Search

This study aimed to describe the worksheet's appearance and analyze the worksheet's validation test result based on POE (Predict, Observe, Explain). This research's objectives were to describe the development of a worksheet used in creating indicator papers from Aerva sanguinolenta plants and analyze the feasibility test result on its format. The stages of developing worksheets consist of preparation (define) the stage by analyzing research literature on indicator papers from Aerva sanguinolenta , planning stage by designing laboratory activities in worksheets, and development stage by conducting trials on worksheet products. The worksheet's feasibility was then tested. The results were validated with the average r- count value from the validators of 0.92, the average feasibility value percentage of 92%, the average r- count value from the students of 0.93, and the average feasibility value percentage of 93%. Therefore, the worksheet can be used as a learning aid for students in conducting experiments.

Many Indonesian spelling errors occur in research papers published to the public, closely related to academics in all institutions such as research institutions, government, schools, and universities. The spelling errors usually writing punctuation, writing letters, writing words, writing words originating from foreign or regional languages (uptake words), using affixed words, and writing ineffective sentences. The mistakes made by the academics then become a cycle in the academic environment. They usually provide guidance for writing an undergraduate thesis, thesis, dissertations to students, or the other forms of documents and scientific papers. Therefore, the research proposed the application to facilitate all authors of scientific papers in producing quality scientific works based on the General Guidelines for Indonesian Spelling published by the Agency for Development and Language Development. The application is named KEBI 1.0 Checker (Indonesian Spelling Error 1.0 Checker), a web-based application with a built-in algorithm to detect and correct Indonesian Spelling in scientific papers. The experiment result shows that the application has given the best accuracy performance to correct the non-standard words, and typographical errors reached 100% and 55,52%, respectively. The application also has been detected 209 meaningless words. The application processing time is relatively low, the average time needed to correct non-standard words is 0.016 seconds, and typo words are 14.58 seconds. KEBI 1.0 Checker is helpful for the end-user in academics but needs to improve the vocabulary of the large corpus in various fields of science for correcting typo words.

Commercial Paper (CP) is one of the types of securities that can be used as a source of corporate financing, in addition Other financing sources. CP issuance process and trade refers to the Decision of the Board of Directors of Bank Indonesia Number 28/32 / KEP / DIR and Bank Indonesia Circular Letter No.28 / 49 / UPG Parties involved in the issuance of CP include banks, both as a regulator of publishing, publishing agents and agents pembayan provisions of this circular letter was not in line with the provisions of Commercial code about the same thing, which considers all the signatures contained in securities is a debtor, and therefore partly responsible for the payment of the securities in question. Keywords: Commercial Paper, Bank Responsibility, Corporate Funding word

This paper presents a low-cost and disposable paper based microfluidic analysis system for point-of-care diagnostics. Detection is achieved by using a colorimetric or visual indicator. Immobilized specific reagent or enzymes designed for the parameter under consideration act as capture molecules on the surface of the detection zone. The sensor is integrated into a microfluidic system made of paper (cellulose). An additional component of the analysis system is a capillary unit which is used to introduce the analyte to the detection zone. For this purpose well- defined, millimeter-sized channel, comprising hydrophobic polymer bounded onto hydrophilic paper was created. Then the detection zone was coated with a sensitive reagent layer as a sensor region. The paper based microfluidics also called lab on paper, has been fabricated using screen printing technology as the basis for low-cost, disposable, portable and technically simple fabrication for mass production. Microfluidics in paper make it feasible to run single, dual or even multiple clinical analyses on one strip of paper while still using only small volumes of a single sample. The capability of lab on paper for detection of importance clinical analyte protein in urine, saliva and blood samples has been demonstrate successfully. Lab on paper as a diagnostic system is small, disposable, and easy to use and requires no external equipment, reagents, or power sources. This kind of diagnostic system is attractive for use in developing countries, in the field, or as a low-cost alternative to more-advanced technologies already used in clinical diagnostics. Keywords: Lab-on-a-paper, Point-of-care, Visual detection, Clinical diagnostic, Disposable sensor

