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Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über den Stand der Forschung zur staatlichen Gründungsfinanzierung, speziell in Deutschland. Dabei steht die Frage im Vordergrund, ob eine öffentliche Gründungsfinanzierung aus wirtschaftspolitischer Sicht zu rechtfertigen ist. Konkret werden vier Forschungsfragen untersucht. Die erste Frage lautet, ob Unternehmensgründungen für eine Wirtschaft überhaupt Nutzen stiften. Die zweite Frage lautet, ob auf dem Markt der Finanzierung von Gründungsunternehmen Unvollkommenheiten bzw. Marktversagen feststellbar sind. Die dritte Frage lautet, ob staatliche Maßnahmen der Gründungsfinanzierung einzelwirtschaftlich effektiv sind, dass sich also geförderte Unternehmen als erfolgreicher erweisen als nicht geförderte. Die vierte Frage lautet, ob eine staatliche Gründungsfinanzierung die angestrebten wirtschaftspolitischen Ziele zu den niedrigstmöglichen Kosten erreicht, also effizient ist. Die Antworten sind durchweg negativ und zeigen, dass die bisherige Forschung keine ausreichende Rechtfertigung für eine staatliche Gründungsfinanzierung bieten kann., This paper provides a survey on the current status of research in the field of public entrepreneurial financing. Most importantly, we investigate the economic justification of public activities in the market for start-up financing by addressing four research questions. First, the paper evaluates whether start-ups support macroeconomic growth at all. Second, we look for evidence of imperfections and market failure in the market for entrepreneurial finance. Third, the paper investigates whether public financing of start-ups is effective in the sense that subsidized firms perform better than non-subsidized ones. Fourth, it needs to be analyzed if existing measures of public financial support for start-ups are efficient, i.e. reach their economic goals cheaper than other measures. The answers to these questions are mostly negative which shows that economic research has no justification to offer for public entrepreneurial financing.

Der Beitrag geht der Frage nach, in welcher Weise sich Bezüge zwischen sprachlichem und naturwissenschaftlichem Lernen nicht nur postulieren, sondern auf empirischer Basis rekonstruieren lassen. Die Datenbasis bilden Videoaufnahmen authentischer Schulstunden (3., 4. und 5. Primarklasse, ca. 50 Zeitstunden) sowie die in den gefilmten Lektionen entstandenen schriftlichen Produkte. Der methodische Zugang ist explorativ-qualitativ ausgerichtet und interdisziplinär (Deutschdidaktik – Naturwissenschaftsdidaktik). Anhand einer Analyse einer Unterrichtssequenz mit konversationellen Schreibinteraktionen wird aufgezeigt, wie Schüler:innen während des kooperativen Schreibens fachliche Konzepte diskutieren, elaborieren und verändern. Dabei werden vier Modi kooperativen Schreibens rekonstruiert, die mit unterschiedlichen Potenzialen für das fachliche und (bildungs-)sprachliche Lernen verbunden sein dürften. English version “If you write it down, it has to be right!” – cooperative writing in science lessons as a possibility for combining – and analyzing – language and content learning This paper explores collaborative writing settings with primary school children (3rd, 4th and 5th primary class) in biology lessons: how can connections between language learning and content learning not only be postulated, but also reconstructed on an empirical basis? The study is based on a corpus of video recordings (approximately 50 h) and written products created in the recorded lessons. The methodological approach is explorative, qualitative and interdisciplinary (language education—science education). An analysis of conversational writing interactions shows how learners discuss, elaborate and modify scientific concepts during collaborative writing. Thus, four modes of collaborative writing are reconstructed. They are likely to offer different potentials for content learning and (academic) language learning., +repphzhbib2022A

**Hintergrund** Menschen mit Fluchtgeschichte sind mit einer Vielzahl von rechtlichen, strukturellen, administrativen, kulturellen und sprachlichen Barrieren im Zugang zur Gesundheitsversorgung konfrontiert. Derzeit liegen jedoch wenig Daten zu gesundheitlichen Bedarfen und Bedürfnissen von Geflüchteten vor. Insbesondere ihre subjektiven Erfahrungen im Zugang zur Gesundheitsversorgung sind bisher wenig berücksichtigt worden. **Ziel der Arbeit** In diesem Beitrag sollen die subjektiven Erfahrungen von Menschen mit Fluchtgeschichte beim Zugang zur Gesundheitsversorgung und bei deren Nutzung beschrieben werden. Strategien bei der Bewältigung von Herausforderungen werden dargestellt. **Methoden** Die Rekrutierung der InterviewpartnerInnen erfolgte anhand von quantitativen Querschnittsdaten, die im Rahmen einer Studie zur Gesundheit von Geflüchteten (FlüGe-Gesundheitsstudie) erhoben wurden. Personen, die einer erneuten Kontaktaufnahme zugestimmt hatten, wurden telefonisch kontaktiert. Es wurde eine im Hinblick auf Alter, Geschlecht, Nationalität, Gesundheitszustand und Inanspruchnahmeverhalten heterogene Teilstichprobe (n = 18) mittels dolmetschergestützter problemzentrierter Interviews nachbefragt. Die Datenauswertung erfolgte in einem deduktiv-induktiven Prozess. **Ergebnisse und Diskussion** Die wenig migrationssensible Gesundheitsversorgung von Menschen mit Fluchtgeschichte ist geprägt durch Sprachbarrieren, Orientierungslosigkeit, Ablehnungserfahrungen, Fehlbehandlungen und strukturelle Barrieren. Fremdheitserfahrungen in und mit dem Gesundheitssystem können dazu führen, dass die Versorgung nicht (mehr) oder nur verzögert in Anspruch genommen wird. Gleichzeitig werden individuelle Strategien von Geflüchteten und VersorgerInnen angewendet, um den genannten Herausforderungen zu begegnen., **Background** Refugees and asylum seekers face a variety of legal, structural, administrative, cultural and linguistic barriers in accessing healthcare. However, there is currently a lack of available data on the health needs of refugees and asylum seekers. In particular, their subjective experience in accessing healthcare has not been considered sufficiently. **Aim of the study** This paper explores the subjective experiences of refugees and asylum seekers in accessing and using healthcare. Strategies for dealing with potential challenges are presented. **Methods** The recruitment of interview partners was based on a quantitative cross-sectional study collected as part of a study on the health of refugees (FlüGe health study). Persons who agreed to be contacted again were contacted by telephone. A heterogeneous sub-sample (n = 18) with regard to age, gender, nationality, health status and utilisation behaviour was interviewed using interpreter-supported problem-centred interviews. Data were analysed using a deductive–inductive approach. **Results and discussion** The migration-insensitive healthcare for refugees and asylum seekers is characterised by language barriers, disorientation, experiences of rejection, mistreatment and structural barriers. Experiences of foreignness in the healthcare system can lead to delayed care seeking or underusage of healthcare systems. At the same time, individual strategies by refugees, asylum seekers and healthcare providers are used in order to meet these challenges.

