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Abstract Background To enhance and extend the knowledge about the global historical and phylogenetic relationships between Merino and Merino-derived breeds, 19 populations were genotyped with the OvineSNP50 BeadChip specifically for this study, while an additional 23 populations from the publicly available genotypes were retrieved. Three complementary statistical tests, Rsb (extended haplotype homozygosity between-populations), XP-EHH (cross-population extended haplotype homozygosity), and runs of homozygosity (ROH) islands were applied to identify genomic variants with potential impact on the adaptability of Merino genetic type in two contrasting climate zones. Results The results indicate that a large part of the Merino’s genetic relatedness and admixture patterns are explained by their genetic background and/or geographic origin, followed by local admixture. Multi-dimensional scaling, Neighbor-Net, Admixture, and TREEMIX analyses consistently provided evidence of the role of Australian, Rambouillet and German strains in the extensive gene introgression into the other Merino and Merino-derived breeds. The close relationship between Iberian Merinos and other South-western European breeds is consistent with the Iberian origin of the Merino genetic type, with traces from previous contributions of other Mediterranean stocks. Using Rsb and XP-EHH approaches, signatures of selection were detected spanning four genomic regions located on Ovis aries chromosomes (OAR) 1, 6 and 16, whereas two genomic regions on OAR6, that partially overlapped with the previous ones, were highlighted by ROH islands. Overall, the three approaches identified 106 candidate genes putatively under selection. Among them, genes related to immune response were identified via the gene interaction network. In addition, several candidate genes were found, such as LEKR1, LCORL, GHR, RBPJ, BMPR1B, PPARGC1A, and PRKAA1, related to morphological, growth and reproductive traits, adaptive thermogenesis, and hypoxia responses. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive dataset that includes most of the Merino and Merino-derived sheep breeds raised in different regions of the world. The results provide an in-depth picture of the genetic makeup of the current Merino and Merino-derived breeds, highlighting the possible selection pressures associated with the combined effect of anthropic and environmental factors. The study underlines the importance of Merino genetic types as invaluable resources of possible adaptive diversity in the context of the occurring climate changes.

Dado que ya existe un estudio sobre el futuro en gramáticas de ELE, realizado por Martínez-Atienza y Zamorano Aguilar (2020a), aquí se llevará a cabo el análisis, en nueve manuales ELE, de los distintos valores atribuidos al futuro gramatical y al presente de subjuntivo, que hacen referencia tanto al futuro/futuridad prototípico como no prototípico. En la descripción de estos valores se observará la terminología empleada y se valorará su pertinencia respecto a la formación metalingüística de los aprendientes y al desarrollo de su capacidad reflexiva (García Folgado 2022; Pastor Cesteros 2005). En relación con el nivel declarado por los manuales analizados, resulta necesario ponerlos en paralelo con lo dispuesto en el (PCIC) y comprobar su grado de representación. Tratándose precisamente de manuales, se dará cuenta de la cantidad y calidad de espacio dedicado al futuro de indicativo y al presente de subjuntivo en sus respectivas unidades.

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Analizamos los datos cronológicos del registro funerario del yacimiento de Las Mayores, Toledo, un poblado de estructuras subterráneas que incluyen enterramientos. Las fechas obtenidas en su necrópolis campaniforme certifican la ocupación del enclave durante el III milenio a.C. El resto de los enterramientos se sitúan en el Bronce medio. El modelo bayesiano confirma una interrupción del registro temporal de casi medio siglo, que pone en evidencia las dificultades de interpretar las secuencias de ocupación de estos enclaves considerados como permanentes, con ocupaciones reiteradas o recurrentes en el mismo espacio. Yacimientos equiparables en tipología y decurso cronológico del entorno inmediato no muestran la misma discontinuidad en sus secuencias y sí una cierta contracción en el cambio del III al II milenio a. C. coincidiendo con la emergencia de nuevos poblados lo que sugiere una reorganización poblacional que atenúa la idea de un cambio abrupto en la región.

[rec. di] Lorenzo FRANCIOSINI, Gramatica spagnola e italiana (1624), estudio y edición crítica de Félix San Vicente, Padova, CLEUP, 2018

During the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, religious architecture in Sardinia suffer a great transformation in its religious buildings, which made it necessary to stand out its peculiarities and to analyze the interpretative cliché to which it has been subjected. The identification of the possible differences between north and south of the island has allowed to verify the different ways by which the phenomenon was developed to cover the ships of the temples with modern stone vaults and the appearance of the domes

Los casos de paisajes antiguos cuya temporalidad está marcada en las rocas por medio de los símbolos que utilizaron quienes transitaron por ellos, son muchos en el Sur de Europa en general y en la Península Ibérica, en particular. Pero es precisamente Andalucía y en concreto las tierras de Antequera, uno de los ámbitos en los que se puede seguir bien este proceso a partir de las secuencias gráficas de algunos de sus yacimientos decorados. Un Arte Paleolítico en cuevas y al aire libre, con una versión pintada de mayor desarrollo que la hasta ahora documentada en el resto de la Península Ibérica, es la base de un desarrollo de sitios grabados y pintados a lo largo del postpaleolítico en los mismos territorios.

