maintaining its wealth. However, the actual implementation that has occurred is still not in accordance with the standart operating procedure that has been used.

This study aims to examine whether the changes of cash flows and accounting profit, used by investors to make investment decision, reflected in the companies’ stock return. There are four independent variables includes in this study, that is cash flows from operating, investing, and financing activities, as well as accounting profit. The stock return is calculated by using the geometric mean method. Multiple regression analysis is used to examine the data on the top 97 public companies (based on market capitalization catagory) listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange for period 2009-2010. The result reveals that accounting profit disclosure markedly affected the stock return. This implies that investors took into account the publication of accounting profit in their decision making. On the other side, the study cannot prove the association of other independent variables to the stock return.