Search

Purpose Most state-of-the-art approaches for the analysis of the process of travel decision-making follow Woodworth’s neo-behaviouristic S–R (stimulus–response) or S–O–R (stimulus–organism–response) model. However, within this model, scholars primarily focus on the S–R relationship, investigating specific decisions by describing or explaining an outcome as the result of an input of several stimuli. There is a lack of investigation into the “O” dimension of the S–O–R model. This paper aims to contribute towards closing of this gap by conceptually and holistically expanding existing models with new perspectives and components. Design/methodology/approach The authors base the conceptual process on a subjective/interpretative research paradigm, by combining outcomes from different theories and concepts into a new, more holistic approach; and challenging this approach by seeking counterarguments as well as supportive arguments at three conferences and workshops. Findings The paper expands the body of literature by positing a generic conceptual operationalization model focusing on the organism (“O”) domain of decision-making. To achieve this, and further to operationalize the S–O–R model, the paper proposes to integrate an M–O–A (motivation–opportunity–ability) approach. Originality/value The analysis of the body literature reveals that there is still a lack of analytical and especially workable models/approaches for the analysis of the process of tourist decision-making. The paper contributes to that discussion by offering an alternative and generic operationalization of the tourist decision-making process by inducing a theoretical framework from the deductions gleaned from a number of existing theories.

The aim of this paper is to present the results of an empirical analysis of the use of non-alphabetic graphic signs (e.g. asterisks, slashes, plus signs etc.) in the context of repairs in Russian and German informal electronic communication. The data for the analysis were taken from the “Mobile Communication Database MoCoDa” (https://www.uni-due.de/~hg0263/SMSDB), which contains Russian and German private electronic communication via SMS, WhatsApp and other short message services, and the “Dortmunder Chat-Korpus” (http://www.chatkorpus.tu-dortmund.de/korpora.html). This paper describes the functions of various graphic resources in the context of repairs in both data collections and compares the occurrences of these functions in current Russian and German computer-mediated communication. It concludes that particular signs in both data sets share the same subset of functions, but they differ in terms of how frequently these resources occur in each form of communication., Journal für Medienlinguistik, Bd. 1 Nr. 1 (2018)

This paper presents an architecture for Automated Valet Parking (AVP) connected to cloud-based IoT services and mobile user interfaces. The goal is to enable AVP services for automatic vehicles. From the user perspective, automatic car drop-off and pick-up are activated via smart phone application, and the user will be able to continuously monitor the vehicle status together with additional services as cleaning or recharge during the parking phase. Further, the IoT platform allows the integration of live services that will interact with automatic driving and parking. As an example, the presented AVP setup includes the operation of service drones to automatically guide a vehicle to the best parking spot. The demonstration in this paper comprises a parking car and a micro aerial vehicle (MAV) connected in real-time through the IoT platform as well as the smart phone application where the car is controlled and supervised.

International audience; Satellite Image Time Series (SITS) are large datasets containing spatiotemporal information about the surface of the Earth. In order to exploit the potential of such series, SITS analysis techniques have been designed for various applications such as earthquake monitoring, urban expansion assessment or glacier dynamic analysis. In this paper, we present an unsupervised technique for browsing SITS in preliminary explorations, before deciding whether to start deeper and more time consuming analyses. Such methods are lacking in today’s analyst toolbox, especially when it comes to stimulating the reuse of the ever growing list of available SITS. The method presented in this paper builds a summary of a SITS in the form of a set of maps depicting spatiotemporal phenomena. These maps are selected using an entropy-based ranking and a swap randomization technique. The approach is general and can handle either optical or radar SITS. As illustrated on both kinds of SITS, meaningful summaries capturing crustal deformation and environmental phenomena are produced. They can be computed on demand or precomputed once and stored together with the SITS for further usage.

This paper sheds light on the role of visualization methods within the design thinking process. It provides a conceptual framework showing illustrative examples of visualization for each phase indicating its functions and benefits. Based on a thorough understanding of the functions and benefits of knowledge visualization in general, this paper seeks to provide a first overview of the use of visualization in design thinking informing and supporting practitioners and researcher for more conscious selections of visualization methods in their design thinking efforts.

Der Beitrag stellt die Idee des postheroischen Managements im Kontext der Entwicklung organischer anstelle mechanischer Managementsysteme sowie der digitalen Transformation der modernen Buchdruckgesellschaft in eine „nächste“ Computergesellschaft vor und skizziert die Idee einer agilen Produktentwicklung in heterarchischen Netzwerkstrukturen organisationalen Handelns The paper discusses ideas of post-heroic management in the double context of a development of organic instead of mechanic management systems and a digital transformation of modern printing press society into a “next” computer society. The paper then looks into the idea of agile product development within heterarchic network structures of organisational action.