Hintergrund: Die Anämie hat eine hohe Prävalenz bei Patienten vor Hüftgelenkrevisionsoperation und ist mit einer erhöhten Komplikationsrate assoziiert. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht erstmals den Zusammenhang von Kosten, realen DRG-Erlösen und Falldeckung der präoperativen Anämie bei elektiven Hüftgelenkrevisionsoperationen.Methoden: Für alle Patienten, die sich von 2010 bis 2017 an 2 Campi der Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin einer Hüftgelenkrevisionsoperation unterzogen, wurden Daten zu Patienten sowie Transfusionen, Kosten und Erlösen gesammelt. Subgruppen- und lineare Regressionsanalysen untersuchten die Falldeckung anämischer und nichtanämischer Patienten.ErgebnisseVon 1187 eingeschlossenen Patienten waren 354 (29,8 %) präoperativ anämisch. Insgesamt wurden 565 (47,6 %) Patienten, mit einem deutlichen Überwiegen anämischer Patienten (72,6 % vs. 37,0 %, p SchlussfolgerungDie präoperative Anämie und perioperative Transfusionen bei Hüftgelenkrevisionsoperationen sind mit erhöhten Behandlungskosten und einer finanziellen Unterdeckung für Kostenträger im Gesundheitswesen verbunden. Konzepte zur Behandlung der präoperativen Anämie (z. B. Patient Blood Management) könnten mittelfristig Behandlungskosten senken., BackgroundAnemia is highly prevalent in patients before hip joint revision surgery (HJRS) and is associated with an increased complication rate. This paper is the first to investigate costs, real diagnosis-related group (DRG) revenues and case coverage of preoperative anemia in elective HJRS.MethodsMedical data, transfusions, costs, and revenues of all patients undergoing HJRS at two campuses of the Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin between 2010 and 2017 were used for subgroup analyses and linear regressions.ResultsOf 1187 patients included 354 (29.8%) showed preoperative anemia. A total of 565 (47.6%) patients were transfused with a clear predominance of anemic patients (72.6% vs. 37.0%, p ConclusionPreoperative anemia and perioperative transfusions in HJRS are associated with increased treatment costs and a financial undercoverage for healthcare providers and health insurance companies. Concepts for the treatment of preoperative anemia (e.g. patient blood management) could reduce treatment costs in the medium term.

This paper focuses on two questions: Do children with and without intellectual disabilities in inclusive physical education differ in their social interactions? And does this correlate to the attitude that physical education teachers have toward inclusive education? To this end, in a cross-sectional analysis, 1502 children and 84 teachers at the elementary school level were surveyed. Social network analyses show that children with special educational needs (SEN) receive significantly fewer social interactions in physical education classes than children without SEN but have the same number of outgoing interactions. However, social interactions are not related to teacher attitude. On this basis, the role of the teacher in children’s social interactions is discussed., Im Zentrum des Beitrags stehen zwei Fragen: 1. Unterscheiden sich Kinder mit und ohne kognitive Beeinträchtigung im inklusiven Sportunterricht in ihren sozialen Interaktionen? 2. Besteht dabei ein Zusammenhang mit der Einstellung der Sportlehrkraft gegenüber inklusiver Bildung? Dazu wurden in einer Querschnittsanalyse 1502 Kinder und 84 Lehrkräfte auf Grundschulstufe befragt. Soziale Netzwerkanalysen zeigen, dass Kinder mit sonderpädagogischem Förderbedarf (SPF) im Sportunterricht signifikant weniger soziale Interaktionen erhalten als Kinder ohne SPF, jedoch gleich viele ausgehende Interaktionen aufweisen. Die sozialen Interaktionen hängen jedoch nicht mit der Einstellung der Lehrkraft zusammen. Auf dieser Basis wird die Rolle der Lehrkraft für die sozialen Interaktionen der Kinder diskutiert.

