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Operando spectroscopy combines the in situ determination of material structure by spectroscopy/diffraction techniques with the measurement of material performance, which is conversion/selectivity in the field of heterogeneous catalysis. A central question in operando spectroscopy is whether the signatures visible by the characterization methods are responsible for catalyst performance. Individual analytical methods can provide useful information, but their combination (multi-technique approach) is essential to obtain a complete perspective on molecular reaction mechanisms. This approach must be coupled to experimental protocols and mathematical algorithms enabling the ability to disentangle the contribution of the active structure from the unresponsive one. Here, we report an account with examples from our own research activities in catalysis science.

In questo lavoro si presentano e analizzano due esperienze didattiche rivolte alle classi IV e V primaria, incentrate sull’interpretazione di dati e sulle loro rappresentazioni grafiche. Queste esperienze si inseriscono in un percorso più ampio che mira a costruire le basi per educare cittadini consapevoli, capaci di utilizzare strumenti scientifici per interpretare le informazioni a loro disposizione e di prendere, di conseguenza, decisioni fondate su basi solide. Si tratta di attività contestualizzate nella normale vita di classe dei bambini, che rendono i problemi di indagine fortemente motivanti. Mostreremo come nel contesto scelto l’interpretazione di dati consenta di avviare interessanti discussioni matematiche in cui gli studenti si confrontano, generano ipotesi esplicative e producono argomentazioni.

1. Sbaragli, S., & Demartini, S. (A cura di). (2021). Italmatica. Lingua e strutture dei testi scolastici di matematica. Edizioni Dedalo. 2. D’Amore, B. (2020). La matematica nell’opera di Dante Alighieri. Spunti biografici a scopo didattico. Pitagora. 3. Fandiño Pinilla, M. I. (2021). Le frazioni. Matematica, storia e didattica. Pitagora. 4. Ferrari, P. L. (2021). Educazione matematica, lingua, linguaggi. Costruire, condividere e comunicare matematica in classe. UTET Università. 5. Maroscia, P., Toffalori, C., Tortoriello, F. S., & Vincenzi, G. (2018). Parole, formule, emozioni. Tra matematica e letteratura. UTET Università. 6. Bohórquez Arenas, L. Á. (2020). Concepciones sobre la gestión del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje y sus cambios en estudiantes para profesor en ambientes de aprendizaje fundamentados en la resolución de problemas. DIE Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas. 7. Sbaragli, S., & De Carli, A. (2021). Matematici a fumetti. Dedalo. 8. Crivelli, L., Henauer, V., & Martelli Pischedda, A. (2021). In arte… Matematica! Collana Praticamente. DECS-SUPSI. 9. Arrigo, G., Giacobbe, M., & Maurizi, L. (2021). Geometria dynamica. Sapyent.

1. D’Amore, B., & Sbaragli, S. (2020). La matematica e la sua storia. Dal XVIII al XXI secolo. Bari: Edizioni Dedalo. 2. Maierù, L., & Florio, E. (2018). Le costruzioni geometriche. Un percorso storico-didattico tra i matematici arabi dei secc. IX-XIII. Parte prima. Roma: Aracne. 3. Maierù, L. (2020). Parlare di... matematica è possibile. Roma: Aracne. 4. Toffalori, C. (2019). L’equazione degli alef. Bologna: il Mulino. 5. Fandiño Pinilla, M. I., & D’Amore, B. (2019). Le relazioni fra area e perimetro dei poligoni. Alcune riflessioni matematiche, storiche e didattiche. Bologna: Pitagora. 6. Arrigo, G., Giacobbe, M., & Maurizi, L. (2019). I nostri amici numeri. Bologna: Sapyent. 7. Cerasoli, A. (2015). Tutti in festa con pi greco. Firenze: Editoriale Scienza. 8. Sbaragli, S., & De Carli, A. (2020-2021). Storie di matematici.

