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The article discusses the history of extra-legislative royal commissions in England, beginning with William the Conqueror's 1080 commission of bishops and nobles' representatives to investigate the legitimacy of land ownership claims. Pointedly discussed is Lord Beveridge's 1941 white paper on social legislation titled "Social Insurance and Allied Services."

The article presents information on contributions to the discussion on urbanization. The process of urbanization began in Great Britain earlier than in most countries. The problems and the pressures are probably greater. Since 1900 the urban area of England and Wales has increased by 80 percent. Fifteen new towns have been built in the countryside since World War II. Many others have been officially expanded. Almost all towns of 50.000 persons and over are bristling their boundaries and thousands of new, private-enterprise, homes are spreading over the countryside. A present-day industrial enterprise commonly spreads over up to 1200 acres of land. Contrast this with a nineteenth century factory. If the 50 million people of England and Wales were housed at the density-rate adopted for new towns it should need 50 million acres for housing purposes alone.

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Copyright of Berliner Journal für Soziologie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Berliner Journal für Soziologie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Zeitschrift für Sozialreform is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Berliner Journal für Soziologie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Sozialreform is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article re-examines what historian Angus Calder has called the Myth of the Blitz, focussing upon the figure central to this Myth - the child asleep in the Underground. Images by Bill Brandt and Henry Moore are considered, as well as material by Graham Greene and Elizabeth Bowen, in order to understand a seminal moment in the history of modern British culture: the formation of a new, modernist aesthetic that was to play an integral part in the post-war transformation of the UK. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Soziologie is the property of Campus Verlag GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Praxis (16618157) is the property of Aerzteverlag medinfo AG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Leviathan: Zeitschrift für Sozialwissenschaft (Springer Science & Business Media B.V.) is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article presents information about perspectives on social civility in 18th century Great Britain. The role of emotions research in discussions of British civility norms is discussed. Particular attention is paid to British attempts to transfer conceptions of civilized life to colonies in India. Descriptions are given of the political aspects of the emotionality ascribed to colonized nations in the British Empire by their colonizers. Further comments are made concerning the perception of emotional differences and the use of this perception to judge the social development of a colonized nation.

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Copyright of Sozialer Fortschritt is the property of Duncker & Humblot GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article compares government sponsored services and programs in Great Britain and Germany aimed at the care, infrastructure for, and education of children under three years old. The article concludes that this social investment in early childhood is rationalized in economic terms in both Great Britain and Germany, but that child care policies have different aims that reflect divergent national traditions.

This paper introduces the concept of new learning spaces in academic libraries in the UK and how they are designed. The different grids at the University of Warwick are examples for a new trend of developing specific services for different user groups. The architects focused in their design on physical flexibility, newest information technology and contemporary design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Journal for Sociology of Education & Socialization / Zeitschrift für Soziologie der Erziehung & Sozialisation is the property of Julius Beltz GmbH & Co. KG Beltz Juventa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article offers information on "Repräsentationsformen des Anderen. Migranten in Westeuropa und den USA im 20. Jahrhundert," a workshop that focused on migrants in Western Europe and the United States during the 20th century that took place in Berlin, Germany in 2011. Papers presented discussed topics such as migration policies in the Atlantic Ocean region, the social discourse on multiculturalism in Great Britain since the 1960s, and the research on minorities in Austria.

The article offers information on "Inszenierung als Legitimation? Die Monarchie im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert - ein deutsch-englischer Vergleich," a conference that focused on the history of monarchies in Europe, and took place in Coburg, Germany. Papers presented at the conference discussed topics such as the influence of Christianity on the German monarchy in the 1800s, the courtly ceremonies during the reign of German Emperor William II., and the role of the British royal family in the media.

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Copyright of Der Nervenarzt is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article discusses an English folding screen decorated with a collage of paper cut-outs and other design elements associated with the British arts and crafts movement in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Background information on the history of furniture design, collages as an art form, and the 19th-century historical context of industrialization and consumer society is provided. The motifs and composition of the collage are described and analyzed as indicators of historical and social aspects of interior design for the middle class in Victorian Britain.