This paper provides a detailed system theoretical model of a plenoptic camera with the aim to provide in-depth understanding of the plenoptic data recording concept and its effects. Plenoptic cameras, also known as light field cameras, were firstly thought of in the beginning of the 20th century and became recently possible thanks to rapid development of processing hardware and the increase of camera sensor resolution. Despite being a new type of sensor, they are operated in the same way as conventional cameras, but offer several advantages. A plenoptic camera consists of a main lens and a lenslet array (microlens array) right in front of the detector. The microlens array causes not only the recording of the incident location of a light ray on the sensor, as it is done by a conventional camera, but also the incident direction. Such a record can be represented by a 4-D data set known as the light field. In fact, by inserting a microlens array any conventional camera can be transformed into a plenoptic camera. The plenoptic recording concept and the 4-D light field provide multiple advantages over conventional cameras. For example, a single recorded light field allows first, to reconstruct novel views with small changes in viewpoint, second, to create a depth map, and third, to refocus images after the data capture. Hence, the process of focusing is shifted from hardware to software. Last, but not least, plenoptic cameras allow an extended depth of field in comparison to a conventional camera and the use of a bigger camera aperture. Most of the mentioned advantages become particularly effective at close-range to an object. The German Aerospace Center performs research on plenoptic cameras for close-range imaging in space. Possible applications are for example robot vision with plenoptic cameras for robotic arm operations during on-orbit servicing missions or the use of plenoptic cameras on rovers in the course of exploration missions to other planets. Those application scenarios and the demanding conditions in space require thorough comprehension of plenoptic cameras. For this purpose, this paper shall provide a detailed model of plenoptic cameras, which allows to derive camera parameters and optimize them with particular attention to the user requirements and to generate synthetic data. The latter can be utilized to assess the evaluation algorithms, which are not mentioned in detail in this paper. The modeling of the plenoptic camera is mainly based on the theory of geometric optics expanded by elements of diffraction optics.

The main purpose of this paper is to present the modern model of integrated corporate communication. Beside this, the authors will describe the changes occurring in the corporate environment and importance of changing the model of corporate communication. This paper also discusses the importance of implementation of the suggested model, the use of new media and effects of these changes on corporations. The approach used in this paper is the literature review. The authors explore the importance of implementation of the suggested model and the new media in corporate communication, both internal and external, addressing all the stakeholders and communication contents. The paper recommends implementation of a modern model of integrated corporate communication as a response to constant development of the new media and generation changes taking place. Practical implications: the modern model of integrated corporate communication can be used as an upgrade of the conventional communication models. This modern model empowers companies to sustain and build up the existing relationships with stakeholders, and to find out and create new relationships with stakeholders who were previously inaccessible and invisible.

The exploration and potential future exploitation of solar system bodies requires technologies for precise and safe landings. Current navigation systems for landing probes are relying on a combination of inertial and optical sensor measurements to determine the current flight state with respect to the target body and the desired landing site. With a future transition from single exploration missions to more frequent first exploration and then exploitation missions, the implementation and operation of these missions changes, since it can be expected that a ground infrastructure on the target body is available in the vicinity of the landing site. In a previous paper, the impact of a single ground-based beacon on the navigation performance was investigated depending on the type of radiometric measurements and on the location of the beacon with respect to the landing site. This paper extends this investigation on options for ground-based multiple beacons supporting the on-board navigation system. It analyzes the impact on the achievable navigation accuracy. For that purpose, the paper introduces briefly the existing navigation architecture based on optical navigation and its extension with radiometric measurements. The same scenario of lunar landing as in the previous paper is simulated. The results are analyzed and discussed. They show a single beacon at a large distance along the landing trajectory and multiple beacons close to the landing site can improve the navigation performance. The results show how large the landing area can be increased where a sufficient navigation performance is achieved using the beacons.

In-flight demonstration and verification of a robust flight control design including an advanced anti-windup strategy is presented in this paper. The test aircraft, an Ultrastick 120 unmanned aircraft, is equipped with a pitch- and roll-attitude command flight-control system for remotely controlled augmented flight. The longitudinal aircraft dynamics are enhanced with an H1-based control design. The controller additionally comprises an dvanced anti-windup strategy to avoid integrator windup during actuator saturation. The lateral axis features a linear-parameter varying controller which provides robust performance over the whole velocity range. The controllers as well as the anti-windup algorithm are verified and validated in a non-linear simulation environment and by various flight tests. The paper provides detailed insight in the design process of the controllers, as well as a comprehensive discussion on the simulation and flight test results.

In this paper a particle filter for absolute train localization based on magnetic field measurements is proposed. The filter utilizes distortions of the earth magnetic field introduced by ferromagnetic infrastructure components along the railway track. The distortions are characteristic for a certain part of the track network and therefore are a source of position information. The particle filter introduced in this paper incorporates a prior created map of these distortions to estimate the train position. This only requires low-cost passive magnetometers and a simple movement model that accounts for the limited dynamics of a train. The feasibility of the approach is demonstrated in an evaluation with measurements collected on a train driving in a rural area. Overall a position root mean square error below four meters could be achieved, proving that the magnetic field is a viable source of position information that is independent from other localization systems like GNSS.

