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If ever the concept “VUCA” (Volatility, Uncertainty, Complexity, and Ambiguity) seemed appropriate to use, it is now. National and global companies experience the highest level of instability due to the Covid-19 pandemic, which is the classic example of a highly volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous world. In this world, decision-makers have to face more challenges appealing to the VUCA Prime leadership approach: vision against volatility, understanding against uncertainty, clarity against complexity, and agility against ambiguity. Some of the ways through which managers can overcome the VUCA characteristics include: providing a shared vision as a criterion for all decisions to be made, identifying the reason for the decision problems and sharing the idea with the followers, going through the entire decision process, following steps in proper order, and developing quick solutions. In an inventory decision taken in a VUCA context, the above ways are possible if using fuzzy inventory methods dealing with volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity. This paper aims to adapt a traditional inventory method, Economic Production Quantity (EPQ), to the challenges of the VUCA world, through the fuzzy logic system (FLS). To achieve the best solution for the decision problem in the shortest time possible, the managers can employ a conversion by using the computing platform MATLAB. There are some advantages of this conversion for these two methods, EPQ and FLS. Firstly, the transformation of EPQ in ELQ (Economic Logic Quantity) allows managers to formulate the decision problem, even if they cannot identify and measure precisely the EPQ parameters. Secondly, using FLS to solve ELQ provides the possibility to simulate more alternatives and generate the solution in the shortest amount of time. Thirdly, it allows the decision-makers to evaluate the impact of the solution provided by each simulation on the company’s performance. Using these methods has the following primary limit: the problem formulation step depends on the managers’ understanding ability and managing a large volume of information. Therefore, there may be a risk of obtaining a relevant solution for a decision problem if the decision-makers do not understand the cause of the problem or do not know how to organize and manage a large volume of information. This limit could be overcome by using AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process), but this is the topic of further research.

The existence of the standards for transmitting documents in electronic format, which ensure their import without being operated once again in the information system of the client, does not exclude the process of inventory of the goods received for identification, inaccuracies that may occur. This paper present a software solution which has been made for optimizing inventory process by using of bar code scanners on Android devices. For this we have made research on client site to identifying needs, and we have to do research for joining different technology together to achieve the main scope.

In order to cope with the increasing demand for communication capacity in the aeronautical sector, the Future Communications Infrastructure is currently being developed. For air-ground communications two candidates are considered as the new L-band digital aeronautical communication system. In this paper, the idea of using one of these systems, namely LDACS1, as navigation aid is presented. Compared to satellite based navigation systems, LDACS1 exhibits a significantly lower vulnerability to intentional or unintentional interference. This is due to its larger received power. Despite LDACS1's general fitness to perform positioning, so far no precise ranging algorithm has been adopted. The standard LDACS1 synchronization procedure offers a simple ranging possibility, however, with restricted accuracy. Therefore, in this paper two newly adopted algorithms for determining precise range estimates between the aircraft and the ground station are presented. This also includes an assessment of the theoretical and currently achievable ranging precision. It is shown that the two algorithms offer a superior performance to the previously employed synchronization procedure.

PurposeThis Guest Editorial aims to demonstrate the diversity of application fields in which FTA methods are being used and to offer a glimpse into possible consequences that grand challenges may imply for the development of FTA.Design/methodology/approachThis introductory paper provides an overview of selected FTA 2011 Conference contributions for this Special Issue.FindingsFTA approaches create spaces where an effective dialogue between key players in different policy domains facilitates vision‐building and consensus‐building for engineering major processes of transformation. Therefore, sound approaches of futures thinking will help to better address the grand challenges.Research limitations/implicationsFrom a large set of excellent papers presented at the FTA 2011 Conference, only a restricted number of papers could be included in this Special Issue highlighting the broad diversity of FTA application fields in response to grand challenges.Practical implicationsFTA can contribute not only to the steering of diverse innovation systems, but also to their adjustment, adaptability and ability to shape responses to grand challenges.Social implicationsThe papers of this Special Issue point to the need for FTA to take into account user perspectives and to shape the social context.Originality/valueThis Special Issue brings together papers that explore not only the opportunities and limitations of implementing FTA methods in a variety of policy domains, but also their benefits in enabling a better understanding of complex systems that interact in each situation and in defining effective policy responses.

Consider a set of n > 2 identical mobile computational entities in the plane, called robots, operating in Look-Compute-Move cycles, without any means of direct communication. The Gathering Problem is the primitive task of all entities gathering in finite time at a point not fixed in advance, without any external control. The problem has been extensively studied in the literature under a variety of strong assumptions (e.g., synchronicity of the cycles, instantaneous movements, complete memory of the past, common coordinate system, etc.). In this paper we consider the setting without those assumptions, that is, when the entities are oblivious (i.e., they do not remember results and observations from previous cycles), disoriented (i.e., have no common coordinate system), and fully asynchronous (i.e., no assumptions exist on timing of cycles and activities within a cycle). The existing algorithmic contributions for such robots are limited to solutions for n ≤ 4 or for restricted sets of initial configurations of the robots; the question of whether such weak robots could deterministically gather has remained open. In this paper, we prove that indeed the Gathering Problem is solvable, for any n > 2 and any initial configuration, even under such restrictive conditions.

Global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs) can deliver very good position estimates under optimum conditions. However, in urban and indoor scenarios positioning with GNSS is often impossible. On the other hand, cellular wireless communication systems, e.g., the new, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) based third generation partnership project's long-term evolution (3GPP-LTE), provide excellent coverage in urban and most indoor environments. Thus, this paper researches timing based positioning algorithms for OFDM using time difference of arrival (TDOA) measurements and the 3GPP-LTE signals. Therefore, it introduces synchronization, TDOA estimation, and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) estimation algorithms. To solve the navigation equation for TDOA, this paper considers the static Gauss-Newton algorithm, positioning Kalman filter and particle filter. Further, this paper derives new Cramer-Rao lower bounds (CRLBs) to analyze the obtained algorithms. First, new CRLBs are derived for TDOA estimation and pairwise synchronized or fully synchronized transmitters. Afterwards, static and novel dynamic recursive Bayesian CRLBs are derived for position estimation. The CRLBs are compared to real estimated TDOAs and positions. Improvements of the positioning algorithms are still possible compared to the CRLBs. Nevertheless, this paper demonstrates that indoor positioning with TDOAs from OFDM based on 3GPP-LTE is possible.

