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Copyright of Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliches Institut Mitteilungen is the property of Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Poverty in Germany is on the rise. All current empirical surveys record this ongoing trend, specifically among certain disadvantaged groups, including older women. Despite the fact that different surveys draw the objective poverty line at different absolute income levels, it is more important, from a comprehensive sociological viewpoint, to include the numerous non-monetary factors – social and infrastructural – that burden the life of a poor person both objectively and subjectively. The so-called relative poverty also examines the contextual conditions, stresses and strains in the surrounding life situations from which poor people suffer from and which limit their life chances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Sozialer Fortschritt is the property of Duncker & Humblot GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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The article discusses poverty in Germany. The author highlights poverty as both a socioeconomic and a political and ethical problem and reviews theoretical, sociological statements on and interpretations of the phenomenon, including by such writers as Karl Marx, Georg Simmel, and Pierre Bourdieu. Statistics about poverty in Germany are provided, as are reflections on such themes as social inclusion and exclusion, precarity and flexploitation, and social conditions in 21st-century capitalist societies more generally.

The article discusses food banks in Germany. After briefly outlining the history of these institutions, first established in 1993, the author focuses on the role of food banks as lay social and political movements addressing social problems, poverty, and environmental concerns in Germany. Issues considered include the question whether food banks can be considered protest movements, their function as a supplement to the official welfare state, and the appropriateness of food back as a subject for sociological research on civil society.

Copyright of HeilberufeSCIENCE is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Soziologie is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Sozialer Fortschritt is the property of Duncker & Humblot GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of ifo Schnelldienst is the property of ifo Institute for Economic Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal for Sociology of Education & Socialization / Zeitschrift für Soziologie der Erziehung & Sozialisation is the property of Julius Beltz GmbH & Co. KG Beltz Juventa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article gives an overview of the current development of old-age poverty in Germany and classifies widely discussed concepts for the reform of statutory pension insurance. Although current indicators generally point to an increase in old-age poverty, the empirical data show no growth at present in poverty risk for persons aged 65 and older. However, it is expected that the income position of older people will be worsen due to the declining pension payments of new retirees and the increase in discontinuous employment trajectories as well as the insufficient spread in private old age provision. One of the reforms discussed for preventing rising poverty risks in old age is to consider life expectancy in the pension formula. This appears to be a promising means of reducing inequality within the group of pensioners. The implicit redistribution within the statutory pension system due to the empirically well-known correlation between living standards and life expectancy will decrease, and the equivalence principle can be strengthened. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poverty in old age is, up to now, not a relevant social problem in Germany. Nevertheless, there are clear indications that poverty among the elderly will increase in the future due to a bundle of reasons. Because of this there is no silver bullet to solve this problem. In the conception of an adequate strategy to reduce and to prevent a rise of poverty in old age, however, the equivalence principle as the basic principal the German statutory pension scheme has to be questioned critically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poverty among the elderly is currently an exception in Germany. Nevertheless, it is foreseeable that future pensioners will have less income and assets at their disposal. Reasons are the effects of the demographic change to the pay-as-you-go pension scheme, gaps in employment biographies and low pay employment. With that in mind, the reform package advocated by the Federal Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs is discussed and guidelines for a sustainable reform of the pension schemes are derived. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Sozialreform is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Sozialreform is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Sozialreform is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of WFOT Bulletin is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Sozialreform is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article discusses poverty risks and services of basic financial security for single parents as opposed to nuclear families in Germany. The study presented explores the details of basic financial security for single mothers according to SGB II (Social Insurance Code), and compares the expenses of child care and their impact on individual prospects of opting in and out of employment.

There is poverty in Germany; it is not only existent, though, but functional as to its competitive impact on the labour-market. By abandoning former social policies relating to the working class and a standard of living for the unemployed, German legislation affirms competition, and thus lasting poverty as a means to its end, while public opinion is occupied with issues of abstract justice beyond the nature of the specific sources of revenue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The future arrangement and funding of pension systems is increasingly the subject of recent public discussion. This paper addresses this issue, deals specifically with the two competing pension system models, "Bismarck" and "Beveridge" and examines some of their economic and sociopolitical impacts. The reto the implications of the two systems are explained theoretically and hypotheses about their effectiveness with regard to labor market, pension level, old-age poverty and pension distribution are generated. Finally, these are tested by means of macroeconomic data of selected European states. Altogether, indications can be found that the models "Bismarck" and "Beveridge" have different effects and impacts on the four factors analysed and that the hypotheses tend to be confirmed. After all, it is necessary to carry out a larger country study to verify the correlations and to test for significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sozialer Fortschritt is the property of Duncker & Humblot GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article presents a preface to the book reviews in this issue. The books deal with many topics that are currently controversial in Germany and abroad. The fourth law of the Hartz Commission has been heavily debated and protested in Germany, due to its adverse affect on unemployed workers; two books are presented on that topic. Other topics include the crisis and the future of the social state and social services; Germany as a split society; the face of poverty and the cost of social exclusion.

The article presents a dialog between the two authors on the subject of the interactions between poverty and wealth. The claim is made that the majority of contemporary Germans will end their lives in impoverished misery. The rapidly widening gap between the rich and poor is discussed, as is the relation of poverty to helplessness.

