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The aim of the present analyses is to prove that ‘special language’ does not exist as an independent variety (of German), but instead texts of the most diverse kinds can be characterized by some specialized linguistic expressions and means. Two books are analyzed, which both deal with the construction of Gothic cathedrals, namely a children’s book about the construction of the fictitious cathedral of Chutreaux and a large illustrated book published on the occasion of the 1000th anniversary of Strasbourg Cathedral and the completion of the restoration work. Both books use a narrative approach, they tell in chronological order how the respective church was built. Within the narrative parts, both books also contain descriptive passages in order to explain certain facts and/or components. Both books use the specialized architectural terminology, and the cooperation of language and image plays an essential role in both of them. The examination of the two books does not start from abstract concepts or theories, it does not concern itself whether ‘special language’ can be defined in terms of speech act theory and referential semantics. The analysis chooses the two books because of the common field of knowledge (= Fach) and the illocution ‘information about a field of knowledge’. In a discursive analysis, i.e. in an analysis that goes along the text, the relevant phenomena are found and analyzed in connection with the description of the context. This inductive approach makes it possible to discover new phenomena and new functions.

„Wir werden auf Dauer den regionalen Bedarf sektorenbezogen nicht parallel erfassen und planen können.” „Regionalen Partnern vor Ort wird zu wenig Spielraum für ihr Handeln ermöglicht.” „Wir werden ganz neue Arbeitsformen und Arbeitsabläufe gemeinsam etablieren müssen.” Diese drei Zitate aus dem Titelinterview mit Dr. Sabine Richard, Geschäftsführerin Versorgung des AOK-Bundesverbandes, zeigen, worauf es ihr ankommt: Möglichst noch Einfluss zu nehmen auf das laufende parlamentarische Verfahren des Gesundheitsversorgungsstärkungsgesetzes (GSVG), um „mehr Möglichkeiten für die Gestaltung der Gesundheitsversorgung in den Regionen zu bekommen, nicht weniger.”

Shareholder loans are often used as an alternative to traditional third-party loans or equity especially for private companies in various jurisdictions, including South Africa, to finance their business activities. These loans provide companies with greater flexibility to meet their financing needs, i.e., there is no need to seek external financing while offering shareholders a potentially profitable investment opportunity. However, the legal nature of shareholder loans could pose complex legal questions and this form of loans may not necessarily be as straightforward as it first appears. This article explores the legal framework and practical considerations surrounding shareholder loans in South Africa in small private companies, with a focus on developments in case law and their implications for companies and shareholders. Amongst other issues, the application of the principle of arbitrium boni viri to the interpretation and enforcement of these agreements will be discussed. The article aims to provide a critical analysis of the legal questions associated with shareholder loans in South Africa.

Résumé : Les grandes théories linguistiques que sont la grammaire comparée, la linguistique moderne, le structuralisme, le fonctionnalisme, le formalisme, la linguistique énonciative, la linguistique discursive, la pragmatique, ont fait l’objet d’une synthèse et d’une discussion dans cet article. En partant des travaux de Marie-Anne Paveau et Georges-Élia Sarfati, il a été question de présenter les théoriciens et les théories qui donnent de la lumière à la Linguistique. Cette discipline dont le développement s’est concrétisé par plusieurs apports conceptuels, est au cœur des sciences du langage en particulier et de la littérature en général. Il est donc important, pour l’étudiant en apprentissage des Lettres, de consolider ses bases heuristiques sur le parcours des idées en filigrane de l’analyse de la langue parlée ou écrite. Mots-clés : Synthèse, Discussion, Théorie, Linguistique, Littérature.

Für eine zukunftsorientierte Gestaltung sprachsensiblen Chemieunterrichts ist es notwendig, fachliche und sprachliche Bildung stets in Verknüpfung mit digitalitätsbezogenen Kompetenzen zu betrachten. So können didaktische Potenziale digitaler Medien und Tools ausgeschöpft sowie digitalitätsbezogene Sprachkompetenzen seitens der Schüler*innen gefördert werden. In diesem Beitrag wird ein Seminarexkurs vorgestellt, der im Vorbereitungs- bzw. Begleitseminar zum Praxissemester in der Chemiedidaktik an der Bergischen Universität Wuppertal durchgeführt wurde. Die von Studierenden im Rahmen des Seminars geplanten sprachsensiblen Unterrichtsentwürfe beziehen digitale Medien oder Tools ein und wurden im Praxissemester umgesetzt. Der Beitrag erläutert die drei Seminarsitzungen und stellt neben den jeweiligen Foliensätzen auch Leitfragen für die sprachsensible Unterrichtsplanung als Online-Supplements zur Verfügung. Während des Seminarexkurses gesammelte Beobachtungen und Erfahrungen werden am Ende des Beitrags dargelegt und reflektiert.