The paper outlines different forms of integration of technology in teaching German. Specifically it presents only one form, this is a web-based instruction. The success of the integration of web-based teaching depends on several factors. In this paper we focus on the principle of gradualism, which is of key importance in the five stage model introducing web-based learning. In this paper we present the model and analyze its relevance for web-based teaching German. V prispevku so orisane različne oblike integracije IKT v pouk nemščine. Natančneje je predstavljena le ena oblika, to je spletno podprti pouk. Uspešnost integracije spletno podprtega pouka je odvisna od različnih dejavnikov. V prispevku smo se osredotočili na načelo postopnosti, ki ima ključni pomen v petstopenjskem modelu uvajanja spletno podprtega učenja. Model smo v prispevku predstavili in analizirali njegov pomen za spletno podprti pouk nemščine in posredno drugih tujih jezikov.

In this paper, a novel enhancement of the well known ALOHA random access mechanism is presented which largely extends the achievable throughput compared to traditional ALOHA and provides significantly lower packet loss rates. The novel mechanism, called Contention Resolution - ALOHA (CRA), is based on transmitting multiple replicas of a packet in an unslotted ALOHA system and applying interference cancellation techniques. In this paper the methodology for this new random access technique is presented, also w.r.t. existing Interference Cancellation (IC) techniques. Moreover numerical results for performance comparison with state of the art random access mechanisms, such as Contention Resolution Diversity Slotted ALOHA (CRDSA) are provided. Finally the benefit of taking strong forward error correcting codes for the performance of CRA is shown.

International audience; The paper presents a new approach to the human reindetification problem using covariance features. In many cases, a distance operator between signatures, based on generalized eigenvalues, has to be computed efficiently, especially once the real-time response time is expected from the system. This is a challenging problem as many procedures are in fact computationally intensive tasks and must be repeated constantly. To deal with this problem we have successfully designed and then tested a new video surveillance system. To obtain the required high efficiency we took the advantage of highly parallel computing architectures such as FPGA, GPU and CPU units to perform calculations. However, we had to propose a new GPU-based implementation of the distance operator for querying the example database. Thus, in this paper we present experimental evaluation of the proposed solution in the light of the database response time depending on its size.

The "Web of Things" (WoT) is a vision of a World Wide Web that reaches into the physical world by providing a seamless integration of digitally augmented everyday objects. In this paper, we present the AutoWoT project, a toolkit that facilitates the rapid integration of smart devices into the Web. It thereby lowers the entry barrier for users to expose data and services provided by their smart things. AutoWoT offers a generic way of modeling Web resources and automatically builds web server components which expose the functionality of such digitally augmented devices. By abstracting the specific implementation of Web protocols, the toolkit enables prototype developers to focus on their use-case. In this paper we show how AutoWoT can be used to considerably facilitate the process of populating the Web of Things and illustrate the benefits with a concrete prototype application, a presence awareness tool that combines multiple Web-enabled real-world devices and services within a physical mashup.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how the information extracted from scientific text can be directly used in support of life science research projects. In modern digital‐based research and academic libraries, librarians should be able to support data discovery and organization of digital entities in order to foster research projects effectively; thus the paper aims to speculate that text mining and knowledge discovery tools could be of great assistance to librarians. Such tools simply enable librarians to overcome increasing complexity in the number as well as contents of scientific literature, especially in the emerging interdisciplinary fields of science. This paper seeks to present an example of how evidences extracted from scientific literature can be directly integrated into in silico disease models in support of drug discovery projects.Design/methodology/approachThe application of text‐mining as well as knowledge discovery tools is explained in the form of a knowledge‐based workflow for drug target candidate identification. Moreover, an in silico experimentation framework is proposed for the enhancement of efficiency and productivity in the early steps of the drug discovery workflow.FindingsThe in silico experimentation workflow has been successfully applied to searching for hit and lead compounds in the World‐wide In Silico Docking On Malaria (WISDOM) project and to finding novel inhibitor candidates.Practical implicationsDirect extraction of biological information from text will ease the task of librarians in managing digital objects and supporting research projects. It is expected that textual data will play an increasingly important role in evidence‐based approaches taken by biomedical and translational researchers.Originality/valueThe proposed approach provides a practical example for the direct integration of text‐ and knowledge‐based data into life science research projects, with the emphasis on their application by academic and research libraries in support of scientific projects.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to compare and examine the quality of the results of tagging, and intellectual and automated indexing processes.Design/methodology/approachThe approach takes the form of analysis and graphical representation of annotation sets using the software “Semtinel”.FindingsA combination of tagging, intellectual and automatic indexing is probably best suited to shape the annotation of literature more efficiently without compromising quality.Originality/valueThe paper presents the open source software Semtinel, offering a highly optimized toolbox for analysing thesauri and classifications.

Purpose: The development of the 'Knowledge Portal' is the attempt to develop a central access system in terms of a 'single point of access' for all electronic information services. This means that all these sources - from the library's catalogue and full-text in-house applications to external, licensed sources - should be accessible via one central Web service. Design/methodology/approach: The Knowledge Portal is a piece of software and a real library application, based on Primo, a commercial product, which has been enhanced through a cooperative project from ETH Libraries (Libraries of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich) and ExLibris. The new portal will be the result of integrating this new metasearch and the library's homepage. Findings: The paper gives an overview of the general idea behind this complex and clearly user-oriented project and shows which steps are necessary for its launch. Originality / value: The paper gives an example of how to organize cooperation between quite different project partners and shows the complexity of setting up a portal as the single point of access.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present a topic classification model using the Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) as the target scheme. This is to be done by exploring metadata as provided by the Open Archives Initiative (OAI) to derive document snippets as minimal document representations. The reason is to reduce the effort of document processing in digital libraries. Further, the paper seeks to perform feature selection and extension by means of social ontologies and related web‐based lexical resources. This is done to provide reliable topic‐related classifications while circumventing the problem of data sparseness. Finally, the paper aims to evaluate the model by means of two language‐specific corpora. The paper bridges digital libraries, on the one hand, and computational linguistics, on the other. The aim is to make accessible computational linguistic methods to provide thematic classifications in digital libraries based on closed topic models such as the DDC.Design/methodology/approachThe approach takes the form of text classification, text‐technology, computational linguistics, computational semantics, and social semantics.FindingsIt is shown that SVM‐based classifiers perform best by exploring certain selections of OAI document metadata.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings show that it is necessary to further develop SVM‐based DDC‐classifiers by using larger training sets possibly for more than two languages in order to get better F‐measure values.Originality/valueAlgorithmic and formal‐mathematical information is provided on how to build DDC‐classifiers for digital libraries.