Health promotion interventions are not yet evidence-based to a desirable extent. A comparatively unnoticed explanatory factor could be that in the education and training of practitioners in health promotion and prevention, evidence-based approaches are still not sufficiently taken into account.To what extent is the topic of evidence-based practice found in basic documents such as competency frameworks, module manuals of degree programs, and the education trainings offered by central training providers for practitioners in prevention and health promotion?Selective Internet research and document analysis of two subject-specific qualifications frameworks, 31 degree programs, and three major training providers with respect to explicitly mentioned evidence topics.Clear consideration of evidence in both qualification frameworks and in 17 of the 31 degree programs; no explicit mention in any qualification program of the three training providers in the last five years.Limitations of the methodological approach are that not the entire field was analyzed, that only explicit consideration of evidence topics was sought, and that planning papers are an uncertain indicator of actual practice in education, training, and continuing education. Nonetheless, the exploratory study points to a need for action. It is suggested to approach universities and training providers with the aim of anchoring evidence topics more strongly in their offers, e.g., on the basis of the memorandum of the Bundeszentrale für gesundheitliche Aufklärung (Federal Centre for Health Education; BZgA) "Evidence-based Prevention and Health Promotion."HINTERGRUND: Interventionen in der Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention sind bisher nicht im wünschenswerten Umfang evidenzbasiert angelegt. Ein vergleichsweise unbeachteter Erklärungsfaktor könnte darin liegen, dass in der Aus- und Fortbildung von Akteuren der Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention Evidenzbasierung noch zu wenig berücksichtigt wird.Inwieweit findet sich das Thema Evidenzbasierung in Grundlagendokumenten wie Kompetenzrahmen, Modulhandbüchern einschlägiger Studiengänge sowie den Fortbildungsangeboten zentraler Fortbildungsträger für Akteure der Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung?Selektive Internetrecherche und Dokumentenanalyse von 2 fachspezifischen Qualifikationsrahmen, 31 Studiengängen und 3 großen Trägern von Fortbildungsangeboten im Hinblick auf die explizite Erwähnung von Evidenzthemen.Deutliche Berücksichtigung von Evidenz in beiden Qualifikationsrahmen und in 17 von 31 Studiengängen; keine explizite Nennung in den Qualifizierungsangeboten der 3 untersuchten Träger in den letzten 5 Jahren.Limitationen des methodischen Vorgehens sind, dass nicht das gesamte Feld analysiert wurde, dass nur nach expliziter Berücksichtigung von Evidenzthemen gesucht wurde und dass Planungspapiere ein unsicherer Indikator für die tatsächliche Praxis der Aus‑, Weiter- und Fortbildung sind. Gleichwohl zeigt die explorative Studie Handlungsbedarf auf. Es wird angeregt, auf Universitäten, Hochschulen und die Träger der Fortbildungsangebote zuzugehen mit dem Ziel, Evidenzthemen, z. B. auf Basis des Memorandums der Bundeszentrale für gesundheitliche Aufklärung (BZgA) „Evidenzbasierte Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung“, stärker in ihren Angeboten zu verankern.

**Zusammenfassung** Im Beitrag wird mit Fokus auf vier Ansprüche an die Erfassung von Kinderperspektiven der methodische Zugang des Interviews daraufhin reflektiert, wie im Kontext von kindlichem Eigensinn und generationaler Ordnung die Erwachsenheit der Forscher*innen aus forschungsethischer Sicht betrachtet werden kann und muss. In der sequenzanalytischen Re-Analyse von konflikthaften und weniger ergiebig erscheinenden Interviewsequenzen werden sog. Ad-hoc-Praktiken deutlich, in denen Forscher*innen in der Einmaligkeit der konkreten Interviewsituation Erwachsenheit und generationale Ordnung bei gleichzeitigem Interesse am Eigensinn des Kindes (re)produzieren. Diese sog. „Turning Points“ bieten Impulse für die Justierung des Begriffs der Angemessenheit und die Erweiterung von individuellen Forschungskompetenzen bei Kinderbefragungen., **Abstract** In the paper, the methodological approach of the interview is reflected upon, with a focus on four demands on the recording of children’s perspectives, how the researchers’ adulthood can and must be considered from a research ethical point of view in the context of childlike attachments and generational order. In the sequence re-analysis of conflictual and less productive interview sequences, so-called ad hoc practices are particularly evident in which researchers (re)produce adulthood and generational order in the uniqueness of the concrete interview situation despite parallel interest in the child’s obstinacy. These so-called “turning points” offer impulses for the adjustment of the concept of appropriateness and the expansion of individual research competences in child interviews.

Hintergrund Der Anstieg der älteren Bevölkerungsgruppe und der damit einhergehende Zuwachs des intensivmedizinischen Bedarfs betont die Notwendigkeit einer effizienten Bettenkapazitätsanalyse. Insbesondere Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen stellen ein häufig auftretendes Erkrankungsbild bei über 65-Jährigen dar. Ziel dieser Arbeit war somit die Analyse des retrospektiven und zukünftigen Intensivbedarfs von älteren Patienten über 65 Jahre mit 6 ausgewählten (kardiovaskulären) Codes der Internationalen statistischen Klassifikation der Krankheiten und verwandter Gesundheitsprobleme (ICD-10) am Beispiel einer Einrichtung der Maximalversorgung in einer ländlichen Region. Methodik Für die retrospektive Analyse wurden Daten für den Zeitraum 2015–2017 deskriptiv und bivariat ausgewertet. Die Analyse des Intensivbettenbedarfs erfolgte anhand der Warteschlangentheorie. Ergebnisse In dem betrachteten Zeitraum lagen die monatlichen Auslastungsraten kontinuierlich über der idealen Auslastungsrate von 80 % und zum Teil sogar über 100 %. Insbesondere die Nachfrage von Patienten mit I50.14 war im gesamten Krankenhaus sehr hoch. Die Bettenbedarfsanalyse zeigt einen Anstieg von 9 benötigten Betten im Jahr 2017 auf 11 Betten bis zum Jahr 2030 für die 6 Diagnosegruppen. Ohne Einschluss der Diagnosegruppe I50.14 wird sowohl retrospektiv als auch zukünftig etwa die Hälfte der Betten, die bei Einschluss aller 6 Diagnosen benötigt wurden, nachgefragt., BACKGROUND: The increasing number of elderly individuals in the population and the simultaneous increase of the intensive care demand emphasizes the relevance of an efficient bed capacity analysis. Particularly, cardiovascular diseases represent afrequently occurring disease in the population group over 65years of age. The objective of the following paper is the analysis of the retrospective and prospective intensive care demand by patients over 65years with 6selected (cardiovascular) codes of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10).; METHODS: For the retrospective analysis, data from 2015-2017 were analyzed applying descriptive and bivariate methods. The analysis of the intensive care bed demand was based on the queuing theory.; RESULTS: The monthly capacity utilization rates were constantly higher than the target capacity utilization rate of amaximum of 80% and in some cases even higher than 100%. In particular, the demand of patients with I50.14 was very high throughout the entire hospital. The bed demand analysis shows an increase from 9needed beds in 2017 to 11beds by 2030 for the 6diagnosis groups. Regarding the 5diagnosis groups without I50.14, only approximately half of the required beds were needed, retrospectively and in future.; CONCLUSION: The effect of demographic change on the intensive care demand already exists, and acontinuing, prospective increase of the demand is expected. The results underline the need of effective and demand-oriented intensive care capacity planning. However, prior to expanding bed capacities, the analysis of admission criteria of intensive care unit patients is necessary to reserve capacities primarily for patients with real intensive care needs.