A 2010 survey of more than 10 000 students from 18 countries showed that Central Asia was virtually absent from their representations of the world. In order to check whether this was also the case in the representations of students from this region, this survey was replicated in Kazakhstan, while nevertheless making the assumption that a Central Asian region would be largely represented by the students. While the results confirm important aspects of the theory of social representations of space, they also provide some original insights, showing in particular the very large place given to States, and in particular the Kazakh State, in the breakdown of the World. The prominence of States in Kazakh students' representations of the World can be analysed as a sign of the appropriation of the nation-state model by Kazakh students, some thirty years after the country's independence.

Abstract Background Bovine lactoferrin (Lf) is an iron absorbing whey protein with antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal activity. Lactoferrin is economically valuable and has an extremely variable concentration in milk, partly driven by environmental influences such as milking frequency, involution, or mastitis. A significant genetic influence has also been previously observed to regulate lactoferrin content in milk. Here, we conducted genetic mapping of lactoferrin protein concentration in conjunction with RNA-seq, ChIP-seq, and ATAC-seq data to pinpoint candidate causative variants that regulate lactoferrin concentrations in milk. Results We identified a highly-significant lactoferrin protein quantitative trait locus (pQTL), as well as a cis lactotransferrin (LTF) expression QTL (cis-eQTL) mapping to the LTF locus. Using ChIP-seq and ATAC-seq datasets representing lactating mammary tissue samples, we also report a number of regions where the openness of chromatin is under genetic influence. Several of these also show highly significant QTL with genetic signatures similar to those highlighted through pQTL and eQTL analysis. By performing correlation analysis between these QTL, we revealed an ATAC-seq peak in the putative promotor region of LTF, that highlights a set of 115 high-frequency variants that are potentially responsible for these effects. One of the 115 variants (rs110000337), which maps within the ATAC-seq peak, was predicted to alter binding sites of transcription factors known to be involved in lactation-related pathways. Conclusions Here, we report a regulatory haplotype of 115 variants with conspicuously large impacts on milk lactoferrin concentration. These findings could enable the selection of animals for high-producing specialist herds.

Abstract Background Growth rate is an important component of feed conversion efficiency in cattle and varies across the different stages of the finishing period. The metabolic effect of the rumen microbiome is essential for cattle growth, and investigating the genomic and microbial factors that underlie this temporal variation can help maximize feed conversion efficiency at each growth stage. Results By analysing longitudinal body weights during the finishing period and genomic and metagenomic data from 359 beef cattle, our study demonstrates that the influence of the host genome on the functional rumen microbiome contributes to the temporal variation in average daily gain (ADG) in different months (ADG1, ADG2, ADG3, ADG4). Five hundred and thirty-three additive log-ratio transformed microbial genes (alr-MG) had non-zero genomic correlations (rg) with at least one ADG-trait (ranging from |0.21| to |0.42|). Only a few alr-MG correlated with more than one ADG-trait, which suggests that a differential host-microbiome determinism underlies ADG at different stages. These alr-MG were involved in ribosomal biosynthesis, energy processes, sulphur and aminoacid metabolism and transport, or lipopolysaccharide signalling, among others. We selected two alternative subsets of 32 alr-MG that had a non-uniform or a uniform rg sign with all the ADG-traits, regardless of the rg magnitude, and used them to develop a microbiome-driven breeding strategy based on alr-MG only, or combined with ADG-traits, which was aimed at shaping the rumen microbiome towards increased ADG at all finishing stages. Combining alr-MG information with ADG records increased prediction accuracy of genomic estimated breeding values (GEBV) by 11 to 22% relative to the direct breeding strategy (using ADG-traits only), whereas using microbiome information, only, achieved lower accuracies (from 7 to 41%). Predicted selection responses varied consistently with accuracies. Restricting alr-MG based on their rg sign (uniform subset) did not yield a gain in the predicted response compared to the non-uniform subset, which is explained by the absence of alr-MG showing non-zero rg at least with more than one of the ADG-traits. Conclusions Our work sheds light on the role of the microbial metabolism in the growth trajectory of beef cattle at the genomic level and provides insights into the potential benefits of using microbiome information in future genomic breeding programs to accurately estimate GEBV and increase ADG at each finishing stage in beef cattle.