The paper implements the framework of Natural Syntax and treats various phenomena bearing on transitivity using the language material of ergative languages. In each case one ergative and one antipassive constructions are compared, and certain properties of such pairs are predicted. It is new in the paper that it is necessary to distinguish less or more transitive antipassive constructions. In the more transitive ones the agent and the patient are coded with the ergative case, the absolutive case, the nominative case, or the patient is integrated (at least to some extent) into the corresponding verb. More transitive antipassive constructions and the corresponding ergative constructions remain transitive. Because transitivity represents an unnatural environment, the alignment of the corresponding naturalness values is chiastic. The remaining antipassive constructions are less transitive, so that any pair consisting of such a construction and of the corresponding ergative construction withdraws from the unnatural environment of transitivity, and hence the alignment of the corresponding naturalness values is parallel. Another unnatural environment is represented by the patient just in case that its syntactic, not semantic, properties are treated. Consequently the alignment of the corresponding naturalness values ischiastic. The paper discusses 18 ergative languages, mostly from the Caucasus and the Pacific Ocean. V okviru t.i. naravne skladnje se ob jezikovnem gradivu iz ergativnih jezikov obravnavajo različni pojavi, povezani s prehodnostjo. Vsakič se primerjata po ena ergativna in po ena protitrpna zgradba (mednarodno: antipasiv) ter se napovedujejo nekateri vidiki razmer v takih dvojicah. Novo je, da je treba pri protitrpnih zgradbah razlikovati med bolj in manj prehodnimi. Bolj prehodne so tiste, v katerih sta vršilec in prizadeto kodirana z enim izmed naslednjih sklonov: ergativ, absolutiv, nominativ; ali pa je prizadeto (vsaj v neki meri) včlenjeno v soodnosni glagol. Bolj prehodne protitrpne zgradbe in soodnosne ergativne zgradbe ostajajo v okviru prehodnosti; ker slednja tvori nenaravno okolje, je povezovanje soodnosnih vrednosti lestvic križno. Preostale protitrpne zgradbe so manj prehodne, tako da par iz take zgradbe in iz soodnosne ergativne zgradbe prebija nenaravno okolje prehodnost. Povezovanje soodnosnih vrednosti lestvic je tedaj vzporedno. Nenaravno okolje tvori tudi prizadeto, kadar se obravnavajo njegove skladenjske, ne pomenske, lastnosti (npr. njegov sklon, ne morda stopnja vplivanosti od glagolskega dejanja). V izpeljavah, ki se dotikajo prizadetega te vrste, je povezovanje soodnosnih vrednosti lestvic križno. Zajetih je 18 ergativnih jezikov, največ s Kavkaza in s tihomorskega področja.

To date, few polarimetric weather radars have exhibited the capability to measure full scattering matrices. In contrast, in the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) community, considerable experience has been gained in dealing with complete scattering matrices and their statistical behavior. This paper aims to place weather radar parameters in a wider context in order to exploit more general concepts like target decomposition theorems and polarization basis transformations. Entropy, which is a fully polarimetric variable derived from the Cloude-Pottier decomposition, and the degree of polarization, which is derived from Wolf's coherence matrix, are the subject of this paper. The theoretical analysis carried out in the first part is checked against fully polarimetric data from POLDIRAD, which is the german aerospace center research weather radar. The entropy and the degree of polarization are compared with the copolar correlation coefficient in order to understand whether they can add value to radar meteorological investigations. Because the degree of polarization is available to conventional dual-polarization coherent systems, it is important to assess its potential for operational use.

This paper discusses the semantic content of syntactic dependencies. We assume that syntactic dependencies play a central role in the process of semantic interpretation. They are defined as selective functions on word denotations. Among their properties, special attention will be paid to their ability to make interpretation co-compositional and incremental. To describe the semantic properties of dependencies, the paper will be focused on two particular linguistic tasks: word sense disambiguation and attachment resolution. The second task will be performed using a strategy based on automatic acquisition from corpora.

Natural Syntax is a developing deductive theory, a branch of Naturalness Theory. The naturalness judgements are couched in naturalness scales, which follow from the basic parameters (or "axioms") listed at the beginning of the paper. The predictions of the theory are calculated in deductions, whose chief components are a pair of naturalness scales and the rules governing the alignment of corresponding naturalness values. Parallel and chiastic alignments are distinguished, in complementary distribution. Chiastic alignment is mandatory in deductions limited to unnatural environments. The paper deals with English interrogative main clauses. Within these, only the interrogatives containing wh-words exclusively in situ constitute an extremely unnatural environment and require chiastic alignment. Otherwise parallel alignment is used. Earlier publications on Natural Syntax: Kavčič 2005a,b, Orešnik 1999, 2000a,b, 2001a-f, 2002, 2003a-c, 2002/03, 2004. This list cites only works written in English. Naravna skladnja je deduktivna teorija v razvoju in veja teorije naravnosti. Sodbe o naravnosti so ubesedene v lestvicah naravnosti, ki sledijo iz osnovnih meril (ali "aksiomov"), naštetih v začetku sestavka. Napovedi teorije se izračunavajo v t.i. izpeljavah, katerih glavni sestavini sta par lestvic naravnosti in pravila o ujemanju med soodnosnimi vrednostmi naravnosti. Ločimo vzporedno in križno ujemanje, ki sta v dopolnjevalni razvrstitvi. Križno ujemanje je obvezno v izpeljavah, omejenih na skrajno nenaravno okolje. Sestavek je posvečen angleškim vprašalnim glavnim stavkom. V okviru teh tvorijo samo vprašalni stavki, katerih vprašalnice ostanejo in situ, skrajno nenaravno okolje in zahtevajo križno ujemanje. Drugače se rabi vzporedno ujemanje. Glavni namen naravne skladnje je določati pogoje, pod katerimi so razmere v nekem jezikovnem gradivu napovedljive. V tem smislu so v sestavku izvedene izpeljave, ki napovedujejo razmere v naslednjem jezikovnem gradivu (oštevilčenje je kakor v angleškem besedilu): (i) Uvodni zgledi (1) V glavnih stavkih je uresničena obratna stava osebka in osebne glagolske oblike, če je osebna glagolska oblika "pomožnik". (2) Vsebinski vprašalni stavki, katerih vprašalnica je premaknjena na začetek stavka. Če se pri tem uresniči obratna stava osebka in osebne glagolske oblike, je stavek glavni stavek; če take stave ni, je stavek odvisnik. (3) Vprašanje in odgovor sta dvojnici. V povprečju je odgovor krajši od vprašanja. (ii) Odločevalni vprašalni stavki (4) Glagoli kot explain 'razložiti' se redko vežejo z odločevalnimi vprašalnimi stavki in slednji rabijo veznik whether. Glagoli kot inquire 'poizvedeti' se bolj pogosto vežejo z odločevalnimi vprašalnimi stavki in rabijo veznika if in whether. (5) Nadredni stavek + odvisni odločevalni vprašalni stavek je usmerjen v vprašanje ali v odgovor. Usmerjenost v vprašanje ima blažji in manj blag različek. V manj blagem različku dopuščajo deli neknjižnega jezika v odvisniku obratno stavo osebka in osebne glagolske oblike. (iii) Vsebinski vprašalni stavki (6) Morebitni predlog, ki spremlja vprašalnico v vsebinskih vprašalnih stavkih, se seli z vprašalnico na začetek stavka ali ostane in situ. Če pa se vprašalni stavek skrči na vprašalnico in spremljajoči predlog, slednji mora stati pred vprašalnico. (7) Vprašalnica who 'koga, komu' se seli na začetek stavka, morebitni spremljevalni predlog ostane in situ. Vprašalnica whom 'koga, komu' se seli na začetek stavka in morebitni spremljajoči predlog mora stati pred njo. (8) Nadaljevanje točke (7). Vsebinski vprašalni polstavki: (9) V nedoločniškem polstavku kot vsebinskem vprašalnem stavku je nedoločnik lahko goli, in tedaj je edina dovoljena vprašalnica why 'zakaj', ali pa je nedoločnik predložni, in tedaj so dovoljene vse vprašalnice. (10) Nadaljevanje točke (9). (iv) Vprašalni stavki z vprašalnicami in situ (11) V vprašalnih stavkih z vprašalnicami in situ ni obratne stave osebka in osebne glagolske oblike.

