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Copyright of Journal fuer Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Julius-Kühn-Archiv is the property of Julius Kuehn Institut and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this study was to test the adrenal gland mass (NNM) as a post-mortem indicator of chronic stress in pigs. This was addressed by the question whether husbandry systems that better meet the animals' needs for outdoor stimuli and rooting areas, or health status, lead to reduced NNM (less stress/negative emotions). 229 adrenal glands of pigs from three farms were collected at slaughter and possible influences of the husbandry systems and fattening batches on the NNM were estimated by a linear mixed model. Furthermore, the linear relationship between NNM and health indicators were investigated at the batch level by a correlation analysis. On the individual animal level, the influence of health status was analysed. The results show significant influences of farm (semipartial r2 = 0.14; 95%-CI = 0,06-0,22) and batch (semipartial r2 = 0.12; 95%-CI = 0.04-0.19). Pigs of the summer-batch of the organic farm had lower estimated NNM values with 2.15 (± 0.04) g than the animals of the other batches. In summer, the increased use of the outdoor arena seems to generate more space as well as occupation, which possibly reduced stress. Similarly, the NNM was positively correlated with the health indicators "tail posture" (r = 0.72) and "wounds" (r = 0.75). Husbandry system (farm) and stressful events during a batch thus influence the NNM. In addition, there is a correlation with the health indicators recorded in this study, but this was not confirmed at the individual animal level. The suitability of the NNM as an animal welfare indicator remains questionable, also for reasons of feasibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nachrichten aus der Chemie is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study "Characterization and authenticity testing of plant oils for cosmetics" examines the quality and purity of plant oils used in cosmetic products. 18 different oils were analyzed, including exotic oils such as pomegranate seed oil. The origin and quality of the oils were determined based on specific parameters. The results show that the composition of the oils is influenced by various factors such as the cultivation area and extraction method. The oils examined were obtained through different pressing methods. Jojoba oil was produced by cold pressing ground jojoba seeds with a screw press. Almond oil was obtained by cold pressing almond kernels with a stamp press. Evening primrose oil comes from China and was produced by cold pressing seeds from organic farming with a screw press. Olive oil comes from Spain and was obtained by cold pressing ripe stone fruits. Sea buckthorn pulp oil comes from northern Germany and was produced by centrifuging and filtering the fruit pulp of sea buckthorn berries. The seeds for oil pressing come from Mexico, Ghana, the European Union, and Chile. The oils differ in their fatty acid spectrum, tocopherol content, and sterol distribution. No sensory abnormalities were detected. The characteristics of each oil are described in detail. No signs of adulteration were found. The reliability and trustworthiness of raw material suppliers play an important role and should be regularly checked. The results provide a good overview of the authenticity of the oils examined. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Nachrichten aus der Chemie is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of NTM Zeitschrift für Geschichte der Wissenschaften, Technik und Medizin is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In den Jahren 2019 und 2020 wurden in Niedersachsen 5 Feldversuche sowie 4 Gefäßversuche durchgeführt, in denen die Wirkung von Fertigkomposten auf das Auflaufverhalten von Unkräutern untersucht wurde. Die Effekte waren in den Gefäß-Versuchen in beiden Versuchsjahren deutlich: Die zwei Kompostmaterialien (Biogut- und Grüngut-Kompost) konnten die Auflaufrate der Unkräuter um ca. 50 % reduzieren. In den Feldversuchen traten diese hemmenden Effekte nicht so stark auf, obwohl die Unterschiede statistisch signifikant waren. Für einen praktischen Nutzen im Anbau von Zuckerrüben erwiesen sich die Wirkungen im Freiland jedoch als zu schwach. Dennoch zeigen die Untersuchungen, dass mit der Ausbringung von Fertigkomposten ein Beitrag zum Integrierten Pflanzenschutz geleistet werden kann.