Mixed oxides derived from the perovskite structure by combination of A- and B-site elements and by partial substitution of oxygen provide an immense playground of physico-chemical properties. Here, we give an account of our own research conducted at the Paul Scherrer Institute on perovskite-type oxides and oxynitrides used in electrochemical, photo(electro)chemical and catalytic processes aimed at facing energy relevant issues.

Tanto la renta del tabaco como la Tesorería General son dos ámbitos de estudio muy bien trabajados por la historiografía reciente relativa al siglo XVIII español. La primera se constituye como ejemplo paradigmático para el análisis de la recaudación de rentas reales; la segunda resulta fundamental para explicar el modo de ejecución del gasto conjunto de la monarquía hispánica. Sin embargo, ambos espacios han quedado historiográficamente aislados en una dualidad referida a ingresos y gastos, sin conexión alguna entre ellos. El presente artículo pretende superar dicha separación para analizar cómo el producto de las rentas reales acaba siendo gestionado por la Tesorería General bajo un solo cargo y una sola data. Se estudia la ordenación administrativa y contable de ambos organismos, así como el procedimiento por el que los caudales del estanco general quedan a disposición de la Tesorería General.

1. Lolli, G. (2018). La matematica come narrazione. Raccontare la matematica. Bologna: Il Mulino. 2. D’Amore, B., & Sbaragli, S. (2018). La matematica e la sua storia. Dagli ultimi bagliori della Grecia antica alla fine del Medioevo. Bari: Edizioni Dedalo. 3. Prieto Fandiño, J. L. (2018). La componente rappresentativa dell’architettura. Bologna: Pitagora. 4. Benuzzi, F. (2018). La legge del perdente: la matematica come vaccino contro l’azzardopatia. Bari: Edizioni Dedalo. 5. Zellini, P. (2018). La dittatura del calcolo. Milano: Adelphi, VIII edizione.

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2177-7055.2013v34n67p139Este artigo busca analisar a questão do segredo como um instrumento de poder político que acompanha a história política dos Estados, destacando-se, para tanto, a sua caracterização nos chamados Estados democráticos de direito a partir da questão da transparência nas esferas administrativa e ambiental. Para tanto, serão utilizados os conceitos de segredos de Estado como aquelas informações que devem ser mantidas ocultas do público em geral em contrapartida com a chamada esfera de necessidade de divulgação de todos os atos e políticas governamentais próprias do regime democrático, a fim de que se possa evitar a formação de instrumentos de dominação popular.

Carlos Belvedere is a Researcher of the National Council for Technical and Scientific Research (CONICET) at the Gino Germani Research Institute, and a Professor at the University of Buenos Aires (UBA) and the National University of General Sarmiento (UNGS). He is a member of the Society for Phenomenology and the Human Sciences (SPHS), which he has co-chaired since 2014, and an Editorial Board member of «Human Studies», the official journal of SPHS. He is also a founding member of The International Alfred Schutz Circle for Phenomenology and Interpretive Social Science. He has authored a number of papers and books on Social Phenomenology dealing with fundamental problems in the Philosophy and theory of the Social Sciences.

WO3/CeO2/TiO2, CeO2/TiO2 and WO3/TiO2 catalysts were prepared by wet impregnation. CeO2/TiO2 and WO3/TiO2 showed activity towards the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx by NH3, which was significantly improved by subsequent impregnation of CeO2/TiO2 with WO3. Catalytic performance, NH3 oxidation and NH3 temperature programmed desorption of wet-impregnated WO3/CeO2/TiO2 were compared to those of a flame-made counterpart. The flame-made catalyst exhibits a peculiar arrangement of W-Ce-Ti-oxides that makes it very active for NH3-SCR. Catalysts prepared by wet impregnation with the aim to mimic the structure of the flame-made catalyst were not able to fully reproduce its activity. The differences in the catalytic performance between the investigated catalysts were related to their structural properties and the different interaction of the catalyst components.