The increasing emergence of data services for mobile applications requires high-speed communication technologies. To this end, free-space optical (FSO) communications technology has the potential to outperform radio frequency (RF) systems. Within the last years, the German Aerospace Center (DLR) has performed several demonstrations of mobile FSO systems. A brief overview of these activities is given in this paper. Mobil FSO mainly suffers from relatively long link outages, produced by temporary obscured laser-beams, pointing-and tracking-errors or deep signal-fades caused by index of refraction turbulence effects. Error correction and retransmission techniques for fading mitigation are discussed in this paper. Comparison of FEC and protocol based error correction for mobile FSO transmission is presented.

International audience; Many computer vision problems such as recognition, image retrieval, and tracking require matching two images. Currently, ones try to find as reliable as possible matching techniques with a very little constraint of computational time. In this paper, we are interested in applying image matching technique into robotic problems such as Augmented Reality, Visual Servoing in which the computational time is a critical element. We propose in this paper a real time keypoint based matching method. The novelties of this method include a fast corner detector, a compact corner descriptor based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) technique and an efficient matching with help of Approximate Nearest Neighbor (ANN) technique. We show that the method gives a very satisfying result on accuracy as well as the computational time. The matching algorithm is applied to command a robot in a visual servoing application. It works at 10-14Hz and is well robust to variations in 3D viewpoint and illumination.

This paper represents spectrum occupation measurements performed during the Soccer World Cup 2006 in Germany. The measurements cover the range from 400 MHz up to 2600 MHz including among other communication standards GSM 900, DCS 1800, UMTS, and WiFi. The intention of the paper is to compare spectrum occupation during a mega-event to spectrum allocation in a "normal usage" situation and to investigate correlation between the received power levels and specific events, e.g., scoring within a match. These results form the basis for a metric that may be assigned for dynamic spectrum access in heterogeneous radio environments. Measurement results are deeply investigated with respect to time-dependent and peak power statistics as well as quality of service considerations. Quality of service in that case is represented in terms of succeeded voice calls, data calls and data transfers as well as average throughput.

V clanku predstavljamo trenutno stanje znanstvenih dognanj o obrnjenem ucenju med izbruhom virusa COVID 19 in primerjavo dveh modelov, in sicer kitajskega in slovenskega Portal www razlagamo si ponuja asinhrone video razlage, ki ucencem omogocajo samostojno upravljanje s casom, ter podporne pogovore, v katerih ucenci sinhrono, v pogovorih s studenti pedagoskih smeri in ucitelji razresujejo težave z ucno snovjo Ponudimo tudi kvantitativni pregled video razlag Prispevek bo v pomoc uciteljem, ki poucujejo po nacelih obrnjene ucilnice in odlocevalcem, ki razmisljajo o modelu izobraževanja v prihodnosti Alternate abstract:The paper presents the current state of scientific findings on flipped learning during the outbreak of COVID 19 and compares two models, the Chinese and the Slovenian The portal www razļagamo si offers asynchronous video explanations that allow the learner to manage time independently and supportive conversations in which students synchronously, in one-to-one conversations communicate with student-teachers and in-service teachers The quantitative overview of the video explanations is provided Results will help teachers who use the principles of flipped classroom, and decision-makers who design the educational model for the future

The focus of this paper is on the neural network modelling approach that has gained increasing recognition in GIScience in recent years. The novelty about neural networks lies in their ability to model non-linear processes with few, if any, a priori assumptions about the nature of the data-generating process. The paper discusses some important issues that are central for successful application development. The scope is limited to feedforward neural networks, the leading example of neural networks. It is argued that failures in applications can usually be attributed to inadequate learning and/or inadequate complexity of the network model. Parameter estimation and a suitably chosen number of hidden units are, thus, of crucial importance for the success of real world neural network applications. The paper views network learning as an optimization problem, reviews two alternative approaches to network learning, and provides insights into current best practice to optimize complexity so to perform well on generalization tasks.

Übersetzung des Aufsatzes "Interrelation of Knowledge, Meaning, Mind, and Information: The Semognostic Approach", erschienen in Informacijos Mokslai 2002, Vol. 21, p. 59-69 Knowledge, mind, and information are studied within a relatively new domain of science known as the cognitive science. Traditional cognitive science describes mind from the point of view of computation. This approach, however, is strongly criticized now. A different approach is considered in this paper. It is not a computational one within the traditional connotation of the term. Explanation starts by bringing forward the fact that the meaning of information is ignored in the traditional idea of computation. In this paper, meaning is taken as one of the two basic ideas to account for the mind. Knowledge is taken as the second elementary idea. Meaning and knowledge are considered as measurable quantitative values in space and time. Both elements are considered as being interrelated, being the two sides of one complex phenomenon of meaning-knowledge. Such approach to meaning, knowledge and intelligence is denoted by a neologism "semognostic" (from Greek "semantic" - "of meaning", and "gnostic" - "of knowledge"). The field theory is considered to model semognostic phenomena. Further, it is claimed that various intellectual phenomena may be accounted for using the semognostic approach. The semognostic theory should be considered as a hypothesis that still needs to be proved. Some facts already known in various directions of science related to cognition may be employed for that purpose.

The topic of the present paper is the relation between linguistics and language education. Put as a question one could ask: 'what benefit can linguistics have for language teaching?'. It will be claimed that as a precondition, language teachers should have more than just marginal insight into theories of natural language. I will try to support this postulate using sentences with modal verbs: based on a certain linguistic theory, illustrations of sentences with modal verbs will be given. These illustrations are thought to be a first step for a didactic preparation (transformation) of explanations given by a linguistic theory for natural language phenomena. As a consequence of the considerations it will be postulated that it is obligatory for the education of teachers to include linguistic modules, since, in line with the hypothesis of this paper, insight into linguistic theories can help: 1) to understand phenomena of natural language and 2) to find a didactical preparation for the phenomena in question.