This paper reviews habitability conditions for a terrestrial planet from the point of view of geosciences. It addresses how interactions between the interior of a planet or a moon and its atmosphere and surface (including hydrosphere and biosphere) can affect habitability of the celestial body. It does not consider in detail the role of the central star but focusses more on surface conditions capable of sustaining life. We deal with fundamental issues of planetary habitability, i.e. the environmental conditions capable of sustaining life, and the above-mentioned interactions can affect the habitability of the celestial body. We address some hotly debated questions including: How do core and mantle affect the evolution and habitability of planets?What are the consequences of mantle overturn on the evolution of the interior and atmosphere?What is the role of the global carbon and water cycles?What influence do comet and asteroid impacts exert on the evolution of the planet?How does life interact with the evolution of the Earth’s geosphere and atmosphere?How can knowledge of the solar system geophysics and habitability be applied to exoplanets? In addition, we address the identification of preserved life tracers in the context of the interaction of life with planetary evolution., SCOPUS: re.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Der Beitrag thematisiert die Entwicklung und Erfahrungen einer internationalen Forschergruppe, die sich schwerpunktmäßig mit Fragestellungen des Gebietsschutzes in Europa befasst. Unter dem Akronym "NeReGro" (für "Neue Regionalentwicklung in Großschutzgebieten") pflegen vier geographische Arbeitsgruppen an Hochschulen in der Schweiz, Österreich und Deutschland erfolgreich eine lose, informelle Form der Kooperation, die inzwischen annähernd 20 Jahre umspannt. Zentraler Gegenstand ihrer Zusammenarbeit sind die unübersehbaren Veränderungen, die der Gebietsschutz in Europa seit geraumer Zeit erfährt. Diese Entwicklung spiegelt sich besonders anschaulich in den sogenannten Großschutzgebieten wider, von denen viele neben den klassischen Aufgaben des Naturschutzes heute zahlreiche weitere Funktionen wahrnehmen. Ein nicht geringer Teil der raumwissenschaftlichen Forschung zu Großschutzgebieten erweckt den Eindruck relativ isolierter Arbeiten, die wenig Bezug zueinander haben bzw. von geringer gegenseitiger Kenntnis(nahme) zeugen. Die Entwicklung von NeReGro lässt anschaulich die Vorteile erkennen, die sich aus einer systematischen Zusammenarbeit für die Weiterentwicklung der Gebietsschutzforschung insgesamt gewinnen lassen. Diese betreffen die Entwicklung eines international vergleichenden Forschungsansatzes, die Berücksichtigung der gesellschaftlichen Implikationen des Gebietsschutzes sowie die Ergänzung der lokal-regionalen um eine globale Forschungsperspektive. Neben dem Mehrwert von Kooperation, wie er sich in der Arbeit von NeReGro zeigt, sind auch die Grenzen der Zusammenarbeit zu erkennen, wie sie für die Gebietsschutzforschung in Europa generell kennzeichend sind. Hieraus erwächst der Bedarf an der konsequenten Weiterentwicklung geeigneter Formen der Forschungskooperation auf europäischer Ebene, um den wachsenden Herausforderungen, die Planung und Management des Gebietsschutzes mit sich bringen, zukünftig angemessen begegnen zu können. This paper addresses development and experiences of an international group of researchers with a focus on area protection in Europe. Under the acronym "NeReGro" (for "New regional development and large protected areas") four university research groups in geography from Switzerland, Austria and Germany practice successfully a rather lose, informal way of collaboration for almost 20 years. Core subject of their joint activities is the considerable change experienced in area protection in Europe for quite some time. This is especially mirrored by large protected areas, many of which carry out a multitude of functions beyond the classical tasks of nature conservation. A considerable part of this research appears relatively isolated though, relatively disconnected and with limited mutual recognition. The development of NeReGro well illustrates the benefits that can be generated instead from ways of systematic collaboration for research on protected areas at large. These regard the development of a comparative international research agenda, the recognition of the societal implications of area protection, and the enhancement of the local-regional research perspective by a global view. Besides the added value of collaboration visibale through the work of NeReGro, the case of the research group equally illustrates limits of collabation similarly characteristic for protected areas research in Europe at large. Against this background, the consistent development of appropriate forms of research collaboration at European scale are demanded in order to meet future challenges caused by planning and management of protected areas.

Since 1 October 2016, all legally insured persons are entitled to a nationwide medication plan (BMP) under certain conditions (according to § 31a SGB V, E-Health Law). The catalogue of measures of the 3rd Action Plan 2013-2015 for the improvement of drug therapy safety (AMTS) provided for the testing of a medication plan in practice, including its acceptance and practicability in three model projects. These three projects - MetropolMediplan 2016, Erfurt, and PRIMA - are presented and recommendations are derived on the basis of the collected findings. Overall, the BMP was welcomed by the participating patients in all projects and led to an increase in satisfaction and an improvement in competence with regard to medication. Both doctors and pharmacists rated the interdisciplinary cooperation via the medium BMP very positively. The high effort and lack of technical infrastructure without electronic availability of the last current version of a BMP of the individual patient was perceived as negative. An original data comparison of the BMP data with the drugs actually taken in the MetropolMediplan 2016 project showed that only 36% of the patients were in agreement with the BMP and the drugs presently taken. The paper version of the BMP has therefore not yet been able to solve the problem of the timeliness and completeness of the medication. In addition to various proposals for the further development of BMP, all parties involved require the BMP to be available electronically across all sectors. The BMP should therefore be an important instrument for improving AMTS in the future.

This paper presents experimental measurement methods for the determination and evaluation of process related thermal residual stresses in fiber metal laminates. A cure monitoring system with fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors is used to measure the in-plane strains during processing of carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP)-steel laminates. The simultaneous measurement captures the thermal expansion during the heating stages, the cure shrinkage, and the cooling thermal shrinkage. The results enable the characterization of the co-cure bonding process and the stress transfer between the metal and FRP-layers during the creation process. The residual strains, which are used for calculation of the residual stresses, are recorded at room temperature after manufacturing. In addition, an advanced method using FBG-sensors and the deflection of asymmetric hybrid specimens is developed to validate the gained residual stress data. Asymmetrical specimens are created by removing selected layers after cure. Quantitative evaluation is achieved by determination of their curvature and measuring the strain changes with the embedded FBG-sensors. For validation, the methods were successfully demonstrated on two different curing cycles with different resulting residual stress levels. The simultaneous strain measurement enables the investigation of stress development and delivers more in-depth process knowledge for further optimization of the manufacturing process.