The syntactic parser ARTEMIS (Automatically Representing Text Meaning via an Interlingua-based System) is a prototype intended to process natural language within the environment of the Functional Grammar Knowledge Base (FunGramKB) (Perinan-Pascual & Arcas-Tunez, 2010). Different from other parsing devices, ARTEMIS is grounded on two functional linguistic models: Role and Reference Grammar (RRG) (Van Valin & La Polla, 1997; Van Valin, 2005) and the Lexical Constructional Model (LCM) (Ruiz de Mendoza & Mairal Uson, 2008). However, certain adjustments have to be made to both models in order to meet the requirements derived from the fact that ARTEMIS follows the paradigm of Unification Grammars, in such a way that to comply with this paradigm, the GDE (Grammar Development Environment) within ARTEMIS needs to integrate two types of constructs: a catalogue of Attribute-Value Matrixes (AVMs) to describe grammatical units, and a set of production rules (grammatical, lexical and constructional) to allow it to produce a feature based grammar. It is the aim of this paper to give an overview of the investigation carried out so far within ARTEMIS in relation to these two aspects. We will do so by revisiting the literature in relation to the adjustments made to the linguistic models, especially to the RRG, and by reviewing the efforts made to describe the units and design the rules necessary for the parsing of simple sentences in English. Our paper will conclude by pointing at prospective research needed for the completion of this project.

Self-tracking receivers have been suggested for satellite and mobile communication applications. In this paper, we propose and demonstrate an array receiver (Rx) architecture based on phase-locked loops. The system is capable of automatically tracking a moving source and providing direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimates calculated from array signal phase differences. After deriving the system transfer functions, we show a digital implementation of the receiver and experimentally prove its phase detection capability. In combination with an eight-element linear array and analog front ends, we build a hybrid receiver and demonstrate its DOA estimation performance in static and dynamic outdoor setups. This paper gives the details about theoretic principles, implementation concept, and realization of the proposed receiver. We demonstrate DOA errors below 4° and show the reproducibility of the results. Using dynamic experiments, we verify the tracking ability of the system, which makes it applicable to retrodirective antennas.

Pedestrian positioning is still a challenging field of interest when not receiving any GNSS or other reference signals as it might be the case in indoor environments or tunnels. For professional applications, where it is not possible to rely on any infrastructure, a common technique is to mount Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) on the foot or other parts of the body for positioning. IMU based techniques still suffer from the remaining drift especially when the environment is unknown and not re-visited, or when the pedestrian walks randomly in large areas. In order to overcome this problem the so called FootSLAM algorithm applied in this paper is extended to handle known locations. FootSLAM is a SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) algorithm estimating the map of the environment while walking wearing an inertial sensor on the foot or at other locations of the body. With only few known locations the estimated FootSLAM map can be refined or corrected in the case of non-convergence in critical areas. Beside the derivation of the algorithm handling known locations in FootSLAM, the influence of different kinds of prior information on the FootSLAM algorithm is analyzed in this paper in terms of error and map quality performance.

The present paper looks into grammar competence of Croatian learners of German as a foreign language. More precisely, it deals with syntactic knowledge that learners need to activate in order to understand and produce complex sentences containing various types of subordinate clauses. Croatian learners of German as a foreign language spend a considerable amount of time during their German classes dealing with syntax – both explicitly and implicitly. In order to understand as well as convey complex ideas, thoughts, and plans in German properly, learners need to activate their syntactic knowledge. Applied linguists investigating the acquisition of grammar knowledge in SLA contexts have defined the order in which some grammar rules are acquired. They could observe that this order cannot be altered. The present paper discusses the results obtained in an analysis of students’ written essays. The objective of the analysis was to identify and describe the subordinate clauses learners use in their essays. The analysis shows which aspects of syntactic knowledge the learners in question possess. It also enables us to compare the curriculum and the syntactic knowledge actually displayed by the learners.

Whereas crowdsourcing as a topic has often been addressed in recent literature, web-based crowdworking platforms that manage the interface between crowdsourcers and crowdworkers have not received much attention so far. Furthermore, most of these platforms focus on either the management of external or internal crowds; platforms that handle both groups are rare. This paper investigates such a provider: the German company Across Systems. It uses a hybrid model, offering an individual “mini crowdworking platform” that enables the simultaneous government of external and internal crowds as well as a more traditional marketplace crowdworking platform (crossMarket) where supply and demand meet. Using a single-case study approach, the main contribution of this paper is to shed light on a model that has the potential to change the current crowdworking platform market. We show that managing both external and internal crowds on one platform can increase the acceptance, quality and speed of task completion.

В этом исследовании рассмотрено применение классической задачи 0-1 ранце с одним ограничением для решения задачи выбора пакетов телевизионной рекламы в критические периоды трансляций, таких как прайм-тайм новости, новости между продолжениями, в перерывах новостей и в часы пик с помощью программного обеспечения WINQSB. Сформулирована проблема постоптимального исследования решений задачи оптимального выбора телевизионной рекламы по времени, отведенному каждой группе объявлений., In this research paper, we shall consider the application of classical 0-1 knapsack problem with a single constraint to selection of television advertisements at critical periods such as prime time news, news adjacencies, break in news and peak times using the WINQSB software. In the end of this paper we shall formulate the task of investigation of the post optimality solution of optimal Television Adverts Selection with respect to time allocated for every group adverts.

