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Pengembangan penilaian merdeka belajar pada satuan pendidikan SMA/MA menjadi upaya untuk mengembangkan sistem penilaian yang lebih respontif terhadap kebutuhan peserta didik serta dapat memberikan gambaran secara utuh tentang kemampuan yang mereka miliki. Sehingga melalui penilaian yang ada dapat memberikan motivasi yang besar kepada mereka untuk belajar dan meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran. Melihat urgensi pentingnya mengkaji serta memahami konsep penilaian merdeka belajar pada satuan pendidikan SMA/MA di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menerangkan bagaimana sebenarnya pengembangan penilaian merdeka belajar pada satuan pendidikan tingkat SMA/MA dengan menggunakan metodologi penelitian library research. Maka diperoleh hasil penelitian bahwasanaya dalam pelaksanaannya penilaian merdeka belajar pada satuan pendidikan SMA/MA tidak terdapat perbedaan yang sangat siknifikan dengan tingkat satuan pendidikan lainnya dan begitu juga dengan kurikulum sebelumnya, namun dalam kebijakan pengembangan penilaian merdeka belajar memberikan ruang yang lebih luas kepada siswa untuk menentukan bagaimana pembelajaran berlangsung, kemudian pemberian motivasi dan inovasi, serta memberikan kebebasan kepada peserta didik untuk memilih jalur belajar mereka sesuai dengan bakat, minat dan kemampuannya.

Blue Economy is an emerging concept that focuses on the sustainable utilization of ocean resources. The Philippines, being an archipelagic country, has a vast potential for Blue Economy development. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the Blue Economy in the Philippines. The study examines the current state of the Blue Economy, identifies the challenges, and presents strategies for sustainable development. The review of literature includes research articles, policy documents, and relevant reports. The study used a qualitative research design, relying on secondary data analysis. The results show that the Philippines has significant potential for Blue Economy development, but the challenges include overfishing, pollution, and climate change. The paper concludes that sustainable development of the Blue Economy in the Philippines requires coordinated efforts from various stakeholders, including government, private sector, civil society, and the international community. This novel review of the emerging blue economy concept in the Philippines emphasizes its opportunities, challenges, and the need for multi-stakeholder collaboration for sustainable development, supported by an extensive analysis of diverse literature sources.

Penelitian dilakukan berdasarkan fenomena yang muncul pada peserta didik SMKN 1 Jatirejo, Mojokerto, yaitu dengan permasalahan perilaku school refusal. Tujuan pada penelitian ini agar mengetahui efektivitas pendekatan cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) untuk mereduksi perilaku school refusal. Rancangan penelitian yang dipai adalah kuantitatif dengan jenis penilitian single subject design (SSD) yaitu A-B-A’. Hasil analisis yang diperloleh pada analisis dalam kondisi dan antar kondisi yaitu menurun dengan hasil overlap -0,95%, dimana semakin rendah semakin baik. Hal ini juga diperkuat oleh hasil post-test pada akhir baseline-2 (A’) dengan skor 51 yang tergolong rendah. Setelah dilakukannya konseling individu teknik cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) dapat ditarik hasil bahwa dapat mengurangi perilaku school refusal.

Statistical data from the Covid 19 task force in Surabaya confirmed that the death rate for COVID-19 cases until February 2021 reached 1,276 from a cumulative number of 19,089 confirmed COVID-19 and most of the deaths were 42 years old. This condition caused fear, especially in the elderly, and families with children, toddlers, and families with newborns who are at risk of mental health crises, thus requiring the development of a resilience framework to develop a stimulation model for children's social-emotional development based on cultural values and beliefs. This study aimed to determine the model of parental stimulation and resilience and their effect on children's social and emotional development. This research is a survey with a cross-sectional approach, totality sampling is 300 respondents, the instrument uses a questionnaire, while the social-emotional uses the Social Diversity Questionnaire. Test analysis using SEM modeling. The results of the stimulation model have a positive influence on children's socio-emotional development of 0.78 with a t-count value of 4.556 and p-value=0.001. The resilience stage model has a t-count value of 4.987 and a path coefficient of 0.92 with a p-value=0.001. The resilience stage has a positive influence on the stimulation model of 0.57 with a t-count value of 3.245 and a p-value 0.001. Activities to stimulate the development of children at the age of 5 years can be done by making work together with parents with resilience conditions in the recovery stage.