BackgroundClinical registries may provide high-quality evidence on the use and effectiveness of therapeutic interventions under real-life conditions. Adults with moderate-to-severe atopic eczema (atopic dermatitis [AD]) are enrolled into TREATgermany and prospectively followed over at least 2years. This paper analyses the association between dermatological quality of life and work limitations.Materials and methodsTreatment modalities and abroad set of physician- and patient-reported outcome measures are documented using validated instruments to assess clinical disease severity (EASI [Eczema Area and Severity Index], objective SCORAD [objective-SCORing Atopic Dermatitis]), quality of life (DLQI [Dermatology Life Quality Index]), symptoms (POEM [Patient-oriented Eczema Measure]), global disease severity, as well as patient satisfaction and work limitations including presenteeism (WLQ [Work Limitation Questionnaire]). From 06/2016 until 12/2017, 241 individuals (mean age 43 +/- 15years, 38.6% female) were enrolled at 19recruitment centers; 69% of the patients were employed.ResultsEmployed persons had DLQI and WLQ scores of 10.6 +/- 6.9points and 17.7 +/- 18.1%, respectively. Mean presenteeism was substantial accounting for 9.2%. With coefficients of 0.39 and 0.33 WLQ and presenteeism scores significantly correlate with DLQI (p, Hintergrund Klinische Register tragen zur Evidenzbasierung der Gesundheitsversorgung und zur Umsetzung von Forschungsergebnissen in die Praxis bei. TREATgermany schließt Erwachsene mit moderater bis schwerer Neurodermitis („atopic dermatitis“ [AD]) mit prospektiver Beobachtung über mindestens 2 Jahre ein. Der Beitrag zeigt erste Ergebnisse zum Zusammenhang von krankheitsbezogener Lebensqualität und Leistungseinschränkungen im Beruf. Material und Methoden Dokumentiert werden objektive und subjektive Outcomes mit validierten Messinstrumenten: klinischer Schweregrad (EASI [Eczema Area and Severity Index], oSCORAD [objective-SCORing Atopic Dermatitis]), Lebensqualität (DLQI [Dermatology Life Quality Index]), Symptome (POEM [Patient-oriented Eczema Measure]), globaler Schweregrad (Investigator Global Assessment [IGA]/Patient Global Assessment [PGA]), Patientenzufriedenheit und berufsbezogene Leistungseinschränkungen (WLQ [Work Limitation Questionnaire]) inklusive Präsentismus (Produktivitätsverlust bei der Arbeit) sowie der Therapieverlauf. Von 06/2016 bis 12/2017 wurden 241 Patienten (Alter 43 ± 15 Jahre; 38,6 % Frauen) in deutschlandweit 19 Zentren eingeschlossen, 69 % waren berufstätig. Ergebnisse Erwerbstätige hatten DLQI- und WLQ-Mittelwerte von 10,6 ± 6,9 Punkten bzw. 17,7 ± 18,1 %. Der mittlere Präsentismus betrug 9,2 %. Mit r = 0,39 und 0,33 korrelierten die WLQ- und Präsentismus-Scores signifikant mit dem DLQI (p

This paper presents a short summary of the knowledge on marine biotoxins. As toxins are known for their acute effects, they have been classified here according to the effects they cause in acute human poisoning incidents. Toxins may thus be distinguished into those that affect the nervous system (paralytic and other neurotoxins), memory (amnesic poisons), and the digestive system (diarrhetic toxins). Furthermore, newly emerging toxins, such as ciguatoxins or shark toxins, and factors that lead to the introduction of toxins in new areas, are presented. Relevant suggestions for further reading are given., Dieser Beitrag stellt eine Kurzfassung der Kenntnisse über marine Biotoxine dar. Da die Toxine durch ihre akuten Wirkungen bekannt sind, wurden sie hier nach ihrer Wirkung beim Menschen im Vergiftungsfall eingeteilt. Man unterscheidet sie nach der Wirkung auf das Nervensystem (lähmende und andere Neurotoxine), das Gedächtnis (amnesische Toxine) und das Verdauungssystem (Durchfall auslösende Toxine). Weiterhin werden neu auftretende Toxine, wie z. B. Ciguatoxine oder Toxine in Haifischfleisch, und Faktoren, die zum Erscheinen von Toxinen in neuen Gebieten führen, aufgeführt sowie relevante Hinweise auf weiterführende Literatur gegeben.