Copyright of Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie ( KZfSS) is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Customarily speaking, concepts of vocational and career training have been organised differently in Great Britain and the Federal Republic of Germany. Since the nineteenth century, vocation has been the "organising principle" of apprenticeship and vocational training in Germany, alongside of social security and other social forms. In Britain, however, a standardised system of vocational education and training does not exist. This paper seeks to shed light on a variety of systems for apprenticeship, vocational training, and career services in British and West German employment offices, as well as their effects on unemployment after the late 1960s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The origins of the phenomena of international jurisdiction and humanitarian intervention can already be found in the beginning of the nineteenth century. The article combines both topics and shows that these two concepts are directly related to one another. Beginning with the international ban of the slave trade in 1815 the analysis focuses on the corresponding implementation machinery created under the leadership of Great Britain. This machinery consisted of a hitherto unique combination of military and juridical measures which were directly dependent on each other. The main argument of the article is that the geneses of the concept of international jurisdiction and humanitarian intervention are significantly entangled with each other and both of their origins lie in the fight against the transatlantic slave trade in the beginning of the nineteenth century. Die Anfänge der Phänomene »internationale Gerichtsbarkeit« und »humanitäre Intervention« lassen sich bereits zu Beginn des 19. Jahrhunderts verorten. Der Beitrag verbindet die zwei Themenkomplexe und zeigt die Wechselbeziehung der beiden zueinander. Ausgehend von der internationalen Ächtung des Sklavenhandels im Jahr 1815 konzentriert sich die Untersuchung auf die unter Führung von Großbritannien hierzu initiierten Implementierungsmaßnahmen. Diese bestanden aus einer bis dahin einzigartigen Kombination militärischer und juristischer Maßnahmen, welche nur im Verbund ihre volle Wirkungskraft entfalten konnten. Insgesamt vertritt der Artikel die These, dass die Entstehungsgeschichten der humanitären Intervention und der internationalen Gerichtsbarkeit signifikant miteinander verflochten und zu Beginn des 19. Jahrhunderts im Kampf gegen den transatlantischen Sklavenhandel anzusiedeln sind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mitteilungen der Vereinigung Österreichischer Bibliothekarinnen & Bibliothekare is the property of Vereinigung Oesterreichischer Bibliothekarinnen und Bibliothekare and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The pre-eminent issue in British European policy since the general elections returned a Conservative majority government in May 2015 is the 'in-or-out' referendum on Britain's European Union membership which will take place before the end of 2017. David Cameron had committed to such a referendum in January 2013, primarily for intraparty and electoral reasons. On the European level, Cameron demands European reforms and further special arrangements for the United Kingdom which would allow him to make the case for staying in the European Union at the time of the referendum. However, the European bargaining position of the British government to achieve its objectives is relatively weak. While Cameron's referendum pledge has so far paid off in the domestic arena, the outcomes of the European negotiations and the British referendum are still open. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By focusing on consumer classifications, this article argues that surveillance can only be adequately understood by including the history of its methods in the analysis. It demonstrates that these methods - through their own logic and history - formed the basis and set the tone for observing consumer-citizens. In Britain, the history of consumer classifications is closely related to the national Census, with class having served as the primary discriminating factor for most of the twentieth century. However, from 1979 to 1981, classifications underwent a key shift away from class towards neighborhood, which also had a long history in British social research. This (renewed) spatial turn took place when changes in information technology coincided with neoliberal politics, leading to private company-based research and the focus on small units instead of society as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article traces the cyclical trajectory of the British coal miner from the mid-1960s to the mid-1980s. Within less than one generation, the miner turned from doomed industrial proletarian to self-assured embodiment of the future back to doomed proletarian. The renaissance of King Coal in the 1970s proved short-lived, and yet it needs to be taken seriously if one is to understand the nature of the coal strike of 1984/85 and the rundown of the industry that followed. Indeed, the figure of the miner offers a lens for reconfiguring our understanding of the 1970s and British contemporary history more generally, as the article seeks to demonstrate both empirically and conceptually. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The NSA affair has, among other things, shown the dimensions to which commercial espionage and the outsourcing of information gathering have grown. From the early modernist's point of view, this is not as surprising as it might appear - the development seems to have early modern parallels. The article shows how espionage was organized around 1700, discusses the term and argues that informal, commercial actors were highly relevant. This is demonstrated by looking at the English government's initiatives to gain information about France during the War of the Spanish Succession. A striking example for an espionage network working on a commercial basis and cooperating with the English government, is Pierre Jurieu's and Etienne Caillaud's Rotterdam based spy network. It is shown how this network worked in practice and how it gathered political relevant information for the English government. In the conclusion, I try to answer the more general question what the existence of commercial espionage in the early modern as well as in the postmodern period can tell us about the history of espionage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Critically examining the social-historical assumption that urban and rural settlements separated in the course of the eighteenth century, this article analyses overlaps and interdependencies between town and countryside in the British Empire. The Jacobite rebellions after 1688, the American Revolution and the Irish Rebellion of 1798 deserve to be studied in terms of a growing anti-centralism and anti-globalism in Britain and the colonies. Many eighteenth-century uprisings were, in fact, transregional and transcended the traditional socio-cultural stratification of society. Although rural areas were often infrastructurally disadvantaged, they nevertheless participated in overarching concepts of nationhood and counter-global networks. Furthermore, the Sacheverell Riots of 1710 as well as the anti-Catholic riots of 1778 to 1780 suggest a great political relevance of the suburban space. As zones of transition and social mobility, the outskirts of eighteenth-century towns and cities were vital hubs of communication and radicalisation. A clearer physical and discursive separation of urban and rural cultures only emerged in the nineteenth century when economic and demographic change fostered unprecedented class-distinction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Kriminologisches Journal is the property of Julius Beltz GmbH & Co. KG Beltz Juventa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

On 7 February 2019 the largest evening paper in the Nordic countries, Aftonbladet, published an article on the scholar Martin Kragh, head of the Russia and Eurasia Programme at the Swedish Institute of International Affairs In Stockholm and researcher at Uppsala University. Kragh, according to Aftonbladet, was allegedly working for "a covert state intelligence organization in Great Britain," and he should therefore be investigated "by Swedish media and the security police." The problem with Aftonbladets claims is that they are false, and that they with a high degree of confidence had their origin in a Russian influence operation against the British think tank Institute for Statecraft. Using quantitative and qualitative method, this article analyses the origins and diffusion of the campaign Internationally and in Sweden as an informational cascade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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