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ZB MED – Information Center for Life Sciences is the largest library worldwide in the field of life sciences. From October 2016 to June 2018 Dietrich Nelle was its interim managing director. In this interview, he informs about ZB MED’s evaluation, realignment and cooperations. Furthermore, he speaks about open access, German Medical Science, research data management and research activities at ZB MED. Moreover, Nelle explains the position paper “Academic libraries 2025”, which he co-authored, and gives insight into his motivation to become provisional head of ZB MED. Finally, he drafts a possible way for the instituion’s resumption into the Leibniz Association in January 2022.

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Theorien multipler Differenzierung haben Konjunktur. Sie teilen die Annahme, die Gegenwartsgesellschaft sei durch mehr als eine Differenzierungsachse (z. B. funktionale Differenzierung oder vertikale Ungleichheit) charakterisiert. Solche Theorien thematisieren Anregungen sozialen Wandels höchst unterschiedlich. Der Beitrag unterscheidet drei Ausprägungen: (1) Anregungen als von eher historischem Interesse; (2) als inflationärer Dauerzustand; (3) als durch spezifische Modi (Kritik/Kooperation) ermöglicht. Die evolutionär-institutionalistische Perspektive Seth Abrutyns stellt demgegenüber ein Theorieangebot dar, das multiple Differenzierung auch als Ergebnis der Gestaltungsarbeit institutioneller Entrepreneure auffasst. Sie verzahnt multiple Differenzierung und Wandel unmittelbar. Dabei stellt sie die Überzeugungsarbeit solcher Wandelarchitekten in den Vordergrund und spielt Gestaltung und Evolution nicht gegeneinander aus. Abrutyns Rekonstruktion stoppt kurz vor der Gegenwartsgesellschaft. Hieran anschließend beleuchtet der Beitrag philanthropische Organisationen als zeitgenössische institutioneller Entrepreneure. Theories of multiple differentiation have been gaining momentum. They share the assumption that contemporary society is characterized by more than one axis of differentiation (e.g., functional differentiation or vertical inequality). Such theories address the instigation of social change in very different ways. The paper distinguishes three types: (1) instigating as of more historical interest; (2) disturbance as the usual case; (3) as enabled by specific modes (critique/cooperation). In contrast, Seth Abrutyn's evolutionary institutionalist perspective presents a theoretical proposition that conceives of multiple differentiation also as the result of the formative work of institutional entrepreneurs. It directly links multiple differentiation and change. In doing so, it foregrounds the persuasive work of such change architects and does not play design and evolution off against each other. Abrutyn's reconstruction ends shortly before the present society. Following this, the article sheds light on philanthropic organizations as contemporary institutional entrepreneurs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Peace of Venice (1177), which ended the nearly twenty-year-long schism between Pope Alexander III and his opponents supported by Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa, has long been the subject of controversy among scholars, who focused initially on the concrete provisions of the treaty and more recently on the symbolic acts that affirmed it. This paper uses Alexandrian sources to concentrate on peace itself as the pope's most important political goal: the biography of Alexander written by his cardinal Boso, the frescoes in the Lateran Palace painted after the victory, and other statements made by the pope himself and his supporters reveal his primary goal to be the restoration of unity and peace. This thinking may have been rooted in the Christian ethic of peace as well as in the enduring ideal of cooperation between pope and emperor. It offers an explanation for the pope's willingness to compromise in Venice, often viewed with astonishment today, expressed through the choice of location, the staging, as well as personnel and material decisions. Alexander did not aim to supercede the emperor, nor to achieve victory on specific issues in detail; instead, his goal throughout the schism seems to have been a return to peace and cooperation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses institutional constraints in the foreign language and intercultural learning process within the framework of an online collaboration project between a German and a U.S. university. Shows the benefits and constraints of such a collaboration and provides suggestions for the improvement of similar international computer-supported learning environments. (AS)

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Describes the new direction in Canadian continuing education for German teachers. Autonomous learning and collegial collaboration at the regional level are at the center of this re-orientation. At the national level, networking among regionally-active teacher groups that will lead to a new organizational structure and to new forms of cooperation is encouraged. (AP)