At present, stunting in children aged 3-5 years is the biggest child health problem experienced by most developing countries including Indonesia. A survey conducted in January 2023 with local health officials found that out of 170 toddlers, 30 were malnourished in the form of underweight, 18 toddlers and 12 toddlers were indicated to be stunted with parents who had low economic status. The general objective of this activity is focused on achieving health independence through establishing information centres and stunting management facilities managed by health cadres as an effort to prevent an increase in stunting prevalence as well as a facility to increase the income of families who have children at risk of nutritional problems, families who are indicated to be stunted through stunting centres. The activity method uses an assessment-based community development approach through seminars, training and mentoring. The instrument uses questionnaires and checklists. Indicators of achievement are the level of knowledge, skill level and income of families with infants and toddlers at risk of malnutrition and stunting. The target partners are 55 health cadres and 55 mothers who have babies and toddlers aged 5 years in the Sidoarjo area. The results of this activity found that there was a difference in the mean in each indicator of achievement of the level of knowledge of 66.6. Food management skills of 66.2, health-based entrepreneurship skills of 64.3 and family income indicators of 1.63 and Whitney mean test results with Sig = 0.001. The community development-based assessment approach method through seminars, training and mentoring is effective in changing the level of knowledge, perception and behaviour of health cadres and mothers who have infants and toddlers in fulfilling nutrition and improving the family economy as a form of support for stunting reduction programs, family food security as well as family economic security

Artikel ini didasarkan pada penelitian tentang kekeliruan bahasa Indonesia dalam Peraturan Pemerintah Daerah Provinsi Sumatera Barat. Penelitian ini penting karena kekeliruan bahasa Indonesia dalam peraturan pemerintah daerah terkait dengan implementasi Peraturan Presiden Nomor 63 Tahun 2019 Bagian 3 yang menyatakan bahwa bahasa Indonesia harus digunakan dalam peraturan tata bahasa yang menggunakan kalimat, teknik penulisan, dan ejaan. Penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan adanya beberapa kekeliruan dalam bahasa Indonesia ditemukan dalam peraturan pemerintah daerah Provinsi Sumatera Barat yaitu 1) kekeliruan tanda baca yang digunakan, 2) kekeliruan kata dan ejaan, 3) kekeliruan penggunaan kata dari bahasa daerah dan bahasa asing, 4) kekeliruan penggunaan kata majemuk, 5) kalimat yang tidak efektif, 6) penggunaan kata non-standar, 7) kekeliruan pengetikan kata, dan 8) kekeliruan penggunaan kata depan. Kata kunci: Kekeliruan, Bahasa Indonesia, Pemerintah Daerah, Perda, Sumatera Barat

The number of pornography and cybercrime among Indonesian children reaches 4448 cases – children as a perpetrator and victim. Meanwhile, Indonesian children experience 183 cases of rape and sexual abuse, 54 cases of sodomy or pedophilia – children as a perpetrator, 42 cases of sodomy or pedophilia – children as a victim, and 44 cases of abortion. A preliminary study on March 2020 in West Surabaya showed that 6 in 10 children aged 3-5 years faced sexual abuse or harassment and rape by their closest circle. The research aims are to describe the level of knowledge, perception, role implementation, emotional connection between father and child in the accompaniment of psychosexual development of children. This paper combined quantitative and qualitative methodologies with a phenomenological approach. Respondents were father compatible with inclusion criteria was determined by researchers. This study used a total sampling of 112 fathers who lived in West Surabaya. The research instruments were a questionnaire and observation sheet. Data analysis utilized percentage analysis, data reduction, and data triangulation. There were 64.5% low levels of knowledge, 70.5% negative perceptions, 63.4% fathers absence in assisting the psychosexual development of children, and 69.6% absence of emotional connection. The new normal period gave limited the role of a father in children's psychosexual development.

This study aims to prove the effect of Lavender Essential Oil Aromatherapy to the 24-hour pain scale of post sectio caesarea (SC) in Depok District Hospital. This research is a quasi-experimental design with pre and post-test with the control group. Samples of this study are mothers who have the pain of post-SC in hospitals Depok many as 68 people were divided into a treatment group (34 people) and control group (34 people). The technique of sampling is consecutive sampling. Before the intervention, the treatment group and the control group measured the pain scale using the Numerical Rating Scale. Treatment group was given 10% lavender essential oil aromatherapy 3 drops by using tissue media, then inhaled fragrance for 5 minutes at 10 cm distance. After 30 minutes of aromatherapy, patients assessed the scale of the pain. Aromatherapy is given only once at 24 hours post-SC. The results showed that the scale of pain post SC before giving aromatherapy in the control group was 3.82 while in the treatment group, it was 3.62. After giving aromatherapy it was found that the pain scale in the treatment group was 2.53, whereas in the control group 4.65. There was a significant difference of pain scale of 24 hours post SC between control group and treatment group. Lavender essential oil aromatherapy dominant influence on the reduction of pain scale of 24 hours post SC (p-value0.05) as much as five times greater than those mothers who did not use aromatherapy. Lavender Essential Oil Aromatherapy can be used as one of the solutions in treating pain after sectio caesarea surgery.