Elektroaltgeräte stellen mit einem jährlichen Zuwachs von 3 bis 5 % einen der am schnellsten wachsenden Abfallströme in Europa dar. Vorgaben und Ambitionen der Europäischen Union zielen auf die Vermeidung des Anfalls von Elektroaltgeräten, eine nachhaltige Ressourcennutzung sowie eine Beschränkung von gefährlichen Stoffen ab. Im Rahmen eines FFG-Forschungsprojekts wurden die Materialströme von Elektrokleingeräten entlang der gesamten Verwertungskette und die dabei auftretenden Materialverluste von der Sammlung bis zur Sekundärressource untersucht. Dabei wurden neue Ansätze zur Sammlung von Elektrokleingeräten aus Haushalten recherchiert sowie ein stochastisches Modell zur Abschätzung der Materialzusammensetzung des Outputs einer mechanischen Behandlungsanlage basierend auf dem Inputmaterial (Sammelware) entwickelt. Primärdaten wurden in Kooperation mit dem Betreiber einer österreichischen mechanischen Aufbereitungsanlage im Rahmen von Batchversuchen sowohl für das Inputmaterial in die Anlage wie auch für die Outputströme erhoben. Die prognostizierte Zusammensetzung des Anlagenoutputs wurde mit den tatsächlichen Outputströmen verglichen. Die Verwertungskette zeigt, dass bei derzeitigen österreichischen Sammelmengen und stofflichem Recycling am Stand der Technik 28 bis 31 % der in Verkehr gebrachten Gerätematerialien zurückgewonnen werden können. Anders ausgedrückt bedeutet dies, dass 69 bis 72 % des Materials der in Verkehr gesetzten EKG trotz Sammlung und Recycling verloren gehen. Die größten Materialverluste (und damit einhergehend die größten Verbesserungspotenziale) treten in der Sammlung (41 % Verluste) und in der stofflichen Verwertung (30 bis 36 % Verluste) auf. Die Recherche von Sammelsystemen zeigt, dass die Rücknahme durch den Handel sowie die Sammlung im öffentlichen Raum vielversprechende Beiträge zur Erhöhung der Sammelmengen liefern können. Die modellbasierte Outputschätzung zeigte für Leiterplatten, Eisen und Kunststoffe eine zufriedenstellende Genauigkeit. Waste electrical and electronic equipment is one of the fastest growing waste streams in Europe with an annual increase of 35%. Goals and visions of the European Union aim at the prevention of electrical and electronic waste, sustainable resource management and a restriction of hazardous materials. The research presented in this paper, funded by the FFG, evaluates the material flows of small waste and electronic equipment along the full end-of-life process chain and associated material losses, from collection of the devices to recovered secondary resources. Key parts of the research were a review of novel approaches of collection schemes for small devices from households, and the application of a newly developed stochastic model to estimate the material composition of outputs from a pre-treatment facility based on the facility input (collected devices). In close cooperation with the operator of an Austrian pre-treatment facility batch trials were run and primary data collected. Results for the expected output from the facility generated by the stochastic tool were then compared to the actual composition. The end-of-life process chain indicates that when taking into account the Austrian collection rates and state-of-the-art material recycling technology 2831% of the material from small devices put on the market are recovered. In other words, 6972% of the materials are lost. The highest losses (and thus the highest improvement potential) occur due to uncollected devices (41% losses) and in material recycling (3036% losses). The review of collection schemes indicates that retail take-back systems and the collection in public spaces are promising approaches to contribute to a higher collection rate. The estimation of the output composition using the stochastic model provides a satisfactory accuracy for printed circuit boards, ferrous metals and plastics. (VLID)2786805

The paper discusses the opportunities for an empirically grounded decision support system as an instrument for independent and scientifically based consumer policy consulting. To date, consumer policy is dominated by the information paradigm and the leitbild of the rational, sovereign and information-seeking consumer. Yet, both everyday practice and research in behavioural economics show that this view lacks empirical ground. In fact, there are different consumer types and different forms of rationalities at work. Effective consumer policy making should be based on the empirically revealed behaviour of consumers, not on an ideal model. Moreover, it is often not clear how much consumer policy measures actually contribute to the consumer interest, and whether there would be more effective and efficient policy instruments to strengthen the consumer position. The authors suggest introducing an empirically based “Check Consumer Policy and Consumer Participation” as a systematic decision and evaluation tool for policy makers. This check should be independent from the government and should be grounded on an empirical view of the consumer. Consumer policy tools should be tested with real consumers. The authors suggest an independent national “Expert Council for Consumer Policy” as an ideal candidate to supervise this work.

What should we do if climate change or global injustice require radical policy changes not supported by the majority of citizens? And what if science shows that the lacking support is largely due to shortcomings in citizens individual psychology such as cognitive biases that lead to temporal and geographical parochialism? Could then a plausible case for enhancing the morality of the electorateeven against their will be made? But can a democratic government manipulate the will of the people without losing democratic legitimacy? This paper explores the problems that governmental manipulation of voters pose for democratic legitimacy and the tensions between non-manipulated input and morally acceptable output. These venerable issues of political theory resurface in light of recent suggestions to tackle todays global mega-problems by Ingmar Persson and Julian Savulescu. They suggest that to avert the looming catastrophe, governments should alter psychological traits of the citizenry through biomedical means, from pharmaceuticals to genetics. However, we argue that a government cannot rule with democratic legitimacy if elected by a will of the people it manipulated before. Normatively, conferring power from the governed onto governors is a one-directional relation that is incompatible with manipulation. But while it is tempting to rebut suggestions to morally enhance the people as antithetical to essential ideas of democracy, swift rebuttals tend to overlook the deeper challenge: Majoritarian decision-making may lead to inacceptable outcomes. The dilemma between input and output runs through major works in political theory. Rather than wishfully ignoring the dangers of democracy, democratic theory has to provide answers.

Lässt sich Unterrichtsqualität auf zentrale Basisdimensionen zurückführen? Der Beitrag unterzieht das Wirkmodell der Basisdimensionen von Unterrichtsqualität nach Klieme et al. (2001, 2009) einer empirischen Prüfung im Fach Rechnungswesen. Das Modell geht von der Annahme aus, dass die drei Basisdimensionen kognitive Aktivierung, Classroom Management und soziale Unterstützung über das Lernengagement der Schüler/innen (Verarbeitungstiefe, Lernzeit, Lernmotivation) positiv auf die motivationalen und fachlichen Unterrichtsziele wirken. An einer Stichprobe von 659 Schüler/inne/n aus 24 Klassen berufsbildender mittlerer und höherer Schulen in Österreich werden diese Wirkmechanismen mittels Mehrebenenstrukturgleichungsmodellierung getestet. Die Modellannahmen werden im Wesentlichen bestätigt, auch wenn sich jene zur kognitiven Aktivierung nicht in allen Analysen empirisch belegen lassen. Die Diskussion der Ergebnisse zeigt auf, dass vor allem die kognitive Aktivierung im Rechnungswesenunterricht eine zentrale Herausforderung für Lehrpersonen darstellt. Do basic dimensions of instructional quality exist? The paper empirically tests the model of basic dimensions of instructional quality by Klieme et al. (2001, 2009) in Accountancy. The model assumes positive effects of the three dimensions cognitive activation, classroom management and social support on motivational and academic student outcomes via characteristics of student learning activities such as depth of processing, time on task and intrinsic motivation. These assumptions are tested on a sample of 659 upper secondary students of 24 classes from vocational education in Austria by means of multilevel structure equation modeling. The analysis shows that the model is basically confirmed by the data although the assumptions with regard to cognitive activation are not proven in all analyses. The discussion of the results points at the challenge of offering cognitive activating instructions/lessons in Accounting. (VLID)3426728

Die besondere Schwierigkeit der praktischen Feststellung von Organisationseffizienz rührt vor allem aus der Vielzahl zu beachtender organisatorischer Regeln sowie der nicht unproblematischen Differenzierung zwischen der organisatorischen Vorbereitung von Entscheidungsfeldern und den Sachentscheidungsprozessen selbst.