Informatische Bildung wird auch im Primarbereich immer relevanter. Um in diesem Bereich Unterricht adäquat planen und durchführen zu können, bedarf es qualifizierter Lehrkräfte, die über fachinhaltliche und fachdidaktische informatische Kompetenzen verfügen. Allerdings sind sowohl die Ausbildung angehender Sachunterrichtslehrkräfte als auch das Fortbildungsangebot in allen Phasen der Lehrer*innenbildung noch unzureichend. Dieses Ausbildungsdesiderats nimmt sich das im Folgenden beschriebene Forschungsseminar an, das von Fachdidaktiker*innen aus der Didaktik der Informatik und der Didaktik des Sachunterrichts gemeinsam entwickelt wurde. Zentrales Prinzip des Forschungsseminars war das Forschende Lernen, das zur Professionalisierung der (angehenden) Sachunterrichtslehrkräfte zum Themengebiet „Informatische Bildung“ durchgehend Anwendung fand. In diesem Beitrag werden die Ziele, das Konzept und dessen Ausgestaltung sowie die Durchführung und die Evaluation des Forschungsseminars mit 14 Seminarteilnehmenden dargestellt., Computer science education is becoming increasingly relevant at the primary education level. In order to be able to plan and conduct lessons in this field, qualified teachers are needed who have content knowledge and pedagogical content knowledge in computer science. However, both the training of prospective teachers and the further education offered in all phases of teacher training are still inadequate. The research seminar described below, which was jointly developed by educators from the didactics of computer science and the didactics of general studies, addresses this advanced training desideratum. The central principle of the research seminar was inquiry-based learning, which was applied throughout in or-der to professionalize (prospective) teachers on the topic of “informatics education”. In this paper, the aims, the concept, and its design as well as the implementation and evaluation of the research seminar with 14 learners are presented.

Expression of time is an important field in linguistic research. In Lithuanian linguistics, the study of time has focused first and foremost on tense and aspect systems. Therefore, Lithuanian language has developed a big diversity of means to encode time, e.g. noun cases ( vasarą ‘in summer’) and noun phrases ( liepos vakarą ‘in July evening’), prepositional phrases ( po darbo ‘after work’), adverbs ( netrukus ‘soon’), subordinate clauses ( kai nustos lyti ‘when it stops raining’). All of them despite their different grammatical status are suggested to be called temporal adverbials. ‘Adverbial’ is a quite new notion in Lithuanian linguistics, it was first presented in the studies of stance adverbials but is also convenient in the field of linguistic expression of time. The purpose of the paper is to demonstrate the necessity of distinguishing a semantic-functional class of temporal adverbials in Lithuanian linguistics and to show their position in the system of means that encode time. The second part of the paper presents a few semantic models of the temporal adverbials made by foreign linguists and the semantic research of Lithuanian temporal means that should be regarded as temporal adverbials. Keywords: linguistic expression of time; temporal adverbial; adverb; tense; aspect; lexical aspect; deixis of time DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/Lietkalb.2016.10.9923

In this paper we will investigate the nature of deverbal nominals across languages. Deverbal nouns are typically classified according to their word-formation model: affixation and conver-sion. Our study will compare the word formation of deverbal nominals in Slavic (Croatian, Slovenian and Polish) and Romance languages (Italian, French and Spanish) in order to show (i) that affixation corresponds to a specific mode of morphological operations and (ii) that the differences and similarities between deverbal nominals of these two language families follow from the properties of the base verbs. Furthermore, our analysis will try to shed some light on the distinction between nouns and verbs. The paper comprises three major thematic parts. The first part briefly reviews the basic notions and theoretical assumptions of Generative Grammar regarding word formation. We have especially tried to explain those notions that we draw from Distributed Morphology. This part further exposes the theoretical framework that is used in this paper. In the second part, deverbal nominals in Slavic languages are analysed and de-scribed. We primarily investigate the Slavic languages, since in these languages morphology plays a larger role in the construction of deverbal nouns. The third part contains an investiga-tion of the phrasal structure of nominalizations across the Romance languages. We close the work with a general conclusion about the behaviour of deverbal nouns in these two groups of languages. We concentrate mainly on the differences between the phrasal architecture of nom-inalizations and correspondent verbal constructions.

Range accuracy of synthetic aperture radar using modern satellites has been proven in centimeter-range after consideration of geodynamic, atmospheric effects and systematic errors; it is so-called Imaging Geodesy technique. Based on this technique, we have proposed the next-generation of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) products and developed operational software SAR Geodesy Processor in the previous paper. In this paper, we are concentrated on validation of processor and accuracy analysis on a global-scale. Two datasets with different spatial resolutions generated from European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast are used to compensate atmospheric refraction effect in range. At the end, we apply corrections on a Sentinel interferogram by using both datasets.