Background: Monkeypox, a re-emerging zoonotic disease caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV), poses a public health challenge in Nigeria. To effectively combat this disease, it is essential to assess the knowledge of healthcare workers (HCWs) in Nigeria concerning monkeypox outbreak.Methods: A cross-sectional web-based survey with 609 healthcare workers in Nigeria was conducted using a structured questionnaire to assess their knowledge of monkeypox. Data were coded and analyzed with Microsoft Excel and Python in Anaconda Jupyter Notebook.Results: The majority of respondents (n=318, 52.2%) had good knowledge of MPXV but also had knowledge gaps regarding certain symptoms and disease similarities. Interestingly, respondents were completely unaware of the possibility of sexual transmission of the disease. However, they recognized the possible significant impact of monkeypox on the social and economic lifestyle of Nigerians (n=582, 95.6%, R=21.181, 95% CI: 14.450–31.051). Respondents had mixed knowledge regarding the use of smallpox vaccines and antiviral agents for monkeypox prevention and treatment. Furthermore, a significant proportion (n=526, 86.4%, adjOR=0.159, 95% CI: 0.126–0.201) attributed the outbreak to bioterrorism. The logistic regression highlighted a strong influence of academic qualification, type of healthcare provider, years of experience, and geopolitical zone of practice, on monkeypox knowledge in Nigeria.Conclusion: The study highlights the importance of continuous education for healthcare professionals in Nigeria to improve monkeypox outbreak management. Despite their moderate performance, there are knowledge gaps in critical areas among HCWs, necessitating further research to explore reasons and influencing factors for knowledge levels.

Often located in places difficult to access – caves, rock shelters, and deserts – prehistoric paintings and engravings were first generally known to the wider public in the 1930s through reproductions presented in publications and exhibitions in major European and American cities. The German anthropologist Leo Frobenius (1873–1938) played a decisive role in this diffusion by creating the world’s largest collection of prehistoric art facsimiles: about 5,000 so-called “original” copies faithfully reproducing the size, shapes, and colors of the paintings. The copies were made throughout the world primarily by professionally trained young women artists who accompanied Frobenius on his expeditions. These watercolors brought these rarely seen and distant images into the larger world. In numerous exhibitions, rock art – converted into two dimensions, in rectangular form, and hangable on a wall – was presented to the public like recognized masterpieces. This article explores the history of the collection and today’s exhibition concepts.

The 2022 governorship election in Osun State is one of the most discussed political developments in Nigeria and has only received passing coverage in national dailies. In this study, we explored the rhetorical and ideological strategies in selected political jingles used during the exercise. The investigation was based on the eclectic consideration of Aristotle’s rhetoric genres, Van Dijk's ideological structures and speech act theory. The descriptive qualitative study examined six campaign jingles broadcast on Rave 91.7 FM, including those of the All Progressive Congress (APC), the People's Democratic Party (PDP), and the Accord Party. The jingles were evaluated through pragmatic and critical discourse analysis lenses. The study revealed how rhetorical techniques such as negative other-representation of political opponents, foregrounding achievements through evidentiality, reliance on political ethos, allusion and appeal to citizens' plights, and appeal to voters' logic and reason were used in the examined jingles. It highlighted that the rhetorical categories were quoted in epideictic, deliberative and forensic persuasive frames, and were indexed by illocutionary acts of warning, advising, pleading, promising, assuring, disclaiming, rejecting, boasting, and praising. Overall, lexicalisation, comparison, actor description, inference, and disclaimer were employed to elevate the status of the in-group while diminishing the status of contending political parties, as the parties involved locked horns over the control of the state

ABSTRACT: The central theme in Klara and the Sun is that of Artificial Intelligence. To study it, Julia Kristeva’s semantalysis was useful. The theorist proposes not to be limited to purely textual phenomena so as to be interested in the decryption of analytical categories. Thus, Kazuo Ishiguro under the pivots of pheno-text and geno-text conceptualized his novel as a maieutic of soul of artificial Human. RÉSUMÉ : Le thème central dans Klara et le Soleil est celui de l’Intelligence Artificielle. Pour en faire l’étude, la sémanalyse de Julia Kristeva a été utile. La théoricienne propose de ne pas se limiter aux phénomènes purement textuels de sorte à s’intéresser au plus haut point au décryptage des catégories analytiques. Ainsi, Kazuo Ishiguro sous les pivots du phéno-texte et du géno-texte a conceptualisé son roman comme une maïeutique de l’âme de l’Homme artificiel.