The advent of fully automated road vehicles is a topic currently getting attention in the field of transport as well as futures research: the technology is assumed to radically change the way we move in the future as well as to expand and differentiate existing mobility concepts. Still, the implications of automated driving are first and foremost discussed from a technological point of view and uncertainty about how this transition might take place remains. The embedding in the system of automobility respectively the transport system as a whole, currently lacks analytical as well as empirical examination. In our paper, we will discuss the topic in relation to three possible sociotechnical transition scenarios: (1) evolution, (2) revolution and (3) transformation. We will extrapolate different scenarios of automated driving based on current technical, economic, infrastructural, spatial, and transport developments and discuss its consequences for the transport system and mobility concepts.

In diesem Beitrag wird der Artikel von Barbara Krahé aus philosophischer und wissenschaftsgeschichtlicher Sicht kommentiert., This short piece is a comment on Krahe's paper on the social-psychology of aggression with a focus on definitional issues, construct validity and on how science and society interact

Im Rahmen des Projekts „Qualität von nachhaltigen Bürogebäuden“ (QNB) wurden 27 Bürogebäude in der Schweiz umfassend untersucht. Einerseits wurden Messungen durchgeführt (u. a. CO2, Lufttemperatur, Luftfeuchtigkeit), andererseits breit angelegte Befragungen über Umgebungs- und arbeitsorganisatorische Faktoren vorgenommen. In der vorliegenden Auswertung werden Bauten mit verschiedenen Lüftungsarten – mechanisch, natürlich und hybrid – verglichen. Mechanisch belüftete Räume wiesen im Sommer Vorteile in Bezug auf die Lufttemperatur und im Winter in Bezug auf die Luftqualität (CO2) auf. In natürlich belüfteten Räumen wurde im Winter eine schlechtere Luftqualität als in mechanisch belüfteten Räumen gemessen; positiv zu vermerken ist eine leicht höhere relative Luftfeuchtigkeit. Die subjektiven Einstufungen deckten sich größtenteils, jedoch nicht immer, mit den gemessenen Parametern zum Raumklima. Dies betrifft vor allem die Luftqualität. Für die messtechnische Bewertung der Luftqualität müssten neben CO2 weitere Parameter (z. B. Partikel) einbezogen werden. Grundsätzlich wurde in allen Gebäuden messtechnisch und bewertungsmäßig mehrheitlich eine gute Qualität festgestellt. Mit Blick auf die Lufttemperatur könnte diese im Winter gesenkt werden, um die Anforderungen an das Energiesparen und die Luftfeuchtigkeit besser erfüllen zu können. Die Komfortansprüche der Nutzenden könnten dadurch auch besser erfüllt werden. During the research project “Quality of Sustainable Buildings” (QSB), 27 office buildings in Switzerland were investigated. Objective measurements (air quality CO2, air temperature, relative humidity) were performed and in addition, data on subjective judgements were collected using questionnaires. The analyses of this paper focus on the characteristics of ventilation (natural, mechanical andhybrid ventilation). Mechanically ventilated buildings indicated some advantages during the summer period with respect to the air temperature and in the winter with respect to the air quality (CO2). For naturally ventilated buildings, disadvantages during the winter were observed with respect to the air quality (CO2). The same buildings showed some advantage of a higher relative humidity in the winter period compared with the mechanically ventilated buildings. Subjective judgements did more or less correspond with the measured data. However, some parameters did not. Additional parameters for qualifying indoor air quality (here measured as CO2 concentration) need to be considered. In addition, the study showed a quite good quality (measured and judged) for most of the buildings. In order to contribute to energy savings and to achieve a better level of indoor air quality (e.g. humidity), indoor air temperature could be reduced in winter without negatively affecting the comfort requirements of the office users.

Finding maneuvers for parameter estimation in flight data records is a laborious task and traditionally performed post-flight on ground. Two different data parser approaches to automatically detect these maneuvers in flight are presented. Both methods search the control input signals for significant changes that correspond to test maneuvers. The first algorithm is based on the signal time derivative of the input signal whereas the second method uses a fast orthogonal wavelet transform. Both algorithms are tested with flight test data recorded with the DLR research aircraft ATTAS. Performance results are compared and potential problems when applying the parsers to other data are discussed. Results indicate that both methods are applicable in an online parameter estimation tool. The intention of the work in this paper is to develop an algorithm with a high level of automation for in-flight use, but both approaches could also be applied to offline flight data mining problems.

Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) play an important role in increasing the safety on today’s roads. Forward collision warning systems, lane change assistants or cooperative adaptive cruise control are examples of safety relevant applications that rely on accurate relative positioning between vehicles. Current solutions found in commercial automobiles estimate the position of surrounding vehicles by measuring the distance with RADAR, cameras or IR-sensors. It is envisioned that the advent of inter-car communication will provide on-board relative positioning systems with further information about other vehicles in the surrounding area. While performing research in this field, the need of a proper reference system for testing new approaches originates. In the ideal case, such a reference system would yield the exact and continuous 3D baseline between two vehicles at any time in any circumstance. In this paper we will characterize the use of a laser scanner as a reference system for relative vehicle positioning.

Despite Email being the most popular communication medium currently in use and that people have been shown to regularly re-use messages, very little is known about how people actually search within email clients. In this paper we present a detailed analysis of email search behaviour obtained from a study of 47 users. We uncover a number of behavioral patterns that contrast with those previously observed in web search. From our findings, we describe ways in which email search could be improved and conclude with a short discussion of possible future work.