Rabies is a zoonotic disease. Rabies protection level detection was performed using antibody titration. Blood sampling activities in the field require special handling to avoid blood lysis, the sample delivery requires a cold chain with a stable temperature. Alternative method forwhole blood sample delivery using filter paper were carried out on 48 samples from susceptible animals (dogs and cats) transpored through the Soekarno Hatta Agricultural Quarantine Center. This study was designed to investigate the feasibility of filter paper sampling of blood at temperature of 26 °C to detect of rabies antibodies using indirect method of ELISA. The results of statistical analysis of Randomized Block Design and Tukey's test showed that the antibody titres of whole blood extracted from filter paper diluted in the PBS T 100 μl were equivalent to antibody titres of serum. Assesment of filter paper capability has sensitivity and specificity as much as 96% and 76%, positive predictive value of 67%, negative predictive value of 94% and reliability level of filter paper were 0.5 is moderate category. This indicates that the filter paper can be used as an alternative method of blood transport medium for rabies ELISA test.

Sebuah karya tulis ilmiah yang berisi karya inovatif dalam proses pembelajaran sangat diperlukan oleh guru-guru sebagai syarat kenaikan pangkat dalam pengembangan profesi mereka, termasuk guru-guru SMA/sederajat di Kabupaten Bintan. Namun, pada umumnya mereka mengalami kendala dalam membuat karya tulis ilmiah disebabkan kesulitan dalam mencari sumber referensi yang relevan dengan topik penelitian, keterbatasan pengetahuan dalam TIK, dan kesulitan dalam mengolah kalimat agar tidak terdeteksi sebagai kegiatan plagiasi. Tujuan kegiatan ini agar para guru SMA/sederajat di Kabupaten Bintan dapat membuat karya tulis ilmiah yang sesuai kaedah penulisan yang baik dan bebas plagiasi dengan bantuan manajemen referensi Mendeley. Pelaksanaan kegiatan ini dalam bentuk workshop/pelatihan dengan metode ceramah, diskusi, tanya jawab, dan projek. Kegiatan dilakukan selama dua hari dalam bentuk workshop dan dua hari dalam bentuk tugas mandiri. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini dianggap berhasil karena sebesar 80% peserta mengalami peningkatan pengetahuan tentang manajemen referensi Mendeley dan mampu mengaplikasikannya ke dalam bentuk karya tulis ilmiah yang bebas plagiasiKata Kunci: GMP; Terasi Tutok, Standarisasi; Kuala Pusing Kapal.Development of Mendeley Reference Assisted Scientific Writing Ability Management for High Schools Teachers in BintanAbstractA scientific paper containing innovative work in the learning process is very much needed by teachers as a condition of promotion in their professional development, including high school / equivalent teachers in the Bintan Regency. However, in general, they experience difficulties in making scientific papers due to difficulties in finding reference sources that are relevant to the research topic, limited knowledge in ICT, and difficulty in processing sentences so as not to be detected as plagiarism activities. The purpose of this activity is for high school / equivalent teachers in Bintan Regency to be able to make scientific papers in accordance with good writing methods and to be free of plagiarism with the help of Mendeley's reference management. The implementation of this activity is in the form of workshops/training using lecture, discussion, question and answer, and project methods. The activity was carried out for two days in the form of a workshop and two days in the form of an independent assignment. This community service activity was considered successful because 80% of the participants experienced an increase in knowledge about Mendeley's reference management and were able to apply it in the form of plagiarism-free scientific papers.