Résumé: Le phénomène de la traite des Noirs a laissé une histoire douloureuse et inoubliable dans la pensée des Noirs. Les moralistes, les religieux, les philosophes, les humanistes, les artistes, les écrivains, etc., ne cessent d’en parler dans le monde contemporain, malgré le nombre d’années écoulées (Huberman, G. 2023). Cet article examine l’œuvre littéraire d’Aimé Césaire et met en exergue l’effort qu’a fourni ce dernier pour conserver le phénomène de la traite des Noirs à la mémoire de la génération du monde noir. Pour déclencher nos débats, nous nous sommes posé des questions suivantes : comment Aimé Césaire a-t-il documenté l’histoire de l’Homme noir dans ses ouvrages littéraires et quels sont les avantages que les Noirs peuvent tirés de cette documentation dans le but de revendiquer contre la discrimination raciale ? En passant par la méthode qualitative, nous nous sommes servis de cinq ouvrages d’Aimé Césaire comme sources secondaires et la méthode d’échantillonnage arbitraire où les analyses ont été facilitées par les théories des races, de la civilisation de l’universelle et de l’ethnostylistique. Les résultats de nos analyses ont montré que Césaire par sa justesse et par sa documentation a donné des illustrations qui décrivent le phénomène de la traite des Noirs que l’on peut lire dans ses écrits tels que : Et les Chiens se taisaient, La Tragédie du Roi Christophe, Une Saison au Congo, Une Tempête et Cahier d’un retour au pays natal et qui sont fondées sur le réel. A la lecture de ces ouvrages, on est ému aux larmes par la souffrance des nègres et par la sympathie qu’éprouve Césaire à travers ses expressions stylistiques qui servent de témoignages concrets et qui font appel à un coup de clairon révolutionnaire pour la prise de conscience de la présente et future génération du monde noir contre la discrimination raciale. Mots-clés : traite des Noirs, conserver l’histoire, prise de conscience de la présente et future génération du monde noir contre la discrimination raciale.

Abstract Background Low-pass whole-genome sequencing and imputation offer significant cost savings, enabling substantial increases in sample size and statistical power. This approach is particularly promising in livestock breeding, providing an affordable means of screening individuals for deleterious alleles or calculating genomic breeding values. Consequently, it may also be of value in companion animal genomics to support pedigree breeding. We sought to evaluate in dogs the impact of low coverage sequencing and reference-guided imputation on genotype concordance and association analyses. Results DNA isolated from saliva of 30 Labrador retrievers was sequenced at low (0.9X and 3.8X) and high (43.5X) coverage, and down-sampled from 43.5X to 9.6X and 17.4X. Genotype imputation was performed using a diverse reference panel (1021 dogs), and two subsets of the former panel (256 dogs each) where one had an excess of Labrador retrievers relative to other breeds. We observed little difference in imputed genotype concordance between reference panels. Association analyses for a locus acting as a disease proxy were performed using single-marker (GEMMA) and haplotype-based (XP-EHH) tests. GEMMA results were highly correlated (r ≥ 0.97) between 43.5X and ≥ 3.8X depths of coverage, while for 0.9X the correlation was lower (r ≤ 0.8). XP-EHH results were less well correlated, with r ranging from 0.58 (0.9X) to 0.88 (17.4X). Across a random sample of 10,000 genomic regions averaging 17 kb in size, we observed a median of three haplotypes per dog across the sequencing depths, with 5% of the regions returning more than eight haplotypes. Inspection of one such region revealed genotype and phasing inconsistencies across sequencing depths. Conclusions We demonstrate that saliva-derived canine DNA is suitable for whole-genome sequencing, highlighting the feasibility of client-based sampling. Low-pass sequencing and imputation require caution as incorrect allele assignments result when the subject possesses alleles that are absent in the reference panel. Larger panels have the capacity for greater allelic diversity, which should reduce the potential for imputation error. Although low-pass sequencing can accurately impute allele dosage, we highlight issues with phasing accuracy that impact haplotype-based analyses. Consequently, if accurately phased genotypes are required for analyses, we advocate sequencing at high depth (> 20X).