In rescue missions or law enforcement applications, accurate determination of every team member's position and providing this information on a map may signi�cantly improve mutual situation awareness and potentially reduce the risk of accidentally harming a team member. Furthermore, it could help keep track of the areas that have been already visited, helping the coordination of the mission at hand. Whereas in outdoors environments accurate positioning information can be obtained using a GNSS receivers, in indoor or underground environments GNSS signals are strongly disturbed and other means of localization must be called into play. Foot mounted inertial sensors or IMUs have been one of the proposed solutions, but their performance is prone to errors that grow over time. Only when the map of the environment is provided, can these IMUs perform with high accuracy. But building plans or maps of indoor and underground areas are often unavailable, outdated, incomplete and do not re ect furniture or other obstacles that also constraint the pedestrian's motion. How can a reliable map of an indoor environment be generated? FootSLAM - Simultaneous Localization and Mapping for pedestrians - is a novel technique based on foot mounted IMUs that measure the pedestrian's steps while walking. These measurements can be used to generate a map of an environment while determining the pedestrian's location within that map. FootSLAM was recently extended to FeetSLAM, the multiuser scenario in which the maps obtained by two or more pedestrians are combined to generate a more extensive and accurate map of the environment. In this paper we elaborate on di�erent deployment scenarios for Foot- SLAM and its collaborative counterpart in security and emergency applications, yet to be experimentally validated.

A tanglegram is a pair of trees on the same set of leaves with matching leaves in the two trees joined by an edge. Tanglegrams are widely used in computational biology to compare evolutionary histories of species. In this paper we present a formulation of two related combinatorial embedding problems concerning tanglegrams in terms of CNF-formulas. The first problem is known as planar embedding and the second as crossing minimization problem. We show that our satisfiability formulation of these problems can handle a much more general case with more than two, not necessarily binary or complete, trees defined on arbitrary sets of leaves and allowed to vary their layouts.

Cell Stress & Chaperones journal has become a major outlet for papers and review articles about anti-heat shock protein (HSP) antibodies. In the last decade, it became evident that apart from their intracellular localization, members of the heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90; HSPC) and Hsp70 (HSPA) family are also found on the cell surface. In this review, we will focus on Hsp70 (HSPA1A), the major stress-inducible member of the human Hsp70 family. Depending on the cell type, the membrane association of Hsp70 comes in two forms. In tumor cells, Hsp70 appears to be integrated within the plasma membrane, whereas in non-malignantly transformed (herein termed normal) cells, Hsp70 is associated with cell surface receptors. This observation raises the question whether or not these two surface forms of Hsp70 in tumor and normal cells can be distinguished using Hsp70 specific antibodies. Presently a number of Hsp70 specific antibodies are commercially available. These antibodies were generated by immunizing mice either with recombinant or HeLa-derived human Hsp70 protein, parts of the Hsp70 protein, or with synthetic peptides. This review aims to characterize the binding of different anti-human Hsp70 antibodies and their capacity to distinguish between integrated and receptor-bound Hsp70 in tumor and normal cells.

This paper summarizes recent advances in the global solution of several relevant facility layout problems.

The investigation of infrastructureless safety applications in dierent transportation systems is a hot research topic. The nodes in thevnetwork are designed to advertise to the rest of the nodes informationabout the current traffic situation by means of short beacon messages containing speed, direction, positions and other relevant safety information. The scheduling should be organized by the MAC layer so that the transmitted messages arrive successfully as soon as possible at the receiver. The networks that support these kind of applications are Mobile Ad-hoc Multibroadcast Networks (MAMNETs). In this paper we present the challenges the MAC layer for MAMNETs should overcome. We discuss the most important performance metrics of the MAC layers in order to obtain a system independent analysis and show a survey of the factors that may in uence the behavior of the MAC layers.

Mobile FSO Communication links have gained signi�cant at- tention over the last years due to their increasing maturity. They are used in point to point link scenarios where the high gain in power efficiency and datarate is crucial, compared to state-of-the-art RF links. The Optical Communication Group of German Aerospace Center's Institute of Communication and Navigation is conducting research and practical investigations of mobile optical high-speed communication links between diverse platforms, e.g. optical links from aircrafts, UAVs or Satel- lites to Ground. This paper will give an overview on the current and future work of the Optical Communication Group in this fi�eld, with additional regard to quantum communications.

Weir flow is known to be subject to streamline curvature effects since the 18th century, when Boussinesq conducted his pioneer developments. A number of investigations have focused on the development of related theoretical models. However, hydraulic practice is often based on model test research, e. g. for weir flow features where the standard hydraulic theory based on the specific energy equation fails. In this paper, a hydraulic theory is presented describing flows over broad-crested weirs allowing both for streamline curvature effects and the so-called scale effect, originated by the boundary layer development on the weir crest. The theoretical results are compared to model test data, resulting in an excellent agreement. Further, it is shown that based on the hydraulic theory the features of broad-crested weir flow may be explained, and the contradictions coming from a standard hydraulic approach are overcome., Der Erstautor wurde durch Junta para la Ampliación de Estudios, CSIC, National Research Council of Spain sowie FSE un terstützt.

An experimental setup for the generation and investigation of periodic equivalence ratio oscillations in laminar premixed flames is presented. A special low-pressure burner was developed which generates stable flames in a wide pressure range down to 20 mbar and provides the possibility of rapid mixture fraction variations. The technical realization of the mixture fraction variations and the characteristics of the burner are described. 1D laser Raman scattering was applied to determine the temperature and concentration profiles of the major species through the flame front in correlation to the phase-angle of the periodic oscillation. OH* chemiluminescence was detected to qualitatively analyze the response of the flame to mixture fraction variations by changing shape and position. Exemplary results from a flame at p=69 mbar, forced at a frequency of 10 Hz, are shown and discussed. The experiments are part of a cooperative research project including the development of kinetic models and numerical simulation tools with the aim of a better understanding and prediction of periodic combustion instabilities in gas turbines. The focus of the current paper lies on the presentation of the experimental realization and the measuring techniques.