Based on where and how phonological rules apply, studies in Lexical Phonology (Mohanan 1986; Kiparsky 1985; Pulleyblank 1986; etc.) distinguish between two levels in the phonology; namely, lexical and post-lexical. At the post-lexical level, the various phonological rules normally require particular domains, without which they fail to apply. The question that follows is where and how we define these domains. Considering Akan Noun-Noun and Noun-Adjective phrasal word (compound) constructions in prosodic phonology (Selkirk 1986, Nespor and Vogel 1986 and Hayes 1989; etc.), this paper touches on some aspects of the prosody-syntax interface on the idea that the domain of a post-lexical rule is drawn from the prosodic component, an intermediate phase of interface analysis. The rules that come to bear are tonal (i.e. H-Deletion, H-Insertion and Boundary assimilation) and segmental (i.e. Prefix deletion and Diphthong simplification) ones that apply on the dictates of particular prosodic domain attainment. Thus, this paper argues that the syntactic structure influences these phonological rules, but indirectly through the prosodic structure (Inkelas 1989). Finally, the paper claims that with the prosodic domains occurrences are better defined and accounted for.

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the concept of Work-Life Balance with emphasis on the definition and content of construct. Based on a review of the literature, the article highlights the diversity of approaches defining the work-life balance (WLB) as well as the lack of a single accepted definition, on which the practitioners and academics community agree. The most problematic term was found to be the term “balance”. On the basis of analysed knowledge, the definition of work-life balance is proposed. The definition of WLB is based on presumption that WLB is such a state, that work life quality allows the full potential of a private life to be realized. According to this presumption a definition of work-life balance has been proposed and a formula for the calculation of work-life balance has been formed.

There is a use of the German third person neuter pronounesesin the prefield, known as prefield-eses, which is characterized by being neither referential, nor an argument of the verb. According to Speyer’s (2008, 2009) optimality theoretic prefield ranking, this should only occur if a sentence contains no alternative element eligible to be moved to the prefield. This paper investigates a so far unnoticed use ofesesin the prefield in combination with a demonstrative pronoundiesand a copula verbist, which will be referred to asEs ist dies-sentence. This construction is an instance of prefield-eses, but contravenes the expectations about the use of prefield-esespostulated by Speyer, sinceEs ist dies-sentences do contain a suitable candidate to fill the prefield, the demonstrative pronoundies. In a corpus study,Es ist dies-sentences are compared to a sample ofDies ist-sentences. According to the corpus data,Es ist diesoccurs predominantly in southern dialects. Significant differences between the two samples concern 1) the distance to the antecedent ofdiesand 2) the type of content of the sentence. An online rating study, that compared acceptability judgments ofEs ist dies-sentences between speakers from different regions, confirmed thatEs ist dies-sentences are a phenomenon of southern dialects. In the light of these results, a modification of Speyer’s (2008, 2009) Stochastic OT model is proposed.

Computational thinking (CT) is an important 21st-century skill. This paper aims at more useful CT assessment. Available evaluation instruments are reviewed; two generally accepted CT evaluation tools are selected for a comprehensive CT assessment: the CTt, a performance test, and the CTS, a self-assessment instrument. The sample comprises 202 high school students from German-speaking Switzerland. Concerning the CTt, Rasch-scalability is demonstrated. Utilizing the approach of the PISA studies, proficiency levels are formed that comprise tasks with specific characteristics that students are systematically able to master. This could help teachers to offer individual support to their students. In terms of the CTS, the original version is refined using confirmatory factor and measurement-invariance analysis. A latent profile analysis yielded four profiles, two of which are of particular interest. One profile comprises students with, on the one hand, moderate to high creative thinking ability, cooperativity, and critical thinking skills and, on the other hand, low algorithmic thinking ability. The second remarkable profile consists of students with particularly low cooperativity. Based on these strength and weakness profiles, teachers could offer support tailored to student needs.

Die Informatik ist ein Fachgebiet, die für Kinder und Jugendliche heute und ganz besonders in deren zukünftigem Berufsleben eine wesentliche Rolle spielen wird. Entsprechend wichtig ist es für sie, dass der Unterricht für sie ansprechend, fordernd aber gleichzeitig motivierend gestaltet wird. In dieser Arbeit wird deshalb vorgestellt, welche Unterrichtsmethoden sich besonders für den Informatikunterricht eignen und wie diese Unterrichtsmethoden lernpsychologisch begründet sind. Die vorgestellten Unterrichtsmethoden werden anschließend verwendet um eine Unterrichtsplanung für das Themengebiet der Netzwerktechnik lehrplangetreu aufzubereiten, wobei der Lehrplan der österreichischen AHS im Vordergrund steht, jene der BHS mitbetrachtet werden. Darüber hinaus werden auch die Kompetenzmodelle der AHS und BHS in Bezug auf die Netzwerktechnik miteinbezogen. Netzwerktechnische Grundlagen, Analyse- und Problemlösungskompetenzen sind für die Schülerinnen und Schüler von Bedeutung, weil sie damit befähigt werden, selbstständig auftretende Probleme mit dem Internetzugang und Internetdiensten zu lösen. Das ist für diese Alters-gruppe immer wichtiger, weil ein wesentlicher Teil deren sozialen Lebens online stattfindet und sie besonders ihre Freizeit immer mehr online verbringen. Lehrerinnen und Lehrer, die in der Vergangenheit das Thema der Netzwerktechnik gemieden haben, finden in der vorliegen-den Arbeit ein Rahmenwerk für die Durchführung des Unterrichts mit Beispielen und Wiederholungsfragen als auch mit Vorschlägen zur Beurteilung. Computer science is a subject that will play an essential role for children and young people today and especially in their future professional lives. Accordingly, it is important for them that the lessons are designed to be appealing, challenging, but motivating at the same time. Therefore, this thesis presents which teaching methods are particularly suitable for computer science lessons and how these teaching methods are based on the psychology of learning. The presented teaching methods are then used to prepare a lesson planning for the subject area of network technology in accordance with the curriculum, whereby the curriculum of the Austrian general secondary schools (AHS) is in the foreground, those of the vocational secondary schools (BHS) are considered as well. In addition, the competence models of the AHS and BHS are also included in relation to network technology. Network technology basics, analysis and problem-solving skills are important for students because they enable them to independently solve problems that arise with Internet access and Internet services. This is increasingly important for this age group because a significant part of their social life takes place online and they especially spend more and more of their free time online. Teachers who have avoided the topic of network technology in the past will find in this paper a framework for conducting lessons with examples and review questions as well as suggestions for assessment. eingereicht von Harald Miksch, MA MSc Diplomarbeit Universität Linz 2022