Organic waste has high COD and BOD content, so it is dangerous if disposed of directly into the environment. Organic waste processing, such as waste from livestock manure and liquid tofu waste, requires a process that can reduce COD and BOD levels as well as produce valuable products. Anaerobic digestion method is the proper process to convert complex compounds in waste into simpler compounds with methanogenic bacteria into a renewable energy product, namely biogas. On the other hand, the anaerobic digestion process can reduce COD and BOD levels in the biogas formation process. This study uses raw materials such as cow manure and chicken manure, and liquid tofu waste. The variables that produced the largest biogas were those with a ratio of 70% cow dung, 15% chicken manure, and 15% tofu liquid waste with a total of 3,251.5 mL. Then, the COD and BOD levels decreased significantly with more than 98% COD removal, and more than 95% BOD removal in all variables at the end of the anaerobic digestion process.

Indonesia is a large rice producing country where from these activities it produces waste in the form of rice husk. Rice husk cannot be degraded by itself due to the lignin content contained in the rice husk. Therefore, treatment is carried out to destroy the lignin content and use it as alternative energy in the form of biogas. The study was conducted at a laboratory scale at room temperature, preliminary treatment using 3% NaOH under the SSAD conditions of 27.5% TS and then biogas production was measured once every two days for 90 days. Furthermore, the results of biogas production were observed between biogas with NaOH and without NaOH and carried out a study of the kinetics. The result is that biogas production with NaOH is higher, reaching 59.2 mL/grTS whereas without NaOH at 14.7 mL/grTS. The results of kinetic studies using mathematical modeling through the Gompertz equation, the variable with NaOH is known to have a maximum biogas production of 63.9 mL/grTS, a daily biogas production rate of 0.97 mL/grTS.day and the initial formation of biogas significantly on the 8th day.

This study aims to determine the ability of compilation of bentonite and activated carbon made from coal as adsorbents for adsorption of the parameters of the rubber industry wastewater. The test results found that the levels of BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) 805 ppm, COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) 1415 ppm, Ammonia 12.5 ppm, TSS 340 ppm, pH 6.6. The process of activation of bentonite using HCL 0.1 M. then stirred for 1 hour at a speed of 200rpm then filtered the resulting residue is heated to a temperature of 110oC for 3 hours. Activation of activated carbon is carried out using 0.2 M H3PO4 and then soaked for 24 hours, then washed with distilled water until the pH approaches neutral, dried in an oven at 150oC. The best contact time for bentonite and activated carbon compilation from coal is 0.1 gram (1: 1). With 250 ml of rubber industry, liquid waste is 60 minutes with a BOD absorption efficiency of 99.75% and COD of 98.72%. The best compilation of bentonite and activated carbon from coal in the adsorption of BOD & COD is in the compilation ratio (1: 1) with an efficiency of 99.75% BOD absorption and 98.72% COD.

Fossil fuels are a non-renewable energy source and their existence will be depleted. An alternative is needed that can reduce fossil fuels by using biomass. Biomass waste in the form of bagasse and coconut shell can be used as an alternative fuel in the form of biobriquette. This study aims to analyze the quality value of briquettes from the proximate test of the composition of bagasse and coconut shell produced with briquette quality standards that refer to SNI 01-6235-2000 about wood charcoal briquettes. The variables in this study consisted of five variables. The variables in this study were mass ratio coconut shells to bagasse were 90%: 10%, 80%: 20%, 70%; 30%, 60%: 40% and 50%: 50% respectively. The results of the test of water content, ash content, and volatile matter of the best quality briquettes of five variables were 90% coconut shell and 10% bagasse.