In recent years, computational sciences such as computational hydrodynamics or computational field theory have supplemented theoretical and experimental investigations in many scientific fields. Often, there is a seemingly fruitful overlap between theory, experiment, and numerics. The computational sciences are highly dynamic and seem a fairly successful endeavor---at least if success is measured in terms of publications or engineering applications. However, for theories, success in application and correctness are two very different things; and just the same may hold for "methodologies" like computer simulations. A lively debate on the epistemic status of computer simulations has thus emerged within the philosophy of science. This paper discusses possible problems when computer simulation and laboratory experiment are intertwined. In present experiments, stochastic methods in the form of Monte Carlo simulations are often involved in generating experimental data. It is questioned as to how far a realistic stance can be maintained when such stochastic elements are involved. Taking experiments in high energy physics as a study case, this paper contends that using these types of entangled material and numerical experiments as a source of new phenomena or for theory testing must presuppose a certain understanding of causality and thus binds us at least to a weak form of realism.

In this paper a method "Component Series Modeling" (CoSeMod) is presented. This allows fast and easy implementation of scalable model generations for passive component series based on measurement data or specification provided by manufacturer. These can be used in circuit models for fast EMC analysis and optimization, especially in frequency ranges where conducted emission and susceptibility dominate. EMC tasks require high precision equivalent circuit models of components. Models generated with CoSeMod provide in many cases as high a quality as original (static) models do. One feature of scalability is that new netlisting is not needed after component changes. The process of model creation is based on similarities of the components of the same model series (packaging, manufacturing process, material etcetera). Required equations of the relationship between nominal and parasitic values are calculated by nonlinear regression. Model generation for unknown components of a known series is possible with interpolation. Implementation is possible with relatively simple actions made in circuit simulator Saber. An EMC application example of the implemented model is also shown in this paper.

In this paper blind equalization algorithms based on digital watermarking are presented. Training sequence is sent along with the data in the form of watermark. Robust CDMA based watermarking algorithm is used to watermark the data. Watermark, which is spread over the data, does not consume extra bandwidth. So with the help of extracted watermark channel can be equalized just by using simple mean square algorithm. Two algorithms for equalization are proposed in this paper. In algorithm I the receiver does not require to know training sequence in advance. Using algorithm II, the sender does not require to send training sequence either, and data can still be equalized using simple LMS algorithm at low computational complexity.

The use of electronic language portfolios has been preferable to the use of common paper portfolios for ease of application – there is no need for accumulating a number of files of written papers, which solves the problem of storing space and, to some extent, helps reduce students’ and teachers’ workload.The study investigated learners’ perceptions of employing electronic language portfolios for conducting various assignments in English for Specific Purposes. The research involved university students of different specializations. Learners’ experience of employing portfolios and opinions on their benefits for improving language skills have been analyzed and statistically treated using SPSS software. The results show that students are positive about application of electronic portfolios in ESP classes. The use of online portfolios for various assignments helps teachers foster students’ learning, encourages critical thinking, develops creativity, motivates learners to use digital technology, encourages collaboration of learners, and in the long run, leads to lifelong learning.

This paper addresses issues related to the minimization of the computational burden in terms of both memory and speed during the simulation of electrical models. In order to achieve a simple and computational fast model the order reduction of its reducible part is proposed. In this paper the overview of the order reduction algorithms and their application are discussed. MEDEA+/A701 PARACHUTE BMBF/01M 3169 A BMBF/01M 3169 D BMBF/01M 3169 E

Due to their low cost and ease of deployment, fiducial markers – primarily Quick Response (QR) codes – gained widespread popularity over the past decade. Given their original use cases in logistics, these markers were created with the goal of transmitting a single static payload. We introduce QRUco as an approach to create cheap yet interactive fiducial markers. QRUco uses thermochromic paint to embed three secondary markers into QR code finder patterns. Users may interact with these markers through rubbing or pressing/touching, thereby changing the appearance of the marker while leaving the primary QR code intact. In this paper, we present the QRUco concept and demonstrate that our proposed approach is effective. We emphasize that QRUco markers can be created cheaply and that they do not require any specialized scanning equipment. We furthermore discuss limitations of the proposed approach and propose application domains that would benefit from QRUco.

The significant purpose of the author in the Introduction of a research article is to convince the reader about the importance of the work to be presented. To achieve this end, a convincing “niche” needs to be built by evaluating, rejecting or indicating gaps in previous related work. The purpose of “establishing a niche” is to emphasize the current research project presented by the author. The present paper investigates how Computer scientists use this obligatory step of “Create a Research Space” (CARS) model (Swales & Feak, 1994 & 2004) to highlight their own research work. This paper not only compares the results with other similar studies but also presents an in-depth analysis of various types of gap statements used in Computer Science research article Introductions. The issue of cyclicity of this step and the linguistic indicators used for the establishment of “niche” (the gap statements) are both discussed.