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En aquest article s'analitza el règim jurídic de la funció directiva a l'Estatut bàsic de l'empleat públic posant en relleu les seves insuficiències i proposant solucions de futur, ja que l'Estatut bàsic deixa obert el disseny del directiu públic professional. Perquè la figura del personal directiu encaixi amb èxit en les nostres administracions públiques resulta inajornable adaptar-ne l'estructura organitzativa i establir mecanismes que garanteixin la independència i l'objectivitat del directiu, tan sensible a la canviant conjuntura política.En este artículo se analiza el régimen jurídico de la función directiva en el Estatuto Básico del Empleado Público, poniendo de relieve sus insuficiencias y proponiendo soluciones de futuro, ya que el Estatuto Básico deja abierto el diseño del directivo público profesional. Para que encaje con éxito en nuestras Administraciones públicas la figura del personal directivo, resulta inaplazable adaptar su estructura organizativa y establecer mecanismos que garanticen la independencia y objetividad del directivo, tan sensible a la cambiante coyuntura política.This article analyzes the legal framework of the management system under the Civil Service Basic Statute, highlighting its deficiencies and proposing solutions for the future. Future solutions are possible, since the Basic Statute leaves the design of the professional public manager position open. In order for management personnel to be successfully integrated into government bodies, their organizational structure should be adapted without delay and mechanisms should be expeditiously established to guarantee their independence and objectivity. In an ever changing political environment, the position of manager is an extremely sensitive one.

After explaining the general principles followed to organize the Incontri section and highlighting the main points of the papers, this article relates the issues dealt with by the contributors with Spanish lexicography and diatopic terminology, with special focus on Americanisms.

Convergent Literary Echoes in Kafka’s Die Verwandlung. What Intertextuality Tells Us about Gregor Samsa

Background: The present status of outpatient treatment of depression in Germany was evaluated with respect to the adherence of general practitioners (GPs) and specialists of psychiatry to clinical practice guidelines. Methods: In total, 488 depressed patients' psychopathology, diagnostic assessment, therapeutic measures and referral frequency were documented at inclusion into study by 43 general practitioners and 23 specialists of psychiatry in three regions of Germany. The investigation of change in depressive symptoms after six to eight weeks by means of self-assessment could be evaluated for 165 patients. Results: The results of diagnostic assessment demonstrated that diagnoses of depression were not always based on the diagnostic criteria for depression (ICD-10): 33% of GPs' and 17% of specialists' patients were included as depressed patients into the study despite not fulfilling the ICD-10 criteria in the standardized documentation. Therapeutic undertreatment was more often found in the group of GPs. Referrals were found not to be oriented towards guidelines. After six to eight weeks, one half of patients reported a reduction in depressed symptoms, the other half of patients reported a stagnation or even a progression. Conclusions: The study has shown that physicians in outpatient settings still fail to orient themselves towards guideline recommendations. This reflects the need for physicians to receive guideline training, with the aim of improving the quality of care for depression. A quality management intervention program consisting of guideline training and an interdisciplinary quality circle to improve depression treatment and networking was supported by the authors and is currently being evaluated.

Hobbes y Buchanan comparten un mismo método de justifica ción de principios morales. Sin embargo, adoptan un tratamiento muy diverso del problema de la igualdad. Este desacuerdo explica: a) Las dife rentes conclusiones políticas a las que ambos llegan desde un mismo pro cedimiento. b) Las dificultades insuperables que aquejan a dicho proce dimiento.

The educative process, according to the more traditional point of view, is simply the transmission of a series of data of an intelectual character. In this paper a study is made of History as Knowledge and how it is the result of a series of institutional, social and ideological events, which vary according to the historical circumstances. These events contribute to the formation of the social reality, the development of which shows us the fundamental importante of the transmission of the knowlege of History, essencial for the definition of the social and national entities from the nineteenth century on.

The essay explores the role of gemstone merchants, jewelers and goldsmiths in the expropriation of diamonds, jewellery and precious stones from the Jewish population of Germany as well as German-occupied countries in the Nazi era. Their participation along with the possibility for them to profit from these efforts will be highlighted, and it will be shown in how far there is proof for the involvement of specific persons. Due to their changeable nature, many of the stolen pieces of jewellery are nigh impossible to trace. For this reason, the essay narrows its focus on individual gemstone merchants, jewellers and goldsmiths to gain insight into their involvement in the robbery. Structures and regulations that were exploited to this end can be observed on an administrative level, in responsible administrative bodies and in the administration of occupied territories. In addition, implementation methods can also be reconstructed, i. e. which middlemen the National Socialists made use of within the circle of gemstone merchants, jewellers and goldsmiths. It shows that all three levels - trade, handicrafts, and sales - benefited from the robbery. On the one hand, jewellers and goldsmiths were used as henchmen for the procurement and evaluation of gemstones, on the other hand, some of these goldsmiths took advantage of the sales orders placed by the National Socialists and obtained the necessary gems and precious stones and metals via the established networks. A scheme in which all participants systematically benefited from the robbery of Jewish property can be identified. Within the framework of foreign currency supply, military raw diamond demand and satisfaction of the Nazi art needs, the participation in the robbery seems limited to an elitist group of gemstone merchants, jewellers and goldsmiths, who were also closely linked to the Nazi elite. In how far the remaining, much larger group of jewellers were actively involved in the robbery of Jewish property remains a question to be answered by further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]