Bioethanol is ethanol derived from plants that contain cellulose such as cassava, corn and sugar cane. The use of bioethanol aims to overcome the scarcity of fuel and reduce the use of fossil oil ingredients in Indonesia. The introduction of alternative energy is optimized by mixing fossil fuels with bioethanol. Therefore, the use of bioethanol as a renewable fuel is very good if because pure bioethanol has a high octane value of 118. Besides, bioethanol is also able to reduce the amount of carbon monoxide (CO) emissions, decrease Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) and hydrocarbon emissions compared to ordinary gasoline fuel. In this research, a mixture of Pertamax and Bioethanol with a mixture of variations, among others: pure Pertamax (E0), Pertamax mixture and bioethanol 5% (E5), bioethanol 10% (E10), and bioethanol 15% (E15). The fuel testing was carried out at the Environmental Service Laboratory using a 4-stroke Yamaha motorcycle brand. Mixing bioethanol as a fuel can reduce exhaust emissions from the combustion of motorcycle fuel 4 steps in all tests. The best test results obtained on the composition of the E10 fuel mixture with CO levels of 2.06%, CO2 levels of 6.96% and HC of 75 ppm. Keywords : Bioethanol, Gas Emissions, Hydrocarbons, Carbon Monoxide, Pertamax

Current issues of energy sector in Indonesia can be summarized as depletion of fossil energy reserves which is dominated by fuel oil and coal. Oil production continues to decline and the increase in oil fuels demand lead to increase imports of crude oil and oil fuels. To use lignocellulosic biomass waste has become a major alternative to replace fossil fuels and chemical feedstocks production. In 2015, total rice production in South Kalimantan reached 2,140,276 ton and rice straws were abundant waste which could be utilized as raw material for bioethanol production. Pretreatment process of lignocellulose is a crucial step to remove lignin because of the complex chemical cross-linking between chemical components. Delignification of lignin can increase the accessibility and digestibility of enzymatic, and help to promote enzymatic hydrolysis. Nowadays, pretreatment process with green chemistry method is continuesly developed by researcher to reduce the production costs and thus avoid adverse effects on human and the environment. This article disscussed about green methods for pretreatment of lignocellulosic material using deep eutectic solvent (DES) to increase second-generation bioethanol production in South Kalimantan.

The second generation of bioethanol derived from various cellulosic biomass materials is one of the latest renewable energy as the alternative of fossil fuel. The cellulosic waste based wood and non-wood materials are the most abundant natural resource on the earth, renewable, and inexpensive. Currently, second generation bioethanol development is still not optimally done due to various obstacles, especially the pretreatment process to eliminate lignin, influencing the conversion process of cellulose into reducing sugar. Hydrothermal method is one of lignocellulose pretreatments, which is widely developed because this method is relatively cheap and environmentally friendly with the utilization of water-based solvent. Hydrothermal methods performed at high temperature and pressure in a relatively short time are able to deconstruct the lignocellulose structure that enables cellulase enzymes to access cellulose for hydrolysis. This study discussed about the development of hydrothermal method for lignocellulose pretreatment process to increase production of second-generation bioethanol. Some aspects studied in this research were structural change, chemical composition, lignocellulosic crystallinity before and after hydrothermal processes, and hydrothermal effect on the production of reducing sugars. Hydrothermal method could be used and developed as an efficient and cheap method as the first treatment of lignocellulose waste in attempt to increase the production of bioethanol.

Recently biodiesel production is produced by large industries. In order to be produced by small industries, the biodiesel production process requires good design which will affect the cost and yield of production. This research aims to make a batch system biodiesel reactor design and find out what materials are used in order to produce small-scale industrial biodiesel. This research is expected to provide small-scale industrial biodiesel production opportunities and the industry able to produce fuel independently. The batch system biodiesel reactor that has been designed production capacity of 144 liters each day. It has the following specifications: consists of 2 volume tubes each of which 38.2 liters with stainless steel material and 2 volume tubes of 38.2 liters each with plastic material HDPE motor power is 260 Kw, shaft diameter 20 mm, pulley length 134 cm using type A, the stirring process uses bevel gear, and the type of gear used is cold dipped steel and S45C steel material. Keywords: design reactor, biodiesel, batch system, small-scale industry