Koncept pametnog grada često se obrađuje, ali još nije postignuta konzistentna definicija. Ipak, svaki je opis gotovo uvijek usmjeren na njegovu tehnološku komponentu, politike održivog razvoja i omogućavanje visokih kapaciteta za učenje i inovacije. Osim toga, pametni grad ima za cilj povezivanje ljudi, informacija i drugih gradskih elemenata koristeći najsuvremenije tehnologije. Kao rezultat, stvara se održivi, zeleniji grad, potiče konkurentna i inovativna trgovina i povećava opća kvaliteta života.Integriranim prikazom pametnog grada ističe se da ne djeluje izolirano, te stoga, svaki podsustav grada treba razvijati svoju pametnu komponentu. Širok raspon rangiranja koristi se za određivanje pametnosti gradova mapiranjem prednosti i nedostataka svakog analiziranog grada. Kao način integriranja različitih pokazatelja u jednu vrijednost koja će predstavljati rang, najčešće se koristi složeni indeksni pristup.Ipak, složeni indeksi najčešće se formiraju primjenom pristupa jednakih pondera, što se u trenutnoj literaturi žestoko kritizira. U ovom radu pokušavamo pružiti dodanu vrijednost indeksu Smart City primjenom statističkog post-hoc I-distance pristupa. Postupak nam omogućuje osvjetljavanje pitanja osjetljivosti ranga gradova. Primjena post-hoc I-distance definira pokazatelje koji su najvažniji za postupak rangiranja što gradskim donositeljima odluka omogućava da poboljšaju svoje poslovanje, s naglaskom na upravo te pokazatelje., The smart city represents a frequently elaborated concept which however comes short in delivering a consistent definition. Nevertheless, almost every description has always been oriented to its technological component, sustainable development policies, and enabling high capacities for learning and innovation. Moreover, the smart city aims at connecting people, information and other city elements using state-of-the-art technologies. As a result, it creates a sustainable, greener city, pushes forward competitive and innovative commerce, and increases overall life quality. The integrated view of a smart city underlines it does not operate in isolation, which is why every subsystem of a city needs to develop its smart component. A wide range of rankings is used to determine the smartness of cities by mapping out the pros and cons of each analysed city. As the way to integrate various indicators into one value which will represent the rank, a composite index approach is most frequently used. Still, composite indexes are usually formed using the equal weight approach, which is heavily criticised in current literature. In this paper, we try to provide added value to the Smart City Index by implementing the statistical post hoc I-distance approach. The procedure enables us to shed some additional light on the issue of sensitivity of cities’ rank. The application of post hoc I-distance defines indicators which are most significant for the ranking process. It consequently empowers city decision-makers to improve their performance, with a focus on those particular indicators.

The aim of this article is to present a systematic literature review of literature reviews (a meta-study) of gamification topics in e-learning with a purpose to present a high-level overview of the state of the development of the selected field. The systematic literature review of literature reviews (2010 - 2019) was performed. The academic papers (literature reviews) from several academic databases such as DOAJ, ScienceDirect, Google Sholar and WOS were examined and filtered for further study. The selected articles were analysed for sub-topics (e.g. the efficiency of gamification mechanisms) and summarized. In last 5 years, the research of gamification in various fields (mobile apps, e-health, human resource management, business development, e-learning) is getting traction and the number of research articles and systematic reviews of research articles is increasing. After filtering literature review articles, we have found out that only a handful of them – 19, which summarizes 2631 studies, are directly related to gamification in e-learning. This study shows that the following gamification mechanisms in e-learning proved themselves efficient in almost all underlying studies, but there is no broad consensus on terminology and how to group of different gamification related concepts. The research is limited to the following scholarly databases: DOAJ, Elsevier, Google Scholar, and WOS. We are aware that there is a possibility we missed some systematic literature reviews on this topic, which was indexed in other well-known databases or published using different terminology in the title or abstract. The article can serve as a starting point for the research for the scholars and especially post-graduate students who are getting familiar with the e-learning, gamification and performing systematic literature reviews. Also, developers of e-learning systems and course designers could benefit from this article by finding out which gamification mechanisms are most researched, most efficient and worth implementing. To our knowledge, this kind of meta-analysis of the literature reviews hasn’t been done in the field of gamification in e-learning for the year 2019.

This paper introduces the new pragmatic concept of Nested Presuppositions (NestPs) and develops a relevance- theoretic account that explains its cognitive dynamics and manipulative mechanisms. The first section lays necessary theoretical foundations, by defining pragmatic presupposition, compiling a taxonomy of the types of presupposition and their triggers, identifying and critiquing research gaps in eight of the most relevant studies and drawing the conclusion that none of the existing definitions or accounts of pragmatic presupposition can adequately capture the manipulative characteristics and mechanisms of the instances of informative presupposition at issue. In section two, I shall introduce the concept of NestPs as the filler of those gaps, grounding it in Textual Rhetoric and Relevance Theory and highlighting its defining characteristic of information structures, i.e. how the message is segmented and its degrees of prominence and suppression are assigned in order to achieve strategic goals. I further problematize the relationship between NestPs, on the one hand, and informativeness and manipulation, on the other, in light of Gricean and Relevance-Theoretic linguistics, establishing that NestPs are inherently manipulative. I finally expound the manipulative dynamics of NestPs, in terms of the information processing mechanisms they employ, by capitalizing on the concepts of Ostensive Stimulus, Cognitive Principle of Relevance, Principle of Optimal Relevance and Comprehension Procedure, and suggesting the two new mechanisms of Cognitive Underpassing and Structure-Content Cognitive Conflict.

In the paper the method is presented how to update traditional digitalised dictionaries based on comparison of the dictionary lemmas and a big corpus. Hunspell platform is used for generation of all the word forms from the dictionary lemmas. 6th edition of The Dictionary of Modern Lithuanian was chosen for its comparison with the lexical data from The Joint Corpus of Lithuanian. The outcome of the comparison was two lists of non-overlapping lexis: the list of the dictionary lemmas unused in the present-day Lithuanian and the list of the dictionary gaps, i.e., frequently used words and word forms ignored by the dictionary. The latter is discussed in greater detail to give lexicographers a clue for updates.