The prevalence of obesity in under-fives in Indonesia in 2013 reaches 19.1% and increases annually. In Surabaya, the prevalence of obesity in infants reaches 10.6%. Early obesity in toddlers due to several factors, among others, nutrition during pregnancy, when first providing MPASI, heredity, health, environment, perception, activity, more caloric intake. The aim of this research is to know the difference in perception between the caregiver who is given triple C parenting treatment and which is not given treatment. The type of this research is the analytical queasy experiment with the cross-sectional approach involving 60 respondents divided 30 as control respondent and 30 as respondent treatment. The sampling used purposive sampling with perception questionnaire instrument. Analysis using Mann Whitney. The results of the test obtained mean = 2.80 median = 3.00 with p = 0.001 (p

A preliminary study found 98% of puerperal women decreased sexual function. The aim of research to analyze the effect of the level of knowledge, type of delivery, parity, type of work on sexual function for women. This study used quantitative methods, observational research with cross sectional approach. Sampling techniques used random sampling. The sample size of 150 mother childbirth day 3 to 6 weeks postpartum in the region of BPM Istiqomah, S.Keb.Bid. This study to use questionnaire with multiple linear regression analysis model. There are influence of the level of knowledge on sexual function puerperal women (b = 0.62; CI = 95% = 0:15 to 0.93; p = 0.001). There is the influence of confinement on sexual function puerperal women (b = 1:09; CI = 95% = 0:22 to 1.95; p = 0.014). There parity effect on sexual function puerperal women (b = -1.15; CI = 95% = - 1.96 to -3.39; p = 0.006) There is no effect of the type of work on sexual function in women postpartum (b = 0.62; CI = 95% = 0:03, until 1:21; p = 0.039). The variable that most strongly affect sexual function in primiparous postpartum mothers on day 5- 8 is the level of knowledge (b = 0.62; CI = 95% = 0:15 to 0.93; p = 0.001) and parity (b = -1.15; 95% CI = = - 1.96 to -3.39; p = 0.006). Conclusion: There is the influence of the level of knowledge, parity, type of delivery on sexual function nifasAda maternal parity effect on sexual function, but there was no effect of the type of work on sexual function in women postpartum and the variables that most strongly affect sexual function in primiparous postpartum mothers on day 5- 8 is the level of knowledge and parity.

Physical changes and psychology in pregnancy is one stressor in pregnancy. Preliminary studies showed that 98% of pregnant women experience anxiety third trimester. As a result of the pregnancy is maternal anxiety will experience periods of abnormal labor so as to improve maternal and infant mortality. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of perineal massage in primiparous mothers anxiety in the third trimester to the third trimester pregnant women in the BPS. Istiqomah, S.Keb.Bid. Methods: This research is pre-experimental design with a population statistical comparison group of pregnant women in the third trimester of BPS. Istiqomah. S.Keb.Bid premises sample of 20 pregnant women were divided into 10 groups of 10 samples of treated and control groups. Sampling nonprobality sample with quota sampling technique. The instrument of this study using a questionnaire anxiety. Results: Of the 10 treatment group gained 9 (90%) of the study subjects experienced a lower level of anxiety while the control group of 10 4 (40%) of research subjects experienced lower levels of anxiety and test results Mann - Whitney was obtained p = 0.005 (p < 0.05), which means there is perineal massage effect on the level of anxiety in the third trimester pregnant women. Conclusion: There is the effect of perineal massage on the level of anxiety in the third trimester pregnant women with p = 0.005

Lignocellulosic biomass is a rich agricultural waste containing cellulose and hemicellulose. Bagasse (bagasse) is one of the waste biomass containing cellulose and hemicellulose approximately 47.7% which can be used to produce bioethanol. Enzymatic process is able to hydrolysis the polysaccharide compound into its constituent, sugars monomer compound. An enzymatic hydrolysis process converts cellulose to glucose by using cellulase enzymes. Some microorganisms producing the enzyme cellulase are Trichoderma viride and Aspergillus niger. The purpose of this research is to find out comparison of both these microorganism as a catalyst in the enzymatic hydrolysis process that produces the highest glucose levels and hydrolysis time. Hydrolysis process is done by varying the ratio between Tricoderma viride and Aspergillus niger of 1: 0; 0: 1; 0.5: 1 and 1: 0.5 and time sampling 24, 48, 72, 96, 120. The results showed glucose acquisition as much as 360 mg/L with hidrolysis process by hotplate stirer and 660 mg/L with process by waterbath shaker at composition ratio of Trichoderma viride: Aspergillus niger 1: 0.5 and the hydrolysis time is 96 hours.