Energi memiliki peranan penting dalam proses pembangunan yang pada akhirnya untuk mencapai tujuan sosial, ekonomi dan lingkungan untuk serta merupakan pendukung bagi kegiatan ekonomi nasional. Sumber energi terbarukan yang berasal dari pemanfaatan biogas limbah cair kelapa sawit dapat menghasilkan energi listrik yang saat ini banyak bergantung pada generator diesel dengan biaya yang mahal.Limbah cair kelapa sawit (Palm Oil Mill Effluent atau POME) adalah limbah cair yang berminyak dan tidak beracun, berasal dari proses pengolahan minyak kelapa sawit, namun limbah cair tersebut dapat menyebabkan bencana lingkungan apabila tidak dimanfaatkan dan dibuang di kolam terbuka karena akan melepaskan sejumlah besar gas metana dan gas berbahaya lainnya ke udara yang menyebabkan terjadinya emisi gas rumah kaca. Tingginya kandungan Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) sebesar 50.000-70.000 mg/l dalam limbah cair kelapa sawit memberikan potensi untuk dapat di konversi menjadi listrik dengan menangkap biogas (gas metana) yang dihasilkan melalui serangkaian tahapan proses pemurnian. Di Kabupaten Kotawaringin Timur terdapat 36 Pabrik Pengolahan Kelapa Sawit yang total kapasitas pabriknya adalah sebesar 2.115 TBS/jam, menghasilkan limbah cair sebesar 1.269 ton limbah cari/jam dan mampu menghasilkan 42.300 m3 biogas. Kata kunci : Renewable Energy, Plam Oil Mill Effluent, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Biogass, Methane. ABSTRACT Energy has an important role in the development process and ultimately to achieve the objectives of social, economic and environment for as well as an environmental support for national economic activity. Renewable energy source derived from wastewater biogas utilization of oil palm can produce electrical energy which is currently heavily dependent on diesel generators at a cost that mahal.Limbah liquid palm oil (Palm Oil Mill Effluent, or POME) is the wastewater that is greasy and non-toxic, derived from the processing of palm oil, but the liquid waste could cause environmental disaster if not used and disposed of in open ponds because it will release large amounts of methane and other harmful gases into the air that cause greenhouse gas emissions. The high content of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) of 50000-70000 mg / l in the liquid waste palm oil provides the potential to be converted into electricity by capturing the biogas (methane gas) produced through a series of stages of the purification process. In East Kotawaringin there are 36 palm oil processing factory that total factory capacity is of 2,115 TBS / hour, producing 1,269 tons of liquid waste wastewater / h and is capable of producing 42,300 m3 of biogas. Keywords : Renewable Energy, Plam Oil Mill Effluent, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Biogass, Methane Cara sitasi : Alkusma, Y.M., Hermawan, dan Hadiyanto. (2016). Pengembangan Potensi Energi Alternatif dengan Pemanfaatan Limbah Cair Kelapa Sawit sebagai Sumber Energi Baru Terbarukan di Kabupaten Kotawaringin Timur. Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan,14(2),96-102, doi:10.14710/jil.14.2.96-102

The existence of cooking oil which is mixed with dangerous material is very difficult to be detected by human olfactory system yet can be detected by sophisticated equipment. However, the equipment is very expensive and require an expert to operate it. Static system of electronic nose based on unselected gas sensor array has been built for classifying pure cooking oil’s odour and mixed cooking oil’s odour. Sensor array consist of sensor MQ-9, TGS-2600, MQ-2, TGS-2620, and TGS-822 along with a heat exchanger system that can reduce the temperature of sample’s odour. The sample chamber and sensor chamber are made from stainless steel with cylinder shape. The system tested by boiling the sample consist of each pure cooking oil form both palm and coconut oil with its mixture such as used lubricant, candle, and diesel fuel up to 300 0 C to realese its odour. After the odour has been detected by electronic nose the next step is to classifying the data with PCA method. The result show that the response of sensor’s output is stable and the output of score plot from each pure cooking oil’s data from both palm and coconut oil can be well-classified from the mixed cooking oil.