Fantasy and science fiction genres extensively use imaginary settings and locations different from realistic ones but striving to look real. Arkady and Boris Strugatsky, pioneers of the science fiction genre in Russia, actively exploited the potential of both genres in their early tale, Monday starts on Saturday (1964), which combines features of the two space types. The present paper analyses the principles of creating ‘mago-space’ in the book. To do so, we look at the spatial organization of the events involved in the plot and the personages’ ideas regarding space. The research will enable us to clarify the role of space in conveying the authors’ message, which in this tale is quite explicit. We argue that the space changes significantly within the book, accompanying genre transformations and the development of the protagonist. Since the tale uses ‘mental sublocations’ as the main units of spatial organization, each part is determined by a certain type of cultural heritage. In the first part, it is the mental space of folklore and classical literature, in the second – that of mythology and science fiction, and in the final – philosophy and science. Mental spaces that coexist and follow various laws form a narrative which turns out to be a journey to the described present in the variety of its forms.

Fitness trackers have the potential for fostering sustained change and increasing well-being. However, the research community is yet to understand what design features and values need to be embodied in a fitness tracker for long-term engagement. While past work mainly focused on WEIRD (Western, Educated, Industrialised, Rich, Democratic) fitness trackers usersin North America and Western Europe, this paper investigates another perspective on fitness tracking. We conducted interviews with N = 37 fitness tracker users in the US, Europe and Egypt to identify the similarities and differences in attitudes and practices in fitness tracking. We found that fitness tracking involved a deeper social context in Egyptian communities and our findings suggest that Arabic users focused on physiological measurement, while non-Arab Western users appear to bewere more interested in goal achievement. We contribute design dimensions that can help build more inclusive tracker experiences. Our work highlights how future fitness trackers should support a customisable spectrum of design values to offer engaging experiences to a diverse and global audience.

Java supports threads and remote method invocation, but it does not support either data-parallel or distributed programming. This paper discusses Java’s shortcomings with respect to data-parallel programming and presents workarounds. The technical contributions of this paper are twofold: a source-to-source transformation that maps foral l statements into efficient multi-threaded Java code, and an optimization strategy that minimizes the number of synchronization barriers needed for a given program.

The paper is aimed at specifying and summarizing system-wide and internal slide variations of electric motors in the structures of multimotor drives of multidrive belt conveyors. The accounting principle of the indicated variations is formulated in the form of the hierarchic structure when building a probabilistic mathematical model of tractive effort distribution in the multidrive belt conveyor. A system of the obligatory internal combinations of slide variations of electric motors in the multidrive belt conveyor is suggested. Taking into account the recommendations of the given system, the dependencies enabling one to estimate the labour coefficient of the probabilistic modelling and give detailed and qualitative descriptions of every design case are suggested.

A certain class of predicates in German optionally allows for their complement clause to appear as coordinated with the matrix clause rather than embedded into it. This construction, which I will call Implicational Complement Coordination, exhibits all the hallmark properties of Asymmetric Coordination: Despite technically being in a conjunct position, the clause in question behaves like a subordinate clause with respect to asymmetric binding, asymmetric scope of negation and adverbs as well as asymmetric extraction. Based on the detailed description of the phenomenon by Reis (1993), it can be shown that this coordinate construction mimics its infinitival counterpart with respect to these syntactic tests. In this paper, I argue that this can be accounted for by saying that the coordinate construction is derived on the basis of its subordinate counterpart by means of movement. The subordinate properties of the second conjunct then derive from its derivational history as a subordinate clause. Further, I will show that even though other cases of Asymmetric Coordination (in German) lack a minimally different infinitival counterpart, they can and should still be derived from an underlyingly subordinate syntax.

Alpha Male GeneticAlgorithms are sexist and population based optimization tools that mimic theswarm behavior of animals. The algorithm consists on a socially partitionedpopulation of individuals where the partitions are formed by sexual selectionof females. In this paper, we suggest to use Linear Crossover and Hooke-Jeevesmethod for crossover and hybridization operators of Alpha Male GeneticAlgorithms, respectively. We perform a simulation study using a set ofwell-known test functions to reveal performance differences between thespecialized algorithm and some other well-known optimization techniquesincluding Genetic Algorithms, Differential Evolution, Particle SwarmOptimization, and Artificial Bee Colony Optimization. Simulation results showthat the specialized algorithm outperforms its counterparts in most of thecases., Alfa erkek genetikalgoritmalar cinsiyet farkı gözeten ve hayvan gruplarının hareketlerini takliteden topluluk tabanlı bir optimizasyon aracıdır. Algoritma, dişilerin eş seçimiile oluşturduğu sosyal olarak bölünmüş birey topluluklarına dayanmaktadır. Çalışmada,Alfa Erkek Genetik Algoritma’nın çaprazlama ve hibritleşme operatörü olaraksırasıyla Doğrusal Çaprazlama ve Hooke-Jeeves yöntemi kullanılmasıönerilmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında özelleştirilmiş algoritma ile GenetikAlgoritmalar, Diferansiyel Evrim, Parçacık Sürü Optimizasyonu ve Yapay ArıKolonisi Optimizasyonu gibi iyi bilinen algoritmalar arasındaki performansfarklılıklarını ortaya çıkarabilmek için bilinen test fonksiyonları ile bir simülasyonçalışması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Simülasyon sonuçları, özelleştirilmişalgoritmanın çoğu durumda daha iyi performans sergilediğini göstermiştir.

This paper combines the methodology of corpus linguistics and qualitative research in the domain of translation studies, with the aim to determine the frequency of translation shifts, i.e. the degree of departures from formal correspondence, as well as translation strategies used for the shifts. The parallel corpus consisted of two non-fiction Serbian-English translations from which 5000-word random sample sentence pairs were excerpted: Formulas of Love by Zoran Milivojevic and The History of Serbian Culture by a group of authors. Each sentence pair was annotated for translation strategies and structural changes: the annotation scheme distinguished among 8 translation strategies at the word or phrase/clause level (e.g. cultural substitution) and 5 types of structural changes (e.g. voice change), based on Baker (2011). The results show that 22.85% of the source text words get adapted in the target through shifts, which may represent a piece of evidence supporting the Skopos theory.

This paper employs the background assumptions of usage-based Construction Grammar (Goldberg 1995, 2006, 2013), Frame Semantics (Fillmore 1982), and a quantitative corpus-driven method for investigating the reciprocal interaction between lexical items occurring in two different slots of a grammatical construction. The method, referred to as co-varying collexeme analysis (Stefanowitsch and Gries 2005; Stefanowitsch 2013; Hilpert 2014), is applied to the determination of strongly attracted and repelled pairs of adjectives and verbs occurring in the extraposition construction with to-infinitive clauses in American English. Using the data extracted from the academic sub-corpus of COCA, the author seeks to indicate that some pairs of adjectives and verbs co-occur significantly more frequently than expected in the it is ADJ to V-construction. Furthermore, the results of the analysis of the co-variation of collexemes in two different slots of the same construction seem to suggest that such strong correlations between these slots can be determined by frame-semantic knowledge and/or discourse-functional properties of the construction under study.