This paper deals with optimization of the received power profile for iterative parallel and successive interference cancellation (PIC/SIC) in coded CDMA systems. For practical implementation additional constraints should be applied. This paper focuses on the maximum tolerable bit error rate. It will be shown that optimized power profile can considerably gain the overall system performance. Due to unequal required receive powers an allocation to certain users can be done with respect to their individual power constraints. This is important especially in near-far scenarios. Beside these constraints also the maximum number of iterations is implemented due to limiting the computational complexity in the receiver.

This paper enhances the Biologically Inspired Dead-beat (BID) controller from [1], to not only enable three-dimensional bipedal running on a horizontal plane but also on 3D stepping-stones. Further contributions of the paper are explicit foot step targeting during running, leg cross-over avoidance and the embedding of the BID controller into a QP-based whole-body controller. The BID controller is based on the encoding of leg forces and CoM trajectories during stance as polynomial splines, allowing for intuitive and primarily analytical controller design. It allows a real-time implementation, is highly robust against perturbations and enables versatile running patterns. The performance of the control framework is tested in various simulations for a bipedal point-mass model and an articulated multi-body model of the humanoid robot Toro.

The starting point of this paper is the observation of an unequal frequency of the additive particle auch in German as compared to the paucity of its French counterpart aussi, in L1 and L2 developmental data as well as in adult native speakers' production, which leads to an investigation of the reasons for the observed difference in language use. The paper brings together findings on the structure and discourse integration of utterances containing additive particles (translation equivalents of also) in written sources from French and German and in oral production data from speakers of French and Italian, German and Dutch. Next to data from native speakers, developmental data from learners of French and German (as L1 and L2) are shown to be relevant sources of information about the integration of the optional particles into utterances and at the discourse level. The developmental data reveal a difference between Romance and Germanic languages, concerning not only the frequency of additive particles, but also their interaction with early markers of assertion: auch/ook function as precursors of the assertive value, in competition with the expression of assertion through finiteness, whereas no such interaction is attested for aussi/anche. A comparison of native speakers' preferential choices concerning the information unit highlighted to enhance discourse cohesion confirms the differences between the two language families: speakers of Germanic languages preferentially use particles and Verum Focus, i. e. anaphoric links operating on the assertion value of the relevant utterances, whereas speakers of Romance languages choose anaphoric links operating on the utterance's descriptive content (entities and predicate). Although additive particles across languages share a similar basic meaning, only the Germanic ones are integrated in a system of assertion-related items that push their speakers to apply a discourse perspective oriented towards a comparison of assertions.

The goal of this paper is to offer a cross-linguistic analysis of the most commonly occurring additive focus adverbs used in Italian, French and English – namely anche, aussi and also – on the basis of a corpus of written texts. The corpus used in this paper consists of comparable online news in Italian, French and English amounting to approximately 750000 words. In line with previous findings, our results show that there are important quantitative and qualitative differences between It. anche, Fr. aussi and E. also. These items differ not only in their overall frequency of use but also in the specific syntactic configurations in which they occur when they associate with the Subject of a canonical sentence. These differences are partly enhanced by the fact that this paper concentrates on a non-prototypical configuration, i. e. on the cases in which the canonical Subject coincides with a new entity while the Predicate is maintained.

The introduction of alternative propulsion concepts in public transport makes significant contributions to further reduce pollutants emitted by transport systems (noise, air pollutants). This paradigm shift is a major challenge for public transport operators. Operational performance of heavy duty vehicles depends on many different factors such as climatic conditions, load profiles (e.g. variations in passenger occupancy) and track topology. Currently there is no common standard which allows the assessment of energetic performance of different vehicle concepts and optimum deployment strategies of electric charging infrastructure in the network (with respect to their impact on the vehicles' duty plans). This paper introduces a simulation-based approach to provide answers to this multi-variant optimization problem. The model outlined in this paper allows operators to choose the most adequate vehicle type(s) and corresponding infrastructure for their respective conditions aiming at a maximum operational availability of the buses during the operational day. Furthermore, the simulation model allows the assessment of time tables and line topologies with respect to their operational feasibility. This paper discusses experiences made with simulative studies in the introduction of inductively charged electric buses in the city of Braunschweig (Germany).

Elements of grammatical information in the dictionary edited by T. Lehr-Spławiński, as an example of socio-cultural factors in lexicography The paper examines the convention of formulating the inflectional information, especially pertaining to grammatical cases, in Trzaska, Evert, and Michalski’s Dictionary of Polish that was edited in the interwar period by T. Lehr-Spławiński. The author attempts to determine what factors informed the use of a lexicographically innovative solution that nonetheless did not upset the linguistic tradition, and has proven both very functional and influential for future conventions in Polish lexicography. The analysis of nominal inflection presented in the dictionary is compared to analyses in numerous academic and popular grammars, mostly from the interwar period or widely known at the time, and in the context of the publishing layout of the editor who contracted Lehr-Spławiński. The aim of the paper is to highlight the significant role that research on the sociocultural context plays in metalexicographical studies and in a better understanding and interpretation of dictionaries, not so much as linguistic compendia, but also as texts of culture.