The final conference of the PPILOW project took place on June 11th and 12th, 2024 in Tervuren. The conference presented the main achievements of the project, which focuses on the welfare-friendly husbandry of poultry and pigs in organic farms. The participants discussed various topics, including self-assessment tools for animal welfare, strategies to prevent feather pecking in chickens, and the use of dual-purpose breeds. Strategies to improve the robustness, health, and resilience of the animals, as well as business models related to PPILOW practices, were also presented. The conference videos will soon be available on the PPILOW website. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Julius-Kühn-Archiv is the property of Julius Kuehn Institut and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Julius-Kühn-Archiv is the property of Julius Kuehn Institut and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Julius-Kühn-Archiv is the property of Julius Kuehn Institut and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Julius-Kühn-Archiv is the property of Julius Kuehn Institut and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Julius-Kühn-Archiv is the property of Julius Kuehn Institut and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Julius-Kühn-Archiv is the property of Julius Kuehn Institut and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In pasture-based dairy farming, daily lying times may be reduced compared with stall-based housing. The additional effort for grazing and the longer time requirements for feed dry matter intake can influence the lying time. In the present study it was examined whether the lying time of grazing dairy cows can be increased by giving additional concentrate (KF) and thus increasing the energy supply via supplementary feed at the beginning of grazing period. Furthermore, the effects of concentrate supplementation on the performance of the animals were investigated. The trial was conducted in 2020 immediately after the start of full grazing period and lasted from 24 May to 23 July (60 days). Within the 60-day trial period, the lying parameters were recorded on an individual basis during three survey periods of 14 days each (24.04.-07.05.; 16.05.-29.05; 10.06.-23.06.). Before the start of the trial, 22 dairy cows (16 Holstein Frisian and 6 Simmental) were divided homogeneously into the 2 experimental groups (KF1 and KF2). In group KF1, all animals received only a small amount of 1 kg fresh mass of concentrate supplemented to the pasture. In group KF2 a higher and milk yield-dependent concentrate supplementation was carried out: below 22 kg milk yield 1 kg fresh mass of concentrate was supplemented, from 22-24 kg milk yield 2 kg KF, from 24-26 kg milk 3 kg KF, from 26-28 kg milk 4 kg KF and above 28 kg milk yield 5 kg fresh mass of concentrate was supplemented. In addition to the pasture feed, the animals in both groups were given only the corresponding concentrate and a mineral supplement. The concentrate in both groups consisted of 35% maize, 60% barley and 5% oats. Both experimental groups were kept on pasture or in the stable (milking twice a day) in a common herd, the animals spent about 18.5 hours per day on the pasture areas. A rotational grazing system was implemented, the average pasture growth height was 8.5 (± 0.75) cm at entry and the residual growth height was 5.4 (± 0.57) cm, the grazing interval was between 15 and 18 days per paddock. The lying parameters were recorded with the HOBO Pendant G data logger at a measuring interval of 30 seconds (s), the experimental data were evaluated with a mixed model. Daily concentrate intake (KF1 0.77 and KF2 2.61 kg DM) and net energy intake (NEL) from concentrate (KF1 6.3 and KF2 21.5 MJ NEL, respectively) differed significantly between the experimental groups, during the course of the trial the group differences decreased due to the decrease in milk yield. The ECM- and the milk-yield and the content of the milk components fat, protein and lactose did not differ significantly between the KF groups, neither over the entire trial period nor in the three lying data collection periods. The energy corrected milk yield (ECM) decreased from survey period 1 (KF1: 26.1 kg ECM, KF2 27.1 kg) to 3 (KF1 18.2 and KF2 20.4 kg ECM). The calculated net energy intake from pasture tended to be lower in KF2 with 84.6 MJ NEL than in KF1 with 89.6 MJ NEL (P = 0.092), at the beginning of the experiment (survey period 1) the differences between KF1 (97. 0 MJ NEL) and KF2 (83.0 MJ NEL) were significant and the highest displacement rate in the energy intake from pasture by the supplement concentrate was observed. The animals of both experimental groups showed a decrease in live weight during the experimental period, whereby the animals in KF1 (-0.7 kg/day) numerically decreased more live weight than in KF2 (-0.5 kg). No significant experimental group differences were found in lying behaviour, neither in the daily lying time (Ø 9.1 hours per day) nor in the number of lying periods (Ø 8.0 per day), the lying period duration per lying period (Ø 71.5 minutes) and the daily distribution of the lying times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The history of the Colorado Potato Beetle (CPB) (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (SAY, 1824)) in Germany is an object lesson in the uncontrolled spread of a pest that, without regular control measures, would cause severe yield reductions in one of our most important food crops. Its lack of natural and effective enemies and its tremendous adaptability to pesticides make it a potent adversary that will continue to challenge future generations. Historical pest control of the CPB is traced from its appearance in 1936 to the present. In the past, the intensive and exclusive use of insecticides has always led to resistance to the active substances used. Preventive measures such as keeping a distance of 500m from the previous year's fields, avoiding potato overgrowth, pre-sprouting and using early varieties are not sufficient to control the Colorado Potato Beetle in the long term. New results in organic farming show the high efficacy of biological control agents of spinosad and neem. In the future, resistance properties of wild species (e.g. leptin glycoalkaloids) can be used within classical breeding methods to breed resistant potato varieties and thus contribute to an integrated pest management concept against Colorado Potato beetle. In gardens and on small fields, hand collection also remains an effective control measure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]