The problem of the excessive abundance of the urban pigeon Columba livia population in the city of Modena has been solved thanks to the cooperation between the Modena Municipal authority and the Local Veterinary Service (AUSL). They have followed an integrated program that contains the following points: use of an oral veterinary licensed drug (Ovistop®, ACME, 1997-2002) in order to limit the pigeons fertility; use of architectural devices in order to limit the access of the pigeons in private and public structures, periodic monitoring of the colonies of pigeons and public information regarding the treatments and the integrated program. In the year 2008 Modena Municipality started the restoration of the Ghirlandina Tower. The above-mentioned authorities decided to exclude the pigeon population from the many scaffold holes existent on the tower. However, rather than completely remove all the scaffold holes to limit the pigeon reproduction, they decided to reduce the size of the scaffold holes, to allow access only to smaller animals, like Common swifts Apus apus and bats. In conclusion, the Modena Municipal Authority and the Local Veterinary Service have reached two important results: the first one was the effective reduction in the number of urban pigeons and the second one was the preservation of some animal species that are essential components of biodiversity in the city of Modena.

Palladium is the precious metal of choice for methane oxidation and perovskite-type oxides offer the possibility to stabilize it as PdO, considered crucial for catalytic activity. Pd can adopt different oxidation and coordination states when associated with perovskite-type oxides. Here, we review our work on the effect of perovskite composition on the oxidation and coordination states of Pd and its influence on catalytic activity for methane oxidation in the case of typical Mn, Fe and Co perovskite-based oxidation catalysts. Especially X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy is shown to be crucial to fingerprint the different coordination states of Pd. Pd substitutes Fe and Co in the octahedral sites but without modifying catalytic activity with respect to the Pd-free perovskite. On LaMnO3 palladium is predominantly exposed at the surface thus bestowing catalytic activity for methane oxidation. However, the occupancy of B-cation sites of the perovskite structure by Pd can be exploited to cyclically activate Pd and to protect it from particle growth. This is explicitly demonstrated for La(Fe, Pd)O3, where catalytic activity for methane oxidation is enhanced under oscillating redox conditions at 500 °C, therefore paving the way to the practical application in three-way catalysts for stoichiometric natural gas engines.

Knowledge of the structure of active sites is a prerequisite for the rational design of solid catalysts. In situ attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopy combined with site selective blocking by CO and isotope labeling allowed us to discriminate the different sites involved in the liquid-phase oxidation of benzyl alcohol on Pd/Al2O3. The main reaction, the oxidative dehydrogenation of the alcohol to the corresponding aldehyde, showed only little dependence on structure and occurred on all exposed Pd faces, whereas the undesired product decarbonylation occurred preferentially on hollow sites on Pd (111) planes. Similar ATR-IR studies on a corresponding Bi-promoted Pd/Al2O3 catalyst showed virtually no adsorbed CO during dehydrogenation indicating that the sites on Pd (111) planes are blocked by selective deposition of Bi. Thus the improved selectivity of the promoted Pd-Bi/Al2O3 used industrially can be traced to the selective blocking of active decarbonylation sites on Pd(111) by Bi.

The Mesola Forest (1,058 ha), located in the Ferrara province in the north of Italy, is completely enclosed and is home to a small group of endemic red deer (Cervus elaphus) that used to be widespread across all of North Italy. The Forest also contains a large population of fallow deer (Dama dama) reintroduced in the 1950s-1960s. Since 1982, the fallow deer have been managed by shooting however the population has continued to increase. Therefore shooting of the fallow deer is not only ineffective but is also unpopular and may cause stress in both red deer and fallow deer. The Modena Veterinary Service and the Antivivisection League suggested adoption of a fertility control programme based on the use of an immunocontraceptive vaccine (GonaConTM) registered in the USA for white-tailed deer. The use of the vaccine could help to reduce the fertility of the fallow deer population and lead to an increase in the red deer population which is currently too small to be safe from extinction. The fertility control program for the fallow deer population is proposed as part of a strategy to maintain the biodiversity of the Mesola Forest.