Again on numeral-nominal phrases in subject position The paper presents a formal account of sentences with a numeral-nominal subject and an adjectival complement, such as Tych pięciu facetów zostało zabitych ‘These five guys were killed’. The agreements in such sentences are highly idiosyncratic. To cope with them in the framework of a certain formal grammar of Polish, a number of extra means are proposed: special “numeral” realization of the nominal phrase in subject position, special “plural” adjectival complement, special rules that introduce the adjectival phrase in genitive, special valence frames for such strange phrases, and, finally, a special mechanism of interphrasal gender-number agreements. The paper argues for individual treatment of idiosyncrasies, instead of an artificial account in terms of general principles.

This paper addresses the problem of designing an efficient exploration strategy for multiple mobile agents. As an exploration strategy, an intelligent waypoint generation is considered, where the trajectory of the agent is governed by the properties of the explored phenomenon. Here it is assumed that the explored field is sparse in it's spatial distribution; consequently, it is assumed that a certain agent's movement trajectory might favor a sparse solution, as contrasted to simple sampling strategies. Specifically, these trajectories lead to an emergence of a structured sensing matrix consisting of shifted sensor impulse responses. Nevertheless some properties of this matrix, such as low mutual coherence, are essential for a successful sparse reconstruction of the phenomenon. Thus, the agents are directed to move so as to favor the desired properties of the sensing matrix, an approach termed sparse exploration. Unfortunately, numerical techniques for optimization of the sensing matrix are intractable. Therefore this paper proposes a number of heuristics, which numerically optimize the measurement locations of the agents so as to favor a sparse solution. Synthetic experiments are performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed heuristics as compared to simple random walk or regular movement patterns.

The present paper offers a comparative presentation of the possibilities and limits of five of the most important large digital corpora on present day German which are currently publicly available (Leipzig, DWDS, COSMAS, COSMAS tagged and TIGER). The aim of this article is to put at the researcher's disposal a comprehensive survey of the possibilities for using automatic search devices in the fields of lexicology, morphology, word formation and syntax. Special attention is given to the comparison of the performance and user friendliness of the proposed search options and analysis tools (lemmatisation, cooccurrence analysis, etc.). The information given in this paper is condensed in several comparative synopses which are individually understandable to a reader who does not want to have recourse to the full text.

Investigating and teaching collocations. The starting point of the paper is the observation that foreign language learners translate collocations literally from their L1. Collocations are conceived here as phrasal units which can be placed between free word groups and idioms. The paper focuses on metaphoric collocations, i.e. with polysemic collocator. In this type of collocation the collocator is used in a metaphoric meaning, while it appears in denotative meaning in free word groups. Contrasting types of collocation are presented in a model. Data from empirical research show that foreign language learners of a certain level regard metaphoric collocations as marked and transfer them less often than non-metaphoric collocations. The paper supports the need for pointing out the significance of collocations even for beginners.

This paper is concerned with meaning variations taking place in the interpretation of utterances. In particular, it examines the phenomena of conceptual differentiation and conceptual shifting performed on expressions of situations. My point of departure is that the linguistic form drastically underdetermines the propositional content which is explicitly expressed by an utterance. Consequently, I suppose a general framework which makes a distinction between two basic phases within the process of understanding. In the first phase of interpretation, which is part of the autonomous grammatical system, the context-independent and, hence, merely formal meaning of the utterance is calculated by means of semantic composition. In the second phase its contextually specified meaning is derived by pragmatic inferences integrating the abstract meaning base with accessible elements of conceptual knowledge. In concretizing this picture, I offer a multi-level model in which the propositional content, starting from the level of semantic form, has to be elaborated step by step in a sequence of conceptual structures. In view of the fact that most verbs are open to a multitude of primary meaning variants, the paper argues for a minimalistic approach to their lexical-semantic form which allows for conceptual differentiation by fixing the parameters involved. Essentially, the strategy of radical underspecification is also applied to the problem of deviating interpretations which can be observed, for instance, in adverbial modification. My basic assumption is that in the course of compositional derivation further parameters are introduced by obligatory insertion of certain general schemata. If required, these parameters are available to a fixation by means of which a suitable conceptual shifting of the respective expression is realized.

The present paper looks into an important aspect of textbooks for teaching German as a for-eign language: grammar exercises. The author analyses two Croatian textbooks for teaching German at primary school level: Applaus! 7 and Flink mit Deutsch 4. The first part investigates the relationship between explicit and implicit knowledge and shows that explicit knowledge has an important role in the development of grammar competence. Consequently, grammar exercises used for explicit grammar teaching must be incorporated into textbooks. The author elaborates on what types of grammar exercises are needed and how these exercises should be created so that learners can benefit from them. In addition, the first part comments on the role of chunks in the development of grammar competence. Finally, the author examines the role of receptive and productive skills in connection with grammar teach-ing. The second part addresses the textbook analysis in general. It refers to the previous research conducted in the field as well as to the criteria that can be drawn upon when describing the quality of teaching materials. In the third part, the results of the analysis of the two Croatian textbooks are presented. Both quantitative and qualitative data are commented on. This part also includes some information regarding the Croatian teaching situation so that potential readers not acquainted with it can better understand comments and suggestions provided by the author. On one side, the paper points to the strengths and weaknesses of the teaching materials in question. On the other side, the author provides some general comments on what a good text-book should contain in order to help foreign language learners develop their grammar compe-tence.