With increasing radar activities in the automotive, industrial and private sector, there is a need to test radar sensors in their environment. A radar target simulator can help testing radar systems repeatably. In this paper, the authors present a concept of low-cost hardware for radar target simulation. The theoretical foundations are derived and analyzed. An implementation of a demonstrator operating in the 24 GHz ISM band is shown for which the dynamical range simulation was implemented in a FPGA with fast sampling ADCs and DACs. By using a FIR filtering approach a fine discretization of the range could be reached which will furthermore allow an inherent and automatic Doppler simulation by moving the target.

This paper describes a demonstration setup that integrates cognitive agents with the latest W3C standardization efforts for the Web of Things (WoT). The conceptual foundations of the implemented system are the integration of cognitive agent abstractions with W3C Web Things, which are generic abstractions of devices and virtual services that provide agents with various interaction affordances (e.g., actions, events). Together with the W3C WoT Scripting API, which is an ECMAScript-compatible API for W3C WoT environments, these standards allow JavaScript-based agents to be deployed and to operate in heterogeneous WoT environments. The agents can then be effectively distributed across the physical-virtual space in a write once, run anywhere manner: we deploy agents across a heterogeneous information system landscape that includes Web servers, browser-based front-ends, and constrained devices (microcontrollers). The deployment only requires minor platform-specific adjustments to consider resource and performance limitations on constrained devices. As a running example, we demonstrate a semiautonomous assembly scenario with human-in-the-loop support.

E.J. Lowe was a prominent and theistically–inclined philosopher who developed and defended a four–category ontology with roots in Aristotle’s Categories. But Lowe engaged in little philosophical theology and said even less about how a divine being might fit into his considered ontology. This paper explores ways in which the reality of a divine being might be squared with Lowe’s ontology. I motivate the exploration with a puzzle that suggests Lowe must reject either divine aseity or the traditional view that God is a substance. After showing that the puzzle cannot be overcome by rejecting one of its premises, I consider ways in which Lowe might try to reject the puzzle wholesale. I argue that the best way to reject the puzzle is to countenance a fifth fundamental category, the category of supernatural substance.

Modern and energy-optimized buildings often lack an intelligent and advanced control strategy. Instead, conventional rule-based control (RBC) strategies are still mainly used today, which do not exploit the full performance potential of these buildings. Model predictive control (MPC) has proven in simulation studies and pilot cases to be a promising approach to reduce the energy consumption of buildings, while improving occupants’ comfort. However, there is still a lack of implementing MPC in real, large-scale and fully occupied buildings, to further prove this potential in real building operations. This paper describes the implementation and operation of MPC in a large-sized, low-energy office building. The MPC controller was implemented in a section of the building during a three-month test period from February to April 2020, controlling the supply temperature of heating circuits for thermally activated building systems (TABS). Its performance was compared to the default rule-based control which is active in the other building sections. This allows for a detailed evaluation of MPC versus RBC under identical environmental and operational conditions. The MPC controlled building section used 30 % less heating energy than RBC controlled building sections, while the existing high level of thermal comfort could be maintained. Especially in transition periods (i. e. interseasonal periods like late winter/early spring) , the MPC is superior to the conventional heating-curve based control strategy, with heating energy savings of 75 %.

Due to a rapidly changing business environment, companies feel under constant pressure to innovate. In response to this challenge, and to accelerate their digital innovation endeavours, many incumbent firms set up Digital Innovation Units. To assess the effectiveness of these units, scholars and practitioners have called for the need to develop adequate means of measuring performance. This paper, therefore, reviews the literature on Performance Measurement Systems for Digital Innovation Units, and derives nine requirements. Conducting five case studies of Digital Innovation Units, we investigate the level of adoption of these requirements and propose three additional ones for a Performance Measurement System for innovation activities in Digital Innovation Units. We discuss these requirements and explain the reasons for their different levels of adoption. Thus, we contribute to literature and practice with a more adequate way of evaluating the performance of Digital Innovation Units, valuable to researchers and managers.

This paper introduces a framework for managing bias in machine learning (ML) projects. When ML-capabilities are used for decision making, they frequently affect the lives of many people. However, bias can lead to low model performance and misguided business decisions, resulting in fatal financial, social, and reputational impacts. This framework provides an overview of potential biases and corresponding mitigation methods for each phase of the well-established process model CRISP-DM. Eight distinct types of biases and 25 mitigation methods were identified through a literature review and allocated to six phases of the reference model in a synthesized way. Furthermore, some biases are mitigated in different phases as they occur. Our framework helps to create clarity in these multiple relationships, thus assisting project managers in avoiding biased ML-outcomes.

Our world is significantly shaped by digitalization, fostering new opportunities for technology-mediated learning. Therefore, massive amounts of knowledge become available online. However, concurrently these formats entail less interaction and guidance from lecturers. Thus, learners need to be supported by intelligent learning tools that provide suitable knowledge in a tailored way. In this context, the use of learning analytics in its multifaceted forms is essential. Existing literature shows a proliferation of learning analytics use cases without a systematic structure. Based on a structured literature review of 42 papers we organized existing literature contributions systematically and derived four use cases: learning dashboards, individualized content, tutoring systems, and adaptable learning process based on personality. Our use cases will serve as a basis for a targeted scientific discourse and are valuable orientation for the development of future learning analytics use cases to give rise to the new form of Learning Experience Platforms.

Recent developments of novel in-vehicle interventions show the potential to transform the otherwise routine and mundane task of commuting into opportunities to improve the drivers' health and well-being. Prior research has explored the effectiveness of various in-vehicle interventions and has identified moments in which drivers could be interruptible to interventions. All the previous studies, however, were conducted in either simulated or constrained real-world driving scenarios on a pre-determined route. In this paper, we take a step forward and evaluate when drivers interact with in-vehicle interventions in unconstrained free-living conditions. To this end, we conducted a two-month longitudinal study with 10 participants, in which each participant was provided with a study car for their daily driving needs. We delivered two in-vehicle interventions - each aimed at improving affective well-being - and simultaneously recorded the participants' driving behavior. In our analysis, we found that several pre-trip characteristics (like trip length, traffic flow, and vehicle occupancy) and the pre-trip affective state of the participants had significant associations with whether the participants started an intervention or canceled a started intervention. Next, we found that several in-the-moment driving characteristics (like current road type, past average speed, and future brake behavior) showed significant associations with drivers' responsiveness to the intervention. Further, we identified several driving behaviors that "negated" the effectiveness of interventions and highlight the potential of using such "negative" driving characteristics to better inform intervention delivery. Finally, we compared trips with and without intervention and found that both interventions employed in our study did not have a negative effect on driving behavior. Based on our analyses, we provide solid recommendations on how to deliver interventions to maximize responsiveness and effectiveness and minimize the burden on the drivers.