Copyright of Journal for Sociology of Education & Socialization / Zeitschrift für Soziologie der Erziehung & Sozialisation is the property of Julius Beltz GmbH & Co. KG Beltz Juventa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Pädagogik is the property of Julius Beltz GmbH & Co. KG Beltz Juventa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article focuses on Walter Friedrich, a pioneer in youth studies and one of the founding members of the Central Institute for Youth Studies, Leipzig, Germany. Friedrich was born in a very poor family in Cunzendorf and got his education in till class 8th in a typical village school, which had only one teacher. However, they could not hamper his strong will power to be a teacher and continued to cover difficult path of his study. After 1946, a new era in his life started and he started doing ordinary jobs to earn his bread. Fortunately he got opportunity to get admission in the University of Leipzig. His vision has established a multifaceted relationship of central institutes of socialist countries.

The article focuses on the effects of economic, social and cultural upheaval on children and youth. In particular, research on poverty affecting children and young people in modern society is discussed. The complex circumstances of poverty and social marginalization are examined. In addition, a study by the Arbeiterwohlfahrt (AWO) on poverty and future prospects for German children and teenagers is discussed.

The article focuses on family policy in Germany with regard to income distribution. In particular, the author discusses the "infantalization" of poverty as seen through an increase in social services and poverty rates among children and youth. In addition, he discusses the family policy goal of creating a "horizontal" income distribution among families by reducing taxes for families with children.

The article discusses poverty research in Germany, focusing on empirical methods and theories pertaining to social sciences research on poverty and social policy. The relevance of social policy as a collective, organized plan of action in poverty prevention is examined. In addition, the importance of poverty research for political decision-making and legislation is addressed.

The article discusses the "poverty trap" operant in Germany, whereby a low-skilled unemployed person on welfare may be no better off financially if accepting gainful employment. Hence, such people have no real incentive to work and present a double cost in receiving unemployment and in not filling one of the millions of open jobs to make the economy prosper. The author presents evidence refuting the poverty trap theorem.

The article discusses the impact of the Alterversorgungsgesetz, a German law governing care of the elderly, effective January 1, 2002. Formerly provided for under pension insurance, the elderly poor will be administered separately and protected from poverty by a minimal guaranteed income. A comparison with four other countries' statutes is presented.

The article traces the history of social policy in imperial Germany, centering on an 1871 poverty relief law known as the Unterstützungswohnsitz. A detailed legislative history is presented which outlines the roles of Chancellor Otto von Bismarck and President Rudolf Delbrück. The principles behind the law and its role in German unification are discussed.

The article discusses attempts to deal with hunger and beggary in Germany, beginning with expatriot Benjamin Thompson Count von Rumford. A Tory sympathizer and native of 18th century Woburn, Massachusetts, Thompson fled to Europe where he undertook military, scientific, and social engineering reform projects. Among the latter was "Rumsford soup," a public kitchen initiative to stem social unrest by sheltering, feeding, and employing beggars and the poor.

The article discusses a communal approach used in Hamburg, Germany to address poverty and social exclusion in one city district. A program was initiated by the Hamburg senate to address "social flash points," by reducing segregation and social polarization and improving living conditions. In poverty elimination efforts, the emphasis was on local community organizations and individual participation. Several projects are described.

The article deals with low income levels and its effect on social policymaking in Germany. The author discusses the correlation between low income and poverty and examines pensions, unemployment insurance, and social benefits. He focuses on the notion that social security and welfare provisions may deter recipients from obtaining gainful employment.

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Soziologie is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article presents a historical perspective on 1962-1995 anti-poverty efforts in western and eastern provinces of Germany and issues surrounding efforts to define and to minimize relative poverty. Gaps in the social security system are identified, and a series of suggested social policy steps to combat poverty are provided. Causes of poverty are said to be primarily unemployment and changes in family structure.

The article discusses poverty as depicted and discussed in the German press. The shifting focus of attention in matters of poverty is portrayed for each decade of the 1950s through 1980s. The opening years of the 1990s are presented as they relate to the threatened middle class, child poverty, and social aid reform. Counts, titles, and authors of articles published in the popular German press on various poverty related subjects are appended.

The article examines a successful cooperative effort between the federal government and local authorities in Hamburg, Germany, in assembling a report on poverty. Following a discussion of neo-corporatism, the author describes a "policy network" as the form of cooperative framework between the local welfare agencies and state actors.

This article discusses the topic of poverty research. The author cites new university courses that cover the topic of poverty, and new terminology that implies a sense of urgency in studying the causes and solutions to poverty. But whether a rush to study poverty has really created a new "dynamism" to topic is up for debate according to the author. A research group from Bremen, Germany, "Sozialhilfekarrieren," interviewed many people on the extent, duration and coping skills during periods or lifetimes of poverty.

The article reports on a symposium held in January 1994 in Hamburg, Germany, on the topic of the process of impoverishment and the feminization of poverty. The focus of the meeting was on women, particularly single mothers, children and young people, and housing poverty. Also discussed were the elderly, the unemployed, and early retirees with meager savings.

The article discusses the lack of a sociology of poverty in Germany, except for the work of Georg Simmel, and the difficulty of defining poverty. The author adopts the notion that it represents materially under-provided persons. The poor may have insufficiently equipped housing, little or no occupational education, health problems, and few social contacts. Welfare cheating is also discussed.

The article discusses changing demographics in Germany leading to greater pluralism. Noted in particular are the increasing numbers of impoverished and welfare dependent single mothers in West Berlin. A study shows that even well-educated women are not immune from welfare dependency once they become single parents.

This article discusses the deficits in administrative social care statistics, discussions concerning poverty and statistical reform in Germany. The author discusses the problems and solutions for reforming the collection of statistics on social care and poverty, as well as a lack of discussion on the state of poverty in the country.

This article examines the lack of statistical data covering the problem of poverty in Germany. The author considers the role that charity associations play within the country and how they could provide another analysis perspective. The author also compares the people who receive help from the charity associations with those who receive social welfare, and to the society at large.