Foreign elements in the Polish lexicon, using the example of Słownik elektroniczny jednostek frazeologicznych (SEJF) ‘Electronic Dictionary of Multi-Word Units’ The paper discusses the presence of foreign phraseological units and of their grammatical features in phraseological dictionaries of general Polish. The author adduces lexicographical descriptions of specific phrasemes from Polish and foreign words dictionaries, and compares them with corpus data. Based on these analyses, she proposes a set of detailed solutions which were implemented in Słownik elektroniczny jednostek frazeologicznych (SEJF) ‘Electronic Dictionary of Multi-Word Units’ that she is preparing. SEJF is going to be the first electronic grammatical dictionary of Polish idiomatic phrases to provide paradigms for the described units. The paper closes with a list of one hundred analysed phrasemes, each with the assigned lexeme class and, in the case of nouns, also the gender value.

The aim of this paper is threefold. First, it aspires to discuss some general considerations regarding the treatment of word-forming elements in a bilingual dictionary. It is argued that not few lexicographic decisions are to be made rather independently of fluctuating linguistic postulates and that the user aspect and the function of the respective dictionary should be paid special attention to. Second, the paper examines the quantity and quality of the information provided on affixes in two German-Czech dictionaries. The analysis focuses on the entry components terminology, spelling, pronunciation, input and output units, sense distinction, translation equivalents, examples, cross-references, usage labels and productivity as well as on selectional criteria and information on affixes in the outside matter. The analysis reveals that the dictionaries under scrutiny show considerable weaknesses with respect to the information provided. Third, the paper briefly describes the treatment of the German prefix/circumfix Ge-...(-e) in the emerging Large German-Czech Academic Dictionary, an output of a project pursued at the Institute of Germanic Studies, Faculty of Philosophy & Arts, Charles University in Prague. It is shown how contrastive analysis can be supplemented by a corpus-based view using new corpus-linguistic tools.

This is one of the smallest issues of the Journal of the Text Encoding Initiative, but its size belies its importance. This is the first issue of the Journal that had an open call for papers. Up to now, issues were either selected papers from the TEI conference (issues 1,2 4, and 6) or issues on a theme (issue 3: TEI and Linguistics and issue 5: TEI Infrastructures). This open call elicited articles that touch upon contemporary meta concerns within the community; evaluating and teach...

As bit rates of optical interconnects increase, a large amount of complicated signal conditioning is needed to compensate for the insufficient bandwidth of current modulators. In this paper, we evaluate the reduced equalization requirements of high-bandwidth plasmonic modulators in short-reach transmission experiments. It is shown that transmission of 100 Gbit/s non-return-to-zero (NRZ) and 112 Gbit/s pulse-amplitude modulation-4 over 1 km and 2 km distance is possible without any receiver equalization. At higher bit-rates, such as 120 Gbit/s NRZ, data transmission is demonstrated over 500 m with reduced receiver equalization requirements. Transmission up to 200 Gbit/s over 1 km is also shown with more complex receiver equalization. The reduced complexity of the receiver digital signal processing is attributed to a flat frequency response of at least 108 GHz of the plasmonic modulators. All single wavelength transmissions have been performed at 1540 nm in standard single mode fiber.

SAR is a widely used technique to acquire images for geoscience and earth observation applications. Active phased array antennas are commonly used in spaceborne SAR systems. For certain modes and applications, it is necessary to know the phase behavior of these phased array antennas. For applications utilizing the different polarization channels for interferometry, the phase difference between the polarizations needs to be calibrated very accurately as it is the main evaluation parameter. Also for single-pass interferometric missions, the difference between the two antennas in terms of phase gradients is of major importance. This paper demonstrates for the first time the usage of phase patterns in an operational interferometric SAR mission. It describes why these phase patterns are required and how they are used to fulfill the different goals of the missions. Then, the mathematical model to derive the phase of the antenna patterns is shown. Finally, the paper explains how the antenna patterns are calibrated in order to minimize their residual errors and describes in detail the measurements performed for this calibration and verification.

This paper is an overview of some of the complications associated with conceptualizing second language in African societies, particularly with reference to European languages. Most popular opinions and many scholarly insights appear to define second language mainly in terms of sequence of acquisition. From this perspective, the term second language refers to a language learnt in addition to a previously acquired one. While this view of second language actually applies to many African situations, there are complex bilingual and multilingual situations in Africa that pose serious conceptual problems when viewed from the standpoint of this dominant view. This paper raises the need for scholars to be conscious of these situations, and the variations in the conception of second language that consequently exist, so that divergent perspectives of second language can be better accommodated in the emerging global academic community.