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Facing increasing interregional and international competition, the need for innovating economic and socio-institutional structures is virulent. One possibility is establishing clusters to promote the idea that developing a network of companies with a mix of cooperative and competitive practices leads to competitive advantages for the respective area. Organizing clusters means developing a cluster culture, a communication strategy and a selection criterion for creating the desired mix of companies. We base our opinion paper on an extensive literature review of scientific sources about clusters, cluster policy and Place Leadership. We reveal that the prevailing cluster policy often does not lead to sustainably successful clusters. We conclude that we need a shared vision among cluster members to develop resilient clusters. Shared visions create a sense of belonging, social identity, and internalization of values and attitudes. This way, it is possible that a sustainable and trust-oriented network structure can develop, and knowledge spillovers within the cluster, necessary for resilient clusters, can occur. True Place Leadership is crucial to deal with the needed diversity of actors and stakeholders, some of whom are in competition, inspiring, motivating, and guiding shared, cooperative, and collaborative ways of working. Employing Place Leadership can outperform current policy measures in other regional, industrial and structural areas and might even make them redundant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Fortbildungsveranstaltungen zur Dokumentation wurden vom Lehrinstitut für Dokumentation (LID) in der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Dokumentation (DGD) von 1974 bis 1991 angeboten. Themen waren u. a. die dokumentarische Methodik, Arbeitsabläufe, Dienstleistungsangebote, Produkte und neuesten Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien sowie der Umgang mit den dadurch ausgelösten Veränderungen ggf. auch aus Leitungsperspektive. Die Strukturen, Entwicklungsphasen, Themenschwerpunkte, Kooperationen – insbesondere mit Partnereinrichtungen aus der Mediendokumentation, aber auch mit regionalen Organisationen von Informationsspezialist*innen innerhalb und außerhalb der DGD – und der Stellenwert der LID-Fortbildung im Rahmen der Qualifizierungsangebote der DGD werden in diesem Beitrag beschrieben und analysiert. Training courses on documentation were offered by the Lehrinstitut für Dokumentation (LID) in the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentation (German Society for Documentation, DGD) from 1974 to 1991. Topics included documentary methodology, work processes, service offerings, products and the latest information and communication technologies, as well as dealing with change caused by these developments, if necessary also from a management perspective. The structures, development phases, main topics, cooperations – especially with partners from media documentation, but also with regional organizations of information specialists within and outside the DGD – and the significance of LID training within the framework of the DGD's qualification lines are described and analyzed in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The paper proposes a reading of Bühler's Sprachtheorie froma linguistic point of view. Attention is paid to some yet actual and not fully exploited topics: a) the critic of the segmental phonological model; b) the physiognomical model, the Gestalt point of view in the representation of the sound shape of language and a new view on pertinence; c) the theory of two fields and the cooperation between the symbolic field and the deictic one; d) the critic of the principle of the »poverty of the stimulus«; e) the role of the listener; f) the notion of »language game«. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The paper aims to shed light on Searle’s notion of collective intentionality (CI) as a primitive phenomenon shared by all humans. The latter could be problematic given that there are individuals who are unable to grasp collective intentionality and fully collaborate within the framework of “we-intentionality”. Such is the case of individuals with autism, given that the lack of motivation and skills for sharing psychological states with others is one of the diagnostic criteria for Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASD). The paper will argue that exclusion of individuals with autism is not a threat for Searle’s notion of collective intentionality, as the notion can be read as merely a biological disposition that all human beings share. Furthermore, the paper proposes the extension of Searle’s concept of CI so it can include behaviors of individuals who have the disposition towards CI, but which was not evolved through ontogenesis; namely, for individuals with autism.

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China became Brazil’s most important trading partner in 2009. For the South American country, this new situation implies lower levels of economic dependency on the USA. But does this new situation automatically translate into a more equitable axis of South-South relations? And, to what extent can Sino- Brazilian trade be reconciled with the vision of a global, low-carbon bioeconomy? This article addresses these questions by means of a qualitative analysis of the trade relations between China and Brazil over the period 2000-2018. The Sino-Brazilian case is interpreted as an important axis of South-South relations in the context of the emerging bioeconomy. The paper shows that, despite greening policies on both sides, trade relations between the two countries are by no means developing in the direction of a low-carbon transition. Although Sino-Brazilian trade is treated bilaterally as an expression of South-South cooperation, its constitutive elements and dynamics do not break with classical centre-periphery hierarchies. Instead, the article highlights the construction of new inequalities, with much relevance for the bioeconomy in the making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the discussion on combat climate change have largely centered on financially supporting renewable energy and new technologies. Topics include urging people to reduce their carbon footprint through voluntary consumption changes, are unlikely to yield significant results; and temptation to prioritize personal benefits often outweighs the perceived benefits of cooperation.